Analysis of APAP protein adducts. After protease digestion, APAP-cysteine (APAP-CYS) adducts were measured in cells and in the culture medium by LC-MS/MS as described in detail in the
Acetaminophen
It is a non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic drug that works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins in the central nervous system.
Acetaminophen is commonly used to treat headaches, muscle aches, arthritis, menstrual cramps, and cold and flu symptoms.
It is generally considered safe when taken as directed, but can cause liver damage if taken in excessibve amounts or combined with alcohol.
Proper dosage and caution are important when using acetaminophen, especially in children and older adults.
Most cited protocols related to «Acetaminophen»
A cross-reactivity study was performed to evaluate other SARS viruses (human CoV-229E [HCoV-229E], HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, and untyped HCoV), and samples from patients with conditions caused by other viruses, other organisms, or atypical immune system activity (nuclear autoantibodies, herpesvirus B, herpesvirus C, influenza A virus, influenza B virus, respiratory syncytial virus,
Most recents protocols related to «Acetaminophen»
Example 2
Dosage forms B and C were prepared as follows. 20 wt % acetaminophen drug particles were first mixed with the excipient, 80 wt % HPMC of molecular weight 120 kg/mol. The mixture was then combined with a solvent, either DMSO (for preparing dosage form B) or water (for dosage form C). The volume of solvent per mass of excipient was 5.5 ml/g and 3.33 ml/g, respectively, for preparing dosage forms B and C. The drug-excipient-solvent mixture was then extruded through a laboratory extruder to form a uniform viscous paste. The viscous paste was put in a syringe equipped with a hypodermic needle of inner radius, Rn=130 μm (for preparing dosage form B) or Rn 500 μm (for preparing dosage form C). The paste was then extruded through the needle and patterned as a fibrous dosage form with cross-ply arrangement of fibers. The nominal inter-fiber distance in a ply was uniform and equal to 730 μm (for preparing dosage form B) or 2800 μm (for preparing dosage form C). During and after patterning, warm air at a temperature of 60° C. and a velocity of about 2.3 m/s was blown over the fibrous dosage forms for a time, tdry˜40 minutes, to evaporate the solvent and freeze the structure. The process parameters to prepare the dosage forms are summarized in Table 1. After drying, the structure was trimmed to a square disk shaped dosage form of side length, L0˜8 mm. The thickness, H0, of the dosage forms B and C was about 3 mm.
Single fibers B and C were prepared as dosage forms B and C, but without structuring the fibrous extrudate to a dosage form.
For the pilot study, we used data on use of prophylactic indomethacin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen in preterm infants available from existing evidence published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.13 (link),14 (link),15 (link) For the formal study, updated evidence from the recent Cochrane review and network meta-analysis by Mitra et al16 (link) was used. Evidence on prophylactic use of hydrocortisone was drawn from a 2019 individual patient data meta-analysis by Shaffer et al.17 (link)
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All hemodialysis patients aged>18 years of the two dialysis units who had
been treated with chronic outpatient intermittent hemodialysis for at least
three months were asked to participate in the study. Patients with impaired
vision that might interfere with SMBG, reading FGM values, and completing a
study diary were excluded. Further exclusion criteria were a history of allergic
reaction to the material of FreeStyle Libre and regular intake of paracetamol as
it potentially interferes with the measurement method
8 (link)
9 (link)
21 (link)
. The patient
screening was based on patient history in the electronic health records.
We separately analyzed paired FGM and SMBG values obtained during the regular
pre-prandial and nighttime measurements, the pre- and postprandial measurements
from the second and third day of the study, and measurements obtained on
dialysis and non-dialysis days. All participants with at least 50%
paired measurements available over a period of at least 7 days were included in
the primary analysis. Participants with fewer paired measurements during a
shorter period of time or with unreliable data due to non-compliance, acute
illness, or prolonged use of paracetamol were excluded. We used Bland-Altman
plots and paired t-tests to compare the difference between paired glucose values
measured by SMBG vs. FGM. We further calculated the mean absolute difference
(MAD) and the mean absolute relative difference (MARD) for each patient, for all
measurements, and for subgroups of patients or measurement values, as defined.
For the comparison of mean difference, MAD and MARD between dialysis vs.
interdialytic days, between the first 5 days vs. the remainder of the study
period, and between pre- vs. postprandial values, we used a t-test, and for the
comparison between patients with vs. without diabetes and patients with high vs.
low ultrafiltration volume, we used a nested t-test. Agreement between FGM and
SMBG readings was further analyzed using the Surveillance error grid
22 (link)
, available at
Statistical analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel version 2013 and R
software, version 4.0.2 (R Core Team 2020. R: A language and environment for
statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
URL
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More about "Acetaminophen"
It is a non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic drug that works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins in the central nervous system.
Acetaminophen is commonly used to treat headaches, muscle aches, arthritis, menstrual cramps, and cold and flu symptoms.
It is generally considered safe when taken as directed, but can cause liver damage if taken in excessivve amounts or combined with alcohol.
Proper dosage and caution are important when using acetaminophen, especially in children and older adults.
Acetaminophen is a versatile medication that can be used in combination with other drugs, such as caffeine or diclofenac, to enhance its effectiveness.
It can also be used topically, as in the case of DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) formulations, to target specific areas of pain.
Phenacetin, a related compound, was once used as a pain reliever but has largely been replaced by acetaminophen due to its potential for adverse effects.
The manufacturing process of acetaminophen typically involves the use of sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, and methanol, among other chemicals.
Understanding the chemical properties and interactions of these substances can help researchers and formulators optimize the production and formulation of acetaminophen-based products.
Leveraging the power of AI-driven platforms like PubCompare.ai can help researchers and clinicians identify the most effective and safe protocols for acetaminophen research and application.
By comparing protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, users can make informed decisions and optimize their acetaminophen-related studies and therapies.