The HADS contains 14 items and consists of two subscales: anxiety and depression. Each item is rated on a four-point scale, giving maximum scores of 21 for anxiety and depression. Scores of 11 or more on either subscale are considered to be a significant 'case' of psychological morbidity, while scores of 8–10 represents 'borderline' and 0–7 'normal' [6 (link)]. Emotional functioning and global quality of life was measured using the EORTC QLQ-C30 subscales. Emotional functioning contains 4 items and each item is rated on a four-point scale and global quality of life contains 2 items and each item is rated on a seven-point scale. A linear transformation was performed to standardize the row scores. Scores of each subscales range from 0 to 100 and the higher values indicate a higher (better) level of functioning and global quality of life [7 ]. Demographic data were collected using a short questionnaire at the patients' first clinic visit and included recording of age, educational level, and marital status. Disease stage was extracted from case records.
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4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenylsulfone
4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenylsulfone
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Most cited protocols related to «4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenylsulfone»
4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenylsulfone
Anxiety
Clinic Visits
Emotions
Patients
Patients completed the self-administered and validated German version of the HADS[19 (link)] The HADS measures depression and generalised anxiety in in- and outpatients and in community settings. It contains 14 statements describing symptoms of depression and anxiety (for example "I feel tense and irritable"). Response options for each question range from 0 to 3 and ask patients about their agreement with the statements or how often they apply (for example "most of the time, often, from time to time or not at al"). There are seven statements for each depression and anxiety. Domain scores range from 0 (no depression or anxiety) to 21 and following the standard convention scores ≥ 11 indicate a probable clinical diagnosis of depression or anxiety.
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4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenylsulfone
Anxiety
Conferences
Depressive Symptoms
Diagnosis
Feelings
Outpatients
Patients
The HADS comprises fourteen items: seven items measure symptoms of anxiety (HADS-A) and seven items measure symptoms of depression (HADS-D). Each item is coded 0 to 3, which gives a score varying between 0 and 21 for each scale. The version used is the French version introduced by Lepine et al. [45 ] and used since by Ravazi et al. [14 ], Friedman et al. [25 (link)] or Untas et al. [40 (link)], for example.
The HADS was preceded by socio-demographic questions. We kept the variables common to the companies. In this way, we possess information relative to gender, age category and occupational status for all our population.
The HADS was preceded by socio-demographic questions. We kept the variables common to the companies. In this way, we possess information relative to gender, age category and occupational status for all our population.
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4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenylsulfone
Anxiety
Depressive Symptoms
Gender
The questionnaire was divided into two parts; one part was specifically reflecting e.g. demographics, morbidity, and pharmacological treatment while the other part concerned psychological distress, symptoms of anxiety and depression, measured with HADS.
The HADS aims to measure symptoms of anxiety and depression and consists of 14 items, seven items for the anxiety subscale (HADS Anxiety) and seven for the depression subscale (HADS Depression). HADS Anxiety focus mainly on symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder and HADS Depression is focused on anhedonia, the main symptom of depression [23 ]. Each item is scored on a response-scale with four alternatives ranging between 0 and 3. After adjusting for six items that are reversed scored, all responses are summed to obtain the two subscales. Recommended cut-off scores according to Zigmond & Snaith [5 (link)] are 8–10 for doubtful cases and ≥11 for definite cases. An optimal balance between sensitivity and specificity was found using a cut-off score of 8 or above for both HADS Anxiety and HADS Depression [6 (link)].
The HADS aims to measure symptoms of anxiety and depression and consists of 14 items, seven items for the anxiety subscale (HADS Anxiety) and seven for the depression subscale (HADS Depression). HADS Anxiety focus mainly on symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder and HADS Depression is focused on anhedonia, the main symptom of depression [23 ]. Each item is scored on a response-scale with four alternatives ranging between 0 and 3. After adjusting for six items that are reversed scored, all responses are summed to obtain the two subscales. Recommended cut-off scores according to Zigmond & Snaith [5 (link)] are 8–10 for doubtful cases and ≥11 for definite cases. An optimal balance between sensitivity and specificity was found using a cut-off score of 8 or above for both HADS Anxiety and HADS Depression [6 (link)].
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4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenylsulfone
Anhedonia
Anxiety
Anxiety Disorders
Depressive Symptoms
Pharmacotherapy
Psychological Distress
The questionnaire was translated from English to Amharic by the author. The translated and the English versions of the HADS were then presented to health professionals working in the study area. The reviewers consisted of a panel of two experienced GPs, an internist, two nurses, a clinical psychologist, two psychiatric nurses, and a psychiatrist working at a teaching hospital. In addition, the scale was pretested on fifteen HIV infected patients and five non-patients where they were encouraged to comment on the acceptability and clarity of the items and the scale as a whole. The input of the patient and non-patient groups was also presented for the panel. The final translated items used for data collection were generated through consensus on the wording, clarity and cultural equivalence of items (refer to supporting file, File S1 , for the translated scale).
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4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenylsulfone
Health Personnel
Nurses
Patients
Psychiatrist
Psychologist
Most recents protocols related to «4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenylsulfone»
We used maternal questionnaire data of the FU waves T5-T9 to define three different groups of pre-pandemic family situations to allow simple identification of children possibly at risk. A child belonged to a specific group if maternal criteria for the group were fulfilled. Table 1 shows how groups of different pre-pandemic family situations were defined.
Groups of considered pre-pandemic family situations based on maternal questionnaire data of follow-up waves T5-T9
| Group # | Group name | Definition | Comment | N girls | N boys |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 300 | 288 | |||
| #1 | Depression or anxiety symptoms of mother | Mother has at least two times HADS_D score ≥ 8 or two times HADS_A score ≥ 8 in FU-waves T5-T8 | Group of children in which mother has either symptoms of depression or anxiety | 64 | 67 |
| #2 | Housing density | High housing density for at least two years between T5-T9 | Living space per person (m2/person) < median of specific FU-wave: T5 < 32.5, T6 < 32.5, T7 < 32.0, T8 < 32.5, T9 < 33.5 | 148 | 131 |
| #3 | Working days of mother | Mother works ≥ 5 days per week for at least one year in FU-waves T6-T9 | – | 150 | 115 |
FU follow-up
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4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenylsulfone
Anxiety
Child
Depressive Symptoms
Mental Health
Mothers
Pandemics
Patient demographic data were collected at baseline and included age, sex, first language, highest level of education, type of procedure undertaken, and American Society of Anesthesiologists grade (ASA).12 All data were collected on the ward at the participating centres.
From 1 March 2021 to 31 September 2021, 66 patients were screened for eligibility. Six participants were excluded: two patients were in severe pain, two reported feelings of anxiety, and two declined to participate in the study. Overall, 60 patients participated in the trial. Therefore, the recruitment rate for this trial was 90.91%. Of these 60, 32 were randomized to the standard method of informed consent and 28 were randomized to the detailed method and 30 (94%) and 26 (93%) were followed up in the standard and detailed groups, respectively. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials13 (link) flow diagram for recruitment is presented inFigure 1 .
Participant demographics and surgical procedures included in the study are presented inTable I . The mean age was 53 years (standard deviation (SD) 17.95). The most undertaken procedures were distal radius (40%; n = 24) and ankle fracture (38.3%; n = 23) fixations. Baseline demographic data were similar between groups.
The primary outcome measure was patient recall at 72 hours postoperatively using a seven-point interviewer-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire asked the participant details of potential complications (maximum three points), implants used (maximum three points), and postoperative instructions (maximum one point). A total score was calculated and was used as an overall measure of patient recall and had good face validity.
Secondary outcomes included perioperative anxiety using the HADS-A measured at 24 hours preoperatively and 72 hours postoperatively (minimum 0, maximum 21); postoperative satisfaction using the PSQ-18 measured at 72 hours postoperatively (minimum 0, maximum 90); perioperative pain using the VAS14 (link) measured at 24 hours preoperatively and 72 hours postoperatively (minimum 0, maximum 10); and recruitment rate estimated at the conclusion of the trial. The HADS-A and VAS pain change was calculated by subtracting the postoperative score from the preoperative score. The recruitment rate was defined as the percentage of patients recruited into the study from those that were screened. A rate of 75% of eligible participants was needed for the study to be considered feasible.
From 1 March 2021 to 31 September 2021, 66 patients were screened for eligibility. Six participants were excluded: two patients were in severe pain, two reported feelings of anxiety, and two declined to participate in the study. Overall, 60 patients participated in the trial. Therefore, the recruitment rate for this trial was 90.91%. Of these 60, 32 were randomized to the standard method of informed consent and 28 were randomized to the detailed method and 30 (94%) and 26 (93%) were followed up in the standard and detailed groups, respectively. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials13 (link) flow diagram for recruitment is presented in
Participant demographics and surgical procedures included in the study are presented in
The primary outcome measure was patient recall at 72 hours postoperatively using a seven-point interviewer-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire asked the participant details of potential complications (maximum three points), implants used (maximum three points), and postoperative instructions (maximum one point). A total score was calculated and was used as an overall measure of patient recall and had good face validity.
Secondary outcomes included perioperative anxiety using the HADS-A measured at 24 hours preoperatively and 72 hours postoperatively (minimum 0, maximum 21); postoperative satisfaction using the PSQ-18 measured at 72 hours postoperatively (minimum 0, maximum 90); perioperative pain using the VAS14 (link) measured at 24 hours preoperatively and 72 hours postoperatively (minimum 0, maximum 10); and recruitment rate estimated at the conclusion of the trial. The HADS-A and VAS pain change was calculated by subtracting the postoperative score from the preoperative score. The recruitment rate was defined as the percentage of patients recruited into the study from those that were screened. A rate of 75% of eligible participants was needed for the study to be considered feasible.
4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenylsulfone
Anesthesiologist
Ankle Fracture
Anxiety
Eligibility Determination
Feelings
Interviewers
Mental Recall
Operative Surgical Procedures
Pain
Patients
Radius
Satisfaction
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS [19 (link)]) was used to measure anxiety and depression across timepoints. It is a 14-item measure of symptoms of common mental disorders that avoid reliance on somatic symptoms of depression and anxiety. All items are weighted equally on a 4-point Likert scale, where 0 reflects a positive extreme and 3 indicates a negative extreme. The HADS is divided into an Anxiety subscale (HADS-A) and a Depression subscale (HADS-D) both of which contain seven items, which are summed to obtain scores ranging from 0 to 21. For each subscale, scores are classified as normal (0–7 points), mild (8–10 points), moderate (11–14) or severe (11–21), therefore scores above 8 are considered high. The HADS had good/excellent internal consistency at T (McDonald’s ω = 0.90), T + 4 (McDonald’s ω = 0.94), and T + 18 (McDonald’s ω = 0.91).
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4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenylsulfone
Anxiety
Depressive Symptoms
Diploid Cell
Mental Disorders
Reliance resin cement
The mean scores for depression, anxiety, and capability-based QoL across the three timepoints and a linear mixed effects model for repeated measures data are shown in Table 2 . The findings (see Table 2 ) indicate that both the levels of depression and anxiety significantly decreased across the three timepoints, indicating an improvement in mental health outcomes. On the other hand, there was no significant change in capability-based QoL over time.
Linear mixed effects model for repeated measures of ANOVA for HADS anxiety, HADS depression and Capability-related QoL (N = 596)
| T | T + 4 | T + 18 | F | p | df | ηp2 | Bonferroni Post hoc test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HADS depression | 7.59 (± 4.41) | 6.86 (± 4.41) | 6.45 (± 4.40) | 12.54 | < .001 | 2,1124 | .02 | T to T + 4 (p = .005) T to T + 18 (p < .002) T + 4 to T + 18 (p = .225) |
| HADS anxiety | 10.23 (± 4.99) | 9.77 (± 5.14) | 9.37 (± 4.91) | 5.75 | .003 | 2,1124 | .01 | T to T + 4 (p = .0210) T to T + 18 (p = .002) T + 4 to T + 18 (p = .346) |
| Capability-related QoL | 67.50 (± 12.92) | 67.80 (± 13.13) | 68.65 (± 12.68) | 1.39 | .249 | 2,1124 | < .01 | NA |
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4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenylsulfone
Anxiety
Mental Health
neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2, human
To examine the stability and relationship that capability-based QoL had with levels of anxiety and depression as assessed by the HADS over time (T, T + 4 and T + 18), two cross-lagged regression models were run.
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4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenylsulfone
Anxiety
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More about "4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenylsulfone"
4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenylsulfone, also known as AHDPS or 4-AHDPS, is a chemical compound with a range of applications in research and development.
This versatile molecule has been the subject of numerous studies, with researchers exploring its potential in various fields, including pharmaceutical development, materials science, and analytical chemistry.
One of the key advantages of 4-AHDPS is its ability to serve as a versatile building block for the synthesis of more complex molecules.
Researchers have utilized it in the development of novel drug candidates, where its unique chemical structure and properties can be leveraged to enhance therapeutic efficacy and target specificity.
Additionally, 4-AHDPS has found applications in the fabrication of advanced materials, such as polymers and composites, where its functional groups can be tailored to impart desirable physical and mechanical properties.
In the realm of analytical chemistry, 4-AHDPS has been employed as a derivatizing agent, enabling the detection and quantification of various analytes using techniques like high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), and mass spectrometry (MS).
These applications have been particularly useful in fields such as environmental monitoring, forensics, and pharmaceutical quality control.
To ensure the reproducibility and accuracy of 4-AHDPS-related research, researchers often rely on powerful data analysis tools, such as SAS version 9.4, SPSS version 20, SPSS version 24, SPSS version 26, and GraphPad Prism 7.
These software platforms provide robust statistical analysis capabilities, advanced data visualization, and intuitive user interfaces, allowing researchers to extract meaningful insights from their experimental data.
Leveraging the power of PubCompare.ai, researchers can now discover optimized research protocols for 4-AHDPS, drawing from a vast repository of literature, preprints, and patents.
This AI-driven platform helps identify the most effective approaches and products, ensuring that your 4-AHDPS research reaches new heights of success.
With PubCompare.ai, you can unlock the full potential of this versatile molecule and drive your scientific discoveries to new frontiers.
This versatile molecule has been the subject of numerous studies, with researchers exploring its potential in various fields, including pharmaceutical development, materials science, and analytical chemistry.
One of the key advantages of 4-AHDPS is its ability to serve as a versatile building block for the synthesis of more complex molecules.
Researchers have utilized it in the development of novel drug candidates, where its unique chemical structure and properties can be leveraged to enhance therapeutic efficacy and target specificity.
Additionally, 4-AHDPS has found applications in the fabrication of advanced materials, such as polymers and composites, where its functional groups can be tailored to impart desirable physical and mechanical properties.
In the realm of analytical chemistry, 4-AHDPS has been employed as a derivatizing agent, enabling the detection and quantification of various analytes using techniques like high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), and mass spectrometry (MS).
These applications have been particularly useful in fields such as environmental monitoring, forensics, and pharmaceutical quality control.
To ensure the reproducibility and accuracy of 4-AHDPS-related research, researchers often rely on powerful data analysis tools, such as SAS version 9.4, SPSS version 20, SPSS version 24, SPSS version 26, and GraphPad Prism 7.
These software platforms provide robust statistical analysis capabilities, advanced data visualization, and intuitive user interfaces, allowing researchers to extract meaningful insights from their experimental data.
Leveraging the power of PubCompare.ai, researchers can now discover optimized research protocols for 4-AHDPS, drawing from a vast repository of literature, preprints, and patents.
This AI-driven platform helps identify the most effective approaches and products, ensuring that your 4-AHDPS research reaches new heights of success.
With PubCompare.ai, you can unlock the full potential of this versatile molecule and drive your scientific discoveries to new frontiers.