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Sodium borate

Sodium borate, also known as borax, is a naturally occurring mineral compound composed of sodium, boron, and oxygen.
It has a wide range of applications in industrial and household products, including as a water softener, detergent, and insecticide.
Sodium borate is also used in the production of glass, ceramics, and enamels.
Researchers interested in the properties and uses of this versatile compound can leverage PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform to easily locate the best protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, optimizing their research on sodium borate.
PubCompare.ai's cutting-edg tools enable seamless, reproducible research in this area.

Most cited protocols related to «Sodium borate»

1
Immunohistochemical Staining of Tumor Tissue
Cited 269 times
Standard IHC protocol was followed to stain the tumor tissue samples using the mouse monoclonal antibody against hNIS (human Sodium Iodide Symporter) (Abcam, ab17795), ER (Estrogen Receptor) (Abcam, ab16660, ab288). Briefly, 5 µm sized paraffin embedded tissue sections were de-paraffinized with xylene and endogenous peroxidase activity was quenched with 3% H2O2 in methanol for 30 minutes in the dark. Tissue sections were dehydrated through graded alcohols and subjected to antigen retrieval using 10mM sodium citrate. Sections were washed with TBST (Tris Borate Saline Tween-20) and then blocked with 5% BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) for one hour. Slides were incubated with the respective mouse monoclonal primary antibody diluted with TBS. Slides were then washed for 5 minutes in TBST and incubated for 1 hour with the respective HRP (Horse Raddish Peroxidase) conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody diluted with TBS in a ratio of 1∶200. After washing, slides were incubated with DAB (3,3′-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride) (Sigma) and immediately washed under tap water after color development. Slides were then counter stained with hematoxylin. Slides were mounted with DPX (dibutyl phthalate xylene) and were then observed under a light microscope (Carl Zeiss).
Varghese F., Bukhari A.B., Malhotra R, & De A. (2014). IHC Profiler: An Open Source Plugin for the Quantitative Evaluation and Automated Scoring of Immunohistochemistry Images of Human Tissue Samples. PLoS ONE, 9(5), e96801.
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Publication 2014
Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic Antigens Borates Equus caballus estrogen receptor alpha, human Ethanol Homo sapiens Light Microscopy Methanol Monoclonal Antibodies Mus Neoplasms Paraffin Peroxidase Peroxide, Hydrogen Phthalate, Dibutyl Saline Solution Serum Albumin, Bovine SLC5A5 protein, human Sodium Citrate Stains Tissues Tromethamine Tween 20 Xylene
2
Immunohistochemical Staining of Thick Tissue Sections
Cited 32 times
Clarified 500-µm-thick blocks were incubated at 37 °C for 1 day in 0.1% (wt/vol) Triton X-100, primary antibody (dilution, 1:50–1:100) and 1M sodium borate buffer solution, pH 8.5, followed by wash at 37 °C for 12 h with 0.1% (wt/vol) Triton X-100 and 1M sodium borate buffer, pH 8.5. The tissue was then incubated at 37 °C for 1 day in 0.1% (wt/vol) Triton X-100, secondary antibody (dilution, 1:50–1:100) and 1M sodium borate buffer solution, pH 8.5, followed by wash at 37 °C for 12 h with 0.1% (wt/vol) Triton X-100 and 1 M sodium borate buffer, pH 8.5.
Chung K., Wallace J., Kim S.Y., Kalyanasundaram S., Andalman A.S., Davidson T.J., Mirzabekov J.J., Zalocusky K.A., Mattis J., Denisin A.K., Pak S., Bernstein H., Ramakrishnan C., Grosenick L., Gradinaru V, & Deisseroth K. (2013). Structural and molecular interrogation of intact biological systems. Nature, 497(7449), 332-337.
Publication 2013
Buffers Immunoglobulins sodium borate Technique, Dilution Tissues Triton X-100
3
Activated Sepharose Beads for Antibody Coupling
Cited 18 times
This recipe makes approximately 8 ml of activated beads. Use 2mg antibody per ml of activated beads. This prep of activated beads should preferably be used directly for antibody coupling. Due to inactivation, the activated beads should be used within 6 hours.

Dialyze purified Rho1D4 for a minimum of 8 h in 3 × 500ml 20mM sodium borate pH 8.0 at 4°C. Check concentration of antibody after dialysis (mg antibody/ml = Absorbance (at 280nm) ÷ 1.3).

Wash 8 ml Sepharose 2B with several changes of ddH20 by low speed centrifugation. After the final wash resuspend the beads in 8 ml ddH20 and pour the beads in a 50ml glass beaker containing a small stir bar.

Set up pH meter in fume hood. Place the beads on a magnetic stirrer and while gently stirring at room temperature add small amounts of 0.2N NaOH until solution is stable at pH 10.

In the fume hood weigh out 0.15g CNBr and add to beads with continuous gentle stirring while maintaining the pH between 10 and 11 with 0.2N NaOH for about 30 minutes at which time the pH should become relatively stable.

Add 40 ml of ice cold 20mM sodium borate buffer to the beads. Wash by low speed centrifugation with cold 40 ml borate 4 times to remove any excess CNBr.

Resuspend beads in 15ml sodium borate buffer and keep on ice for 5 min. Centrifuge down beads and determine the approximate amount of packed beads present (Since some of the beads get lost during the activation and centrifugation steps, the amount of beads present may be less than the starting amount). Add RhoD4 antibody (2mg/ml beads) to the beads with gentle stirring (see Note 2). It is best to perform this incubation in a tube that holds approximately the volume of beads and antibody combined to keep beads from drying out. Gently rock beads for 4 h at 4°C. Do not leave beads incubating overnight as this will cause the antibody to aggregate resulting in a loss in column efficiency.

To determine percentage of Rho1D4 bound to beads measure the absorbance of the supernatant at a wavelength of 280nm after low speed centrifugation of the beads. The absorbance should be reduced by 80–95% indicating efficient coupling of the antibody to the beads. (see Note 3)

The coupling reaction is stopped by the addition of TBS pH8.0 containing 0.05M glycine followed by low speed centrifugation. The immunoaffinity matrix is washed twice with the same buffer and once in TBS alone. The matrix is stored in TBS pH8.0, 0.01% NaN3 at 4°C. The matrix should not be frozen as this can cause an inactivation of the antibody and disruption of the matrix structure.

Molday L.L, & Molday R.S. (2014). 1D4 – A Versatile Epitope Tag for the Purification and Characterization of Expressed Membrane and Soluble Proteins. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 1177, 1-15.
Publication 2014
4
Tyramide Signal Amplification in Planarians
Cited 14 times
Tyramide conjugates were synthesized as described [49 (link)] from N-hydroxy-succinimidyl-esters of 5/6-carboxyfluorescein (Pierce), 5-(and-6)-carboxytetramethylrhodamine (Molecular Probes), DyLight 633 (Pierce), and 6-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) amino hexanoic acid (Molecular probes). Tyramide signal amplification was performed by incubating planarians for 10 min in fluorophore-conjugated tyramide diluted 1:250–1:500 in 100 mM borate buffer pH 8.5, 2 M NaCl, 0.003% H2O2, and 20 μg/ml 4-iodophenylboronic acid. For double FISH experiments, residual peroxidase activity was quenched by incubating for 45 minutes in 100 mM glycine pH 2.0 or in PBSTx containing either 2% H2O2, 4% formaldehyde, or 100 mM sodium azide.
King R.S, & Newmark P.A. (2013). In situ hybridization protocol for enhanced detection of gene expression in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. BMC Developmental Biology, 13, 8.
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Publication 2013
Acids Amino Acids Borates Buffers carboxyfluorescein Esters Fishes Formaldehyde Glycine Molecular Probes Peroxidase Peroxide, Hydrogen Planarians Sodium Azide Sodium Chloride
5
Mouse Brain Preparation for STP Tomography
Cited 14 times
The following mouse strains were used: GENSAT ChAT-GFP Tg(Chat-EGFP)GH293Gsat/Mmcd (#000296-UCD) and Mobp-GFP Tg(Mobp-EGFP)103Gsat/Mmcd (#030483-UCD)5 (link) (MMRRC; www.mmrrc.org); GFPM20 (link); SST-ires-Cre::Ai96 (link); and wild type C57BL/6J (Jax mice; # 000664). As anatomical tracers, we used CTB Alexa Fluor-488 (Invitrogen; #C22841; 0.5 % wt/vol in phosphate buffer) and AAV-GFP with synapsin promoter21 (link), 22 (link). AAV was produced at the Salk vector core (http://vectorcore.salk.edu) as a chimeric 1/2 serotype23 (link), purified by iodoxinal gradient and concentrated to 5.3 × 1011 genomic copy per ml. Stereotaxic injections of the tracers were done as described24 (link). Briefly, the mice were anaesthetized by 1% isoflurane inhalation. A small craniotomy (approximately 300 × 300 μm) was opened over the left primary somatosensory cortex and ~50 nl of virus or 50 nl of 0.05 % CTB Alexa FluorR 488 was injected into layer 2/3 barrel cortex at stereotaxic coordinates: caudal 1.6, lateral 3.2, ventral 0.3 mm relative to bregma. The skin incision was then closed with silk sutures, and the mice were allowed to recover with free access to food and water (meloxicam was given at 1 mg/kg, s.c. for analgesia). The brains were prepared for imaging 10–14 days later (see below).
The mouse brains were prepared for STP tomography as follows. The mice were deeply anesthetized by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of the mixture of ketamine (60 mg/kg) and medetomidine (0.5 mg/kg) and transcardially perfused with ~15 ml cold saline (0.9 % NaCl) followed by ~30 ml cold neutral buffered formaldehyde (NBF, 4% w/v in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4). The brains were dissected out and post-fixed in 4% NBF overnight at 4 °C. In order to decrease formaldehyde-induced autofluorescence, the brains were incubated in 0.1 M glycine (adjusted to pH 7. 4 with 1M Tris base) at 4 °C for 2–5 days. The brains were then washed in phosphate buffer (PB) and embedded in 3–5% oxidized agarose as described25 , 26 (link). Briefly, agarose (Sigma, cat.# A6013) was oxidized by stirring in 10 mM sodium periodate (NaIO4, Sigma cat.# S1878) solution for 2 hrs at RT, washed 3x and re-suspended in PB to bring the final concentration to 3–5 %. The mouse brain was pat-dried and embedded in melted oxidized agarose using a cube-shaped mold. Covalent crosslinking between brain surface and agarose was activated by equilibrating in excess of 0.5–1 % sodium borohydrate (NaBH4, Sigma cat.# 452882) in 0.05 M sodium borate buffer (pH = 9.0–9.5), gently shaking for 2–4 hrs at RT (or overnight at 4 °C) (note that after rinsing, activated agarose can be stored in PB at 4 °C for up to one week; sodium borohydrate buffer should be prepared fresh). Covalent crosslinking of the agar-brain interface is important to keep the brain firmly embedded during sectioning and to limit shadowing artifacts by insufficiently cut meninges (see Troubleshooting, below).
Ragan T., Kadiri L.R., Venkataraju K.U., Bahlmann K., Sutin J., Taranda J., Arganda-Carreras I., Kim Y., Seung H.S, & Osten P. (2012). Serial two-photon tomography: an automated method for ex-vivo mouse brain imaging. Nature methods, 9(3), 255-258.
Publication 2011
Agar alexa fluor 488 Brain Buffers Chimera Cloning Vectors Cold Temperature Cortex, Cerebral Craniotomy Diencephalon Food Formaldehyde Fungus, Filamentous Genome Glycine Hypernatremia Inhalation Internal Ribosome Entry Sites Isoflurane Ketamine Management, Pain Medetomidine Meloxicam Meninges Mice, House mitomycin C-dextran Normal Saline Phosphates Saline Solution Sepharose Silk Skin sodium borate sodium borohydride sodium metaperiodate Somatosensory Cortex, Primary Strains Sutures Synapsins Tomography Tromethamine Virus

Most recents protocols related to «Sodium borate»

1
ADI Modification by Butanedione-Borate
The ADI modification by BD was carried out at room temperature according to Bihzad and El-Shora [33 (link)]. The butanedione-borate solution was tested at different concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mM). Aliquot from each concentration was mixed with 10 ml of ADI in 50 mM sodium borate buffer (pH 7.0) to initiate the modification reaction. ADI activity was determined immediately afterwards.
El-Shora H.M., El-Zawawy N.A., El-Rheem M.A, & Metwally M.A. (2024). Purification and characterization of L-arginine deiminase from Penicillium chrysogenum. BMC Microbiology, 24, 44.
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Publication 2024
2
Enzymatic Assay for Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase
Not available on PMC !
Fresh plant material (50 mg) was homogenized in 1 mL of 0.1 M sodium borate buffer (pH 8.8) and centrifuged at 20,000 x g for 20 min at 4 °C. In a 96-well plate, 10 µL of the supernatant was mixed with 50 µL of L-phenylalanine (10 mM) and 140 µL of 0.1 M sodium borate buffer (pH 8.8). The mixture was incubated at 37 °C for 1 h, and the absorbance was measured at 290 nm. Enzyme activity was determined by comparing it with a calibration curve for cinnamic acids and expressed as micromoles of cinnamic acid per hour per gram of fresh weight (µmol/h/g FW).
Rodrigues M.J., Neng N.R., & Custódio L. (2024). NaCl elicitation enhances metabolite accumulation and stress resilience in Inula crithmoides L. shoot cultures: implications for its nutritional and medicinal value. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 157(1).
Publication 2024
3
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL) Assay
The PAL activity was assessed following the procedure outlined by Zucker (1965) (link). The homogenate was prepared in a chilled pestle and mortar by crushing 0.5 g of lead sample with 5 ml of sodium borate buffer (0.1 M) pH 8.5 solution. The slurry was centrifuged in a 2-ml tube at 10,000–12,000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant was transferred to another 2-ml tube. 62.5 µl enzyme extract, 800 µl of sodium borate buffer, and 700 µl of (12 mM) phenylalanine were added in each test tube and incubated at 40°C in a water bath for 1 h. The reaction was halted by adding 200 µl of 5 N HCl, followed by the addition of 0.5 ml of 0.1 M Trans-cinnamic acid (TCA). The 62.5 µl enzyme extract and 800 µl of sodium borate buffer were added in each test tube, along with 700 µl of (12 mM) phenylalanine, and tubes were incubated at 40°C in a water bath for 1 h. 200 µl of 5 N HCl was added to stop the reaction. Then, 0.5 ml of trans-cinnamic acid (TCA) (1 M) was added, and the light absorbance was estimated at 290 nm. The absorbance reading was measured at 290 nm.
Singh J., Munshi A.D., Singh D., Meena B.R., Singh A.K., Nagar A., Lyngdoh Y.A., Tomar B.S., Dey S.S., Ranjan J.K., Singh N., Kumar N, & Mahajani K. (2024). Identification of new stable resistant sources and assessing agro-morphological performance of sponge gourd germplasm against Tomato Leaf curl New Delhi Virus incidence. Frontiers in Plant Science, 15, 1373352.
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Publication 2024
4
Optimizing Antibody-Gold Nanoparticle Conjugation

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Publication 2024
5
Immunohistochemical Detection of Phosphorylated Tau
Free-floating mouse brain sections were rinsed in dilution media (DM, 50mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.5% Triton-X100) and incubated in peroxidase quenching solution (0.3% hydrogen peroxide, 0.1% sodium azide) containing blocking buffer (3% goat serum, 2% BSA, 0.4% Triton X-100 in DM) for 1 hour at room temperature. Sections were washed in DM and incubated with PSER129 antibody (Abcam, “EP1536Y”, 1:50,000 diluted in blocking buffer) overnight. The next day, tissues were washed and incubated with biotinylated anti-rabbit antibody (Vector Laboratories, dil. 1:200 in blocking buffer) for 1 hour at room temperature, followed by rinsing in DM. The sections were then incubated with prepared elite avidin-biotin complex (ABC) reagent (Vector Laboratories) for 75 min at room temperature. For tyramide signal amplification (TSA) sections were washed in DM and borate buffer (0.05M Sodium Borate, pH 8.5). Samples were then incubated with TSA reaction buffer (1 μg / mL biotinyl tyramide, 0.003% hydrogen peroxide in borate buffer) for 30 minutes and at room temperature. Following the TSA reaction, samples were rinsed in DM and heated to 80°C in citrate buffer for 30 minutes, cooled, and incubated with ABC reagent for 75 minutes at room temperature. Some samples were stained without TSA. Tissues were developed using a standard nickel-enhanced 3,3’-diaminobenzidine (DAB)-imidazole protocol and rinsed with sodium acetate buffer (0.2 M Imidazole, 1.0 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 7.2) and PBS before mounting on glass slides. Sections were counterstained with methyl green, dehydrated, cleaned with xylenes, and cover-slipped with cytosol 60 (Fisher Scientific).
Choi S., Tittle T., Garcia-Prada D., Kordower J., Melki R, & Killinger B. (2024). Alpha-synuclein aggregates are phosphatase resistant. bioRxiv.
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Publication Preprint 2024

Top products related to «Sodium borate»

1
Bromodeoxyuridine (brdu) by Merck Group
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BrdU is a synthetic nucleoside that is an analog of the DNA base thymidine. It can be incorporated into the newly synthesized DNA of replicating cells, substituting for thymidine during the DNA synthesis phase of the cell cycle.
2
Sodium borate by Merck Group
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Sodium borate, also known as borax, is a chemical compound with the formula Na2B4O7. It is a white, crystalline solid that is soluble in water and has a wide range of industrial and laboratory applications. Sodium borate serves as a source of boric acid and borates, which are used in various chemical processes and formulations.
3
Sodium hydroxide (naoh) by Merck Group
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Sodium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white, odorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and is a strong base. It is commonly used in various laboratory applications as a reagent.
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Acetonitrile by Merck Group
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Methanol by Merck Group
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Methanol is a clear, colorless, and flammable liquid that is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications. It serves as a solvent, fuel, and chemical intermediate. Methanol has a simple chemical formula of CH3OH and a boiling point of 64.7°C. It is a versatile compound that is widely used in the production of other chemicals, as well as in the fuel industry.
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Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a common laboratory reagent derived from bovine blood plasma. It is a protein that serves as a stabilizer and blocking agent in various biochemical and immunological applications. BSA is widely used to maintain the activity and solubility of enzymes, proteins, and other biomolecules in experimental settings.
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Boric acid by Merck Group
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Boric acid is a chemical compound with the formula H3BO3. It is a white, crystalline solid that is soluble in water. Boric acid is commonly used as a laboratory reagent and is a component in various products, including eye drops, antiseptics, and insecticides.
8
Sodium chloride (nacl) by Merck Group
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NaCl is a chemical compound commonly known as sodium chloride. It is a white, crystalline solid that is widely used in various industries, including pharmaceutical and laboratory settings. NaCl's core function is to serve as a basic, inorganic salt that can be used for a variety of applications in the lab environment.
9
Hydrochloric acid (hcl) by Merck Group
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Hydrochloric acid is a commonly used laboratory reagent. It is a clear, colorless, and highly corrosive liquid with a pungent odor. Hydrochloric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas.
10
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Tetrahydrofuran is a colorless, volatile, and flammable organic compound. It is commonly used as a polar aprotic solvent in various industrial and laboratory applications. Tetrahydrofuran's core function is to serve as a versatile solvent for a wide range of organic compounds, including polymers, resins, and other materials.

More about "Sodium borate"

Sodium borate, also known as borax, is a naturally occurring mineral compound composed of sodium, boron, and oxygen.
It has a wide range of applications in industrial and household products, including as a water softener, detergent, and insecticide.
Sodium borate is also used in the production of glass, ceramics, and enamels.
Researchers interested in the properties and uses of this versatile compound can leverage PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform to easily locate the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, optimizing their research on sodium borate.
PubCompare.ai's cutting-edg tools enable seamless, reproducible research in this area.
Sodium borate, or borax, is a chemical compound with the formula Na2B4O7·10H2O.
It is a white, crystalline solid that is soluble in water and has a variety of industrial and household applications.
Boric acid, which is closely related to sodium borate, is another important boron-containing compound that is used in various applications.
Sodium borate can be used as a water softener, detergent, and insecticide.
It is also used in the production of glass, ceramics, and enamels.
Researchers can leverage PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform to find the best protocols for working with sodium borate, ensuring their research is efficient and reproducible.
In addition to its industrial and household uses, sodium borate has also been studied for its potential medical applications.
For example, it has been investigated as a potential treatment for arthritis and as a possible anticancer agent.
Researchers can use PubCompare.ai to easily locate and compare protocols related to these and other medical applications of sodium borate.
Overall, sodium borate is a versatile and important compound with a wide range of applications.
Researchers can optimize their work on this compound by using PubCompare.ai's cutting-edg tools to easily locate the best protocols from the literature, preprints, and patents.