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Ringer's Solution

Ringer's Solution is a balanced electrolyte solution commonly used in medical and research settings.
It contains a mixture of sodium, potassium, and chloride ions, mimicking the composition of extracellular fluid.
This isotonic solution is often employed for fluid resuscitation, intravenous administration, and maintaining physiological homeostasis.
Ringer's Solution is a versatile tool in a variety of medical and scientific applications, including critical care, surgery, and cell culture experiments.

Most cited protocols related to «Ringer's Solution»

1
Endothelial Cell Permeability Assay
Cited 27 times
Prior to the experiments, HEPES-buffered Ringer’s solution (in some cases EBM-2 medium) was added to empty wells of a 12-well plate (Costar). Filter inserts, containing confluent monolayers of CD34+-ECs, were subsequently placed in the 12-well plate, filled with compound solution containing the fluorescent integrity marker Lucifer Yellow (20 µM; Life Technologies), and then placed on an orbital shaker. After 1 h, filter inserts were withdrawn from the receiver compartment. Aliquots from the donor solution were taken at the beginning and at the end of the experiments and the fluorescence was quantified. At least three inserts with cells and three without cells were tested in each permeability measurement. Fluorescence detection was carried out on a Synergy H1 multiplates reader (Biotek) using the following excitation/emission wavelength (nm) settings: 432/538; 490/516; 542/570 for Lucifer yellow, Fluorescein Na and Cy3-Human Serum Albumin and Human IgG respectively.
To obtain a concentration-independent transport parameter, the clearance principle was used. The increment in cleared volume was calculated by dividing the amount of compound in the receiver compartment by the drug concentration in the donor compartment [7] (link). The volume cleared was plotted versus time and the slope estimated by linear regression analysis. The slope of the clearance curve with inserts alone and inserts with cells is equal to PSf and PSt, respectively, where PS (microliters/minute) is the permeability surface area (square centimeter) product. The PS-value for endothelial monolayer (PSe) was calculated. To generate the endothelial permeability coefficient, Pe (cm/min), the PSe value was divided by the surface area of the filter (A in cm2) insert using the following equation: Pe = [1/PSt−1/PSf]−1/A. To assess possible adsorption to plastics and non-specific binding to cells, the mass balance (%) was calculated from the amount of compound recovered in both compartments at the end of the experiment divided by the total amount added in the donor compartment at time zero. For Pe determination, mass balance value should be between 80% and 120%.
Cecchelli R., Aday S., Sevin E., Almeida C., Culot M., Dehouck L., Coisne C., Engelhardt B., Dehouck M.P, & Ferreira L. (2014). A Stable and Reproducible Human Blood-Brain Barrier Model Derived from Hematopoietic Stem Cells. PLoS ONE, 9(6), e99733.
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Publication 2014
Adsorption Cells Endothelium Fluorescein Fluorescence HEPES Homo sapiens lucifer yellow Permeability Pharmaceutical Preparations Ringer's Solution Serum Albumin, Human Tissue Donors
2
Radioisotope Tracing of Calcium Transport
Cited 17 times
The starting concentration of the radioisotope in the hemolymph half chamber (DPM ⋅ l–1) was divided by the concentration of Ca2+ (10 mM) in the Ringer solution to give the specific activity in DPM ⋅ (mmol Ca2+)–1.
The amount of DPM from the 45Ca accumulated in the shell half chamber at each time point was multiplied by 80 to achieve the total DPM in the 4 ml volume. The total amount of Ca2+ (mM) transferred across the OME was then calculated from the total DPM using the specific activity according to Eq. 2.
The slope of the Ca2+ accumulation across 90 min was determined and the transport rate was expressed as nM ⋅ min–1.
The permeability of the paracellular pathways was described by the apparent permeability (Papp) of 3H-mannitol across the OME, which was calculated using Eq. 3
in which dQ ⋅ dt–1 describes the appearance of 3H-mannitol on the shell side (mol ⋅ s–1), Ac the surface area of the chamber opening (0.75 cm2) and C0 the initial concentration of 3H-mannitol on the hemolymph side (mol ⋅ ml–1).
Sillanpää J.K., Cardoso J.C., Félix R.C., Anjos L., Power D.M, & Sundell K. (2020). Dilution of Seawater Affects the Ca2 + Transport in the Outer Mantle Epithelium of Crassostrea gigas. Frontiers in Physiology, 11, 1.
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Publication 2020
1-(2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl)-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine Hemolymph Mannitol Permeability Radioisotopes Ringer's Solution
3
Gut Microbiome Transplantation in Mice
Cited 15 times
Mice were divided in six groups of six mice. Colonization was achieved by intragastric gavage with 200 μl of inoculum once per day for three consecutive days. The experimental design and the different groups are summarized in Figure 1A. The control group was comprised of 3-week old SPF mice (SPF3w) gavaged with Ringer’s solution containing L-cysteine. A group of 3-week old and a group of 8-week old SPF mice were inoculated without prior treatment and were respectively designated as SPF 3-week recipients (SPF3w-r) and SPF 8-week recipients (SPF8w-r). A group of 3-week old SPF mice was subjected to a bowel cleansing with 1.2 ml of PEG solution before the inoculation of Lepob fecal microbiota and is later referred as PEG-recipients (PEG-r). PEG solution contained PEG 3350 (77.5 g/L), sodium chloride (1.9 g/L), sodium sulfate (7.4 g/L), potassium chloride (0.98 g/L) and sodium bicarbonate (2.2 g/L) diluted in sterile tap water and was divided in five equal doses that were administered by oral gavage at 30 min intervals after a 2 h fast. Lepob fecal microbiota transfer was performed 6 h after the last PEG administration. The endogenous intestinal microbiota of a last group of 3-week old SPF mice was depleted by gavage with broad spectrum antibiotics over 7 days (Reikvam et al., 2011 (link)). The antibiotics solution consisted of ampicillin, neomycin, metronidazole and vancomycin diluted in sterile water. Mice received 200 mg/kg of ampicillin, neomycin and metronidazole and 100 mg/kg of vancomycin once a day. After 7 days, the residual luminal microbiota and the antibiotics were flushed out using 1.5 ml of PEG solution. The PEG solution and the inoculum were prepared and administered as previously described and provided 24 h after the last antibiotics gavage. This group is later referred as antibiotics and PEG-treated recipients (AbxPEG-r). Eight-week old GF mice were inoculated with Lepob fecal microbiota immediately after the opening of their sterile shipping container. This group is later referred as Germ-Free-recipients (GF-r). Mice were transferred into clean cages several times over the course of bowel cleansing treatment and Lepob fecal microbiota administration.
Le Roy T., Debédat J., Marquet F., Da-Cunha C., Ichou F., Guerre-Millo M., Kapel N., Aron-Wisnewsky J, & Clément K. (2019). Comparative Evaluation of Microbiota Engraftment Following Fecal Microbiota Transfer in Mice Models: Age, Kinetic and Microbial Status Matter. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, 3289.
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Publication 2018
Ampicillin Antibiotics, Antitubercular Bicarbonate, Sodium Cysteine Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Feces Intestinal Microbiome Intestines Metronidazole Mice, House Neomycin Phenobarbital polyethylene glycol 300 polyethylene glycol 3350 Potassium Chloride Ringer's Solution Sodium Chloride sodium sulfate Sterility, Reproductive Tube Feeding Vaccination Vancomycin
4
Electrophysiology of Olfactory Bulb Slices
Cited 10 times

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Publication 2010
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid Action Potentials Adenosine Triphosphate, Magnesium Salt Alexa594 Bath Bicarbonate, Sodium carbogen Cold Temperature Extracellular Fluid Fluorescent Dyes gabazine gluconate Glucose HEPES Hydrazide Inositol Magnesium Chloride Molecular Probes Mus Olfactory Bulb Pharmaceutical Preparations Phosphocreatine Potassium Protoplasm Pyruvate Ringer's Solution Sodium Sodium Chloride Sucrose Tandem Mass Spectrometry
5
Xenopus Oocyte Isolation and Injection
Cited 10 times
Stage V–VI oocytes were isolated from adult female Xenopus laevis (Nasco) by partial ovariectomy under Tricaine (1% solution) anaesthesia and were defolliculated by treatment at room temperature (21–23°C) for up to 2 h, with ∼2 mg/ml collagenase (Type II; Worthington Biochemicals or Type I; GIBCO BRL) in nominally Ca2+-free oocyte Ringer's solution containing (mM): 82.5 NaCl, 2 KCl, 1 MgCl2, 5 HEPES, pH 7.5). Defolliculated oocytes were rinsed extensively with Ca2+-free Ringer's (three to five washes, 50-ml each), and then incubated at 18°C for several hours in Ringer's with 1.8 mM Ca2+ and 50 μg/ml gentamycin (GIBCO BRL) before they were pressure-injected (nanojet; Drummond Scientific) with cRNAs. Injection pipettes were pulled (PP83; Narishige) from glass capillaries (3-000-203-G/X; Drummond Scientific) and their tips were broken to an internal diameter of 10–20 μm. Usually, and unless otherwise specified, 2.5 ng of each cRNA, premixed if for coexpression, in a constant total volume of 50 nl, were injected per oocyte. Injected oocytes were further incubated at 18°C for 2–3 d before they were used for recording or for preparation of membranes.
Chan K.W., Csanády L., Seto-Young D., Nairn A.C, & Gadsby D.C. (2000). Severed Molecules Functionally Define the Boundaries of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator's Nh2-Terminal Nucleotide Binding Domain. The Journal of General Physiology, 116(2), 163-180.
Publication 2000
Anesthesia Capillaries Collagenase Complementary RNA Gentamicin HEPES Magnesium Chloride Oocytes Ovariectomy Pressure Ringer's Solution Sodium Chloride Tissue, Membrane tricaine Woman Xenopus laevis

Most recents protocols related to «Ringer's Solution»

1
Tyrode and Extracellular Solutions for Voltage-Clamp Experiments
Tyrode solution contained (in mM) 140 NaCl, 5 KCl, 2.5 CaCl2, 2 MgCl2, and 10 HEPES. The standard extracellular solution for voltage-clamp experiments contained (in mM) 140 TEA-methane-sulfonate, 2.5 CaCl2, 2 MgCl2, 1 4-aminopyridine, 10 HEPES, and 0.002 tetrodotoxin. For the experiments described in Figs. 1 and 2, the extracellular solution also contained 0.33% DMSO. The standard pipette solution contained (in mM) 120 K-glutamate, 5 Na2-ATP, 5 Na2-phosphocreatine, 5.5 MgCl2, 5 glucose, and 5 HEPES. For measurements of rhod-2 Ca2+ transients, it also contained 15 EGTA, 6 CaCl2, and 0.1 rhod-2. For measurements with fluo-4, isolated muscle fibers were incubated for 30 min in the presence of Tyrode solution containing 10 μM fluo-4 AM. All solutions were adjusted to pH 7.20. The Ringer solution used for muscle force measurements contained (in mM) 140 NaCl, 6 KCl, 3 CaCl2, 2 MgCl2, and 10 HEPES, adjusted to pH 7.40.
Probenecid was prepared as a 0.3 M aliquoted stock solution in DMSO and used in the extracellular solution at 0.5, 1, or 2 mM. Carbenoxolone was prepared as a 10 mM stock solution in the extracellular solution and used at 0.1 mM. These concentrations were chosen on the basis of their effectiveness and wide use to block Panx1 channels throughout the literature (e.g., Dahl et al., 2013 (link)). When testing the effect of either probenecid or carbenoxolone using the preincubation protocol (Figs. 1 and 2), fibers were bathed in the drug-containing extracellular solution from the beginning of the intracellular dialysis with the rhod-2-containing solution (i.e., 30 min before taking measurements). The 10panx1 peptide and the scrambled control peptide (10panx1SCr) were tested under the same conditions at 200 µM while the P2Y2 antagonist AR-C 118925XX was tested at 10 µM. All chemicals and drugs were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, except for tetrodotoxin (Alomone Labs), rhod-2 and fluo-4 (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and AR-C 118925XX (TOCRIS—Bio-Techne).
In vitro fluorescence measurements using droplets of a solution containing (in mM) 120 K-glutamate, 10 HEPES, 15 EGTA, 6 CaCl2, and 0.1 rhod-2, with or without probenecid, showed that fluorescence intensity in the presence of 1 mM probenecid corresponded to 1.09 ± 0.12% (n = 6) the intensity in the absence of probenecid, excluding an interaction of the drug with the dye to explain the effect on resting fluorescence in muscle fibers.
Jaque-Fernandez F., Allard B., Monteiro L., Lafoux A., Huchet C., Jaimovich E., Berthier C, & Jacquemond V. (2023). Probenecid affects muscle Ca2+ homeostasis and contraction independently from pannexin channel block. The Journal of General Physiology, 155(4), e202213203.
Publication 2023
Aminopyridines Carbenoxolone Cardiac Arrest Dialysis Solutions Drug Interactions Egtazic Acid Figs Fluo 4 Fluorescence Glucose Glutamate HEPES Magnesium Chloride methanesulfonate Muscle Tissue P2RY2 protein, human Peptides Pharmaceutical Preparations Phosphocreatine Probenecid Protoplasm rhod-2 Ringer's Solution Sodium Chloride Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Tetrodotoxin Transients Tyrode's solution
2
Probenecid Effects on Isolated Muscle Force
Electrically stimulated isolated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were used to assess the effect of probenecid on force development. For this, 8-wk-old OF1 male mice were anesthetized by isoflurane inhalation and killed by cervical dislocation, and EDL muscles were removed. Force measurements were performed using the 1205A Isolated Muscle System from Aurora Scientific. The EDL muscle was mounted in the experimental chamber in the presence of air-bubbled Ringer solution (see Solutions) maintained at 25°C. The muscle was stretched to the optimum length for the production of maximum isometric twitch force triggered by a supra-maximum 0.2-ms-long electrical stimulation. From this time point, the muscle was repeatedly stimulated by a series of five such electrical stimulations applied at 0.1 Hz, every 5 min, throughout the experiment. Force measurements were performed in response to 60 Hz supramaximum tetanic trains of stimulations of 0.5 s total duration, applied every 15 min. Following the first tetanic response, the Ringer solution was exchanged for the DMSO-containing Ringer with or without probenecid. Force values were normalized by the weight of the muscle.
Jaque-Fernandez F., Allard B., Monteiro L., Lafoux A., Huchet C., Jaimovich E., Berthier C, & Jacquemond V. (2023). Probenecid affects muscle Ca2+ homeostasis and contraction independently from pannexin channel block. The Journal of General Physiology, 155(4), e202213203.
Publication 2023
Electricity Inhalation Isoflurane Joint Dislocations Males Mus Muscle Tissue Neck Probenecid Ringer's Solution Stimulations, Electric Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Toxoid, Tetanus
3
HepG2 Cell Proliferation and Viability Assays
For all cell assays, HepG2 at passages below 10 were seeded in the gel at a final concentration of 1 × 106 cells/ml and experiments carried out for n = 3. Proliferation of HepG2 in culture was assessed with a CellTiter Blue assay (Promega Corporation, Fitchburg, United States of America). 100 µl of medium with 20 µl CellTiter Blue were added to each well and incubated at 37°C for 3 h. Fluorescence intensity of the supernatant was read with an Infinite M Plex plate reader (Tecan Group AG, Männedorf, Switzerland). Cell viability was determined by staining for live cells with fluorescein diacetate (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, United States of America) and dead cells with propidium iodide (Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany) (1:60 diluted in Ringer’s solution). Quantification of viable and dead cells was done in ImageJ (see Supplementary Figure S3).
For the analysis of live cell morphology inside the gels, HepG2 were incubated with 2 µM CellTracker™ Green CMFDA Dye (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Waltham, United States of America) per 10 × 106 cells for 30 min before seeding. Cells retained their fluorescence signal and passed it on to daughter cells for up to 7 days. Before immunofluorescence stains, cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany) for 15 min and permeabilized with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS (Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany) for 10 min. Actin filaments were stained for 30 min with Alexa Fluor 488 Phalloidin (1:400 dilution in PBS) (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Waltham, United States of America) and nuclei for 3 min with DAPI (1:800 dilution in PBS) (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, United States of America).
Fritschen A., Acedo Mestre M., Scholpp S, & Blaeser A. (2023). Influence of the physico-chemical bioink composition on the printability and cell biological properties in 3D-bioprinting of a liver tumor cell line. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 11, 1093101.
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Publication 2023
2-(2-(2-chloro-3-(2-(3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfo-1-(4-sulfo-butyl)-3H-indol-2-yl)-vinyl)-cyclohex-2-enylidene)-ethylidene)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(4-sulfo-butyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-5-carboxylic acid 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate alexa fluor 488 Biological Assay Cell Nucleus Cells Cell Survival DAPI Daughter diacetylfluorescein Fluorescence Gels Immunofluorescence Microfilaments paraform Phalloidine Promega Propidium Iodide Ringer's Solution Staining Technique, Dilution Triton X-100
4
Murine HUS Model for Therapeutic Evaluation
The induction of murine HUS by repetitive doses of Stx purified from an O157:H7 EHEC strain 86-24 patient isolate was performed as described previously (18 (link)). Male C57BL/6J wild-type mice aged 10-14 weeks were randomly assigned to one of six groups (sham + vehicle; HUS + vehicle; sham + ibrutinib; HUS + ibrutinib; sham + acalabrutinib; HUS + acalabrutinib) (n = 16 per group). Briefly, mice received low doses of Stx (25 ng/kg BW in 0.9% NaCl; HUS groups) or 0.9% NaCl (sham groups) i.v. on day 0, 3 and 6 and BTKi treatment (ibrutinib, acalabrutinib or vehicle) every 24 h p.o. starting immediately after initial Stx injection. For fluid resuscitation, mice received 800 µl Ringer’s Lactate solution subcutaneously three times daily. Body weight was monitored daily and disease progression was evaluated three times daily using an established HUS score (Supplementary Table S1), in which the disease severity was categorized from 1 = no signs of illness to 5 = dead. Survival was monitored up to day 7 using humane endpoints (18 (link), 19 (link)). Animals were exsanguinated in deep anesthesia (100 mg/kg ketamine; 10 mg/kg xylazine) and perfused with 0.9% NaCl. All in vivo experiments were approved by the regional animal welfare committee and the Thuringian State Office for Consumer Protection (registration number UKJ-20-018) and were performed in accordance with German legislation and the approved guidelines.
Kröller S., Wissuwa B., Dennhardt S., Krieg N., Thiemermann C., Daniel C., Amann K., Gunzer F, & Coldewey S.M. (2023). Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibition attenuates disease progression by reducing renal immune cell invasion in mice with hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Frontiers in Immunology, 14, 1105181.
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Publication 2023
acalabrutinib Anesthesia Animals Body Weight Disease Progression Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli ibrutinib Ketamine Lactated Ringer's Solution Lactates Males Mice, House Mice, Inbred C57BL Mus Normal Saline Patients Resuscitation Ringer's Solution Strains Xylazine
5
Theta Tube-Based Rapid Solution Exchange
Cells were subjected to a continuous slow bath flow of Ringer’s solution. The fresh external Ringer’s solution was supplied to the chamber by the valve-controlled gravity perfusion system VC3-4CLG from ALA Scientific Instruments (Farmingdale, New York). This supplied solution was simultaneously sucked out by the vacuum pump system DR 4-000-007 from Drummond Scientific Company (Broomall, Pennsylvania). The external Ringer’s solution exchange for drug treatment was accomplished by a theta tube moved laterally by a step-driven motor (SF-77C) from Warner Instruments (Holliston, Massachusetts) and was complete within 20 ms. The external Ringer’s solution used for FRET and confocal imaging contained the following (in mM): 160 NaCl, 2.5 KCl, 2 CaCl2, 1 MgCl2, 10 HEPES, and 8 glucose, adjusted to pH 7.4 with NaOH. The pipette solution for FRET under the normal GTP concentration (0.1 mM) condition contained the following (in mM): 175 KCl, 5 MgCl2, 5 HEPES, 0.1 BAPTA, 3 Na2ATP, and 0.1 Na3GTP, adjusted to pH 7.4 with KOH. For the case of the GTP depletion condition, the 0.1 mM Na3GTP was substituted with 1 mM GDPβS. For the case of the nonhydrolyzable GTP analog experiments, the 0.1 mM GTP was substituted with 0.1 mM GTPγS. When using Oxo-M as an agonist, a concentration of 10 μM was used. Oxo-M, Ach and poly-l-lysine were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri). DMEM, Lipofectamine-2000, and penicillin/streptomycin were from Invitrogen (Waltham, Massachusetts). Fetal bovine serum was from Gemini Bio-Products (West Sacramento, California). YM-254890 was from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, Michigan).
Kim Y.S., Yeon J.H., Ko W, & Suh B.C. (2023). Two-step structural changes in M3 muscarinic receptor activation rely on the coupled Gq protein cycle. Nature Communications, 14, 1276.
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Publication 2023
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid Bath Caimans Cells Fetal Bovine Serum Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Glucose Gravity guanosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) HEPES lipofectamine 2000 Lysine Magnesium Chloride Penicillins Perfusion Pharmaceutical Preparations Poly A Ringer's Solution Sodium Chloride Streptomycin Vacuum YM-254890

Top products related to «Ringer's Solution»

1
Fura 2 am by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, France, Spain, Australia, Japan, China, Canada, Belgium, Austria, Hungary, Macao
Fura-2 AM is a fluorescent calcium indicator used for measuring intracellular calcium levels. It is a cell-permeable derivative of the parent compound Fura-2. Fura-2 AM can be loaded into cells, where intracellular esterases cleave off the acetoxymethyl (AM) ester group, trapping the Fura-2 indicator inside the cell.
2
Ringer s solution by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, Italy
Ringer's solution is a balanced electrolyte solution used in various laboratory and medical applications. It contains a mixture of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride dissolved in water, mimicking the ionic composition of body fluids.
3
Ringer s solution by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United Kingdom, Italy
Ringer's solution is an isotonic electrolyte solution commonly used in laboratory settings. It contains a balanced mixture of sodium, potassium, and calcium ions, resembling the composition of human extracellular fluid. The primary function of Ringer's solution is to maintain the osmotic balance and ionic homeostasis of cells and tissues in various experimental and research applications.
4
Fluo 4 am by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, China, France, Spain, Italy, Sweden, Japan, Switzerland, Belgium, Australia, Austria, Finland, New Zealand
Fluo-4 AM is a fluorescent calcium indicator used for the detection and measurement of intracellular calcium levels. It functions by binding to calcium ions, which results in an increase in fluorescence intensity. This product is commonly used in various cell-based assays and research applications involving calcium signaling.
5
Pclamp 10 by Molecular Devices
Sourced in United States, Germany, Canada, United Kingdom, China, Australia
PClamp 10 software is a data acquisition and analysis platform for electrophysiology research. It provides tools for recording, analyzing, and visualizing electrical signals from cells and tissues.
6
Ringer solution by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, Switzerland
Ringer solution is a sterile, isotonic saline solution used in laboratory settings. It is composed of specific concentrations of sodium, potassium, and calcium chlorides. Ringer solution is commonly used to maintain the physiological balance of electrolytes in cell cultures and other in vitro applications.
7
Ms 222 by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Spain, China, United Kingdom, Sao Tome and Principe, France, Denmark, Italy, Canada, Japan, Macao, Belgium, Switzerland, Sweden, Australia
MS-222 is a chemical compound commonly used as a fish anesthetic in research and aquaculture settings. It is a white, crystalline powder that can be dissolved in water to create a sedative solution for fish. The primary function of MS-222 is to temporarily immobilize fish, allowing for safe handling, examination, or other procedures to be performed. This product is widely used in the scientific community to facilitate the study and care of various fish species.
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Bovine serum albumin (bsa) by Merck Group
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Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a common laboratory reagent derived from bovine blood plasma. It is a protein that serves as a stabilizer and blocking agent in various biochemical and immunological applications. BSA is widely used to maintain the activity and solubility of enzymes, proteins, and other biomolecules in experimental settings.
9
Axopatch 200b by Molecular Devices
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, France
The Axopatch 200B is a high-performance patch-clamp amplifier designed for electrophysiological research. It is capable of recording and amplifying small electrical signals from cells and tissues with high precision and low noise.
10
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) by Merck Group
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DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.

More about "Ringer's Solution"

Ringer's Solution is a widely used, isotonic electrolyte solution that mimics the composition of extracellular fluid.
This balanced saline mixture, containing sodium, potassium, and chloride ions, is a versatile tool in various medical and scientific applications.
From fluid resuscitation and intravenous administration to maintaining physiological homeostasis and supporting cell culture experiments, Ringer's Solution plays a crucial role.
Closely related to Ringer's Solution are other essential tools like Fura-2 AM, a fluorescent calcium indicator used to measure intracellular calcium levels, and Fluo-4 AM, another calcium-sensitive dye.
The PClamp 10 software is often utilized for electrophysiological data acquisition and analysis, while MS-222 is a common anesthetic used in animal research.
Bovine serum albumin, a protein commonly used in cell culture media, and the Axopatch 200B, a patch-clamp amplifier, are also frequently encountered in experiments involving Ringer's Solution.
Whether you're working in critical care, surgery, or conducting cell culture studies, understanding the properties and applications of Ringer's Solution and its related tools can greatly enhance your research protocols.
Discover the power of PubCompare.ai, the AI-powered platform that helps you efforltessly locate and compare Ringer's Solution protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, allowing you to make informed decisions and streamline your research efforts.