The largest database of trusted experimental protocols

Periodic Acid

Periodic acid, a strong oxidizing agent, is commonly used in biochemical and analytical research.
It is employed to cleave the carbon-carbon bonds in carbohydrates, glycoproteins, and other biomolecules, allowing for their structural analysis.
Optimizing the use of periodic acid in your research can be streamlined with the AI-driven platform of PubCompare.ai.
This tool helps you easily locate the best protocols and products by comparing data from literature, pre-prints, and patents.
The intelligent tools provided by PubCompare.ai can help you identify the most effective methods and make informed decisions, ultimately streamlining your research and achieving better results.
With PubCompare.ai, you can ensure your periodic acid studies are conducted using the most up-to-date and effective techniques.

Most cited protocols related to «Periodic Acid»

Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions

Open the protocol to access the free full text link

Publication 2010
Alcian Blue Antibodies Antral Atrophy BLOOD Brucella Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Equus caballus Flow Cytometry Helicobacter pylori Hyperplasia Inflammation Interferon Type II Metaplasia Microscopy Paraffin Periodic Acid Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Serum Stain, Giemsa Stomach Technique, Dilution Tissues
Patients with suspected DILI were enrolled in the DILIN Prospective Study and data were collected as previously described (5 (link)). Patients or their next of kin provided written informed consent which included pathology review. If available, up to 10 unstained re-cuts of liver tissue (needle or wedge biopsies, explanted native livers and autopsies) obtained at investigator discretion were sent to the central pathology core laboratory (NCI) for repeat staining and storage. Slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome, reticulin, iron, copper and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) with diastase. Biopsies were reviewed by the central hepatic pathologist (DEK) who was blinded to all clinical information including the name(s) of the implicated drugs. All liver tissues received the same predefined structured histological evaluation. This systematic evaluation of 48 separate histologic features was divided into seven broad categories: inflammation, necrosis/cell injury, fibrosis, steatosis, cholestasis, vascular injury, and other findings including evaluation of special stains (Supplementary Table 1)(10 ). The number of portal areas (complete and partial) was recorded as a measure of biopsy adequacy. The diagnostic classification used (Supplementary Table 2) was based on published descriptions of pathologic changes in DILI (11 , 12 ). Standard hepatopathological diagnostic criteria (13 ) were used to define patterns of injury. The overall injury pattern was classified into one of 18 patterns: acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, acute cholestasis, chronic cholestasis, cholestatic hepatitis (mixed hepatocellular and cholestatic injury), granulomatous changes, steatosis (macrovesicular or microvesicular), steatohepatitis, coagulative/confluent necrosis (zonal or non-zonal), massive/sub-massive necrosis, vascular injury, hepatocellular alteration, nodular regenerative hyperplasia, mixed or otherwise unclassifiable injury, minimal non-specific changes, and absolutely normal.
For the purposes of the current analysis, a biopsy was eligible for inclusion if it was obtained within six months of the protocol-defined DILI onset date and was adequate in the pathologist’s opinion to assign a pattern of injury. Tissues from explants or autopsies were excluded. If two biopsies qualified from the same patient, the larger biopsy was used. Once the biopsy data from blinded review was recorded, additional information was abstracted from the DILIN prospective database including the patient age, sex and laboratory data (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (Alk P) and total bilirubin) at the time of DILI onset and at or around the time of liver biopsy (within 7 days). The biochemical injury pattern (hepatocellular, mixed or cholestatic) was calculated as the ratio (R) of ALT to Alk P normalized by their respective upper limits of normal from laboratory data at the time of onset. If a suspected case had undergone causality determination (9 (link)) then the causality score, severity score and implicated medications were also obtained from the database.
Publication 2013
Alkaline Phosphatase Amylase Autopsy Bilirubin Biopsy Cell-Derived Microparticles Cells Cholestasis Coagulation, Blood Copper D-Alanine Transaminase Diagnosis Dilin Eosin Fibrosis Granuloma Hepatitis Hepatitis, Chronic Hyperplasia Inflammation Injuries Iron Liver Necrosis Needles Pathologists Patients Periodic Acid Pharmaceutical Preparations Regeneration Reticulin Stains Steatohepatitis Tissues Vascular System Injuries Zonal
Flowers for histochemical examination were selected according to the pollen tube kinetics results, at anthesis, two, and three days after pollination. Two flowers - 10 styles - per day were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.03M saline phosphate buffer pH7.3 for 4 h [78 (link)]. Then the pistils were washed in 0.03M saline phosphate buffer and sequentially dehydrated in an ethanol series (30%, 50%, 70%, and 96%), leaving them one hour in each ethanol concentration. The gynoecia were left for five days in the embedding solution at 4ºC, and then embedded in JB4 plastic resin (Polysciences Inc., 0226A). Both longitudinal and transversal sections 2μm thick were cut on a LEICA EM UC6 ultramicrotome with a glass knife and then placed onto distilled water on a glass slide previously coated with 1% gelatine. Polysaccharides were stained with periodic acid shift reagent-PAS [79 (link)] counterstained with 0.02% Toluidine Blue for general structure, and proteins with 0.25% Naphtol Blue Black in 1% acetic acid [80 (link)]. Also 0.07% calcofluor white for cellulose [48 (link)] and other polysaccharides [52 (link)], 0.01% auramine in 0.05M phosphate buffer for cutin and lipids [81 (link)], and 0.01% acridine orange in 0.03% phosphate buffer, pH7.4 [82 ] were used to observe the stylar morphology.
Slides were observed under bright field LEICA DM2500 microscope carrying 100W light source, and photographs were obtained with a Leica DFC320 camera linked to the software Leica Application Suite. Fluorescence observations were done with the same microscope provided with an epifluorescence source and connected to a CANON Power Shot S50 camera linked to the CANON Remote Capture software. Filters used were 355/455 nm for calcofluor white, and 450/510 nm for auramine and acridine orange stained sections.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2014
Acetic Acid Acridine Orange Auramine O Buffers calcofluor white Cellulose cutin Ethanol Flowers Fluorescence Gelatins Glutaral Kinetics Light Microscopy Lipids Microscopy Naphthol Blue Black Periodic Acid Phosphates Pistil Pollen Tube Pollination Polysaccharides Proteins Resins, Plant Saline Solution Tolonium Chloride Ultramicrotomy
Since the larval exoskeleton is resistant to known fixative reagents, we performed an adequate fixation by injecting buffered formalin 10% with an insulin syringe in the last left proleg. The volume of solution injected, to have a turgid consistency of the larvae, was about 100 µL. Larvae were then stored at 4°C for 24 h, to fix internal organs and block melanization. Whole larvae were dissected transversally or sagittally into two halves by means of an anatomic pincers and by using a new lancet blade for each larva. The procedure was carefully performed to avoid the squeeze of the larval tissues. The two halves of larvae were placed in the same BioCassette and routinely processed in the path lab. For transversally sectioned larvae, each paraffin-embedded half was further sectioned into two/three rings, after cooling the larva at room temperature for a few minutes to harden the tissues. A crucial step to avoid the paraffin block rupture during microtome sectioning was to keep the cut larval tissues in hot paraffin for one hour to stabilize the inclusion, and to obtain a complete merge of the cut rings in the final paraffin block. Finally, four/six rings (one in the distal part, two in the middle, and one in the proximal part) were positioned in each paraffin-block. Histochemical staining on slides with serial tissue sections was then performed: haematoxylin and eosin (HE) was used to evaluate tissue morphology, periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and Grocott Methenamine staining (GMS) to highlight fungi localization and host interaction, Giemsa, Alcian blue at various pH (1, 2.5, and 3.1) to evaluate hemocytes, and Feulgen staining to evaluate DNA. All histo-chemical stainings were performed according to standard laboratory protocols.14 Sagittally sectioned larvae were routinely paraffin-embedded.13 A distance of 50 µm was maintained between serial 4-micron-thick tissue sections of the two halves, and the slides were stained with haematoxylin and eosin.
The microscopic visualization has been performed using a Leica Microscope DMLB, and the image acquisition with the NanoZoomer-XR C12000 series (Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Tokio, Japan.).
Publication 2014
Alcian Blue Eosin Fixatives Formalin Fungi Hemocytes Insulin Larva Methenamine Microscopy Microtomy Paraffin Periodic Acid Sclerosis Stain, Giemsa Staining Syringes Tissues
Tissue blocks (n = 130) were stained with hematoxylin & eosin and Luxol fast blue–periodic acid Schiff myelin stain and inspected for exclusion of confounding pathology. Lesion staging based on earlier characterization1 (link) and was performed with immunohistochemistry for myelin of MS tissue blocks (n = 89). Demyelinating activity was evaluated by assessing myelin degradation products within lysosomes of macrophages.24 (link) For detection of total (ferrous and ferric) as well as ferrous nonheme iron, we applied diaminobenzidine (DAB)-enhanced Turnbull blue staining (Supplementary Materials and Methods).25 (link),26 (link) Immunohistochemistry using DAB as chromogen was performed as described.27 (link) All primary antibodies were incubated overnight at 4°C. Primary antibodies and antigen retrieval methods are listed in Table 2. Iron, ferritin, its subunit ferritin light polypeptide (FTL), hephaestin, and ceruloplasmin were detected on consecutive sections. Oligodendrocytes, microglia, and macrophage numbers were evaluated by analyzing sections stained for TPPP/p25, Iba-1, and CD68, respectively. Immunohistochemistry for oxidized phospholipids (E06 epitope) was performed as described.28 (link) Double and triple immunolabeling for light and confocal fluorescence microscopy are described in the Supplementary Materials and Methods.
Publication 2013
Antibodies Antigens azo rubin S Ceruloplasmin Eosin Epitopes Ferritin Fluorescence Immunohistochemistry Iron Light Luxol Fast Blue MBS Lysosomes Macrophage Microglia Microscopy, Confocal Microscopy, Fluorescence Myelin Sheath Oligodendroglia Periodic Acid Phospholipids Polypeptides Protein Subunits Tissues

Most recents protocols related to «Periodic Acid»

Authorizations for reporting these three cases were granted by the Eastern Ontario Regional Forensic Unit and the Laboratoire de Sciences Judiciaires et de Médecine Légale du Québec.
The sampling followed a relatively standardized protocol for all TBI cases: samples were collected from the cortex and underlying white matter of the pre-frontal gyrus, superior and middle frontal gyri, temporal pole, parietal and occipital lobes, deep frontal white matter, hippocampus, anterior and posterior corpus callosum with the cingula, lenticular nucleus, thalamus with the posterior limb of the internal capsule, midbrain, pons, medulla, cerebellar cortex and dentate nucleus. In some cases, gross pathology (e.g. contusions) mandated further sampling along with the dura and spinal cord if available. The number of available sections for these three cases was 26 for case1, and 24 for cases 2 and 3.
For the detection of ballooned neurons, all HE or HPS sections, including contusions, were screened at 200×.
Representative sections were stained with either hematoxylin–eosin (HE) or hematoxylin-phloxin-saffron (HPS). The following histochemical stains were used: iron, Luxol-periodic acid Schiff (Luxol-PAS) and Bielschowsky. The following antibodies were used for immunohistochemistry: glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (Leica, PA0026,ready to use), CD-68 (Leica, PA0073, ready to use), neurofilament 200 (NF200) (Leica, PA371, ready to use), beta-amyloid precursor-protein (β-APP) (Chemicon/Millipore, MAB348, 1/5000), αB-crystallin (EMD Millipore, MABN2552 1/1000), ubiquitin (Vector, 1/400), β-amyloid (Dako/Agilent, 1/100), tau protein (Thermo/Fisher, MN1020 1/2500), synaptophysin (Dako/Agilent, ready to use), TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) ((Protein Tech, 10,782-2AP, 1/50), fused in sarcoma binding protein (FUS) (Protein tech, 60,160–1-1 g, 1/100), and p62 (BD Transduc, 1/25). In our index cases, the following were used for the evaluation of TAI: β-APP, GFAP, CD68 and NF200; for the neurodegenerative changes: αB-crystallin, NF200, ubiquitin, tau protein, synaptophysin, TDP-43, FUS were used.
For the characterization of the ballooned neurons only, two cases of fronto-temporal lobar degeneration, FTLD-Tau, were used as controls. One was a female aged 72 who presented with speech difficulties followed by neurocognitive decline and eye movement abnormalities raising the possibility of Richardson’s disorder. The other was a male aged 67 who presented with a primary non-fluent aphasia progressing to fronto-temporal demαentia. In both cases, the morphological findings were characteristic of a corticobasal degeneration.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor Amyloid Proteins Antibodies Broca Aphasia Cloning Vectors Congenital Abnormality Contusions Corpus Callosum Cortex, Cerebellar Cortex, Cerebral Corticobasal Degeneration Crystallins Dura Mater Eosin Eye Abnormalities Eye Movements Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration FUBP1 protein, human Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Hematoxylin Immunohistochemistry Internal Capsule Iron Males Medial Frontal Gyrus Medulla Oblongata Mesencephalon Movement Movement Disorders neurofilament protein H Neurons Nucleus, Dentate Nucleus, Lenticular Occipital Lobe Periodic Acid phloxine Pons Proteins protein TDP-43, human RNA-Binding Protein FUS Saffron Sarcoma Seahorses Speech Spinal Cord Staining Synaptophysin Temporal Lobe Thalamus Ubiquitin White Matter Woman
The colonic segments were fixed in Methanol-Carnoy solution (methanol: chloroform: glacial acetic acid = 6:3:1), paraffin embedded and cut into serial 4 μm sections. Then, goblet cell staining was performed via Alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff staining according to the instructions. The pathologist, without knowledge of any experimental procedures, counted the number of goblet cells.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Acetic Acid Alcian Blue Chloroform Colon Goblet Cells methacarn Methanol Paraffin Pathologists Periodic Acid
Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining were performed as follows. The tissues were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and subsequently embedded in paraffin. Then, 4-μm-thick cross-sections were processed and stained with HE or PAS for morphological analysis.
Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining were performed as follows. Human or rat tissue was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, dehydrated, embedded in paraffin wax, and serially sectioned at a thickness of 4 μm. The sections were incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C. Subsequently, the sections were stained with fluorescent secondary antibodies. The nuclei were stained with DAPI (Invitrogen). The sections were imaged using a fluorescence microscope (Olympus BX53, Tokyo, Japan). A minimum of 5 random images from 3 samples were analyzed per group. Immunohistochemical statistical analysis was conducted with the Fromowitz comprehensive scoring method [30 (link)]. The details of the antibodies are listed in Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Antibodies Cell Nucleus DAPI Eosin Fluorescent Antibody Technique Homo sapiens Microscopy, Fluorescence Paraffin Paraffin Embedding paraform Periodic Acid Tissues
Kidneys and brains were fixed in 4% PFA/PBS, testes were fixed in Bouin’s fixative, and eyes and E18.5 embryos were fixed in Davidson’s fixative according to standard protocols. Tissues were serially dehydrated and embedded in paraffin. Microtome sections of 8 µm thickness were examined histologically via haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) or periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining.
For immunofluorescent analysis, paraffin sections were dewaxed and re-hydrated via ethanol series, followed by antigen retrieval by boiling the sections for 15 min in the microwave in citrate buffer. Sections were blocked in 10% donkey serum/0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS and primary antibodies were diluted in 1% donkey serum/PBS (Supplementary file 3). Slides were washed and incubated in Alexafluor conjugated secondary antibodies (Supplementary file 4), washed and mounted in ProLong Gold (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Antibodies Antigens Brain Buffers Citrates Embryo Eosin Equus asinus Ethanol Eye Fixatives Fluorescent Antibody Technique Gold Hematoxylin Kidney Microtomy Microwaves Paraffin Paraffin Embedding Periodic Acid Serum Testis Tissues Triton X-100
Five-micrometer consecutive sections of jejunal and ileal segments were prepared for morphological observations after staining with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). Ten representative and well-oriented villi and the associated crypt of each sample were selected for morphological observations using a Leica DMi8 optical microscope (Leica Corp., Weztlar, Germany). Villus height (VH) was ascertained by measuring distance from the apex of the villus until the junction of the villi and crypt [17 (link)]. Crypt depth (CD) was defined as the depth between the villus and the basal membrane. Accordingly, the villus height to crypt depth ratio (VCR) was calculated. Moreover, ten intact and neat rows of intestinal villi stained with periodic acid Schiff (PAS) were selected to image goblet cells (GC). The number of GC was quantified by counting the number of stained goblet cells per 100 μm length of villi and presented as the means per ten villi. The activities of mucosal sucrase, maltase, alkaline phosphatase, and Na+-K+ ATPase were determined colorimetrically via commercial kits (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China) according to the manufacturer’s protocols. These indices were normalized by the total protein contents of the intestinal mucosa, which were quantified using bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay kits (CWBiotech Co. Ltd., Beijing, China). Specific principles and operating procedure were inquired through the instruction manual of the kits.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Alkaline Phosphatase alpha Glucosidase bicinchoninic acid Biological Assay CFC1 protein, human Eosin Goblet Cells Hematoxylin Ileum Intestinal Mucosa Intestines Jejunum Light Microscopy Mucous Membrane Na(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase Periodic Acid Proteins Sucrase Tissue, Membrane

Top products related to «Periodic Acid»

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, France
Schiff's reagent is a laboratory chemical used in various analytical and diagnostic applications. It is a solution composed of fuchsin, sulfurous acid, and hydrochloric acid. The primary function of Schiff's reagent is to detect the presence of aldehydes, which can be used to identify certain organic compounds and biomolecules.
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom
Periodic acid is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It is a strong oxidizing agent that can be used for the detection and quantification of certain organic compounds. The primary function of periodic acid is to cleave carbon-carbon bonds in specific molecules, making it a useful tool for analytical and synthetic chemistry.
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Japan, Germany
Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) is a histochemical staining technique used in laboratory settings. It is designed to detect the presence of certain carbohydrates, particularly glycogen and mucopolysaccharides, in biological samples. The PAS reaction involves the oxidation of these carbohydrates by periodic acid, followed by the subsequent reaction with Schiff's reagent, which results in the formation of a characteristic purple-magenta color.
Sourced in United States, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Hungary, Singapore, Canada, Switzerland
Image-Pro Plus 6.0 is a comprehensive image analysis software package designed for scientific and industrial applications. It provides a wide range of tools for image capture, enhancement, measurement, analysis, and reporting.
Sourced in Japan, United States, Germany, Italy, Denmark, United Kingdom, Canada, France, China, Australia, Austria, Portugal, Belgium, Panama, Spain, Switzerland, Sweden, Poland
The BX51 microscope is an optical microscope designed for a variety of laboratory applications. It features a modular design and offers various illumination and observation methods to accommodate different sample types and research needs.
Sourced in United States, Germany
Schiff reagent is a chemical compound used in analytical chemistry and biochemistry. It is a colorless solution that turns pink or purple when exposed to aldehydes, making it useful for the detection and identification of these compounds.
Sourced in United States
Periodic acid solution is a laboratory reagent used in various analytical and synthetic chemistry procedures. It is a clear, colorless liquid containing periodic acid (HIO4) dissolved in water. The primary function of this solution is to serve as an oxidizing agent in organic synthesis and analytical techniques. Specific applications and usage instructions should be obtained from the manufacturer or relevant scientific literature.
Sourced in United States, Malaysia
The Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) kit is a laboratory reagent used for the detection of carbohydrates and glycoproteins in histological samples. The kit contains the necessary components to perform the PAS staining method, which is a widely used technique in pathology and histology.
Sourced in Japan, United States, Germany, China, France, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Italy
The Eclipse 80i is a microscope designed for laboratory use. It features an infinity-corrected optical system and offers a range of illumination options. The Eclipse 80i is capable of various imaging techniques, including phase contrast and brightfield microscopy.
Sourced in United States, Germany, China, Japan, United Kingdom, Macao, India, Denmark, Australia, France, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe, Poland, Israel, Spain, Sweden, Brazil, Canada
Hematoxylin is a natural dye extracted from the wood of the Logwood tree (Haematoxylum campechianum). It is a commonly used stain in histology and microscopy for the staining of cell nuclei, providing a deep blue-purple color. Hematoxylin is considered a progressive stain, requiring the use of a mordant, such as aluminum salts, to create the desired staining effect.

More about "Periodic Acid"

Periodic acid, a strong oxidizing agent, is a versatile tool in biochemical and analytical research.
It is commonly used to cleave carbon-carbon bonds in carbohydrates, glycoproteins, and other biomolecules, facilitating their structural analysis.
Optimizing the use of periodic acid in your research can be streamlined with AI-driven platforms like PubCompare.ai.
This innovative tool helps you easily locate the best protocols and products by comparing data from literature, pre-prints, and patents.
The intelligent features of PubCompare.ai can assist you in identifying the most effective methods and making informed decisions, ultimately streamlining your research and achieving better results.
In addition to periodic acid, related reagents such as Schiff's reagent and the Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) staining technique are also widely used in various applications.
Schiff's reagent, a colorimetric indicator, is often employed in conjunction with periodic acid to detect the presence of aldehydes and carbohydrates.
The PAS staining method, which utilizes periodic acid to oxidize carbohydrates, is a common histochemical technique used to visualize the presence and distribution of polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and other biomolecules in tissue samples.
Specialized imaging software like Image-Pro Plus 6.0 and microscopes like the BX51 and Eclipse 80i are commonly used in conjunction with PAS staining to capture and analyze the stained samples.
By leveraging the power of PubCompare.ai and staying up-to-date with the latest advancements in periodic acid research, you can ensure that your studies are conducted using the most effective and efficient techniques, ultimately leading to improved research outcomes and breakthroughs.