for each gene (32 (link),41 ). Here
RNA I
This powerful technology allows for the silencing of specific genes, making it a valuable tool in both basic research and therapeutic applications.
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Most cited protocols related to «RNA I»
for each gene (32 (link),41 ). Here
where Yl, Sl, S, are the transcript counts of endogenous RNA in cell lysate, spike-in transcript counts in cell lysate and the spike-in transcript counts added into the cell lysate. The first subscript in all variables (here and below) corresponds to cell while the second subscript corresponds to gene index. Note that we are not able to directly observe
, the true transcript counts for gene j in cell i and thus α is an unknown variable.
The RNA molecules and spike-in transcripts will then be subjected to reverse transcription and amplified to make a cDNA library. The expected number of cDNA molecules generated from each RNA molecules is denoted by θ. The cDNA counts can be written:
where Yd, Sd, are the cDNA counts of endogenous RNA, spike-in cDNA counts successfully converted from the corresponding transcript counts Yl, Sl in cell lysate under a uniform capture rate θ, which for current protocols is less than 1.
Our model generates sequencing reads from the cDNA. The relative cDNA abundances are calculated as
for endogenous RNA, or
for spike-in RNA.
The model then generates γ reads per cDNA molecule on average; with sufficient sequencing, γ will be larger than 1; we expect each cDNA molecule to generate at least one sequencing read. This process can be regarded as a multinomial sampling of R reads
from the distribution of relative cDNA abundances mentioned above which can be represented as:
where
, denotes the reads sampled for cDNA from the endogenous RNA or spike- in RNA in cell i,
denotes the reads sampled for cDNA from the endogenous RNA j or spike-in RNA j in cell i.
The model described here is essentially a special case of the model in Kim et al., and differs mainly in that their model describes transcript-level capture rates and sequencing rates with beta and gamma distributions, respectively. In contrast, we simply use global constants for these rates. As Census does not make use of variance estimates from the generative model, this simpler model is sufficient for calculating key statistics (e.g. mode of the transcript counts) needed to convert relative to absolute abundances.
Our automated TSS prediction approach, which uses this SuperGenome mapping for comparative analyses, consists of several steps: The initial detection of TSS in the single strains is based on the localization of positions, where a significant number of reads start. Thus, for each position i in the RNA–seq graph corresponding to the TEX+ library the algorithm calculates e(i)-e(i-1), where e(i) is the expression height at position i (Figure S15 in
The TSS prediction procedure is applied to both replicates of each strain. TSS candidates, which are not detected in both replicates with a maximal positional difference of one nucleotide, are discarded. Afterwards, TSS candidates that are in close vicinity are grouped into a cluster and only the TSS candidate with the highest expression is kept. In the next step, the TSS candidates of each strain are mapped to the SuperGenome to assign each TSS to the corresponding TSS in the other strains. The final TSS annotations are then characterized on the SuperGenome level with respect to their occurrence in the different strains and in which strains they appear to be enriched. In the context of the individual strains the TSS are further classified according to their location relative to annotated genes. For this we used a similar classification scheme as previously described [4] (link). Thus, for each TSS it is decided if it is the primary or secondary TSS of a gene, if it is an internal TSS, an antisense TSS or if it cannot be assigned to one of these classes (orphan). A TSS is classified as primary or secondary if it is located ≤300 bp upstream of a gene. The TSS with the strongest expression considering all strains is classified as primary. All other TSS that are assigned to the same gene are classified as secondary. Internal TSS are located within an annotated gene on the sense strand and antisense TSS are located inside a gene or within ≤100 bp on the antisense strand. These assignments are indicated by a 1 in the respective column of
To validate our automated TSS detection we applied it to the previously generated dRNA–seq data of Helicobacter pylori grown under five different conditions [4] (link). In this study, we had manually annotated the TSS based on enrichment patterns in the TEX+ compared to TEX- libraries. We used these hand-curated TSS positions as benchmark and compared it to the results of the automated detection. We allowed a difference of up to one nucleotide when comparing an automatically detected TSS to a manually annotated TSS. With this threshold, the automated approach achieves a sensitivity of 82% and a precision rate of 75%. The parameters used for the TSS annotation in C. jejuni were selected according to this benchmarking with the manual TSS set of H. pylori (see also Supplementary Methods in
where the xij are covariates or design variables specifying which treatment condition is associated with each RNA sample, and the αgj are unknown regression coefficients representing expression log-fold changes (logFCs) between conditions in the experiment.
Each gene is assumed to have its own variance, . Expression values from different arrays are assumed to be independent, but expression values for different genes from the same RNA sample are generally not. The correlations cor(ygi,yg′i) = ρg,g′ are generally non-zero. Note that the ρg,g′ here represent residual correlations between genes across replicate samples, after the treatment effects μgi have been removed.
Most recents protocols related to «RNA I»
Primer sequences for qPCR
Gene | Primers |
---|---|
MiR-760 | Forward: UUCUCCGAACGUGUCACGUTT Reverse: ACGUGACACGUUCGGAGAATT |
MMP3 | Forward: AGTCTTCCAATCCTACTGTTGCT Reverse: TCCCCGTCACCTCCAATCC |
MMP13 | Forward: ACTGAGAGGCTCCGAGAAATG Reverse: GAACCCCGCATCTTGGCTT |
ADAMTS4 | Forward: GAGGAGGAGATCGTGTTTCCA Reverse: CCAGCTCTAGTAGCAGCGTC |
COL2A1 | Forward: TGGACGATCAGGCGAAACC Reverse: GCTGCGGATGCTCTCAATCT |
Aggrecan | Forward: ACTCTGGGTTTTCGTGACTCT Reverse: ACACTCAGCGAGTTGTCATGG |
HBEGF | Forward: ATCGTGGGGCTTCTCATGTTT Reverse: TTAGTCATGCCCAACTTCACTTT |
CBL | Forward: TGGTGCGGTTGTGTCAGAAC Reverse: GGTAGGTATCTGGTAGCAGGTC |
CAMK2G | Forward: ACCCGTTTCACCGACGACTA Reverse: CTCCTGCGTGGAGGTTTTCTT |
MAP2K1 | Forward: CAATGGCGGTGTGGTGTTC Reverse: GATTGCGGGTTTGATCTCCAG |
ADCY1 | Forward: AGGCACGACAATGTGAGCATC Reverse: TTCATCGAACTTGCCGAAGAG |
RPS6KA3 | Forward: CGCTGAGAATGGACAGCAAAT Reverse: TCCAAATGATCCCTGCCCTAAT |
U6 | Forward: CTCGCTTCGGCAGCACA Reverse: AACGCTTCACGAATTTGCGT |
β-actin | Forward: AGATGTGGATCAGCAAGCAG Reverse: GCGCAAGTTAGGTTTTGTCA |
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More about "RNA I"
This technology allows for the targeted silencing of specific genes, making it a invaluable tool in basic research and therapeutic applications.
PubCompare.ai leverages AI to help researchers optimize their RNAi experiments, providing access to the best protocols from published literature, preprints, and patents.
With automated comparisons, the platform identifies the most reproducible and accurate methods, elevating the quality and reliability of RNAi studies.
Researchers can use various RNA extraction kits, such as the E.Z.N.A.® Total RNA Kit I, Sepasol-RNA I Super G, Total RNA Kit I, and TRIzol reagent, to isolate high-quality RNA for their RNAi experiments.
Reverse transcription kits like the High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit and PrimeScript RT reagent kit can then be used to convert the extracted RNA into cDNA for downstream analysis.
The RNeasy Mini Kit and TRIzol can also be employed for RNA purification and extraction.
In addition to these tools, DNase I can be used to remove any contaminating DNA, while the StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR System can be utilized for quantitative analysis of gene expression.
By leveraging these resources and the insights provided by PubCompare.ai, researchers can optimize their RNAi experiments, leading to more reproducible and accurate results that advance our understanding of gene regulation and drive therapeutic development.