Sodium Chloride
It is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction.
Sodium chloride is widely used in food processing, pharmaceutical applications, and industrial processes.
Researchers can utilize PubCompare.ai to optimize their sodium chloride research, locating the best protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, and improving reproducibility and accuracy through intelligent analysis.
This AI-enhanced research tool can help researchers experience the power of data-driven insights and streamline their sodium chloride studies.
Most cited protocols related to «Sodium Chloride»
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Example 6
Compound 3 was generated from the purification process of IL-2 mutein Ala-M1 polymer prodrug 5. During separation of compound 5 on a Capto MMC ImpRes resin the later eluting peak which contains 3 was collected. The collected fraction was diluted with 10 mM succinic acid, pH 5.0 to lower the conductivity to approx. 14 mS/cm and further purified on a Äkta system equipped with a HiScreen Capto Blue column using buffer A (20 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.5), buffer B (20 mM sodium phosphate, 1 M NaCl, pH 7.5) and a gradient from 0 to 50% buffer B in 6 column volumes. The main peak was collected and concentrated using Amicon Ultra centrifugal device (3 kDa MWCO). The concentrated solution was buffer exchanged to 10 mM Hepes, 150 mM NaCl, 3 mM EDTA, 0.05% polysorbate 20, pH 7.4 by using an Äkta system and a HiPrep 26/10 column and the concentration was adjusted to 0.25 mg/mL to give compound 3.
Example 1
A 1 g compressed SAM sheet was formed without embossing. To ensure that Comparative Example 1 had the same compactness as Example 1, meaning that both samples experienced the same compressing pressure, the SAM sheets were each placed between two flat metal plates and compressed twice with a 1000 lb load for 10 minutes using the Carver hydraulic compressor (CE, Model 4350). In this way, the void volumes between and within SAM particles are quite close, if not the same, for Comparative Example 1 and Example 1. The sample was dried in a convection oven at 80° C. for 12 hours before testing.
A 1 g compressed SAM sheet was formed without embossing. The prepared SAM sheet was placed on a flat metal plate, covered with a 1″×1″ metal patterned plate with protruding balls of 250 μm diameter, the balls side facing downward towards the SAM sheet (
The final 1 g compressed SAM sheet had two-sided embossing. The sample was dried in a convection oven at 80° C. for 12 hours before testing.
The protrusions of this example were ball-shaped, but the protrusion of the pins could be any shape. Shapes without sharper corners, such as spheres, could be less damaging to the SAM particles. The depth of the indentations from the shapes could be in the range of from about 10 μm to 200
Absorbency Evaluation.
Equal masses of embossed and non-embossed SAM sheet samples were each individually dropped in a 100 mL beaker containing 30 mL NaCl solution, which contained blue dye to improve visualization during testing. The time and process of the SAM sheet completely absorbing the saline solution was monitored and compared.
The testing process for both samples to compare their absorbency properties is shown in
Compressing SAM particles into sheets generally leads to lower intake rates and higher intake times compared with SAM particles that are not compressed into sheets due to the loss of free volume within SAM molecular structure and surface area. However, the results demonstrated herein prove that SAM with surface embossing could lead to increase of surface area, thereby increasing the absorbency intake rate compared to the compressed SAM without embossing.
Flexible Absorbent Binder Film.
FAB is a proprietary crosslinked acrylic acid copolymer that develops absorbency properties after it is applied to a substrate and dried, FAB itself can also be casted into film and dried, yet the resultant 100% FAB film is quite rigid and stiff. The chemistry of FAB is similar to standard SAPs except that the latent crosslinking component allows it to be applied onto the substrate of choice as an aqueous solution and then converted into a superabsorbent coating upon drying. When the water is removed, the crosslinker molecules in the polymeric chain come into contact with each other and covalently bond to form a crosslinked absorbent.
In the examples of this disclosure, FAB was coated on a nonwoven substrate to provide a single layer with both intake and retention functions, as well as flexibility. FAB solution with 32% (wt/wt) solids was coated on a nonwoven substrate through a slot die with two rolls. After coating, the coated film was cured by drying in a convection oven at 55° C. for 20-30 minutes, or until the film was dry, to remove the water.
Compression embossing was applied on FAB films. Two-sided embossing was applied on a FAB film. The absorbent properties were characterized and compared through saline absorption testing. The FAB film with an embossed pattern showed 91.67% faster intake rate compared with the FAB film without an embossed pattern.
Example 7
Synthetic urine is prepared by dissolving 14.1 g of NaCl, 2.8 g KCl, 17.3 g of urea, 19 ml ammonia water (25%), 0.60 g CaCl2 and 0.43 g MgSO4 in 0.02 mole/L of HCl. The final pH of synthetic urine is adjusted to 6.04 by using HCl and ammonia water.
40 mg Sigma creatinine is dissolved in 10 ml of synthetic urine solution. 3 mg of human albumin is dissolved in 10 ml of synthetic urine solution to prepare the micro albumin solution.
4 mg Sigma hemin is dissolved in 20 ml of synthetic urine, 20 μL Hemin solution is used as a receptor for urine albumin detection at different creatinine concentration.
A desired volume of the biological sample (synthetic urine) is taken and dispensed on the electrode of the biosensor device and the corresponding cyclic voltammogram is obtained by the CHI-Electrochemical workstation using the potential window, that varies from 0 V to −1 V with scan rate of 0.1 V/sec.
The albumin content in the urine sample binds hemin thereby demonstrates a linear decrease in peak redox current with urine albumin concentration as shown in
The values of concentrations of the urine albumin (mg/L) and creatinine for different samples is shown in Table 4.
Example 9
NEBT7EL-pA06238 was grown on LB with 50 μg/ml kanamycin. A 600 ml culture of TBkan50 was inoculated with NEBT7EL-pA06238 and incubated overnight at 37° C. at 200 rpm. The next morning, a 10 L fermentor was prepared with 9.5 L of TB and then inoculated with 500 ml of the overnight culture. The culture was grown at 37° C. The pH was maintained at 6.2 with NaOH and the dO2 was maintained ≥20%. After 2 hours of growth, the temperature was dropped to 25° C. The culture was grown for an additional 1 hour with the OD600 around 7. IPTG was added to a final concentration of 1 mM and CoCl2 was added to 25 μM. Additional CoCl2 was added 1 and 2 hours after induction to bring the final concentration to 300 μM. The cells were grown for 20 hours at which point the fermentor was chilled to 10° C. and the cells were harvested by centrifugation. The cell pellet was stored at −80° C. until use.
The cell pellet from the fermentation was lysed by stirring in buffer with lysozyme and DNAse. Cell debris was removed by centrifugation and the supernatant was filtered through a 0.45 micron filter. Filtered supernatant was incubated with Ni-NTA agarose resin and then enzyme was eluted with imidazole. Purified FC4E pA06238 was immobilized onto 5.25 grams of ECR8204F resin using the standard published protocol from Purolite.
The immobilized enzyme was loaded into a 11×300 mm glass fixed bed reactor and run for approximately 200 h at constant temperature (60° C.) with a constant feed composition of 30 wt % fructose+70 wt % aqueous buffer solution (20 mM KPO4, 50 mM NaCl, 300 uM CoCl2). Feed rate was held constant at 140 uL/min throughout the run. The fixed bed reaction reached a maximal conversion of approximately 30% tagatose and had a half-life of −50 hours (
Example 1
10 g (33.09 mmol) of 1-(2-fluoro-6-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-6-methyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione (III), 6.8 g (49.62 mmol) of K2CO3 and 2.4 g (6.6 mmol) of tetrabutylammonium iodide were mixed with 50 mL of acetone at the temperature of about 20° C. Subsequently, 13.6 g (43.12 mmol) of (R)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-2-phenylethyl methanesulfonate (IVa) were added and the obtained mixture was heated at the temperature of about 55° C. and maintained under stirring for about 16 hours at said temperature.
Once this maintenance was finished, the solvent was vacuum distilled and 50 mL of ethyl acetate and 50 mL of water were added to the residue thus obtained. A 1 M aqueous solution of HCl was slowly added, maintaining the temperature between 20 and 25° C. until achieving a pH of between 7 and 8. The aqueous phase was separated and treated with 3 fractions of 30 mL each of ethyl acetate. All the organic extracts were pooled and the solvent was removed by means of vacuum to obtain a slightly yellowish oily residue to which 45 mL of methanol were added, obtaining complete dissolution of the residue.
Example 2
16.1 g (99.24 mmol) of iodine monochloride (ICI) were dissolved in 40 mL of methanol at the temperature of about 10° C. The methanol solution previously obtained according to the methodology described in Example 1 comprising 3-((R)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino-2-phenylethyl)-1-(2-fluoro-6-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-6-methyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione (II) was added to the iodine monochloride solution, maintaining the temperature between 20 and 25° C. Once the addition was finished, the obtained solution was heated to about 50° C. and was maintained under stirring for 2 hours at the mentioned temperature.
Once the maintenance was finished, the solvent was vacuum distilled and 50 mL of acetone were slowly added to the obtained oily residue at the temperature of between and 25° C. The addition of acetone caused a solid precipitate to appear almost immediately. The obtained mixture was maintained for 1 hour under stirring at the mentioned temperature. The resulting solid was isolated by filtration, washed with two fractions of 25 mL of acetone, and finally dried at the temperature of 50° C. to obtain 15.6 g (80.8% yield) of a white solid corresponding to the 3-((R)-2-(amino-2-phenylethyl)-1-(2-fluoro-6-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-5-iodo-6-methyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione hydrochloride salt (Ia) (UHPLC purity: 98.9%).
1H-NMR (d6-DMSO, 400 MHz) δ (ppm): 8.70 (2H, s broad), 7.65-7.48 (3H, m), 7.40-7.32 (5H, m), 5.40-5.29 (2H, dd), 4.47 (1H, t), 4.25 (2H, dd), 2.65 (3H, s).
13C-NMR (d6-DMSO, 100 MHz) δ (ppm): 161.87, 159.47, 159.41, 154.19, 150.98, 134.70, 129.93, 129.84, 129.01, 128.58, 127.38, 122.61, 122.34, 122.22, 121.34, 121.10, 74.80, 52.26, 45.45, 44.60, 25.66.
The DSC of this compound is shown in
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More about "Sodium Chloride"
It plays a vital role in maintaining the body's fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction, making it an essential nutrient.
In research, sodium chloride is widely used in various applications, including food processing, pharmaceutical formulations, and industrial processes.
Researchers can leverage the power of AI-driven tools like PubCompare.ai to optimize their sodium chloride studies.
This intelligent platform allows researchers to locate the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, enhancing the reproducibility and accuracy of their experiments.
By utilizing PubCompare.ai, researchers can experience the benefits of data-driven insights, streamlining their sodium chloride research and unlocking new possibilities.
Closely related to sodium chloride are other important research tools and compounds, such as protease inhibitor cocktails, PVDF membranes, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit.
These materials often work in conjunction with sodium chloride-based protocols, providing a comprehensive toolset for researchers studying various biological and chemical processes.
Additionally, the use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) can be relevant in sodium chloride research, as it is a versatile solvent commonly used in cell-based studies and pharmaceutical applications.
By understanding the interconnectedness of these related terms and concepts, researchers can develop a more holistic understanding of the sodium chloride research landscape and optimize their investigations accordingly.