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1,4-benzoquinone

1,4-Benzoquinone is a versatile organic compound with a variety of applications in chemical research and industry.
This highly reactive molecule has a characteristic yellow color and serves as a key intermediate in numerous synthetic pathways.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can help optimize your 1,4-benzoquinone studies by providing access to the most reproducible and accurate experimental protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
Compares side-by-side to identify the best approaches and products for your research needs.
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Most cited protocols related to «1,4-benzoquinone»

1
Quantitative RT-PCR Analysis of Oxidative Stress Genes
As previously reported6 (link), the total RNA was extracted using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen). Five hundred ng of DNA-free total RNA was used to perform the reverse transcription with the 2-step RT-PCR kit (Takara Bio Inc., Japan)6 (link). The transcribed cDNA was utilized for PCR amplification with specific primers summarized in previous publication6 (link). The primers for NAD(P)H:quinone oxidase-1 (NQO-1) were: Forward, 5′-CCATTCTGAAAGGCTGGTTTG-3′, and reverse: 5′-CTAGCTTTGATCTGGTTGTC-3′ 42 (link). The primers for γ-glutamyl-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) were: Forward 5′-TTACCGAGGCTACGTGTCAGAC-3′ and reverse 5′-TGTCGATGGTCAGGTCGATGTC-3′; The primers for γ-glutamyl-cysteine ligase modifying subunit (GCLM) were: Forward 5′-AATCAGCCCTGATTTGGTCAGG-3′ and reverse 5′-CCAGCTGTGCAACTCCAAGGAC-3′ 43 (link). PCR products were separated on 1.2% agarose gels and visualized with ethidium bromide (EB). Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was tested as an internal control.
Li K.R., Yang S.Q., Gong Y.Q., Yang H., Li X.M., Zhao Y.X., Yao J., Jiang Q, & Cao C. (2016). 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione protects retinal pigment epithelium cells against Ultra-violet radiation via activation of Akt-mTORC1-dependent Nrf2-HO-1 signaling. Scientific Reports, 6, 25525.
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Publication 2016
1,4-benzoquinone Catalytic Domain DNA, Complementary Ethidium Bromide Gels Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases NADH Oligonucleotide Primers Oxidases Protein Subunits Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Reverse Transcription Sepharose trizol
2
Phytochemical Screening of Plant Extracts
The phytochemical screening was done using the standard protocols [21 –28 ]. Test for Alkaloids: 5 ml of extract was concentrated to yield a residue. Residue was dissolved in 3ml of 2% (v/v) HCl, few drops of Mayer’s reagent was added. Appearance of the dull white precipitate indicated the presence of basic alkaloids. Test for Coumarin: 4 ml extract solution was taken; 1–2 drops of water (hot) was added. Volume was made half (UV fluorescence). 10% NH4OH was added to another half volume (strong fluorescence). Presence of green fluorescence indicated the presence of Coumarin. Test for Saponins: 2 ml extract was shaken vigorously for 30 s in a test tube. Persistence of thick forth even after 30 mins indicated the presence of saponins. Test for Glycosides: 2 ml of extract was dried till 1 ml.1-2 ml NH4OH was added and shaken. Appearance of cherish red color indicated the presence of glycosides. Test for Reducing Sugars: 0.5 ml of extract was taken and 1ml distilled water was added. 5-8 drops of Fehling’s solution (hot) was added. Presence of brick red precipitation indicated the presence of reducing sugar. Test for steroids: 1 ml extract was dissolved in 10 ml chloroform. Equal volume of conc. H2SO4 was added by the side of test tube. Upper layer turned red and sulphuric acid layer turned yellow with green fluorescence. This indicated the presence of steroids. Test for Quinone: 1 ml of extract was taken.1 ml of conc. H2SO4 was added. Formation of red color indicated the presence of quinone. Test for Terpenoids: 5 ml of extract was taken and mixed with 2 ml of chloroform. 3 ml of conc. H2SO4 was added to form a layer. Reddish brown precipitate formation at the interface formed indicated the presence of terpenoids. Test for Tannins: About 0.5 g of the dried powdered samples was boiled in 20 ml of water in a test tube and then filtered. Few drops of 0.1% Ferric Chloride was added and observed for brownish green or a blue-black coloration. Test for Flavonoids: A portion of the powdered plant sample was heated with 10 ml of Ethyl Acetate over a steam bath for 3 min. The mixture was filtered and 4 ml of the filtrate was shaken with 1 ml of dilute Ammonia solution. A yellow coloration was observed indicating a positive test for flavonoids.
Bhandari J., Muhammad B., Thapa P, & Shrestha B.G. (2017). Study of phytochemical, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer properties of Allium wallichii. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 17, 102.
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Publication 2017
1,4-benzoquinone Alkaloids Ammonia Chloroform coumarin ethyl acetate ferric chloride Flavonoids Fluorescence Glycosides Phytochemicals Plants Saponins Steam Bath Steroids Sugars Sulfuric Acids Tannins Terpenes
3
qPCR Analysis of Antioxidant Genes
Quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) was performed using TaqMan® Probe-Based Gene Expression Assays supplied by Applied Biosystems, Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA). Individual TaqMan gene expression assays were selected for nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Briefly, total RNA was isolated from lung tissue of mice fed 0% FS, 10% FS, 10% FLC or 20% FLC for 3 weeks using a commercially available kit: RNeasy Plus Mini Kit, supplied by Qiagen (Valencia, CA). Total RNA was quantified using a NanoDrop 2000 (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA). Reverse transcription of RNA to cDNA was then performed on a Veriti® Thermal Cycler using the high capacity RNA to cDNA kit supplied by Applied Biosystems, Life Technologies. qPCR was performed using 25 ng of cDNA per reaction well on a StepOnePlus™ Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems). Gene expression data was normalized to 18S ribosomal RNA and was calibrated to untreated control samples according to the ΔΔCT method.
Christofidou-Solomidou M., Tyagi S., Pietrofesa R., Dukes F., Arguiri E., Turowski J., Grieshaber P.A., Solomides C.C, & Cengel K.A. (2012). Radioprotective Role in Lung of the Flaxseed Lignan Complex Enriched in the Phenolic Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside (SDG). Radiation research, 178(6), 568-580.
Publication 2012
1,4-benzoquinone Biological Assay DNA, Complementary Gene Expression HMOX1 protein, human Lung Mus NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) 1, human NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases NFE2L2 protein, human Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Reverse Transcription RNA, Ribosomal, 18S Tissues
4
Pregnancy PBPK Model Development and Validation
The workflow for constructing and translating a PBPK model to pregnant women (Fig. 1) has recently been described [12 (link)] and is summarized here, as it is relevant to this analysis. PBPK models for acetaminophen were developed for a non-pregnant population for IV administration and then, keeping distribution- and clearance-related parameters unchanged, for oral administration [13 (link)]. The demographic measures of the virtual subjects matched those of the in vivo study group, if the latter were reported. The non-pregnant PBPK model incorporated the PK-Sim® standard model structure comprising 18 compartments [14 (link)]. The model was evaluated by comparing the pharmacokinetic simulation with observed in vivo pharmacokinetic data taken from literature. If needed, drug-specific parameters were refined in the non-pregnant model by fitting the simulated plasma concentration–time curve to the observed data using Monte Carlo algorithm implemented in the software’s Parameter Identification toolbox. Thereafter, all drug-specific parameters, except the fraction unbound (fu), were fixed and the model was extrapolated to pregnant women by substituting the standard model structure with the pregnancy model structure, which includes nine additional compartments [2 (link), 12 (link)]. Pharmacokinetic predictions were performed in a population of pregnant women that matched anthropometric measures of the in vivo study group of pregnant women. If not reported, the mean gestational age-specific demographic measures available in PK-Sim® were used. Finally, pharmacokinetic predictions were evaluated by comparing the results with in vivo pharmacokinetic data taken from literature.

Schematic workflow of pregnancy physiologically based pharmacokinetic model development and validation. Css,avg average concentration at steady state, IV intravenous, NAPQI N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine, PBPK physiologically based pharmacokinetic, phys-chem physicochemical, PK pharmacokinetic

Mian P., van den Anker J.N., van Calsteren K., Annaert P., Tibboel D., Pfister M., Allegaert K, & Dallmann A. (2019). Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Characterize Acetaminophen Pharmacokinetics and N-Acetyl-p-Benzoquinone Imine (NAPQI) Formation in Non-Pregnant and Pregnant Women. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 59(1), 97-110.
Publication 2019
1,4-benzoquinone Acetaminophen Administration, Oral Gestational Age Imines N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine Pharmaceutical Preparations Plasma Pregnancy Pregnant Women
5
MetXBioDB: A Comprehensive Biotransformation Database
MetXBioDB is a database that consists of a manually curated collection of > 2000 experimentally confirmed biotransformations derived from the literature. It was developed to help with: (1) the design of biotransformation rules, (2) the training and validation of machine learning metabolism prediction models, and (3) the design of preference rules. Each biotransformation in MetXBioDB includes a starting reactant (structure and identifiers), a reaction product (structure and identifiers), the name or type of the enzyme catalyzing the biotransformation, the type of reaction, and one or more citations. For the purposes of this paper, a reactant is defined as a small molecule that binds to a specific enzyme and undergoes a metabolic transformation catalyzed by that enzyme. A biotransformation describes the chemical conversion or molecular transformation of a reactant to one or more products by a specific enzyme (or enzyme class) through a defined chemical reaction. Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450s) are responsible for > 90% of phase I oxidative reactions and > 75% of drug metabolism [58 ], while UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) and sulfotransferases (SULTs) are responsible for the phase II metabolism of most xenobiotics [59 (link), 60 ] In the gut microbiota, enzymatic reactions are mostly reductive, and are carried out by anaerobic bacteria due to the very low concentration of oxygen.
The “starting” reactants in the current version (version 1.0) of MetXBioDB primarily consist of xenobiotics such as drugs, pesticides, toxins and phytochemicals. The database also includes a small number of sterol lipids and a selected set of mammalian primary metabolites. In assembling MetXBioDB we gathered reaction data from the existing literature (> 100 references) along with data downloaded from publicly available databases such as DrugBank [38 (link)], PharmGKB [61 (link)], XMETDB [62 (link)], and SuperCYP [63 (link)]. These databases list over 1000 enzyme-substrate associations for the major CY4P50s and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). Along with published scientific reports, PhenolExplorer [64 (link)] and PhytoHub [40 ] were also used to compile information about the metabolism of polyphenolic compounds in the gut.
The data curation process consisted of three phases including: (1) the collection of biotransformation data, (2) the creation and annotation of biotransformation objects and, (3) data validation. This process was conducted collaboratively with a small team of chemistry experts. A detailed description of the data collection and curation process is provided in the Additional file 2. Additional file 2: Figure S2 illustrates one entry in MetXBioDB, corresponding to the oxidation of acetaminophen to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone (NAPQI). Overall, MetXBioDB contains > 2000 biotransformations, which include the cytochrome P450-catalyzed phase I reactions of ~ 800 unique starting reactants (and > 1500 reaction products), the phase II reactions of > 500 unique starting reactants (and > 600 reaction products) and human gut microbial metabolism of > 50 unique polyphenolic compounds.
Djoumbou-Feunang Y., Fiamoncini J., Gil-de-la-Fuente A., Greiner R., Manach C, & Wishart D.S. (2019). BioTransformer: a comprehensive computational tool for small molecule metabolism prediction and metabolite identification. Journal of Cheminformatics, 11, 2.
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Publication 2019
1,4-benzoquinone Acetaminophen Bacteria, Anaerobic Biotransformation Cytochrome P450 Enzymes Gastrointestinal Microbiome Glucuronosyltransferase Homo sapiens Lipid A Mammals Metabolism N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine Oxygen Pesticides Pharmaceutical Preparations Phytochemicals Sterols Sulfotransferase Toxins, Biological Xenobiotics

Most recents protocols related to «1,4-benzoquinone»

1
Electrochemical pH Modulation via Quinone Derivatives
Not available on PMC !

Example 22

Reversible electrochemical oxidation/reduction of pH modulation reagents such as quinone derivatives, hydrazine derivatives, or water have been demonstrated for a rapid pH change in a local region (Fomina et al., Lab Chip 16, pp. 2236-2244 (2016)). The pH modulation limit can depend on the pKa and oxidation/reduction potential of the specific pH modulation reagents, and their concentration. On-demand pH modulation by the oxidation of 2,5-dimethyl-1,4-hydroquinone and the reduction of the 2,5-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone on an indium-tin oxide electrode in 1 mM phosphate buffer was tested. FIG. 53 shows that when anodic current is applied to the electrode, the proton production overcomes the buffer capacity and pH of the solution becomes more acidic and vice versa.

US11867660B2. Electronic control of the pH of a solution close to an electrode surface (2024-01-09). Robert Bosch GmbH [DE]. Inventors: Christopher Johnson [US], Sam Kavusi [US], Nadezda Fomina [US], Habib Ahmad [US], Autumn Maruniak [US], Christoph Lang [US], Ashwin Raghunathan [US], Young Shik Shin [US], Armin Darvish [US], Efthymios Papageorgiou [US].
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Patent 2024
1,4-benzoquinone Acids Buffers derivatives DNA Chips hydrazine hydroquinone indium tin oxide Oxidation-Reduction Phosphates Protons
2
Benzoquinone Reduction with Sodium Dithionate
Not available on PMC !

Example 10

[Figure (not displayed)]

Sodium dithionate (18.7 g, 107.3 mmol, 7.3 equiv) was dissolved in 20 mL H2O and loaded into a separatory funnel. Next, a solution of benzoquinone (2 g, 14.7 mmol, 1 equiv) in 75 mL diethyl ether was added. The diphasic mix was stirred vigorously for 30 minutes and the organic layer changed color from orange to pale yellow. Organic phase was washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, and concentrated to yield a white solid (1.69 g, 83%).

US11867660B2. Electronic control of the pH of a solution close to an electrode surface (2024-01-09). Robert Bosch GmbH [DE]. Inventors: Christopher Johnson [US], Sam Kavusi [US], Nadezda Fomina [US], Habib Ahmad [US], Autumn Maruniak [US], Christoph Lang [US], Ashwin Raghunathan [US], Young Shik Shin [US], Armin Darvish [US], Efthymios Papageorgiou [US].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
1,4-benzoquinone brine Ethyl Ether hydroquinone sodium dithionate Sulfate, Magnesium
3
Photocatalytic Degradation and Reduction
The photocatalytic behaviour was investigated by the oxidation of methylene blue and reduction of Cr(VI). The photocatalytic performance was evaluated under simulated solar light using a 300 W Xe lamp (a high-pressure 150 W xenon lamp, LOT – QuantumDesign GmbH equipped with the AM1.5G filter). The intensity of the incident light that reaches the surface of the investigated solution was equal to 100 mWcm−2 (measured using a Coherentâ FieldMate Laser Power Meter). In a typical test, 20 mg of catalyst was placed in a 50 mL aqueous pollutant solution. The concentration of MB and Cr(VI) was 1·10–5 M. Before irradiation, the suspension was vigorously stirred in the dark for 30 min to reach desorption-adsorption equilibrium. The change in MB and Cr(VI) concentration was monitored by its absorption at 665 nm and 351 nm, respectively, from the UV–Vis (Spektrofotometr UV5100) spectra of the solution, using distilled water as a reference. A total of 0.75 ml of suspension was collected and centrifuged before UV‒Vis measurement. In the case of Cr(VI) photoreduction, the process was conducted in acidified (pH = 3) solutions.
To study the reusability of the prepared photocatalysts, the cycle experiment was repeated 4 times for the photodegradation of methylene blue. After each photodegradation test, the catalyst was collected by centrifugation, dried under natural conditions and used for the next degradation experiment. Moreover, to indicate the role of hydroxyl radicals (·OH), (h +) holes and superoxide radicals (·O2-) in the process of MB degradation, experiments were performed in the presence of appropriate scavengers: t-butanol (TBA), ammonium oxalate (AO) and benzoquinone (BQ). The concentration of each scavenger was equal to 1 mM.
Nadolska M., Szkoda M., Trzciński K., Ryl J., Lewkowicz A., Sadowska K., Smalc-Koziorowska J, & Prześniak-Welenc M. (2023). New light on the photocatalytic performance of NH4V4O10 and its composite with rGO. Scientific Reports, 13, 3946.
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Publication 2023
1,4-benzoquinone Adsorption Ammonium Oxalate blue 4 carbene Centrifugation Environmental Pollutants Gas Scavengers Hydroxyl Radical Light Methylene Blue Photodegradation Pressure Radiotherapy Superoxides tert-Butyl Alcohol Xenon
4
Graphene Oxide Composite Synthesis
Ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3, 99.0%), oxalic acid dihydrate (C2H2O4 × 2H2O, 97.0%), and methylene blue (MB > 98%) were obtained from Sigma‒Aldrich and used without further purification. Deionized water was used in all experiments (conductivity < 0,06 μS/cm). Graphene oxide (GO) employed in the composite synthesis was prepared using the modified Hummers method 69 (link). Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7, ≥ 99.0%) and ammonium oxalate (AO, ≥ 99%) were purchased from Merck. Benzoquinone (BQ, > 98%) and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA, > 99.5%) were received from CheMondis.
Nadolska M., Szkoda M., Trzciński K., Ryl J., Lewkowicz A., Sadowska K., Smalc-Koziorowska J, & Prześniak-Welenc M. (2023). New light on the photocatalytic performance of NH4V4O10 and its composite with rGO. Scientific Reports, 13, 3946.
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Publication 2023
1,4-benzoquinone ammonium metavanadate Ammonium Oxalate Anabolism Electric Conductivity graphene oxide Methylene Blue Oxalic Acid Potassium Dichromate tert-Butyl Alcohol
5
Substituted Indoles and Quinone Methides Synthesis
Substituted indoles (1a–m), 2-(hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)phenol
(9), and para-quinone methides (2a–x) were prepared following the reported
procedures, respectively.10b ,12d ,38 (link),39 (link)
Adris D., Taskesenligil Y., Akyildiz V., Essiz S, & Saracoglu N. (2023). Solvent-Mediated Tunable Regiodivergent C6- and N1-Alkylations of 2,3-Disubstituted Indoles with p-Quinone Methides. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 88(5), 3132-3147.
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Publication 2023
1,4-benzoquinone cresol Indoles

Top products related to «1,4-benzoquinone»

1
Sodium hydroxide (naoh) by Merck Group
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Sodium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white, odorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and is a strong base. It is commonly used in various laboratory applications as a reagent.
2
Benzoquinone by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Benzoquinone is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It functions as a powerful oxidizing agent and a precursor for the synthesis of other organic compounds. Benzoquinone is commonly utilized in analytical chemistry, organic synthesis, and biochemical research settings.
3
P benzoquinone by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
P-benzoquinone is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H4O2. It is a crystalline solid that serves as an important intermediate in various chemical processes. The core function of P-benzoquinone is to act as an oxidizing agent and a precursor for the synthesis of other organic compounds.
4
1 4 benzoquinone by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Austria
1,4-benzoquinone is a chemical compound that serves as a standard laboratory reagent. It is a yellowish-orange crystalline solid that has a distinctive odor. 1,4-benzoquinone is commonly used in various chemical and biological applications, such as redox reactions and as a precursor for the synthesis of other organic compounds. The core function of 1,4-benzoquinone is to facilitate these types of laboratory procedures.
5
Ethanol by Merck Group
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Ethanol is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a key component in various scientific applications, serving as a solvent, disinfectant, and fuel source. Ethanol has a molecular formula of C2H6O and a range of industrial and research uses.
6
Methanol by Merck Group
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Methanol is a clear, colorless, and flammable liquid that is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications. It serves as a solvent, fuel, and chemical intermediate. Methanol has a simple chemical formula of CH3OH and a boiling point of 64.7°C. It is a versatile compound that is widely used in the production of other chemicals, as well as in the fuel industry.
7
Hydrochloric acid (hcl) by Merck Group
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Hydrochloric acid is a commonly used laboratory reagent. It is a clear, colorless, and highly corrosive liquid with a pungent odor. Hydrochloric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas.
8
Sodium hydroxide (naoh) by Sinopharm
Sourced in China, United States, Argentina
Sodium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. Sodium hydroxide has a wide range of applications in various industries, including as a pH regulator, cleaning agent, and chemical intermediate.
9
Ammonium oxalate by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
Ammonium oxalate is a chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a crystalline solid that serves as a precipitating agent, particularly in the analysis and identification of various cations. The core function of ammonium oxalate is to facilitate the precipitation of certain metal ions, enabling their detection and quantification during analytical procedures.
10
Clark type oxygen electrode by Hansatech
Sourced in United Kingdom
The Clark-type oxygen electrode is a device used to measure the concentration of dissolved oxygen in a solution. It functions by using an electrochemical reaction to detect and quantify the amount of oxygen present in the sample.

More about "1,4-benzoquinone"

1,4-Benzoquinone, also known as p-benzoquinone or simply benzoquinone, is a versatile organic compound with a wide range of applications in chemical research and industry.
This highly reactive molecule has a distinctive yellow color and serves as a key intermediate in numerous synthetic pathways.
As a member of the quinone family, 1,4-benzoquinone is a versatile building block that can undergo a variety of chemical reactions, including oxidation, reduction, and addition reactions.
It is commonly used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and other fine chemicals. 1,4-Benzoquinone can also be used as an oxidizing agent, a polymerization initiator, and a reagent in organic synthesis.
In addition to its chemical applications, 1,4-benzoquinone has also been studied for its biological and environmental properties.
It is known to be toxic to certain organisms and can be used as a herbicide or insecticide. 1,4-Benzoquinone has also been investigated for its potential use in fuel cells and other electrochemical applications.
To optimize your 1,4-benzoquinone research, PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can provide access to the most reproducible and accurate experimental protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
By comparing experimental details side-by-side, you can identify the best approaches and products for your specific research needs, enhancing your 1,4-benzoquinone studies.
Whether you're working with 1,4-benzoquinone, sodium hydroxide, benzoquinone, p-benzoquinone, ethanol, methanol, hydrochloric acid, ammonium oxalate, or a Clark-type oxygen electrode, PubCompare.ai can help you streamline your research and ensure the most reliable and effective results.