Log In Sign up
The largest database of trusted experimental protocols
> Chemicals & Drugs > Organic Chemical > 4-PBA

4-PBA

4-PBA, also known as 4-phenylbutyric acid, is a small molecule with potential therapeutic applications.
It is a chemical compound that has been investigated for its effects on various biological processes, including protein folding and cellular stress response.
Researchers can utilize PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform to easily locate and compare 4-PBA research protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, allowing them to identify the most effective strategies for their studies.
This tool empowers scientists to streamline their 4-PBA research and unleash the power of AI-powered analysis, optimizing their protocols and advancing their understanding of this important compound.

Most cited protocols related to «4-PBA»

1
Thermal Stability Assay with Sypro Orange
Cited 5 times
Sypro Orange (Invitrogen), supplied as a 5,000X solution in dimethylsulfoxide, was diluted in the buffer solution (1:1000) and mixed well just prior to preparing samples for the assay. Reactions of 30 μL were prepared at room temperature and delivered to 96-well optical plates (Applied Biosystems) before sealing with optical film. To the protein solutions at a final concentration of 0.5–1.5 μM in Buffer B, 3 μL of diluted Sypro Orange were added. Except when indicated otherwise, maltose was present at 50 mM. Compounds tested for stability enhancement were obtained from commercial sources. Where indicated, TMAO and sarcosine were tested at 5 M in the reaction buffer, whereas 4-PBA was tested in a concentration range of 1 mM to 0.5 M. For all others, a 5 M stock was diluted to 3 M in Buffer B. Plates included a baseline control containing Sypro Orange with no protein. The pH of the final solutions did not deviate significantly from 7.
Fluorescence data were acquired on an Applied Biosciences Step-One Plus RT-PCR instrument equipped with fixed excitation wavelength (480 nm) and ROX® emission filter (610 nm). Melts were conducted from 25–95°C with a 1 °C per min increase. No difference in Tm was observed when the rate of heating was slowed to 0.5 °C per min. Above a minimum threshold of protein concentration required to observe a discrete transition, no dependence of protein concentration on Tm was observed. Data were processed using GraphPad Prism. After baseline subtraction, data were trimmed to include the boundaries and the transition of interest and normalized. The reported Tm is the inflection point of the sigmoidal curve, which was fit as described previously (34 (link)).
Burns J.N., Orwig S.D., Harris J.L., Watkins J.D., Vollrath D, & Lieberman R.L. (2010). Rescue of glaucoma-causing mutant myocilin thermal stability by chemical chaperones. ACS chemical biology, 5(5), 477-487.
Publication 2010
4-PBA Biological Assay Buffers Fluorescence Maltose Melting prisma Proteins Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Sarcosine Staphylococcal Protein A Sulfoxide, Dimethyl trimethyloxamine Vision
2
Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Oxidative Stress
Cited 4 times
ROS levels were measured in VSMCs that had been pre-treated with NoxA1ds (Nox1 inhibitor), GKT137831 (Nox1/4 inhibitor) and 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) (ER stress inhibitor) and stimulated with Ang II. Lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence was used to detect NADPH-dependent superoxide anion (O2-) production in VSMC16 (link). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels were assessed by Amplex Red Hydrogen Peroxide/Peroxidase Assay Kit.
Camargo L.L., Harvey A.P., Rios F.J., Tsiropoulou S., de Oliveira Silva R.D., Cao Z., Graham D., McMaster C., Burchmore R.J., Hartley R.C., Bulleid N., Montezano A.C, & Touyz R.M. (2018). Vascular Nox compartmentalization, protein hyperoxidation and ER stress response in hypertension. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 72(1), 235-246.
Publication 2018
4-PBA 4-phenylbutyric acid Biological Assay Chemiluminescence GKT137831 Lucigenin NADP Peroxidase Peroxide, Hydrogen Superoxides
3
Gentamicin Assay for Brucella suis Infection
Cited 4 times
Goat trophoblast cells (GTCs) were immortalized by transfection with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT; Dong et al., 2013 (link)); these cells were provided by professor Dewen Tong (Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China). A standard gentamicin protection assay was carried out to determine the number of intracellular B.suis.S2 bacteria. GTCs were seeded in six-well plates (5 × 105 cells per well) and infected with B.suis.S2 at 100:1 MOI. Multiwell plates were placed at 37°C in 5% CO2. After 4 h of incubation, the GTCs were washed three times with PBS and further cultured with cell culture medium containing 50 μg/ml gentamicin to eliminate B.suis.S2 cells adhering to the GTCs and in the culture medium. After 1 h, the GTCs were washed three times with PBS and further cultured with cell culture medium containing 25 μg/ml gentamicin. This time was considered to be the beginning of the intracellular growth of B.suis.S2 within GTCs and the time point of treatment with Tm (ER stress activator), 4-PBA (ER stress antagonist), Irestatin9389 (IRE1α antagonist), or chloroquine (autophagy antagonist). The cells and supernatants were collected, and relevant experiments were performed at specific times (−1, 12, 24, or 48 h). A schematic of the B.suis.S2 infection assays is presented in Figure 1A. The process of B.suis.S2-mCherry infection of GTCs was observed under a Nikon A1R si confocal microscope system, and the numbers of invasive B.suis.S2 bacteria were determined. GTCs were treated with 0.1 ml of 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 min at 37°C, and the lysates were diluted in PBS and plated onto TSA to determine the colony-forming units (CFU; Posadas et al., 2012 (link)).
Wang X., Lin P., Li Y., Xiang C., Yin Y., Chen Z., Du Y., Zhou D., Jin Y, & Wang A. (2016). Brucella suis Vaccine Strain 2 Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress that Affects Intracellular Replication in Goat Trophoblast Cells In vitro. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 6, 19.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2016
4-PBA Autophagy B-Lymphocytes Bacteria Biological Assay Cell Culture Techniques Cells Chloroquine Culture Media Cytotrophoblasts ERN1 protein, human Gentamicin Goat Infection Microscopy, Confocal Physiology, Cell Protoplasm TERT protein, human Transfection Triton X-100 Trophoblast
4
Cardiomyocyte Contractility and Calcium Flux
Cited 4 times
HL-1 cardiomyocyte contractility and Ca2+ flux were recorded using a video edge-recognition system (IonOptix, MyoCam-S, Dublin, Ireland), as previously described [39 (link),79 (link)]. Briefly, 106 cells were seeded into 35 mm glass-bottom tissue culture dishes (Corning) and cultured at 37°C and 5% CO2 until approximately >75% of the cells were spontaneously contracting (2–3 days). Experiments were performed on spontaneously contracting as well as on paced cardiomyocytes (at 5 Hz) and comparable results were obtained. Cells that showed irregular contractions or no response to electrical stimulation were excluded. After one minute of recording, treatment was gently perfused across the cells and contractility was recorded for a period of 30 min. In experiments with chemical inhibitors (Go6976 or LY333531 (Sigma) or 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA, Calbiochem), these were pre-incubated with the cells for 1 h prior to PLY treatment. All recordings were performed at 37°C. Mechanical parameters of contractility (Peak Shortening, TTP, tR90, +dL/dt and -dL/dt) were analyzed using the Ion-Wizard 6.0 software.
For Ca2+ flux recording, Fura-2AM (Invitrogen) (10 μM) was incubated with cells for 45 min, washed and incubated at 37°C for a further 10 min in fully supplemented Claycomb medium to allow the dye to de-esterify. Cells were then mounted into an inverted microscope and intracellular calcium flux was recorded continuously using an Optoscan monochromator fluorescence photometry (Cairn Research, Faversham, Kent, UK) for 30 min after treatment. Fluorescence signals were elicited by alternate excitations with respective wavelengths of 340 and 380 nm at 250 Hz and recorded at 510 nm through a photomultiplier tube. In order to quantify [Ca2+]i, cells were treated with (10 mM) Caffeine (Sigma,UK) to get the maximum (Rmax) and (25 mM) EDTA to get the minimum (Rmin) intensity. [Ca2+]i = Kd*(R-Rmin)/(Rmax-R)*Sf2/Sb2, where Kd is the Fura-2AM dissociation constant (set at 225 nM). The values of Sb2 and Sf2 correspond to fluorescence excited by the denominator wavelength under conditions of saturating calcium levels (bound state) and in the absence of calcium (calcium-free state) respectively.
Alhamdi Y., Neill D.R., Abrams S.T., Malak H.A., Yahya R., Barrett-Jolley R., Wang G., Kadioglu A, & Toh C.H. (2015). Circulating Pneumolysin Is a Potent Inducer of Cardiac Injury during Pneumococcal Infection. PLoS Pathogens, 11(5), e1004836.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2015
4-PBA 4-phenylbutyric acid Aftercare Caffeine Calcium Cells Edetic Acid Fluorescence fura-2-am Go 6976 Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal inhibitors Microscopy Muscle Contraction Myocytes, Cardiac Photometry Protoplasm Stimulations, Electric Tissues
5
Cell Viability Assay Using MTT
Cited 2 times
MTT test was performed as previously described (14 , 21 (link)).
Briefly, in a 96-well plate, approximately 5,000 cells were
seeded in each well. Different concentrations of TMAO,
4-PBA, or tunicamycin were then added to the wells in six
replications for each group. Subsequently, each well was
incubated with 20 ul of 3-(4 (link), 5 -Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,
5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide solution for 3.5 hours.
Formation of crystals was then confirmed by microscopic
assessment and then each well was incubated with 100 μl of
MTT solvent for 4 hours at room temperature in the dark. A
microplate reader instrument (Synergy HTX, BioTek, USA)
was used to measure the absorbance of each well at 570 nm.
Corrected absorbance was used to calculate the viability of
treated and untreated cells using the following equation: %
cell viability=(mean of sample absorbance /mean of control
absorbance)×100
Hakhamaneshi M.S., Abdolahi A., Vahabzadeh Z., Abdi M, & Andalibi P. (2021). Toll-Like Receptor 4: A Macrophage Cell Surface Receptor Is Activated by Trimethylamine-N-Oxide. Cell Journal (Yakhteh), 23(5), 516-522.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2021
4-PBA Bromides Cells Cell Survival Solvents trimethyloxamine Tunicamycin

Most recents protocols related to «4-PBA»

1
Optimizing Coronavirus PLP2-TM Expression
A series of vectors were constructed to satisfy the experimental needs, and all plasmids were verified by sequencing. To obtain high expression of PLP2-TM homologues of coronaviruses in eukaryotic cells, the codon usage of PLP2-TM homologues (1,588–2,120aa of pp1a of SADS-CoV, GenBank accession no. MG557844.1; 1563-2408aa of pp1a of SARS-CoV-2, GenBank accession no. QVM14311.1; 1,239–1,908aa of pp1a of IBV, GenBank accession no. NP_040829.1; 702-1657aa of pp1a of PDCoV, GenBank accession no. QUM93286.1) and nsp4 gene of SADS-CoV were optimized on the basis of the human codon usage frequency. The target genes were cloned into pCAGGS-HA with in-frame fusion with N-terminal HA tag. The cDNAs for swine ATF6 (GenBank accession no. XM_021089510) and GRP78 (GenBank accession no. NM_005347) protein were cloned into the pCMV-Myc and pCMV-Flag vectors to generate the recombinant plasmids pMyc-ATF6 and pFlag-GRP78, respectively. The plasmids pGFP-LC3, pGFP-RFP-LC3 [73 (link)], and pHA-EIF2S1 [29 (link)] were described previously. The anti-SADS-CoV N monoclonal antibody derived from mouse was kept in our laboratory. The antibodies against LC3 (ab51520), ATG5 (ab108327), p62 (ab56416), GRP78 (ab21685), p-IEF2S1 (Ser 51) (ab32157), p-IRE1 (Ser 724) (ab48187), ATF6 (ab122897), p-JNK (ab124956), p-Bcl-2 (ab218123), Vps34 (ab124905), Beclin 1 (ab210498), total EIF2S1 (ab5369), total IRE1 (ab37073), total Bcl-2 (ab32124), total JNK (ab179461), and HA (ab9110) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA). The antibodies against Flag (F1804), GAPDH (G9545), Myc (M4439), and mouse lgG (whole molecule)-tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC) antibody produced in goat (T5393) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Rapamycin (R0395), 3-methyladenine (M9281), chloroquine diphosphate salt (C6628), 4-PBA (P21005), DTT (D9779), salubrinal (324897), and 4μ8C (412512) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Shi D., Zhou L., Shi H., Zhang J., Zhang J., Zhang L., Liu D., Feng T., Zeng M., Chen J., Zhang X., Xue M., Jing Z., Liu J., Ji Z., He H., Guo L., Wu Y., Ma J, & Feng L. (2023). Autophagy is induced by swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus through the cellular IRE1-JNK-Beclin 1 signaling pathway after an interaction of viral membrane-associated papain-like protease and GRP78. PLOS Pathogens, 19(3), e1011201.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
3-methyladenine 4-PBA activating transcription factor 6, human Antibodies Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic BCL2 protein, human BECN1 protein, human chloroquine phosphate Cloning Vectors Codon Usage Coronavirus DNA, Complementary Eukaryotic Cells GAPDH protein, human Genes Glucose Regulated Protein 78 kDa Goat Homo sapiens Immunoglobulins Mus Plasmids Proteins Reading Frames Salts salubrinal SARS-CoV-2 Sirolimus Sus scrofa Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate
2
Apelin-13 Alleviates ER Stress-Induced Apoptosis
Anti-PERK (3192), anti-p-PERK (3179S), anti-CHOP (2895), anti-caspase-4 (4450), anti-cleaved caspase-3 (Cleaved caspase-3) (9664) and anti-GAPDH (5174) antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling (Danvers, USA). Anti-CHOP (15204-1-AP), anti-78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) (66574-1-Ig), anti-Nuclear respiratory factor 2 (Nrf2) (16396-1-AP), anti-Keap1 (60027-1-Ig), anti-GAPDH (10494-1-AP) and anti-β-actin (20536-1-AP) were obtained from Proteintech (Chicago, USA). Anti-apelin (ab125213) and anti-caspase-12 (ab62484) were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Anti-β-tubulin (GB11017) was obtained from Servicebio (Wuhan, China). All secondary antibodies were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Apelin-13 (A6469, purity ≥ 95.0%) and 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) (P21005) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). GSK2656157 (5.04651) was purchased from EMD Millipore (Massachusetts, USA). Tunicamycin (TM) (ab120296) was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Iohexol was purchased from GE Healthcare (Shanghai, China).
Liu Q., Duan S.B., Wang L., Luo X.Q., Wang H.S., Deng Y.H., Wu X., Wu T., Yan and P, & Kang Y.X. (2023). Apelin-13 alleviates contrast-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Renal Failure, 45(1), 2179852.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
4-PBA 4-phenylbutyrate Actins Antibodies apelin-13 peptide APLN protein, human CASP4 protein, human Caspase 3 Caspase 12 DDIT3 protein, human GA-Binding Protein Transcription Factor GAPDH protein, human Glucose Regulated Protein 78 kDa GSK2656157 Iohexol KEAP1 protein, human Tubulin Tunicamycin
3
Apelin-13 Alleviates ER Stress-Induced Apoptosis
Anti-PERK (3192), anti-p-PERK (3179S), anti-CHOP (2895), anti-caspase-4 (4450), anti-cleaved caspase-3 (Cleaved caspase-3) (9664) and anti-GAPDH (5174) antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling (Danvers, USA). Anti-CHOP (15204-1-AP), anti-78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) (66574-1-Ig), anti-Nuclear respiratory factor 2 (Nrf2) (16396-1-AP), anti-Keap1 (60027-1-Ig), anti-GAPDH (10494-1-AP) and anti-β-actin (20536-1-AP) were obtained from Proteintech (Chicago, USA). Anti-apelin (ab125213) and anti-caspase-12 (ab62484) were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Anti-β-tubulin (GB11017) was obtained from Servicebio (Wuhan, China). All secondary antibodies were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Apelin-13 (A6469, purity ≥ 95.0%) and 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) (P21005) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). GSK2656157 (5.04651) was purchased from EMD Millipore (Massachusetts, USA). Tunicamycin (TM) (ab120296) was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Iohexol was purchased from GE Healthcare (Shanghai, China).
Liu Q., Duan S.B., Wang L., Luo X.Q., Wang H.S., Deng Y.H., Wu X., Wu T., Yan and P, & Kang Y.X. (2023). Apelin-13 alleviates contrast-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Renal Failure, 45(1), 2179852.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
4-PBA 4-phenylbutyrate Actins Antibodies apelin-13 peptide APLN protein, human CASP4 protein, human Caspase 3 Caspase 12 DDIT3 protein, human GA-Binding Protein Transcription Factor GAPDH protein, human Glucose Regulated Protein 78 kDa GSK2656157 Iohexol KEAP1 protein, human Tubulin Tunicamycin
4
Improving Protein Folding and Trafficking
To assess the ability of sub-physiological temperature incubation to improve protein folding and trafficking, cells expressing Cx30.3 or EKVP-linked mutants were incubated at 26°C for 48 h, fixed and subsequently immunolabelled as described earlier. To assess the potential for rescue of EKVP-linked mutants with chemical chaperones, connexin or mutant expressing cells were treated with 5 mM 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA; MilliporeSigma, Cat# 1716-12-7), or 500 μM tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA; MilliporeSigma, Cat# 14605-22-2). Drug treated cells were fixed and immunolabelled as described earlier. Connexin or mutant expressing cells treated with 10% (v/v) glycerol Caledon Laboratories, Georgetown, ON, Canada Cat# 5350-1) for 24 and 48 h were grown in glass-bottom 35 mm dishes and live-imaged as described earlier.
Lucaciu S.A., Figliuzzi R., Neumann R., Nazarali S., Del Sordo L., Leighton S.E., Hauser A., Shao Q., Johnston D., Bai D, & Laird D.W. (2023). GJB4 variants linked to skin disease exhibit a trafficking deficiency en route to gap junction formation that can be restored by co-expression of select connexins. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 11, 1073805.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
4-PBA 4-phenylbutyrate Cells Connexins Erythrokeratodermia Variabilis GIT1 protein, human GIT2 protein, human Glycerin Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Molecular Chaperones Pharmaceutical Preparations physiology tauroursodeoxycholic acid
5
4-PBA Intervention for JEV Infection
JEV (106.5 TCID50) was intracranially injected into the 5-week-old BALB/c mice. The 4-PBA diluent is recommended by the instructions. 4-PBA (80 mg/kg) is injected once before the challenge. After the challenge, 4-PBA is injected once a day for a total of 9 times. After the blood is collected from the eye vein of mice, the brain tissue is taken for pathological section, immunohistochemistry, Western blot and qPCR. Pathological section and immunohistochemistry experiment and result analysis are contracted by Wuhan Pinofei Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China.
Wang S., Yang K., Li C., Liu W., Gao T., Yuan F., Guo R., Liu Z., Tan Y., Hu X., Tian Y, & Zhou D. (2023). 4-Phenyl-butyric Acid Inhibits Japanese Encephalitis Virus Replication via Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response. Viruses, 15(2), 534.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
4-PBA BLOOD Brain Immunohistochemistry Mice, House Mice, Inbred BALB C Tissues Veins Western Blot

Top products related to «4-PBA»

1
4 pba by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, China, Japan
4-PBA is a laboratory reagent used for analytical and research purposes. It serves as a chemical compound with specific physical and chemical properties that can be utilized in various experimental procedures. The core function of 4-PBA is to provide a standardized and reliable chemical component for scientific investigations, without elaboration on its intended applications.
2
Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Japan, Canada, Italy, France, Switzerland, New Zealand, Brazil, Belgium, India, Spain, Israel, Austria, Poland, Ireland, Sweden, Macao, Netherlands, Denmark, Cameroon, Singapore, Portugal, Argentina, Holy See (Vatican City State), Morocco, Uruguay, Mexico, Thailand, Sao Tome and Principe, Hungary, Panama, Hong Kong, Norway, United Arab Emirates, Czechia, Russian Federation, Chile, Moldova, Republic of, Gabon, Palestine, State of, Saudi Arabia, Senegal
Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
3
4 phenylbutyric acid 4 pba by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) is a chemical compound that can be used as a laboratory reagent. It is a colorless, crystalline solid with a molecular formula of C10H12O2. 4-PBA has a variety of potential applications in research and development, but a detailed description of its core function would require more specific information about the intended use, which is not provided.
4
4 phenylbutyrate 4 pba by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) is a chemical compound used in laboratory research applications. It functions as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, which can be used to study cellular processes and gene expression. The core function of 4-PBA is to modulate HDAC activity in experimental settings, although its specific applications may vary depending on the research context.
5
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe, France, Macao, India, Canada, Switzerland, Japan, Australia, Spain, Poland, Belgium, Brazil, Czechia, Portugal, Austria, Denmark, Israel, Sweden, Ireland, Hungary, Mexico, Netherlands, Singapore, Indonesia, Slovakia, Cameroon, Norway, Thailand, Chile, Finland, Malaysia, Latvia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Pakistan, Uruguay, Bangladesh
DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
6
Thapsigargin by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Sao Tome and Principe, Italy, France, Japan, Canada, Spain, Macao, Belgium, Switzerland
Thapsigargin is a naturally occurring compound isolated from the plant Thapsia garganica. It functions as a selective inhibitor of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pump, which is responsible for the active uptake of calcium ions into the endoplasmic reticulum. Thapsigargin is a valuable tool for researchers studying calcium signaling and homeostasis in biological systems.
7
Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Australia, Canada, Japan, Italy, Switzerland, Belgium, Austria, Spain, Israel, New Zealand, Ireland, Denmark, India, Poland, Sweden, Argentina, Netherlands, Brazil, Macao, Singapore, Sao Tome and Principe, Cameroon, Hong Kong, Portugal, Morocco, Hungary, Finland, Puerto Rico, Holy See (Vatican City State), Gabon, Bulgaria, Norway, Jamaica
DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) is a cell culture medium formulated to support the growth and maintenance of a variety of cell types, including mammalian cells. It provides essential nutrients, amino acids, vitamins, and other components necessary for cell proliferation and survival in an in vitro environment.
8
Rpmi 1640 medium by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, China, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, France, Canada, Australia, Italy, Switzerland, Belgium, New Zealand, Spain, Israel, Sweden, Denmark, Macao, Brazil, Ireland, India, Austria, Netherlands, Holy See (Vatican City State), Poland, Norway, Cameroon, Hong Kong, Morocco, Singapore, Thailand, Argentina, Taiwan, Province of China, Palestine, State of, Finland, Colombia, United Arab Emirates
RPMI 1640 medium is a commonly used cell culture medium developed at Roswell Park Memorial Institute. It is a balanced salt solution that provides essential nutrients, vitamins, and amino acids to support the growth and maintenance of a variety of cell types in vitro.
9
Tunicamycin by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Sao Tome and Principe, Macao, United Kingdom, China, Canada, France, Ireland, Poland
Tunicamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic compound that inhibits the synthesis of N-linked glycoproteins. It is commonly used as a laboratory tool for research purposes.
10
Streptomycin by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, China, France, Canada, Australia, Japan, Switzerland, Italy, Belgium, Israel, Austria, Spain, Netherlands, Poland, Brazil, Denmark, Argentina, Sweden, New Zealand, Ireland, India, Gabon, Macao, Portugal, Czechia, Singapore, Norway, Thailand, Uruguay, Moldova, Republic of, Finland, Panama
Streptomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor, targeting the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, which plays a crucial role in the translation of genetic information into proteins. Streptomycin is commonly used in microbiological research and applications that require selective inhibition of bacterial growth.

More about "4-PBA"

4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) is a small organic compound that has garnered significant attention in the scientific community due to its potential therapeutic applications.
Also known as 4-phenylbutyrate, this chemical substance has been extensively studied for its effects on various biological processes, including protein folding and cellular stress response.
Researchers can leverage the power of AI-driven platforms like PubCompare.ai to streamline their 4-PBA research.
This innovative tool allows scientists to easily locate and compare research protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, enabling them to identify the most effective strategies for their studies.
By harnessing the power of AI-powered analysis, researchers can optimize their 4-PBA protocols and advance their understanding of this important compound.
Beyond 4-PBA, related compounds and research techniques have also been explored in the context of 4-PBA studies.
Fetal bovine serum (FBS), for instance, is a common cell culture supplement used in experiments involving 4-PBA.
Additionally, researchers have investigated the use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent for 4-PBA, as well as the effects of other compounds, such as thapsigargin and tunicamycin, on cellular stress pathways.
The versatility of 4-PBA has also led to its investigation in various cell culture media, including DMEM and RPMI 1640 medium.
These culture environments provide the necessary nutrients and conditions for studying the biological impact of 4-PBA on different cell types.
By leveraging the insights gained from the MeSH term description and the metadescription, scientists can effectively navigate the landscape of 4-PBA research, utilizing the latest tools and techniques to optimize their protocols and advance their understanding of this promising therapeutic compound.
With the power of AI-driven analysis at their fingertips, researchers can streamline their 4-PBA studies and unlock new possibilities in the field of biomedical research.