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A 103

A 103 is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H6O2.
It is a colorless, crystalline solid with a distinctive floral odor.
A 103 is used as a fragrance additive in various consumer products, such as perfumes, lotions, and soaps.
It is also employed as a precursr in the synthesis of other organic compounds.
Researhcers may utilize PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven platform, to identify optimal protocols and products for A 103-related studies, streamlining their workflow and driving innovation.

Most cited protocols related to «A 103»

1
Comprehensive human leukocyte transcriptome database
Cited 73 times
The NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) was searched for human primary cell expression datasets. Data sets were selected based on the following three criteria: (1) chip platform (Affymetrix human genome U133 plus 2.0 expression arrays); (2) cell type studied; (3) availability of raw data (.cel) files. Accordingly, a diverse set of human leukocyte gene expression data was collected comprising a total of 1,103 chips from 105 separate studies. All raw data (.cel) files were downloaded and the quality of the raw data from each dataset was reanalysed using the arrayQualityMetrics package in Bioconductor (http://www.bioconductor.org) and scored on the basis of 5 metrics, namely maplot, spatial, boxplot, heatmap and rle. Any array failing on more than one QC metric was removed from the dataset. Normalisation of all data was performed independently using the robust multi-array average (RMA) expression measure
[51 (link)]. Probesets were then annotated using latest annotation available in Bioconductor (26 June 2009) and samples ordered according to cell-type grouping to ease interpretation of the data (iPS cells, ES cells, BM, BM progenitors, macrophages, lymphocytes etc.).
Mabbott N.A., Baillie J.K., Brown H., Freeman T.C, & Hume D.A. (2013). An expression atlas of human primary cells: inference of gene function from coexpression networks. BMC Genomics, 14, 632.
Publication 2013
A 103 Cells DNA Chips Embryonic Stem Cells Gene Expression Genome, Human Homo sapiens Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Leukocytes Lymphocyte Macrophage
2
Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Assay
Cited 46 times
Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxic activity mediated by the patient plasma/sera and the HIVIG polyclonal IgG preparation was detected according to our modification of the previously described GranToxiLux (GTL) cell-mediated cytotoxicity procedure (23 (link),24 (link)). The assay was performed in 96-well plates as follows and outlined in Figure 1A. Infected and uninfected target cells were counted, washed, resuspended in R10 at 1×106 cell/ml, and labeled with a fluorescent target-cell marker (TFL4; OncoImmunin, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD) and a viability marker (NFL1; OncoImmunin, Inc.) for 15 minutes in a 37°C water bath as specified by manufacturer. After two washes using 10 ml of R10, viable cells were counted using a Guava PCA (Millipore, Billerica, MA) and adjusted to reach a final viable effector to viable target ratio of 30:1 or 10:1 when PBMC and NK cells were used as effector cells, respectively. Twenty-five μl of each effector and target cell suspension and 75 μl of GzB substrate (OncoImmunin, Inc.) were dispensed into each well of a 96-well V-bottom plate. After incubation for 5 minutes at room temperature (RT), 25μl of the appropriate antibody or IgG dilutions were added to the target/effector cell suspension and incubated for 15 minutes at RT. The plates were subsequently centrifuged for 1 minute at 300 × g, and incubated for 1 hour at 37°C and 5% CO2. After two washes with WB, cells were resuspended in 225μl of WB, placed at 4°C, and acquired directly from the assay plate with the LSRII (BD Bioscience, San Jose, California) within 6 hours using the High-Throughput-System (HTS, BD Bioscience, San Jose, California). A minimum of 2.5×103 and 5×103 events representing viable gp120-coated and infected target cells, respectively, was acquired for each condition. The signal for each fluorophore was detected using: 1) 640nm/40mW laser and 660/20 filter for TFL4; 405nm/50mW laser and 450/50 filter for NFL1; 3) 488nm/20mW laser and the combination of 505LP with 525/50 filters for the GzB substrate. Because of the spectral properties of the fluorescent molecules utilized in this panel, manual compensation of the signals was not required to analyze the data, as previously reported (24 (link)). Data analysis was performed using FlowJo 8.8.4 software. The investigators developed a dedicated analysis template that reflects the gating strategy illustrated in Figure 1B.
Pollara J., Hart L., Brewer F., Pickeral J., Packard B., Hoxie J.A., Komoriya A., Ochsenbauer C., Kappes J.C., Roederer M., Huang Y., Weinhold K.J., Tomaras G.D., Haynes B.F., Montefiori D.C, & Ferrari G. (2011). High throughput quantitative analysis of HIV-1 and SIV-specific ADCC-mediating antibody responses. Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, 79(8), 603-612.
Publication 2011
A 103 Bath Biological Assay Cells Cytotoxin HIV Envelope Protein gp120 HIV hyperimmune globulin Immunoglobulins Natural Killer Cells Patients Plasma Psidium guajava Serum Technique, Dilution
3
Generation of Cas9 Guide RNA Plasmids
Cited 37 times
DNA oligonucleotides (Supplementary Table 1) harboring variable 20 nt sequences for Cas9 targeting were annealed to generate short double-strand DNA fragments with 4 bp overhangs compatible with ligation into BsmBI-digested plasmid pMLM3636. Cloning of these annealed oligonucleotides generates plasmids encoding a chimeric +103 single-chain guide RNA with 20 variable 5’ nucleotides under expression of a U6 promoter9 (link), 11 (link). pMLM3636 and the expression plasmid pJDS246 (encoding a codon optimized version of Cas9) used in this study are both available through the non-profit plasmid distribution service Addgene (http://www.addgene.org/crispr-cas).
Fu Y., Foden J.A., Khayter C., Maeder M.L., Reyon D., Joung J.K, & Sander J.D. (2013). High frequency off-target mutagenesis induced by CRISPR-Cas nucleases in human cells. Nature biotechnology, 31(9), 822-826.
Publication 2013
A 103 Chimera Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats Codon DNA, Double-Stranded Ligation Nucleotides Oligonucleotides Plasmids RNA, Single Guide
4
Genetic Determinants of Lipid Profiles in Samoans
Cited 21 times
The participants in this study are derived from the populations of the Independent State of Samoa and the US territory of American Samoa. We used two samples in this study: a discovery sample of 3,072 phenotyped and genotyped Samoans and a replication sample of 2,103 phenotyped and genotyped Samoans and American Samoans (Supplementary Table 1). An additional sample of 409 phenotyped and genotyped Samoan children was not included in the main analyses, but analyses with our associated variants were also conducted in this sample. Details about participant recruitment can be found in the Supplementary Note. The parent GWAS, sample selection and data collection methods, and phenotype levels, including those of lipids and lipoproteins, have been reported3 (link). This study has been approved by the Health Research Committee of the Samoa Ministry of Health and the institutional review boards of Brown University, the University of Cincinnati, and the University of Pittsburgh. All participants gave informed consent.
In the original GWAS study design, our goal of a discovery sample size of 2,500 (which we exceeded) was chosen so as to have high power to detect risk-associated SNPs with realistic effect sizes. Power was estimated as follows: we used Quanto34 (link),35 (link) to estimate the power to detect the rs9930506 SNP in FTO, which in the Sardinia study36 (link) explained 1.34% of variance in BMI. If we assume that this SNP has the same allele frequencies and that BMI has the same overall mean values and standard deviation as in Scuteri et al.36 (link), then at a significance level of 1 × 10−5 power is ≥80% when the risk-associated SNP explains at least 1.1% of the variance (and power is 90% when the SNP explains 1.3% of the variance). If we instead test at a threshold of 1 × 10−7, power is ≥80% if the SNP explains at least 1.5% of the variance.
Minster R.L., Hawley N.L., Su C.T., Sun G., Kershaw E.E., Cheng H., Buhule O.D., Lin J., Reupena M.S., Viali S., Tuitele J., Naseri T., Urban Z., Deka R., Weeks D.E, & McGarvey S.T. (2016). A thrifty variant in CREBRF strongly influences body mass index in Samoans. Nature genetics, 48(9), 1049-1054.
Publication 2016
A 103 Child DNA Replication Ethics Committees, Research Genome-Wide Association Study Lipids Lipoproteins Parent Phenotype Population Group
5
Multilineage Differentiation of Engineered MSCs
Cited 16 times
SCP-1 (47th passage, PDL 57), SCP-11 (68th passage, PDL 82) and hTERT-hMSCs (52nd passage, PDL 57) were differentiated towards adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages [18 (link)]. Untransduced cells were used as a positive control. As a negative control both untransduced and transduced cells were cultured under identical conditions in standard medium (D-MEM, high glucose, glutamin, pyruvate) supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% Pen-Strep solution without differentiation supplements.
In vitro osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was performed as previously published [18 (link)] using 100 nM dexamethasone, 10 mM β-glyc-erophosphate, 50 μM L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (Sigma). A total of 5 × 103 cells/well were seeded in a 6-well plate. After 16 days, cells were assayed by von Kossa staining using a standard protocol.
Adipogenic differentiation was accomplished as previously published [18 (link)] by 1 μM dexamethasone, 0.2 mM indomethacin, 0.1 mg/ml insulin, 1 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthin (IBMX) (Sigma). The maintenance medium consists of 0.1 mg/ml insulin in standard medium. A total of 4 × 103 cells/well were seeded in a 12-well plate. Stimulation was started when cells reached full confluency. Cells were grown for 5 days in induction medium, thereafter for 2 days in maintenance medium and then switched to induction medium again. After 16 days of stimulation, the cells were assayed by oil red O staining using a standard protocol.
Chondrogenic differentiation was achieved in aggregate cultures as previously published [18 (link)] with 100 nM dexamethasone, 1 mM pyruvate, 195 μm L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, 350 μM L-proline, 1.25% (v/v) insulin-transferrin-selenious acid mix (ITS, 100×), 5.35 μg/ml linolic acid, 1.25 mg/ml bovine serum albumine (BSA) (Sigma) and TGF-β3 (10 ng/ml; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA). A total of 2.5 × 105 cells were used per pellet. Sections of the size of 12 μm were cut with a cryostat vacutome HM 200 OM (Microm, Walldorf, Germany). Anionic sulphated proteoglycans were detected by toluidine blue metachromasia. Slices were stained in 1% toluidine blue solution (Sigma, Munich, Germany), 1% sodium tetraborate (Sigma, Munich, Germany).
Böcker W., Yin Z., Drosse I., Haasters F., Rossmann O., Wierer M., Popov C., Locher M., Mutschler W., Docheva D, & Schieker M. (2008). Introducing a single-cell-derived human mesenchymal stem cell line expressing hTERT after lentiviral gene transfer. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 12(4), 1347-1359.
Publication 2008
A 103 Acid, Selenious Adipogenesis ascorbate-2-phosphate Cells Chondrogenesis Dexamethasone Dietary Supplements Glucose Glutamine Indomethacin Insulin Linoleic Acid Osteogenesis Proline Proteoglycan Pyruvate Serum Albumin, Bovine sodium borate Streptococcal Infections SYCP1 protein, human Tolonium Chloride Transferrin

Most recents protocols related to «A 103»

1
Clonogenic Assay for Cell Survival
A total of 2 × 103 AMC-HN-8- and TU177-transfected cells were seeded into the respective well of a six-well plate and incubated at 37°C in a humidified incubator containing 5% CO2. Ten days later, the cell colonies were rinsed gently with PBS in triplicate, fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 min, and then stained with 0.5% crystal violet for 20 min. Lastly, the number of colonies formed with more than 50 cells per well was calculated using a microscope (CKX53, Olympus Corp.) at 200× magnification.
Yu L., Cao H., Yang J.W., Meng W.X., Yang C., Wang J.T., Yu M.M, & Wang B.S. (2023). HDAC5-mediated PRAME regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Open Medicine, 18(1), 20230665.
Publication 2023
A 103 Cells Microscopy paraform Violet, Gentian
2
Enteric Pathogen Burden and Gut Microbiome
Our primary outcomes include: any bacteria or protozoa infection at age 12 months after birth; individual pathogens or pathogen groups; child gut microbiome composition; and household source water quality. We include viral, protozoal and bacterial pathogens responsible for the vast majority of enteric pathogen infections and global disease burden.96 97 (link) While we measure viral pathogens using the TAC assay, they will be excluded from the combined enteropathogen prevalence primary outcome measure, because waterborne transmission is unlikely to dominate for these viral pathogens.98–101 (link) In addition to the aforementioned reasons related to child development and infection risk, measuring pathogens at 12 months will give us the greatest power to detect a difference, given higher levels of infection at that age than in younger children. We will measure gut microbiome using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing in the full sample at 12 months and in a random subset of 200 children with complete data at 3, 6 and 9 months, evenly distributed between intervention and control groups; dyads eligible for subset sampling will include those with complete stool sample collection and unchanged intervention exposure conditions. The 12-month samples will allow us to compare all study children at a common time, when all children are consuming drinking water and once the gut microbiome has become relatively established102 (link); the longitudinal samples will allow for comparison of development of the microbiome over time between the two groups. Microbiome outcomes include alpha and beta diversity metrics, and identification of enriched taxonomic groups. We also include household source water quality as a primary exposure outcome, as understanding whether exposure to microbial contaminants is altered is considered a critical aspect of evaluation of WASH projects.71 103 (link)
Additional non-primary outcomes include pathogen count, pathogen community similarity (measured using Jaccard Similarity Index), diarrhoea, child growth and prior enteropathogen infection (measured using serology on dried blood spot samples). We will measure additional water quality exposure measures, as well as measures of exposure to the improved water system, such as fidelity of the intervention (eg, improvements to water quantity and coverage of household taps) and receipt of the intervention by community members (eg, reductions in water insecurity, increased water use). These fidelity and uptake measures will be collected at all time points through direct observation and respondent report. Available minimal detectable effect sizes are summarised in table 1 and calculations are further detailed in the online supplemental material.
Levy K., Garn J.V., Cumbe Z.A., Muneme B., Fagnant-Sperati C.S., Hubbard S., Júnior A., Manuel J.L., Mangamela M., McGunegill S., Miller-Petrie M.K., Snyder J.S., Victor C., Waller L.A., Konstantinidis K.T., Clasen T.F., Brown J., Nalá R, & Freeman M.C. (2023). Study design and rationale for the PAASIM project: a matched cohort study on urban water supply improvements and infant enteric pathogen infection, gut microbiome development and health in Mozambique. BMJ Open, 13(3), e067341.
Publication 2023
A 103 Bacteria Biological Assay Birth BLOOD Child Child Development Diarrhea Feces Gastrointestinal Microbiome Households Infection Microbiome pathogenesis Protozoan Infections Ribosomal RNA Genes Specimen Collection Transmission, Communicable Disease Water Insecurity Youth
3
Metabolomic profiling of MSI cancer
The case study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the National Cheng Kung University Hospital (NCKUH) (A-ER-103–395, B-ER-110–342, and B-ER-110–418), and the healthy control study was approved by the IRB of NCKUH (B-ER-110–442). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. We used LC‒MS for amino acid and related amine analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for nonamine metabolite analysis. Plasma was collected from a patient with MSI cancer and healthy control subjects. Protein precipitation using methanol was carried out as described by Gowda [30 (link)]. NMR experiments were conducted at 298 K on a Bruker Avance III 600 MHz spectrometer (Billerica, MA, USA) equipped with a triple-inverse probe and a Z-gradient. CPMG (Carr − Purcell − Meiboom − Gill) pulse sequences and presaturation for water suppression were used for 1H 1D NMR experiments. For the LC‒MS-based metabolomics study, the amino acid derivatives were prepared according to the methods described in the Kairos™ amino acid kit manual of Waters™ (Milford, MA, USA). The precipitated samples were derivatized using the AccQ Tag™ Derivatization kit (Waters Corporation). The LC‒MS system consisted of an ACQUITY® UPLC® H-Class Plus System (Waters Corporation) and an ACQUITY® QDa® Mass Detector (mass spectrometry detector; Waters Corporation) equipped with an electrospray ionization interface. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry (UPLC-QDa, UPLC‒MS) was used for analysis. A CORTECS® UPLC® C18 column (2.1 mm × 150 mm, 1.6 μm particle size) was used for compound separation. Information regarding the identified metabolites was confirmed in our preliminary results by matching the LC‒MS or NMR information with the analysis of various metabolites of the internal standard.
Li C.I., Yeh Y.M., Tsai Y.S., Huang T.H., Shen M.R, & Lin P.C. (2023). Controlling the confounding effect of metabolic gene expression to identify actual metabolite targets in microsatellite instability cancers. Human Genomics, 17, 18.
Publication 2023
A 103 Amines Amino Acids derivatives Ethics Committees, Research Gills Healthy Volunteers Liquid Chromatography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Malignant Neoplasms Mass Spectrometry Methanol Patients Plasma Proteins Pulse Rate
4
HuMoSC Chemotaxis Assay with Inhibitors
HuMoSC chemotaxis was assessed using Boyden chambers with 10 μm pore polycarbonate filters. The lower chamber was filled with undiluted supernatants of control TAB or GCA-TAB cultivated for five days in MATRIGEL. A total of 30.103 HuMoSC/well in 50 µL of 10% FBS RPMI medium were loaded in the upper chamber. In selected chambers, an antagonist of CCR2 (Calbiochem, used at 100 nM) or CCR5 (maraviroc, R&D Systems, used at 1 µM) was added. After 4.5-hour incubation, the polycarbonate membrane was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and washed before counting number of cells/field.
Samson M., Genet C., Corbera-Bellalta M., Greigert H., Espígol-Frigolé G., Gérard C., Cladière C., Alba-Rovira R., Ciudad M., Gabrielle P.H., Creuzot-Garcher C., Tarris G., Martin L., Saas P., Audia S., Bonnotte B, & Cid M.C. (2023). Human monocyte-derived suppressive cells (HuMoSC) for cell therapy in giant cell arteritis. Frontiers in Immunology, 14, 1137794.
Publication 2023
A 103 CCR5 protein, human Chemotaxis Eosin Maraviroc matrigel polycarbonate Tissue, Membrane
5
Aging Challenges in Ghanaian Elderly
Data were collected from 103 persons aged 65 and above in the Kwahu South District of Ghana. A multistage sampling approach (simple random and purposive) as demonstrated by Palinkas et al. [28 (link)] was adopted in selecting the respondents of the study. The district was divided into five clusters, of which one was randomly selected for the study using the lottery method for the study. Within the one cluster randomly selected, a total of 103 respondents were selected purposively to complete the administered questionnaires. This was adequate to produce robust estimates because Tabachnick and Fidell [29 ] had prescribed a minimum sample of 50 for computing robust estimates adequately. The purposive sampling was used to select persons within the age of interest and who are also of sound mind. The purpose of the study was explained to each potential participant and those who were of sound mind, willing, and could comprehend the issues that were selected to partake in the study. The elderly who were very ill, mentally unstable, and or had slurred speech were excluded from the study. Six of the participants did not provide enough information for the questionnaire administered, and thus, they were exempted from the analysis. Six other participants who were identified as key informants were selected purposively for a focus group discussion (FGD). The six people selected had lived at the study site for an average of 17 years and were therefore thought to be conversant with the challenges the aged like themselves face. Additionally, they comprised of a pastor, market queen, pensioneer, retired dietitian, retired district doctor, and a retired headmaster and by these characteristics, they are previewed to the challenges faced by the elderly within the population.
Amfo-Antiri A., Agyapong N.A, & Cobbah L. (2023). Dietary Habits and Nutritional Challenges of the Elderly in Ghana. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2023, 3011067.
Publication 2023
A 103 Aged Dietitian Pastors Physicians Respiratory Diaphragm Sound Speech

Top products related to «A 103»

1
Cell counting kit 8 (cck8) by Dojindo Laboratories
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The Cell Counting Kit-8 is a colorimetric assay for the determination of cell viability and cytotoxicity. It utilizes a water-soluble tetrazolium salt that produces a water-soluble formazan dye upon reduction in the presence of an electron carrier. The amount of the formazan dye generated is directly proportional to the number of living cells.
2
Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (mtt) by Merck Group
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MTT is a colorimetric assay used to measure cell metabolic activity. It is a lab equipment product developed by Merck Group. MTT is a tetrazolium dye that is reduced by metabolically active cells, producing a colored formazan product that can be quantified spectrophotometrically.
3
Microplate reader by Bio-Rad
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The Microplate reader is a laboratory instrument used to measure the absorbance or fluorescence of samples in a microplate format. It can be used to conduct various assays, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), cell-based assays, and other biochemical analyses. The core function of the Microplate reader is to precisely quantify the optical properties of the samples in a multi-well microplate.
4
Cell counting kit 8 cck 8 by Dojindo Laboratories
Sourced in Japan, United States, China, Germany
The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) is a colorimetric assay used to measure the number of viable cells in cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. It utilizes a water-soluble tetrazolium salt that is reduced by cellular dehydrogenases, resulting in the formation of a colored formazan dye. The amount of formazan dye is directly proportional to the number of living cells in the culture, which can be quantified by measuring the absorbance of the solution.
5
Cck 8 by Dojindo Laboratories
Sourced in Japan, United States, China, Germany
CCK-8 is a cell counting kit used to measure cell viability and proliferation. It utilizes a water-soluble tetrazolium salt that is reduced by living cells, producing a colored formazan dye that can be quantified using a spectrophotometer. The amount of formazan dye produced is directly proportional to the number of living cells in the sample.
6
Matrigel by BD
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Matrigel is a solubilized basement membrane preparation extracted from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) mouse sarcoma, a tumor rich in extracellular matrix proteins. It is widely used as a substrate for the in vitro cultivation of cells, particularly those that require a more physiologically relevant microenvironment for growth and differentiation.
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Crystal violet by Merck Group
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Crystal violet is a synthetic dye commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a dark purple crystalline solid that is soluble in water and alcohol. Crystal violet has a variety of applications in the field of microbiology and histology, including as a staining agent for microscopy and in the gram staining technique.
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Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) by Merck Group
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DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
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Mtt solution by Merck Group
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MTT solution is a biochemical assay used to measure cell viability and proliferation. It is a colorimetric assay that relies on the conversion of the yellow tetrazolium salt MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) into purple formazan crystals by the mitochondrial enzymes of living cells. The amount of formazan produced is directly proportional to the number of viable cells, which can be quantified using a spectrophotometer.
10
Epidermal growth factor (egf) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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EGF is a lab equipment product from Thermo Fisher Scientific. It is a recombinant human Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) protein. EGF is a growth factor that plays a role in cell proliferation and differentiation.

More about "A 103"

A103, also known as 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, is a versatile organic compound with a wide range of applications.
This colorless, crystalline solid has a distinctive floral aroma, making it a popular fragrance additive in various consumer products, such as perfumes, lotions, and soaps.
Beyond its fragrance uses, A103 serves as a precursor in the synthesis of other organic compounds, making it an important building block for chemical researchers and manufacturers.
When conducting studies related to A103, scientists often utilize advanced analytical techniques and tools to assess its properties and behavior.
One commonly employed method is the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, which allows for the quantitative determination of viable cell numbers.
This non-radioactive, colorimetric assay relies on the reduction of a water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-8) by dehydrogenase enzymes in living cells, resulting in the formation of a water-soluble formazan dye.
The intensity of the colored solution, measured using a Microplate reader, is directly proportional to the number of living cells.
Another useful technique in A103-related studies is the MTT assay, which is based on the reduction of the yellow tetrazolium salt MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) to a purple formazan product by metabolically active cells.
This method can be used to assess cell viability, proliferation, and cytotoxicity.
In addition to these cell-based assays, researchers may employ Matrigel, a basement membrane extract, to investigate the effects of A103 on cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis.
The Crystal violet staining technique can also be utilized to quantify adherent cells, while DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) is often used as a solvent for A103 and other compounds in experimental settings.
By leveraging the insights and tools provided by platforms like PubCompare.ai, scientists can streamline their A103-related research, identify optimal protocols and products, and drive innovation in this dynamic field of study.