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Oxide, Magnesium

Magnesium oxide is a chemical compound composed of magnesium and oxygen.
It is a white, crystalline solid that is widely used in various industries, including construction, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture.
Magnesium oxide has a high melting point and is known for its thermal stability, making it a valuable material in high-temperature applications.
It is also used as a dietary supplement and antacid, as well as a refractory material in the production of bricks and ceramics.
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Most cited protocols related to «Oxide, Magnesium»

Gamma Radiation Shielding of Silicone Rubber

Cited 6 times

A ready-made RTV2 silicone rubber in liquid form was purchased from a local store in Egypt, with its stiffener made in China, in addition to purchasing micro-magnesium oxide from El-Gomhouria Chemicals Company in Cairo, Egypt, with a purity of 97.8% and an average particle size of 60 ± 4 μm. Nano-magnesium oxide was purchased from Nano Tech Company, Egypt, with a purity of 99.8% and an average particle size of 20 ± 5 nm. The nanoparticles were prepared chemically and their purity was confirmed using EDX analysis. Samples were photographed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) to confirm their size.
The mixing process was manually carried out until it became a single mixture that had no lumps or voids, after which it was poured into molds until dried. The samples were mixed in the same proportions as listed in Table 1, with 2 grams of hardener added to every 50 grams of silicone rubber, then adding either micro- or nano-MgO and mixing well until homogeneous. Then they were poured into molds and left for 24 h.
First, the density was measured using the law of mass per volume; the sample was weighed for mass and the volume was measured by the thickness and the sample radius. Then, a system was designed, as shown in Figure 1, to measure the attenuation coefficient of the existing samples using three radioactive sources (Co-60, Cs-137, and Am-241) and a HPGe detector at the Environmental and Radiation Measurements Laboratory, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
The measurement was made in the presence and absence of the absorbed sample to determine the intensity of gamma ray photons in both cases. Genie 2000 software was used to analyze the resulting spectrum and determine the intensity of the photons in the presence of the silicon rubber sample (N) and in the absence of the silicon rubber sample (N₀). The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) was experimentally determined using Equation (1) [18 (link),19 (link),20 (link),21 (link),22 (link)]:

L A C = \frac{1}{d} l n \frac{N_{0}}{N}

where d is the thickness of the sample. From LAC, we can determine the half-value layer (HVL) by the following Equation (2) [23 (link),24 (link),25 (link),26 (link),27 (link),28 (link),29 (link),30 (link)]:

H V L = \frac{L N (2)}{L A C}

The mean free path (MFP) is calculated using Equation (3):

M F P = \frac{1}{L A C}

The radiation absorption ratio (RAR) is an useful quantity for estimating the efficacy of shielding materials and given by Equation (4) [31 (link),32 (link),33 (link),34 (link)].

R A R (%) = (1 - \frac{N}{N_{0}}) \times 100

Sayyed M.I., Al-Ghamdi H., Almuqrin A.H., Yasmin S, & Elsafi M. (2022). A Study on the Gamma Radiation Protection Effectiveness of Nano/Micro-MgO-Reinforced Novel Silicon Rubber for Medical Applications. Polymers, 14(14), 2867.

Publication 2022

Absorption, Radiation Cesium-137 Fungus, Filamentous Gamma Rays Genie Graduate Education Oxide, Magnesium Radiation Radioactivity Radius Rubber Silicon Silicone Elastomers Transmission Electron Microscopy Urination

Synthesis of MgO-Lignin Hybrids

Cited 4 times

MgO-lignin hybrids were obtained using magnesium oxide and kraft lignin. The final products in the form of MgO-lignin systems were prepared at three different ratos: (i) one part by weight of MgO for 5 parts by weight of lignin (1:5); (ii) one part by weight of MgO per one part by weight of lignin (1:1); (iii) five parts by weight MgO for one part by weight of lignin (5:1). Both components were mechanically connected by grinding and homogenizing the system in a planetary ball mill (Fritsch GmbH, Idar-Oberstein, Germany) for 2 h. A detailed description of the production methodology can be found in our previous publications [9 (link),16 (link),27 (link),28 (link)]. Additionally, fillers in the form of pure magnesium oxide and pure lignin were prepared. After milling, the powders were sieved through a sieve with a diameter of 80 mm. Then, the samples were subjected to further tests. The received materials are presented on a digital photo (see Figure 1).

Bula K., Kubicki G., Jesionowski T, & Klapiszewski Ł. (2020). MgO-Lignin Dual Phase Filler as an Effective Modifier of Polyethylene Film Properties. Materials, 13(3), 809.

Publication 2020

Hybrids Kraft lignin Lignin Oxide, Magnesium Powder

Calibration and Optimization of LED Array

Cited 3 times

For calibration measurements, we used a radiometrically calibrated spectrophotometer (Flame, Ocean Optics, USA) and a photodiode with a linear amplifier (OPT-101, Texas Instruments, USA). When necessary, we used the same fibre as the one for stimulation and a collimator (74-UV, Ocean Optics, USA). The positions for mounting individual LEDs were first empirically determined by illuminating the diffraction grating with white light from the XBO lamp in reverse, via the optical fibre and the launching lens. The diffracted light was projected onto the mounting beam and the approximate positions corresponding to LED emission peaks were determined with the spectrophotometer.
To monitor the LED light, the XBO lamp was substituted with the spectrophotometer, and the LEDs were precisely positioned so that their light output around the declared emission peak was maximised. Most of the LEDs were additionally collimated with the LED holder’s collimating lens. For some LEDs, the collimating lens degraded the light output and was removed.
Light fluxes of the LEDs in the array were measured with the spectrophotometer. The efficiency of individual LEDs was calculated by dividing the output intensity from the optical fibre with the intensity measured by collecting the light with the same fibre, equipped with a collimating lens, positioned next to the LED on its optical axis.
We integrated the photon flux of each channel in a 20 nm bin around the emission peak, using the radiometrically calibrated spectrometer, which measured the light reflected from a magnesium oxide block positioned 15 cm in front of the fibre. In order to generate isoquantal stimuli, we adjusted the PWM for each channel until the irradiance integral was inversely proportional to the wavelength. Consequently, the LEDs with narrower bandwidths had somewhat higher peaks. The most effective LED had to be attenuated to a 2% duty cycle and the white LED was running at the full duty cycle (Fig. 2d).

Belušič G., Ilić M., Meglič A, & Pirih P. (2016). A fast multispectral light synthesiser based on LEDs and a diffraction grating. Scientific Reports, 6, 32012.

Publication 2016

Epistropheus Eye Fibrosis Lens, Crystalline Light Oxide, Magnesium

Enhanced Recovery Protocols for Colorectal Surgery

Cited 3 times

This study was approved by the Tokyo Bokutoh Metropolitan Hospital institutional review boards (IRB) and written informed consent was obtained from all patients. Ninety-four patients undergoing primary colorectal cancer surgery at Tokyo Bokutoh Metropolitan Hospital were enrolled from November 2011 to December 2012. Patients were consecutively recruited to the trial during this period. The exclusion criteria included poor Japanese comprehension or psychiatric/central nervous system disturbances precluding completion of the Japanese version of the QoR-40 [12 (link), 13 (link)]. This study was approved by the Tokyo Bokutoh Metropolitan Hospital IRB (IRB code: 25 –Heisei23).
All patients were treated using the ERAS protocols of Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital [14 (link)]. The main differences between the ERAS protocols of Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital and traditional care are intensive pre-admission counselling, no fasting and oral nutrition during the pre- and post-operative periods, no nasogastric tube after the operation, intense use of thoracic epidural anesthesia/analgesia, avoidance of sodium/fluid overload, short incisions, intraoperative warm air body heating, a routine mobilization care pathway, stimulation of gut motility (use of oral magnesium oxide), early removal of catheters and a multidisciplinary team approach.
The patient demographic and perioperative data were also collected. These included the type of surgery, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) performance status, stage of colorectal cancer and length of postoperative hospital stay.

Shida D., Wakamatsu K., Tanaka Y., Yoshimura A., Kawaguchi M., Miyamoto S, & Tagawa K. (2015). The postoperative patient-reported quality of recovery in colorectal cancer patients under enhanced recovery after surgery using QoR-40. BMC Cancer, 15, 799.

Publication 2015

Analgesia, Epidural Anesthesia Anesthesiologist Catheters Central Nervous System Colorectal Carcinoma Epidural Anesthesia estrogen receptor alpha, human Ethics Committees, Research Human Body Japanese Motility, Cell Operative Surgical Procedures Oxide, Magnesium Patients Problem Behavior Sodium Staging, Cancer

ERAS Protocols in Perioperative Care

Cited 3 times

The main differences between ERAS protocols adopted by Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital and traditional care practices (Table 1) include intensive pre-admission counseling (by both surgeons and anesthesiologists), no pre- and postoperative fasting (provision of oral nutrition), no nasogastric tube use after operation, avoidance of sodium/fluid overload, short incisions, intraoperative warm-air body heating, enforcement of postoperative mobilization, stimulation of gut motility (use of oral magnesium oxide), early urinary catheter removal, and multimodal team care. Some elements of ERAS, such as the use of thoracic epidural anesthesia/analgesia and avoidance of pre-anesthetic medication, had already been practiced routinely as part of traditional perioperative care at the time the study was initiated. The same discharge criteria (e.g., ability to tolerate solid food, adequate pain control, independence in basic activities of daily living, patient consent to discharge) were used throughout the study period.Table 1

Changes in perioperative care

	Traditional care	ERAS
Preoperative counseling	only by surgeons	intensive (by both surgeons and anesthesiologists)
Preoperative fasting (oral intake)	no food on the previous day	normal diet until the previous evening
	no drink after the previous noon	drink oral hydration solution (OS-1^R) until 3 hours before surgery*
Preoperative bowel preparation	usually	sometimes for colon cancer, and always for rectal cancer
Perioperative fluid management (avoidance of sodium/fluid overload)	no	yes (goal-directed fluid therapy)
Short incisions/lapascopic surgery	no	always
Intraoperative warm-air body heating	sometimes	always
Nasogastric tube	used (remove at POD1)	not used
Postoperative fasting	no oral intake for 3 days postoperatively	initiate oral hydration (OS-1^R) on the morning of POD1*
	start eating soup at POD5	start eating rice at POD3
Routine postoperative mobilization care	yes (walk by POD2)	enforced (walk in the morning of POD1)
Non-opiate oral analgesics/NSAIDs	no	given routinely
Stimulation of gut motility	no	yes (use of oral magnesium oxide)
Early urinary catheter removal	no	yes
Multimodal approach	few cases	every case
Anesthesia and analgesics	combination of epidural analgesia and general anesthesis (use of remifentanil)
Avoidance of pre-anesthetic medication (no pre-medication)	Yes
Abstinence from smoking and drinking	Yes

*Three 500-ml plastic bottles of oral rehydration solution [OS-1^R; Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Tokushima, Japan]

Shida D., Tagawa K., Inada K., Nasu K., Seyama Y., Maeshiro T., Miyamoto S., Inoue S, & Umekita N. (2015). Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols for colorectal cancer in Japan. BMC Surgery, 15, 90.

Publication 2015

Analgesia, Epidural Analgesics Anesthesia and Analgesia Anesthesiologist Anesthetics Cancer of Colon Colon Diet estrogen receptor alpha, human Fluid Therapy Food General Anesthesia Human Body Intestinal Cancer Intestines Management, Pain Motility, Cell Multimodal Imaging Operative Surgical Procedures Opiate Alkaloids Oryza sativa Oxide, Magnesium Patient Discharge Patients Perioperative Care Pharmaceutical Preparations Rectum Remifentanil Sodium Surgeons Urinary Catheter World Health Organization oral rehydration solution

Most recents protocols related to «Oxide, Magnesium»

Synthesis and Surface Modification of Hydrotalcite Particles

Not available on PMC !

Example 1

In a 2 L stainless steel container, 730 g of aluminum hydroxide powder (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., Cica special grade) were added into 1110 mL of 48% sodium hydroxide solution (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., Cica special grade), and they were stirred at 124° C. for 1 hour to give a sodium aluminate solution (First Step).

After the sodium aluminate solution was cooled to 80° C., ion exchange water was added into the sodium aluminate solution to achieve a total amount of 1500 mL.

After 96 mL of the sodium aluminate solution were separated into a 1 L stainless steel container, pure water was added into the solution to achieve a total amount of 730 mL (concentration of the sodium aluminate solution: 0.8 mol/L). The solution was stirred with keeping a temperature thereof at 25° C., and the solution was aerated with carbon dioxide in an aeration amount of 0.7 L/min. for 60 minutes to give adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry (low-crystallinity aluminum compound=pseudo-boehmite) (Second Step).

Separately, 49.5 g of magnesium oxide powder (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., special grade) were added to 327 mL of pure water, and they were stirred for 1 hour to give magnesium oxide slurry.

In a 1.5 L stainless steel container, the magnesium oxide slurry and the adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry were added into 257 mL of pure water, and they were stirred at 55° C. for 90 minutes to cause a first-order reaction. As a result, a reactant containing hydrotalcite nuclear particles was prepared (Third Step).

Then, pure water was added to the reactant to give a solution in a total amount of 1 L. The solution was put into a 2 L autoclave, and a hydrothermal synthesis was performed at 160° C. for 7 hours. As a result, hydrotalcite particles slurry was synthesized (Fourth Step).

To the hydrotalcite particles slurry were added 4.3 g of stearic acid (3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of hydrotalcite particles) with keeping a temperature of the hydrotalcite particles slurry at 95° C. to perform a surface treatment on particles (Fifth Step). After the hydrotalcite particles slurry of which particles were surface treated was filtered and washed, a drying treatment was performed at 100° C. to give solid products of hydrotalcite particles. The produced hydrotalcite particles were subjected to an elemental analysis, resulting in that Mg/Al (molar ratio)=2.1.

In accordance with a method of Example 1 described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2003-048712, hydrotalcite particles were synthesized.

In 150 g/L of NaOH solution in an amount of 3 L were dissolved 90 g of metal aluminum to give a solution. After 399 g of MgO were added to the solution, 174 g of Na₂CO₃were added thereto and they were reacted with each other for 6 hours with stirring at 95° C. As a result, hydrotalcite particles slurry was synthesized.

To the hydrotalcite particles slurry were added 30 g of stearic acid (3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of hydrotalcite particles) with keeping a temperature of the hydrotalcite particles slurry at 95° C. to perform a surface treatment on particles. After the hydrotalcite particles slurry of which particles were surface treated was cooled, filtered and washed to give solid matters, a drying treatment was performed on the solid matters at 100° C. to give solid products of hydrotalcite particles.

Example 2

After the sodium aluminate solution was cooled to 80° C., ion exchange water was added into the sodium aluminate solution to achieve a total amount of 1500 mL.

After 96 mL of the sodium aluminate solution were separated into a 1 L stainless steel container, pure water was added into the solution to achieve a total amount of 730 mL (concentration of the sodium aluminate solution: 0.8 mol/L). The solution was stirred with keeping a temperature thereof at 30° C., and the solution was aerated with carbon dioxide in an aeration amount of 0.7 L/min. for 90 minutes to give adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry (low-crystallinity aluminum compound=pseudo-boehmite) (Second Step).

Solid products of hydrotalcite particles were produced in a same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that reaction conditions of 95° C. and 6 hours for synthesis of the hydrotalcite particles slurry in Comparative Example 1 were changed to hydrothermal reaction conditions of 170° C. and 6 hours.

Example 3

After the sodium aluminate solution was cooled to 80° C., ion exchange water was added into the sodium aluminate solution to achieve a total amount of 1500 mL.

After 96 mL of the sodium aluminate solution were separated into a 1 L stainless steel container, pure water was added into the solution to achieve a total amount of 730 mL (concentration of the sodium aluminate solution: 0.8 mol/L). The solution was stirred with keeping a temperature thereof at 60° C., and the solution was aerated with carbon dioxide in an aeration amount of 0.7 L/min. for 60 minutes to give adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry (low-crystallinity aluminum compound=pseudo-boehmite) (Second Step).

In accordance with a method of Example 1 described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2013-103854, hydrotalcite particles were synthesized.

Into a 5 L container were added 447.3 g of magnesium hydroxide (d50=4.0 μm) and 299.2 g of aluminum hydroxide (d50=8.0 μm), and water was added thereto to achieve a total amount of 3 L. They were stirred for 10 minutes to prepare slurry. The slurry had physical properties of d50=10 μm and d90=75 μm. Then, the slurry was subjected to wet grinding for 18 minutes (residence time) by using Dinomill MULTILAB (wet grinding apparatus) with controlling a slurry temperature during grinding by using a cooling unit so as not to exceed 40° C. As a result, ground slurry had physical properties of d50=1.0 μm, d90=3.5 μm, and slurry viscosity=5000 cP. Then, sodium hydrogen carbonate was added to 2 L of the ground slurry such that an amount of the sodium hydrogen carbonate was ½ mole with respect to 1 mole of the magnesium hydroxide. Water was added thereto to achieve a total amount of 8 L, and they were stirred for 10 minutes to give slurry. Into an autoclave was put 3 L of the slurry, and a hydrothermal reaction was caused at 170° C. for 2 hours. As a result, hydrotalcite particles slurry was synthesized.

To the hydrotalcite particles slum were added 6.8 g of stearic acid (3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of hydrotalcite particles) with keeping a temperature of the hydrotalcite particles slurry at 95° C. to perform a surface treatment on particles. After solids were filtered by filtration, the filtrated cake was washed with 9 L of ion exchange water at 35° C. The filtrated cake was further washed with 100 mL of ion exchange water, and a conductance of water used for washing was measured. As a result, the conductance of this water was 50 μS/sm (25° C.). The water-washed cake was dried at 100° C. for 24 hours and was ground to give solid products of hydrotalcite particles.

Example 5

After the sodium aluminate solution was cooled to 80° C., ion exchange water was added into the sodium aluminate solution to achieve a total amount of 1500 mL.

After 192 mL of the sodium aluminate solution were separated into a 1 L stainless steel container, pure water was added into the solution to achieve a total amount of 730 mL (concentration of the sodium aluminate solution: 1.6 mol/L). The solution was stirred with keeping a temperature thereof at 30° C., and the solution was aerated with carbon dioxide in an aeration amount of 0.7 L/min. for 90 minutes to give adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry (low-crystallinity aluminum compound=pseudo-boehmite) (Second Step).

In accordance with a method of Example 1 described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. H06-136179, hydrotalcite particles were synthesized.

To 1 L of water were added 39.17 g of sodium hydroxide and 11.16 g of sodium carbonate with stirring, and they were heated to 40° C. Then, to 500 mL of distilled water were added 61.28 g of magnesium chloride (19.7% as MgO), 37.33 g of aluminum chloride (20.5% as Al₂O₃), and 2.84 g of ammonium chloride (31.5% as NH₃) such that a molar ratio of Mg to Al, Mg/Al, was 2.0 and a molar ratio of NH₃to Al, NH₃/Al, was 0.35. As a result, an aqueous solution A was prepared. The aqueous solution A was gradually poured into a reaction system of the sodium hydroxide and the sodium carbonate. The reaction system after pouring had pH of 10.2. Moreover, a reaction of the reaction system was caused at 90° C. for about 20 hours with stirring to give hydrotalcite particles slurry.

To the hydrotalcite particles slurry were added 1.1 g of stearic acid, and a surface treatment was performed on particles with stirring to give a reacted suspension. The reacted suspension was subjected to filtration and water washing, and then the reacted suspension was subjected to drying at 70° C. The dried suspension was ground by a compact sample mill to give solid products of hydrotalcite particles.

US11873230B2. Hydrotalcite particles, method for producing hydrotalcite particles, resin stabilizer containing hydrotalcite particles, and resin composition containing hydrotalcite particles (2024-01-16). TODA KOGYO CORP. [JP], SAKAI CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO., LTD. [JP]. Inventors: Koji Kakuya [JP], Atsuko Yasunaga [JP], Nobukatsu Shigi [JP].

Patent 2024

A-A-1 antibiotic Aluminum Aluminum Chloride aluminum oxide hydroxide Anabolism Bicarbonate, Sodium Carbon dioxide Chloride, Ammonium Filtration hydrotalcite Hydroxide, Aluminum Ion Exchange Japanese Magnesium Chloride Magnesium Hydroxide Molar Oxide, Magnesium Physical Processes Powder Resins, Plant sodium aluminate sodium carbonate Sodium Hydroxide Stainless Steel stearic acid Suby's G solution Viscosity

Probiotic Supplement Formulation and Preparation

Not available on PMC !

Example 1

NAME OF COMPONENTmg/sachet

Probiotic Material:

Lactobacillus helveticus150 billion CFU/g73.333

Rosell 52

Bifidobacterium longum 50 billion CFU/g20.000

R175

Lactobacillus plantarum150 billion CFU/g20.000

Rosell 1012

Carrier material:

Magnesium oxide41.446

Magnesium gluconate341.297

Potassium citrate138.290

Zinc gluconate111.111

Glutathione20.000

Lactoferrin11.364

Copper citrate2.834

Inulin500.000

Fructose1291.125

Additional (optional) excipients

Sucralose4.000

Acesulfame K12.000

Flavouring150.000

Aerosil 20040.000

Colouring: E1242.200

Colouring: E1021.000

Anhydrous citric acid220.000

The formulation described above is prepared as follows: Lactobacillus Plantarum, Lactobacillus helveticus, Bifidobacterium longum, are mixed with inulin and blended at 32 rpm for approximately 10 min. Thereafter, fructose, magnesium gluconate, zinc gluconate, citric acid, flavor, potassium citrate, magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide, glutathione, potassium acesulfame, lactoferrine, and sucralose are added to the mixture and blended at 32 rpm for another 10 min.

US11878040B2. Compositions comprising probiotic and prebiotic components and mineral salts, with lactoferrin (2024-01-23). GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare S.R.L. [RO]. Inventors: Valeria Longoni [IT], Marisa Penci [IT].

Patent 2024

acesulfame potassium Aerosil Bifidobacterium longum Citric Acid Citric Acid, Anhydrous Copper Excipients Flavor Enhancers Fructose gluconate Glutathione Inulin Lactobacillus Lactobacillus helveticus Lactobacillus plantarum Lactoferrin Magnesium magnesium gluconate Minerals Oxide, Magnesium Oxides Potassium Citrate Prebiotics Probiotics Salts Silicon Dioxide sucralose zinc gluconate

Determination of Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen in Sausages

The TVBN content was determined using the method previously described^{49 (link)} with slight modifications. Of note, 5 g of the sausage sample was blended with 25 mL of distilled water and equilibrated for 30 min at room temperature. Filter paper was used to filter the solution. By adding 5 mL of 10 g/L magnesia, a 10-mL filtrate was made alkaline and distilled for 5 min. A control of 10 mL of distilled water was also used. The distillate was collected in an Erlenmeyer flask with 10 mL of 20 g/L boric acid aqueous solutions and a mixed indicator made by dissolving 0.1 g of methyl red and 0.5 g of bromocresol green into 100 mL of 95% ethanol. Titration with 0.01 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution was performed on the mixed solution. The TVBN content was calculated using the following equation:

TVBN (mg / 100 g) = \frac{[(V 1 - V 2) \times c \times 14]}{m \times \frac{10}{100}} \times 100 .

Here, V1 is the titration volume of the tested sample (mL), V2 is the titration volume of the blank (mL), c is the actual concentration of hydrochloric acid (mol/L), and m is the weight of the sausage sample (g).

Gu Y., Qiao R., Jin B., He Y, & Tian J. (2023). Effect of Limosilactobacillus fermentum 332 on physicochemical characteristics, volatile flavor components, and Quorum sensing in fermented sausage. Scientific Reports, 13, 3942.

Publication 2023

boric acid Bromcresol Green Ethanol Hydrochloric acid Oxide, Magnesium Titrimetry

Soil Nutrient Analysis: Kjeldahl, Olsen, Walkley-Black

Total nitrogen content in soil was determined by the Kjeldahl method (Kjeldahl, 1883 (link)) during the initial and after harvesting of crop growth. The NH₄⁺-N and NO₃⁻-N were analyzed through steam distillation (Bremner & Keeney, 1965 (link)) during all four crop growth stages (tillering, flowering, grain-filling, and physiological maturity). The extract was prepared by taking 10 g soils with 0.25 g activated charcoal and 50 mL KCl solution and kept for shaking (30 min), then filtered with Whatman filter paper 1. From the same KCl extract, 10 mL each was taken in two different distillation flasks, and 100 mL of distilled water was added to each flask. In addition, 1 g Devardas alloy was added for the case of NH₄⁺-N estimation and NO₃⁻-N estimation 1 g magnesium oxide (MgO) was added and distilled separately, and these ions were captured in 20 mL of 2% Boric acid and titrated against 0.02 N sulfuric acid. Further calculations were done using Eqs. (2) and (3) for NH₄⁺-N estimation and NO₃⁻-N estimation, respectively.

E x c h a n g e a b l e a m m o n i c a l N % i n s o i l = \frac{(V s - V b) * S * 0.014 * 100}{W} = Z 1

E x c h a n g e a b l e N H_{4}^{+} - N (p p m) = Z 1 * 10^{4}

E x c h a n g e a b l e n i t r a t e N % i n s o i l = \frac{(V s - V b) * S * 0.014 * 100}{W} = Z 2

E x c h a n g e a b l e N O_{3}^{-} - N (p p m) = Z 2 * 10^{4}

where,
Vs denotes the volume of H₂SO₄ available for sample titration.
Vb denotes the volume of H₂SO₄ needed for blank titration.
S = H₂SO₄ power,
W = Weight of oven-dried soil used for analysis.
Available phosphorus (P) was analyzed using Olsens’ estimation method (Olsen, 1954 ). First, available P from the soil sample was extracted using 0.5 N NaHCO₃ solution buffer at pH 8.5. Then available P in the extract was measured by an ascorbic acid method using a spectrophotometer. Next, available potassium (K) in the soil was measured using an ammonium acetate method (Hanway & Heidel, 1952 ), where available K was extracted by shaking with neutral normal ammonium acetate for 5 min, and the K was determined using a flame photometer. Finally, soil organic carbon was measured using Walkley and Black’s rapid titration method (Walkley & Black, 1934 (link)).

L. Ramalingappa P., Shrivastava M., Dhar S., Bandyopadhyay K., Prasad S., Langyan S., Tomer R., Khandelwal A., Darjee S, & Singh R. (2023). Reducing options of ammonia volatilization and improving nitrogen use efficiency via organic and inorganic amendments in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PeerJ, 11, e14965.

Publication 2023

Alloys ammonium acetate Ascorbic Acid Bicarbonate, Sodium boric acid Buffers Carbon Cereals Charcoal, Activated Crop, Avian Distillation Ions Nitrogen Oxide, Magnesium Phosphorus physiology Potassium Steam Sulfuric Acids Titrimetry

Quantifying Coal Plant Exposure Reductions

Population exposure to coal

particulate matter begin subscript 2.5 end subscript

was reduced through various actions taken on individual coal EGUs across the study period, including reduced operations, emissions controls (“scrubbers”; control technologies identified by the following labels in the AMPD data set: Dry Lime FGD, Dry Sorbent Injection, Dual Alkali, Fluidized Bed Limestone Injection, Magnesium Oxide, Sodium Based, Wet Lime FGD, Wet Limestone, and Other), and retirements. Using PWE from HyADS and data from EPA AMPD, we calculated PWE contributed by operational facilities and PWE avoided through each of these three interventions.
We used dates of unit retirements and scrubber installations listed in the AMPD data set to designate each unit’s operational or emissions control status. Additionally, we employ each unit’s annual heat input—also available in the AMPD data set—to characterize units as operating at high capacity (annual heat input above each unit’s median annual heat input reported in operational years from 1999 to 2020) or low capacity (annual heat input below median heat input). This characterization of high vs. low operational capacity allows for the quantification of exposure avoided by reduced operations. Using this information, we characterize each unit into one of six categories: a) operating at high capacity without a scrubber, b) operating at low capacity without a scrubber, c) operating at high capacity with a scrubber, d) operating at low capacity with a scrubber, e) retired without previously installing a scrubber, and f) retired after operating with a scrubber. These six operational/control categories led to seven contributed and avoided exposure designations that could be calculated using modeled PWE across subsets of years for each unit (Table 1).
We calculated each quantity listed in Table 1 for each unit in years that met the corresponding criteria and presented the sum of each exposure class across units. We did not include the years of scrubber installation or retirement in the PWE averaging to avoid transition years. Each unit’s potential PWE designation among these five categories remained constant across any given range of years for which its scrubber and operational status did not change. We presented the annual results as a percentage of total potential exposure in each year.
The approach was designed to explore trends across years, and the calculated values were somewhat sensitive to the criteria listed in Table 1. Therefore, the results were not precise enough to diagnose a given year’s exposure distribution across the seven categories, and we focused on overarching trends in the discussion. Sensitivity of the results to the selection of the heat input value cutoff used to define high/low operating capacity is presented in Figure S7.

Henneman L.R., Rasel M.M., Choirat C., Anenberg S.C, & Zigler C. (2023). Inequitable Exposures to U.S. Coal Power Plant–Related : 22 Years and Counting. Environmental Health Perspectives, 131(3), 037005.

Publication 2023

Alkalies calcium oxide Coal Diagnosis Hypersensitivity Limestone Oxide, Magnesium Sodium

Top products related to «Oxide, Magnesium»

Magnesium oxide by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany

Magnesium oxide is a chemical compound that consists of one magnesium atom and one oxygen atom. It is a white, crystalline solid that is used in various laboratory applications.

Chloroform by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, India, Italy, Spain, France, Canada, Switzerland, China, Australia, Brazil, Poland, Ireland, Sao Tome and Principe, Chile, Japan, Belgium, Portugal, Netherlands, Macao, Singapore, Sweden, Czechia, Cameroon, Austria, Pakistan, Indonesia, Israel, Malaysia, Norway, Mexico, Hungary, New Zealand, Argentina

Chloroform is a colorless, volatile liquid with a characteristic sweet odor. It is a commonly used solvent in a variety of laboratory applications, including extraction, purification, and sample preparation processes. Chloroform has a high density and is immiscible with water, making it a useful solvent for a range of organic compounds.

Methanol by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany, United States, Italy, India, United Kingdom, China, France, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, Australia, Canada, Sao Tome and Principe, Brazil, Ireland, Japan, Belgium, Portugal, Singapore, Macao, Malaysia, Czechia, Mexico, Indonesia, Chile, Denmark, Sweden, Bulgaria, Netherlands, Finland, Hungary, Austria, Israel, Norway, Egypt, Argentina, Greece, Kenya, Thailand, Pakistan

Methanol is a clear, colorless, and flammable liquid that is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications. It serves as a solvent, fuel, and chemical intermediate. Methanol has a simple chemical formula of CH3OH and a boiling point of 64.7°C. It is a versatile compound that is widely used in the production of other chemicals, as well as in the fuel industry.

Magnesium oxide mgo by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany

Magnesium oxide (MgO) is a chemical compound that is commonly used as a laboratory material. It is a white, crystalline solid with a high melting point and low thermal conductivity. Magnesium oxide is known for its refractory properties, which make it suitable for use in high-temperature applications. Its core function is to serve as a reference material or a component in various scientific experiments and laboratory procedures.

Magnesium oxide by Sinopharm

Sourced in China

Magnesium oxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula MgO. It is a white, crystalline solid that is commonly used in various industrial and scientific applications.

Sodium hydroxide (naoh) by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany, United States, India, United Kingdom, Italy, China, Spain, France, Australia, Canada, Poland, Switzerland, Singapore, Belgium, Sao Tome and Principe, Ireland, Sweden, Brazil, Israel, Mexico, Macao, Chile, Japan, Hungary, Malaysia, Denmark, Portugal, Indonesia, Netherlands, Czechia, Finland, Austria, Romania, Pakistan, Cameroon, Egypt, Greece, Bulgaria, Norway, Colombia, New Zealand, Lithuania

Sodium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white, odorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and is a strong base. It is commonly used in various laboratory applications as a reagent.

Acetic acid by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, India, China, France, Spain, Switzerland, Poland, Sao Tome and Principe, Australia, Canada, Ireland, Czechia, Brazil, Sweden, Belgium, Japan, Hungary, Mexico, Malaysia, Macao, Portugal, Netherlands, Finland, Romania, Thailand, Argentina, Singapore, Egypt, Austria, New Zealand, Bangladesh

Acetic acid is a colorless, vinegar-like liquid chemical compound. It is a commonly used laboratory reagent with the molecular formula CH3COOH. Acetic acid serves as a solvent, a pH adjuster, and a reactant in various chemical processes.

Magnesium oxide by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in Germany

Magnesium oxide is a chemical compound with the formula MgO. It is a white, crystalline solid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent and in various industrial applications.

Formic acid by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany, United States, Italy, United Kingdom, France, Spain, China, Poland, India, Switzerland, Sao Tome and Principe, Belgium, Australia, Canada, Ireland, Macao, Hungary, Czechia, Netherlands, Portugal, Brazil, Singapore, Austria, Mexico, Chile, Sweden, Bulgaria, Denmark, Malaysia, Norway, New Zealand, Japan, Romania, Finland, Indonesia

Formic acid is a colorless, pungent-smelling liquid chemical compound. It is the simplest carboxylic acid, with the chemical formula HCOOH. Formic acid is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications.

Dp70 camera by Olympus

Sourced in Japan, United States, Germany, Denmark, Australia

The DP70 is a digital microscope camera designed for high-quality image capture and documentation. It features a 12.5-megapixel CCD sensor and supports image resolutions up to 4080 x 3072 pixels. The DP70 can capture both still images and video, providing versatility for various microscopy applications.

What are the common uses of magnesium oxide?

Magnesium oxide has a wide range of applications due to its unique properties. It is commonly used in construction materials, such as bricks and refractory products, due to its high melting point and thermal stability. Magnesium oxide is also used as a dietary supplement and antacid, as well as in the production of pharmaceuticals. Additionally, it finds use in agriculture as a fertilizer and soil conditioner.

What are the different types or variations of magnesium oxide?

Magnesium oxide can exist in different forms, including light magnesium oxide and heavy magnesium oxide. Light magnesium oxide is produced by the calcination of magnesium hydroxide and has a lower density, while heavy magnesium oxide is produced by the calcination of magnesium carbonate and has a higher density. The choice of which type to use depends on the specific application and desired properties.

What are some common challenges in using magnesium oxide?

One of the main challenges in using magnesium oxide is its tendency to absorb moisture from the air, which can lead to the formation of magnesium hydroxide. This can impact the performance and stability of the material, particularly in high-temperature applications. Additionally, magnesium oxide can be corrosive to certain metals, which must be considered when selecting compatible materials for its use.

How can PubCompare.ai assist with magnesium oxide research?

PubCompare.ai's AI-driven comparison and optimization platform can be extremely helpful for researchers working with magnesium oxide. The platform allows you to efficiently screen protocol literature, leveraging AI to pinpoint critical insights that can help you identify the most effective protocols related to magnesium oxide for your specific research goals. The platform's analysis can highlight key differences in protocol effectiveness, enabling you to choose the best option for reproducibility and accuracy in your experiments.

What are the key benefits of using PubCompare.ai for magnesium oxide research?

By using PubCompare.ai, researchers can experiance the future of research today. The platform's intelligent search capabilities allow you to effortlessly locate the best protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, saving you time and effort. The AI-driven analysis provided by PubCompare.ai can also help you unlock data-driven insights, enabling you to optimize your magnesium oxide experiments for success. Ultimately, PubCompare.ai empowers you to conduct more efficient and effective research, unlocking new possibilities in your work with magnesium oxide.

More about "Oxide, Magnesium"

Magnesium oxide, also known as magnesia or periclase, is a chemical compound consisting of magnesium and oxygen.
It is a white, crystalline solid that is widely used in various industries such as construction, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture.
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in human health, participating in over 300 enzymatic reactions in the body.
Magnesium oxide (MgO) is a common dietary supplement and antacid, as it can help neutralize stomach acid and alleviate symptoms of acid reflux or indigestion.
In the realm of scientific research, magnesium oxide is a versatile material with a high melting point and excellent thermal stability, making it valuable for high-temperature applications.
Researchers can leverage the power of PubCompare.ai's AI-driven comparison and optimization platform to effortlessly locate the best protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, and optimize their magnesium oxide experiments for success.
The platform's intelligent search capabilities allow users to discover the most relevant information and data-driven insights, unlocking new possibilities in magnesium oxide research.
Beyond magnesium oxide, other related compounds like chloroform (CHCl3), methanol (CH3OH), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are also widely used in various industries and research applications.
Acetic acid (CH3COOH) and formic acid (HCOOH) are organic acids with diverse applications, while the DP70 camera is a specialized tool used in scientific imaging and analysis.
By exploring the interconnected world of these related terms and concepts, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the broader landscape of chemical compounds and materials, leading to more informed and successful research outcomes.