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RNA I

RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression or translation, by neutralizing targeted mRNA molecules.
This powerful technology allows for the silencing of specific genes, making it a valuable tool in both basic research and therapeutic applications.
PubCompare.ai leverages AI to help researchers optimize their RNAi experiments, providing access to the best protocols from published literature, preprints, and patents.
With automated comparisons, the platform identifies the most reproducible and accurate methods, elevating the quality and reliability of RNI studies.

Most cited protocols related to «RNA I»

GLMs are an extension of classical linear models to non-normally distributed response data (42 ,43 ). GLMs specify probability distributions according to their mean–variance relationship, for example the quadratic mean–variance relationship specified above for read counts. Assuming that an estimate is available for ϕg, so the variance can be evaluated for any value of μgi, GLM theory can be used to fit a log-linear model

for each gene (32 (link),41 ). Here xi is a vector of covariates that specifies the treatment conditions applied to RNA sample i, and βg is a vector of regression coefficients by which the covariate effects are mediated for gene g. The quadratic variance function specifies the negative binomial GLM distributional family. The use of the negative binomial distribution is equivalent to treating the πgi as gamma distributed.
Publication 2012
Cloning Vectors Gamma Rays Genes Genes, vif RNA, immune RNA I
K562 dUTP libraries were generated as described with rRNA depleted using the RNaseH approach22 (link). Bacterial dUTP libraries were generated as described21 (link) with rRNA depleted using with RiboZero (Epicentre). In all RiboZero reactions, the maximal amount recommended by the manufacturer per reaction was used to avoid an additional quantification step during library construction and ensure the RNA did not exceed the capacity of the solution. RNAtag-Seq cDNA libraries were generated according to the detailed protocol in the Supplementary Protocol. Briefly, 200-400 ng of total RNA was fragmented, depleted of genomic DNA and dephosphorylated before its ligation to barcoded adaptors with a 5′ phosphate and a 3′ blocking group. DNA adaptors carried 5′-AN8-3′ barcodes and RNA adaptors 5′-rArN6-3′ barcodes. Sequences of these barcodes are provided in the Supplementary Protocol and Supplementary Table 2. Barcoded RNAs were pooled and depleted of rRNA using the appropriate RiboZero rRNA depletion kit (Epicentre) for bacterial and K562 pools (8 samples per pool, Supplementary Table 2) and as previously described23 (link) for mouse pools. These pools of barcoded RNAs were converted to Illumina cDNA libraries in three key steps: (i) reverse transcription of the RNA using a primer designed to the constant region of the barcoded adaptor; (ii) degradation of the RNA and ligation of a second adaptor to the single-stranded cDNA; (iii) PCR amplification using primers that target the constant regions of the 3′ and 5′ ligated adaptors and contain the full sequence of the Illumina sequencing adaptors (Fig. 1). Two SPRI cleanup steps are included following adaptor ligations to ensure efficient removal of adaptor dimers (<1% of our sequencing reads represented adaptor dimers). Modifications of the RNAtag-Seq protocol used in generation of mouse libraries are detailed in Appendix A in the Supplementary Protocol. cDNA libraries were sequenced on Illumina MiSeq or HiSeq2500
Publication 2015
Bacteria cDNA Library deoxyuridine triphosphate DNA, Complementary Genome Ligation Mice, House Oligonucleotide Primers Phosphates Reverse Transcription Ribosomal RNA RNA RNA, immune RNA Degradation RNA I
Census is motivated by a generative model of single-cell (sc) RNA-Seq similar to the one developed by Kim et al.47 . When performing sc-RNA-seq, each individual cell is lysed to recover its endogenous RNA molecules, some fraction of which may be degraded or lost. Lysis thus involves an RNA recovery rate α. Spike-in transcripts are then added into the cell lysate. Note that spike-in transcripts are added to the lysate as naked RNA, and thus may be degraded at different rates from the endogenous RNA. We denote the ladder recovery rate as β. The RNA counts in the lysate can be written:
Cell lysate:{YijlαiYijcSijlβiS.j, where Yl, Sl, S, are the transcript counts of endogenous RNA in cell lysate, spike-in transcript counts in cell lysate and the spike-in transcript counts added into the cell lysate. The first subscript in all variables (here and below) corresponds to cell while the second subscript corresponds to gene index. Note that we are not able to directly observe
Yijc , the true transcript counts for gene j in cell i and thus α is an unknown variable.
The RNA molecules and spike-in transcripts will then be subjected to reverse transcription and amplified to make a cDNA library. The expected number of cDNA molecules generated from each RNA molecules is denoted by θ. The cDNA counts can be written:
cDNA:{Yijd=YijlθiSijd=Sijlθi, where Yd, Sd, are the cDNA counts of endogenous RNA, spike-in cDNA counts successfully converted from the corresponding transcript counts Yl, Sl in cell lysate under a uniform capture rate θ, which for current protocols is less than 1.
Our model generates sequencing reads from the cDNA. The relative cDNA abundances are calculated as
Yijdj=1n(Yijd+Sijd) for endogenous RNA, or
Sijdj=1n(Yijd+Sijd) for spike-in RNA.
The model then generates γ reads per cDNA molecule on average; with sufficient sequencing, γ will be larger than 1; we expect each cDNA molecule to generate at least one sequencing read. This process can be regarded as a multinomial sampling of R reads
(Ri=γj=1n(Yijd+Sijd)) from the distribution of relative cDNA abundances mentioned above which can be represented as:
Read counts:{Yijrmultinomial(Yijdj=1n(Yijd+Sijd),Rie)S.jrmultinomial(Sijdj=1n(Yijd+Sijd),Ris), where
Rie,Ris , denotes the reads sampled for cDNA from the endogenous RNA or spike- in RNA in cell i,
Yijr,S.jr denotes the reads sampled for cDNA from the endogenous RNA j or spike-in RNA j in cell i.
The model described here is essentially a special case of the model in Kim et al., and differs mainly in that their model describes transcript-level capture rates and sequencing rates with beta and gamma distributions, respectively. In contrast, we simply use global constants for these rates. As Census does not make use of variance estimates from the generative model, this simpler model is sufficient for calculating key statistics (e.g. mode of the transcript counts) needed to convert relative to absolute abundances.
Publication 2017
cDNA Library Cells DNA, Complementary Gamma Rays Genes Reverse Transcription RNA I Single-Cell RNA-Seq
A whole genome alignment of the four C. jejuni strains was computed with Mauve[83] (link). Based on this global alignment a common genomic coordinate system, the SuperGenome was defined into which all positional information can be projected that relates to the single genomes [29] (link). This resulted in a consensus sequence with the coordinates of the complete alignment and a mapping of each position of each single genome to a position in the alignment. Next, all genome-specific data (expression height graphs derived from mapped read data, genomic annotations, and sequences) were mapped to the common coordinate system.
Our automated TSS prediction approach, which uses this SuperGenome mapping for comparative analyses, consists of several steps: The initial detection of TSS in the single strains is based on the localization of positions, where a significant number of reads start. Thus, for each position i in the RNA–seq graph corresponding to the TEX+ library the algorithm calculates e(i)-e(i-1), where e(i) is the expression height at position i (Figure S15 in Text S1). In addition, the factor of height change is calculated, i.e. e(i)/e(i-1). To evaluate if the reads starting at this position are originating from primary transcripts, the enrichment factor is calculated as eTEX+(i)/eTEX−(i). For all positions where these values exceed the threshold (see Supplementary Material) a TSS candidate is annotated.
The TSS prediction procedure is applied to both replicates of each strain. TSS candidates, which are not detected in both replicates with a maximal positional difference of one nucleotide, are discarded. Afterwards, TSS candidates that are in close vicinity are grouped into a cluster and only the TSS candidate with the highest expression is kept. In the next step, the TSS candidates of each strain are mapped to the SuperGenome to assign each TSS to the corresponding TSS in the other strains. The final TSS annotations are then characterized on the SuperGenome level with respect to their occurrence in the different strains and in which strains they appear to be enriched. In the context of the individual strains the TSS are further classified according to their location relative to annotated genes. For this we used a similar classification scheme as previously described [4] (link). Thus, for each TSS it is decided if it is the primary or secondary TSS of a gene, if it is an internal TSS, an antisense TSS or if it cannot be assigned to one of these classes (orphan). A TSS is classified as primary or secondary if it is located ≤300 bp upstream of a gene. The TSS with the strongest expression considering all strains is classified as primary. All other TSS that are assigned to the same gene are classified as secondary. Internal TSS are located within an annotated gene on the sense strand and antisense TSS are located inside a gene or within ≤100 bp on the antisense strand. These assignments are indicated by a 1 in the respective column of Tables S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9. Orphan TSS, which are not in the vicinity of an annotated gene, are indicated by “0” in all four columns.
To validate our automated TSS detection we applied it to the previously generated dRNA–seq data of Helicobacter pylori grown under five different conditions [4] (link). In this study, we had manually annotated the TSS based on enrichment patterns in the TEX+ compared to TEX- libraries. We used these hand-curated TSS positions as benchmark and compared it to the results of the automated detection. We allowed a difference of up to one nucleotide when comparing an automatically detected TSS to a manually annotated TSS. With this threshold, the automated approach achieves a sensitivity of 82% and a precision rate of 75%. The parameters used for the TSS annotation in C. jejuni were selected according to this benchmarking with the manual TSS set of H. pylori (see also Supplementary Methods in Text S1).
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Publication 2013
BP 100 Consensus Sequence DNA Library Genes Genome Helicobacter pylori Hypersensitivity Nucleotides Orphaned Children RNA, immune RNA I Strains
One of the advantages of competitive gene set tests is that they can be applied just as easily to any genewise test statistic, no matter how complex. There is no need to be limited to two-group comparisons, for example. To be as general as possible, we assume throughout this article a linear model setup similar to that described previously (8 (link),24 ). Suppose that a gene expression experiment has been conducted resulting in log-expression values ygi for genes g = 1, … , G and RNA samples i = 1, … , n. We assume a linear model for the expected value of each expression value given the experimental design,

where the xij are covariates or design variables specifying which treatment condition is associated with each RNA sample, and the αgj are unknown regression coefficients representing expression log-fold changes (logFCs) between conditions in the experiment.
Each gene is assumed to have its own variance, . Expression values from different arrays are assumed to be independent, but expression values for different genes from the same RNA sample are generally not. The correlations cor(ygi,ygi) = ρg,g are generally non-zero. Note that the ρg,g here represent residual correlations between genes across replicate samples, after the treatment effects μgi have been removed.
Publication 2012
DNA Replication Gene Expression Genes Genetic Testing RNA I

Most recents protocols related to «RNA I»

In this study, mRNA was isolated from cultured cells and knee articular cartilage tissues. The cultured cells were rinsed with PBS and lysed in RNA-Solv® Reagent (Omega Bio-tek, Norcross, GA, USA). The knee cartilage samples were placed in paired RNase-Free 1.5 EP tubes with four ground beads (5 mm in diameter) and frozen with liquid nitrogen. Subsequently, the tissues were pulverized and homogenized using Tissuelyser-24 (Jingxin, Shanghai, China). The TissueLyser was operated twice for 30 s at 45 Hz. The above tissue powder (50–100 mg) was lysed in Omega RNA-Solv® Reagent and RNA was isolated using the E.Z.N.A.® Total RNA Kit I (Omega Bio-tek) according to manufacturer’s protocol. MiRNA levels were extracted using a miRNA Isolation Kit (Ambion). RNA was stored at − 80 °C. Reverse transcription was performed using 1.0 µg total RNA and then used to prepare cDNA using miRNA and HiFiScript cDNA kits (CWBIO, Beijing, China), which were used to investigate the expression of miRNA and mRNA, respectively. All qPCRs were performed in a 20 µL volume using appropriate primers (1 µL; Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China), cDNA (1 µL), and a ROX-containing UltraSYBR Mixture (CWBIO) with an ABI 7500 Sequencing Detection instrument (Applied Biosystems, CA, USA). The thermocycler settings were as follows: 40 cycles of 95 °C for 5 s and 60 °C for 24 s. U6 was used as an internal control for microRNA, whereas β-actin served as the control for messenger RNA. The cycle threshold (Ct) values were collected and normalized to the level of U6 or β-actin, with three samples per group. The relative mRNA level of each target gene was calculated by using the 2−ΔΔCt method. Primer sequences are shown in Table 1.

Primer sequences for qPCR

GenePrimers
MiR-760

Forward: UUCUCCGAACGUGUCACGUTT

Reverse: ACGUGACACGUUCGGAGAATT

MMP3

Forward: AGTCTTCCAATCCTACTGTTGCT

Reverse: TCCCCGTCACCTCCAATCC

MMP13

Forward: ACTGAGAGGCTCCGAGAAATG

Reverse: GAACCCCGCATCTTGGCTT

ADAMTS4

Forward: GAGGAGGAGATCGTGTTTCCA

Reverse: CCAGCTCTAGTAGCAGCGTC

COL2A1

Forward: TGGACGATCAGGCGAAACC

Reverse: GCTGCGGATGCTCTCAATCT

Aggrecan

Forward: ACTCTGGGTTTTCGTGACTCT

Reverse: ACACTCAGCGAGTTGTCATGG

HBEGF

Forward: ATCGTGGGGCTTCTCATGTTT

Reverse: TTAGTCATGCCCAACTTCACTTT

CBL

Forward: TGGTGCGGTTGTGTCAGAAC

Reverse: GGTAGGTATCTGGTAGCAGGTC

CAMK2G

Forward: ACCCGTTTCACCGACGACTA

Reverse: CTCCTGCGTGGAGGTTTTCTT

MAP2K1

Forward: CAATGGCGGTGTGGTGTTC

Reverse: GATTGCGGGTTTGATCTCCAG

ADCY1

Forward: AGGCACGACAATGTGAGCATC

Reverse: TTCATCGAACTTGCCGAAGAG

RPS6KA3

Forward: CGCTGAGAATGGACAGCAAAT

Reverse: TCCAAATGATCCCTGCCCTAAT

U6

Forward: CTCGCTTCGGCAGCACA

Reverse: AACGCTTCACGAATTTGCGT

β-actin

Forward: AGATGTGGATCAGCAAGCAG

Reverse: GCGCAAGTTAGGTTTTGTCA

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Publication 2023
Actins angiogenin Cartilage Cartilages, Articular Cultured Cells DNA, Complementary Freezing Genes isolation Knee Joint MicroRNAs Nitrogen Oligonucleotide Primers Powder Reverse Transcription RNA, Messenger RNA I Tissues

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Publication 2023
Arabidopsis Deoxyribonuclease I DNA, Complementary Gene Expression Genes Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Reverse Transcription RNA, immune RNA I Seedlings Sterility, Reproductive SYBR Green I trizol
Total mRNA was isolated from A20 cells and primary B lymphocytes using an RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen) following the manufacturer’s instructions. RNA concentrations were measured using a NanoDrop 2000 (Thermo Scientific) and 1 µg of DNAse I treated RNA was used with the High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit (Applied Biosystems). cDNA was amplified on a QuantStudio 3 Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems) using PowerUp SYBR Green Master Mix (Applied Biosystems). PCR amplification was performed by initial activation for 2  min at 50°C, followed by a 95°C 2 min melt step. The initial melt steps were then followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 15  s, 60°C for 15 s, and 72°C for 30 s. Data were analyzed with the instrument software v1.3.1 (Applied Biosystems) and analysis of each target was carried out using the comparative Ct method.
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Publication 2023
B-Lymphocytes Cells Deoxyribonucleases DNA, Complementary Reverse Transcription RNA, immune RNA, Messenger RNA I SYBR Green I
Total RNA was isolated from 12-day-old Arabidopsis seedlings using TRI Reagent (NRC), and DNA was removed by DNase I (Roche) treatment. PolyA RNA was then enriched from 1 μg of DNase I-treated RNA using Oligo d(T)25 Magnetic Beads (NEB S1419S), followed by RNA-seq libraries construction using the NEBNext Ultra Directional RNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina (NEB E7420). RNA libraries were sequenced on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform (PE150 bp), and the sequencing data were analyzed using the pRNASeqTools v.0.8 pipeline. Briefly, raw reads were aligned to the Arabidopsis genome (TAIR 10) using STAR v2.7.6a [56 (link)] with parameters ‘—alignIntronMax 5000—outSAMmultNmax 1—outFilterMultimapNmax 50—outFilterMismatchNoverLmax 0.1’, and counted by featureCounts v2.0.0 [57 (link)]. Normalization was performed by calculating the FPKM (Fragments Per Kilobase Million) for each gene, and differential gene expression analysis was conducted by DESeq2 v1.30.0 with a fold change of 1.5 and adjusted P value < 0.05 as the parameters [55 (link)].
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Publication 2023
Arabidopsis Deoxyribonuclease I DNA Library Gene Expression Profiling Genes Genome Oligonucleotides RNA, immune RNA, Polyadenylated RNA-Seq RNA I Seedlings

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Publication 2023
Acids Filtration Hypersensitivity Magnesium Chloride RNA, immune RNA I Tissue, Membrane Virus

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More about "RNA I"

RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful biological process in which RNA molecules silence gene expression or translation by neutralizing targeted mRNA molecules.
This technology allows for the targeted silencing of specific genes, making it a invaluable tool in basic research and therapeutic applications.
PubCompare.ai leverages AI to help researchers optimize their RNAi experiments, providing access to the best protocols from published literature, preprints, and patents.
With automated comparisons, the platform identifies the most reproducible and accurate methods, elevating the quality and reliability of RNAi studies.
Researchers can use various RNA extraction kits, such as the E.Z.N.A.® Total RNA Kit I, Sepasol-RNA I Super G, Total RNA Kit I, and TRIzol reagent, to isolate high-quality RNA for their RNAi experiments.
Reverse transcription kits like the High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit and PrimeScript RT reagent kit can then be used to convert the extracted RNA into cDNA for downstream analysis.
The RNeasy Mini Kit and TRIzol can also be employed for RNA purification and extraction.
In addition to these tools, DNase I can be used to remove any contaminating DNA, while the StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR System can be utilized for quantitative analysis of gene expression.
By leveraging these resources and the insights provided by PubCompare.ai, researchers can optimize their RNAi experiments, leading to more reproducible and accurate results that advance our understanding of gene regulation and drive therapeutic development.