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Acetyl acetonate

Q: What are some common uses for Acetyl acetonate?

Acetyl acetonate is a versatile organic compound with a wide range of applications. It is commonly used as a chelating agent, often serving as a ligand in coordination complexes. Acetyl acetonate has also been studied for its potential applications in catalysis, medicinal chemistry, and materials science.

Most cited protocols related to «Acetyl acetonate»

Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanocrystals

IONCs with an edge length of 16 ± 2 nm were prepared
according to previously reported protocol.^{19 (link),35 (link)} Briefly, 1 mmol (0.353 g) of iron(III) acetyl acetonate, 4 mmol
(0.69 g) of decanoic acid, 7 mL squalene, and 18 mL of dibenzyl ether
were dissolved in a 100 mL three-neck flask. After degassing for 120
min at 65 °C, the mixture was heated up to 200 °C at a rate
of 3 °C/min, and this was maintained for 2.5 h. Later, the reaction
temperature was raised to 310 °C (at a rate of 7° C/min),
and the reaction continued for 1 more hour. Next, the solution was
cooled down to room temperature, and 60 mL of acetone was added and
centrifuged at a rate of 4500 rpm. After two washes, the dark pellet
was redispersed in 15 mL of chloroform.

Avugadda S.K., Materia M.E., Nigmatullin R., Cabrera D., Marotta R., Cabada T.F., Marcello E., Nitti S., Artés-Ibañez E.J., Basnett P., Wilhelm C., Teran F.J., Roy I, & Pellegrino T. (2019). Esterase-Cleavable 2D Assemblies of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanocubes: Exploiting Enzymatic Polymer Disassembling To Improve Magnetic Hyperthermia Heat Losses. Chemistry of Materials, 31(15), 5450-5463.

Publication 2019

Acetone acetyl acetonate Chloroform decanoic acid Iron Neck Squalene

Synthesis of Al2O3–Gd2O3 Photocatalysts

Al₂O₃–Gd₂O₃ mixed oxides with different concentration of Gd₂O₃ (Al–Gd-x, where x = 2.0, 5.0, 15.0, 25.0, 50.0 wt% of Gd₂O₃) were synthesized by the standard sol–gel method using organic precursors, in brief: a required volume of aluminum tri-sec-butoxide, Al(sec-but.)₃, (Aldrich) was dissolved in a three mouth glass flask containing 10 mL of 2-methylpentane 2,4-diol (JT Baker) as a complexing agent. The precursor solution was heated at 70 °C under continuous stirring for 1 h. After that, the solution was cooled down to 50 °C and then a required amount of gadolinium acetyl-acetonate, Gd(AcAc)₃, (Aldrich) previously dissolved in acetone at 40 °C was added. The precursor solution was kept at 50 °C being continuously stirred for 1 h. Then, a volume of 10 mL of deionised water was added to the solution drop wise. The obtained gels were aged at 50 °C for 4 h and then aged again now at 70 °C during 16 h. After that, the solids were dried at 110 °C for 12 h followed by calcination under static air at 650 °C for 4 h to obtain Al₂O₃–Gd₂O₃ composite oxides. Pure Al₂O₃ (Al) was prepared the same method as described above but without the addition of gadolinium acetyl-acetonate. Also, pure Gd₂O₃ (Gd) was prepared by calcination of gadolinium acetyl-acetonate powder at 800 °C by 5 h. Calcined Al₂O₃, Gd₂O₃ and Al–Gd-x mixed oxides were impregnated with silver acetyl-acetonate, Ag(AcAc)₂ (Aldrich) dissolved in toluene in appropriated amounts to obtain photocatalysts with theoretically 2.0 wt% of Ag₂O. Finally, the impregnated solids were dried at 110 °C for 12 h followed by calcination in an oven at 500 °C for 3 h.

Barrera A., Tzompantzi F., Campa-Molina J., Casillas J.E., Pérez-Hernández R., Ulloa-Godinez S., Velásquez C, & Arenas-Alatorre J. (2018). Photocatalytic activity of Ag/Al2O3–Gd2O3 photocatalysts prepared by the sol–gel method in the degradation of 4-chlorophenol. RSC Advances, 8(6), 3108-3119.

Publication 2018

Acetone acetyl acetonate Aluminum disilver oxide gadolinium acetylacetonate Gels Oral Cavity Oxides Powder Silver Toluene

Synthesis of Cobalt-Doped Magnetite Nanoparticles

The synthesis of cobalt-doped Fe₃O₄ magnetite NPs was carried out by thermal decomposition (TD), which consists of the precursor reaction at 260 °C to produce NPs. For the TD process, the following chemicals were mixed in 20 mL benzyl ether (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, 98%) solution: iron (III) acetyl acetonate (1 mmol, Sigma-Aldrich 97%), cobalt acetyl acetonate (0.5 mmol Sigma Aldrich 97%) and an organic surfactant of 0.1 M Triton X-100. Before heating, the solution was exposed to a nitrogen atmosphere (N₂) to remove oxygen and other gases from the solution. Then, the temperature was increased to 100 °C and the N₂ gas exposure was discontinued. The temperature was then increased to 260 °C and maintained for 60 min. This leads to the formation of monodisperse CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles, which possess a characteristic dark brown color. The solution was left at room temperature for 24 h and subsequently rinsed and centrifuged for 5 cycles at 8000 RPM. In the first three cycles, 5 mL of 98% methanol was used, while in the last two cycles, 5 mL of double-distilled water was used for washing the magnetic nanoparticle solution. After centrifugation and washing, the precipitate was added into 15 mL of double-distilled water.

Medina M.A., Oza G., Ángeles-Pascual A., González M. M., Antaño-López R., Vera A., Leija L., Reguera E., Arriaga L.G., Hernández Hernández J.M, & Ramírez J.T. (2020). Synthesis, Characterization and Magnetic Hyperthermia of Monodispersed Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapeutics. Molecules, 25(19), 4428.

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Publication 2020

acetyl acetonate Atmosphere Centrifugation Cobalt cobalt ferrite Ethyl Ether Iron Magnetite Methanol Nitrogen Oxide, Ferrosoferric Oxygen Surfactants Triton X-100

NMR Characterization of Ionic Liquid-Treated Lignins

The lignins from IL treatments were assayed using the following NMR methods:

³¹P-NMR Analysis [12 (link)]. An accurately weighed amount of lignin (approximately 30 mg) was dissolved in 425 μL of anhydrous CDCl₃/pyridine solution (1:1.6 (v/v)). 100 μL of a standard solution of cholesterol (0.1 M in anhydrous CDCl₃/pyridine solution) containing Cr(III) acetylacetonate as the relaxation agent was added. Finally, 75 μL of 2-chloro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane (Cl-TMDP, 95%, Sigma-Aldrich) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The mixture was then transferred into 5 mm NMR tubes, and the spectra were measured on a Bruker (Billerica, MA, USA) AVANCE 400 MHz spectrometer equipped with a 5 mm double resonance broadband BBI inverse probe (256 scans at 20 °C), operated by Topspin software (Version 3.5). All chemical shifts reported are relative to the reaction product of water with Cl-TMDP, which gives a sharp signal in pyridine/CDCl₃ at 132.2 ppm. NMR data were processed with MestreNova (Version 8.1.1, Mestrelab Research, Santiago de Compostela, Spain).

HSQC Measurements. Samples of around 50 mg were dissolved in 600 μL DMSO-d₆ (providing NMR sample solutions with concentrations of around 83 mg/mL); chromium acetyl acetonate was added as spin-relaxing agent at a final concentration of ca. 1.5–1.75 mg/mL. HSQC spectra were recorded at 303 K on a Bruker (Billerica, MA, USA) AVANCE 400 MHz spectrometer equipped with a 5 mm double resonance broadband BBI inverse probe operated by TopSpin software (Version 3.5). The Bruker hsqcetgp pulse program in DQD acquisition mode was used, with NS = 32; TD = 2048 (F2), 512 (F1); SW = 15.0191 ppm (F2), 149.9819 ppm (F1); O2 (F2) = 2000.65 Hz, O1 (F1) = 7545.96 Hz; D1 = 2 s; CNST2 (¹J(C–H) = 145; acquisition time F2 channel = 85.1968 ms, F1 channel = 8.4818 ms; pulse length of the 90° high power pulse P1 was optimised for each sample. NMR data were processed with MestreNova (Version 8.1.1, Mestrelab Research, Santiago de Compostela, Spain).

¹³C-NMR Measurements. Samples of approx. 80 mg of lignin were dissolved in 550 μL DMSO-d₆; 50 μL chromium acetyl acetonate in DMSO-d₆ (approx. 1.5 mg mL⁻¹) were added as a spin-relaxation agent; 50 μL of trioxane in DMSO-d₆ (approx. 15 mg mL⁻¹) was used as an internal standard. The spectra were recorded at room temperature on a Bruker (Billerica, MA, USA) AVANCE 400 MHz spectrometer equipped with a 5 mm double resonance broadband BBI inverse probe operated by TopSpin software (Version 3.5). An inverse-gated proton decoupling pulse sequence was applied with a 90° pulse width, a relaxation delay of 1.7 s and an acquisition time of 1.2 s. A total of 20000-24000 scans were acquired for each spectrum. NMR data were processed with MestreNova (Version 8.1.1, Mestrelab Research, Santiago de Compostela, Spain).

Penín L., Lange H., Santos V., Crestini C, & Parajó J.C. (2020). Characterization of Eucalyptus nitens Lignins Obtained by Biorefinery Methods Based on Ionic Liquids. Molecules, 25(2), 425.

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Publication 2020

acetyl acetonate Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Cholesterol Chromium Chromium-50 Lignin Protons Pulse Rate pyridine Radionuclide Imaging Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Vibration

Zirconium-Based Sol-Gel Precursor Synthesis

Not available on PMC !

Example 11

A 100 mL amber glass vial was placed into a glass drying oven at 120° C. to remove the absorbed water. This vial was then charged with 20 mL of zirconium(IV) n-propoxide and between 4 mL and 10 mL of acetyl acetone, with stirring. An exothermic reaction takes place to yield a zirconium (IV) (isopropoxide)_n(acetyl acetonate)_msol-gel precursor. A sol-gel precursor that gave favorable results was zirconium (IV) (isopropoxide)_2.6(acetyl acetonate)_1.4, which was soluble within NMP.

US11587696B2. Patterned nanoparticle structures (2023-02-21). University of Massachusetts [US]. Inventors: James Watkins [US], Michael R. Beaulieu [US], Nicholas R. Hendricks [US].

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Patent 2023

Acetone acetyl acetonate Amber Anabolism Zirconium

Most recents protocols related to «Acetyl acetonate»

Zirconium-Based Sol-Gel Precursor Synthesis

Not available on PMC !

Example 11

US11587696B2. Patterned nanoparticle structures (2023-02-21). University of Massachusetts [US]. Inventors: James Watkins [US], Michael R. Beaulieu [US], Nicholas R. Hendricks [US].

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Patent 2023

Acetone acetyl acetonate Amber Anabolism Zirconium

Photocurable Sol-Gel Glass for 3D Printing

Not available on PMC !

Chemicals Indium (III) chloride (InCl 3 , Sigma Aldrich), tin chloride (SnCl 2 , Sigma Aldrich), bismuth (III) nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO 3 ) 3 Á 5H 2 O), vanadyl acetyl acetonate (VO(acac) 2 , Sigma Aldrich), molybdenum chloride (MoCl 5 , Sigma Aldrich), Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, Sigma Aldrich), (3-acryloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMS, 96%, Gelest), sulforhodamine -B (Sigma Aldrich), diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (Sigma Aldrich), ammonium acetate (Sigma Aldrich), nitric acid (HNO 3 , VWR), hydroquinone (99%, Sigma Aldrich), and absolute ethanol (VWR) were used without further treatment.
Sol-gel formulation for glass 3D printing 37.65 g of TEOS was mixed with 3.15 g of APTMS and mixed with a hydrolysis solution. The hydrolysis solution consists of 7.64 g of absolute ethanol, 2.95 g of deionized water, and 1.18 g of 1 wt% solution of HNO 3 . The mixture was stirred in a round bottom flask for 1 hour. After 1 hour, to the above mixture, a condensation solution comprising 65% ethanol in DI water (24.46 g) and TPO (1.118 g), and ammonium acetate (0.37 g) was mixed dropwise and stirring continued for another 45 minutes. Finally, 0.04 g of hydroquinone and 0.15 g of sulforhodamine -B were added and the mixture was chilled in an ice bath for 5 minutes. The resulting mixed was immediately transferred to the printing bath for 3D printing.

Hegde C., Rosental T., Tan J.M.R., Magdassi S, & Wong L.H. (2023). Angle-independent solar radiation capture by 3D printed lattice structures for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting. Materials horizons, 10(5).

Publication 2023

Moisture-Curable Pressure Sensitive Adhesive

Not available on PMC !

Example 3

The composition of Example 3 is a high performance PSA with moisture curable oligomer (Cure In Place Adhesive), In order to incorporate the in-situ moisture cure into a high performance pressure sensitive adhesive system, an acrylic polymer, tackifer, and reactive oligomer are admixed or otherwise combined in solvent. This system is coated into tape form under conditions which leaves a portion of the oligomer latent to react after application and exposure to humidity.

TABLE 3

Formulation of Example 3 PSA

Weight PercentComponent

54.45%DEV-8631U (acrylic base polymer)

25%Terpene phenolic tackifier (softening point 110-120° C.)

20%Terpene phenolic tackifier (softening point 110-120° C.)

0.55%Metal chelate aluminum acetyl acetonate (crosslinker

&catalyst)

The acrylic base polymer is a high molecular weight (400-600 k g/mol) random copolymer including (a) an alkyl acrylate base monomer; (b) vinyl acetate; (c) methyl acrylate; (d) acrylic acid; and (e) a silane crosslinking monomer.

An example of the acrylic base polymer is DEV8631U, which is a random copolymer having a molecular weight (Mw) of about 518,000 g/mol, which includes the following constituents.

TABLE 4

Acrylic Base Polymer (i.e., DEV8631U) in Example 3 PSA

ComponentWeight Percent

2-Ethylhexyl acrylate (base monomer)57.95

Vinyl acetate (modifying monomer)25

Methyl acrylate15

Acrylic acid (high Tg monomer, crosslinking site)3

methacroyloxypropyltrimetoxy silane 0.05

(crosslinking monomer)

The reactive oligomer is a silane-terminated polyether (an oligomer) such as STPE-30 from Wacker as shown below as formula (22). STPE-30 is a silane terminated polyether. The two silane-terminated polypropylene glycols shown are based on the same polyether. The difference is in the end group.

[Figure (not displayed)]

The crosslinker and catalyst is aluminum acetylacetonate and is shown below as formula (23):

[Figure (not displayed)]

The adhesive bonding process is depicted in FIG. 6. Referring to FIG. 6, generally, a bonding process 200 in accordance with the present subject matter is as follows. In operation 210, a composition as described herein is coated or otherwise applied onto a film or substrate. An example of such a film is a release film. After appropriate application, the composition is dried which typically also includes removal of at least a portion of any solvent in the composition, as depicted as operation 220. Representative conditions for drying include exposure to 80° C. for about 5 minutes. In operation 230, the composition is then cured in place by exposure to heat and/or humidity, to thereby form a high strength adhesive, 240. The condensation reaction taking place is shown below:
˜Si—OCH₃+H₂O→˜Si—O—Si˜+CH₃OH

FIG. 1 depicts a dynamic mechanical analysis of the cure in place pressure sensitive adhesive of Example 3.

US11685841B2. Adhesives and related methods (2023-06-27). Avery Dennison Corporation [US]. Inventors: Michael Zajaczkowski [US], Michael T. Waterman [US], Kyle R. Heimbach [US], Eric L. Bartholomew [US], Brandon S. Miller [US].

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Patent 2023

Synthesis of Magnetoelectric Nanodiscs

Synthetic procedures for magnetoelectric nanodiscs were reproduced across two institutions (Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen - Nuremberg). The Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanodiscs (MNDs) were synthesized by reducing hematite nanodiscs. Hematite nanodiscs were first produced by heating a uniform mixture of 0.273 g of FeCl₃·6H₂O (Fluka), 10 mL Ethanol, and 600 μL of deionized (DI) water in a sealed Teflon-lined steel vessel at 180°C for 18 hours. After washing the red hematite nanodiscs with DI water and ethanol 3–5 times, the dried hematite was dispersed in 20 mL of trioctyl-amine (Sigma-Aldrich) and 1g of oleic acid (Alfa Aesar/Thermo Fisher Scientific). For the reduction of hematite to magnetite, the mixture was transferred into a three-neck flask connected to a Schlenk line, and evacuated for 20 min at room temperature, and then heated to 370 °C (20 °C/min) in H₂ (5%) and N₂ (95%) atmosphere for 30 min.
The core-shell Fe₃O₄-CoFe₂O₄ nanodiscs (CFOND) were formed by nucleation and growth of a CoFe₂O₄ layer on the surface of MNDs. For this procedure, 120 mg of MNDs (cores) were dispersed uniformly in a precursor solution of 20 mL diphenyl ether (Aldrich), 1.90 mL oleic acid (Sigma Aldrich), 1.97 mL oleylamine (Aldrich), 257 mg cobalt acetylacetonate (Co(acac)₂, Aldrich), and 706 mg iron acetyl acetonate (Fe(acac)₃, Aldrich). A three-neck flask including the solution of MND cores and the shell precursors was connected to a Schlenk line. The solution was evacuated and then heated to 100 °C (7 °C/min) for 30 min in N₂ atmosphere while magnetically stirring at 400 rpm. After closing the N₂ line, the temperature was increased to 200 °C (7 °C/min) and maintained for 30 min, and then increased to 230 °C (7 °C/min) and maintained for 30 min. The solution was cooled to room temperature (~30 min), and the resulting CFONDs were washed with ethanol and n-hexane and subjected to centrifugation at 8000 rpm for 8 min; the washing process was repeated 2–3 times. The thickness of CoFe₂O₄ layer is controlled by repeating the organometallic synthesis and washing steps described above. To obtain a 5 nm CoFe₂O₄ layer, the synthesis was repeated three times.
The Fe₃O₄-CoFe₂O₄-BaTiO₃ magnetoelectric nanodiscs (MENDs) were made by formation of BaTiO₃ shell on the surface of CFOND via the sol-gel method. A mixture comprising 16 mg of CFONDs dispersed in n-hexane, 30 mL of DI water, 6 mL of ethanol, and 2g of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (Sigma Aldrich) was sonicated for 20 min, which led to segregation of the oil phase. The oil phase and other insoluble solids were removed with a spatula. The hydrophilic CFOND dispersions were then transferred to a three-neck flask connected to a Schlenk line, and then dried in vacuum at 80 °C until amber-colored gel was formed on the bottom of the flask. The gel was re-dispersed in the BaTiO₃ shell precursor solution which was prepared by mixing 0.5 g citric acid (Sigma Aldrich) and 24 μL titanium isopropoxide (Aldrich) dissolved in 15 mL of ethanol and 0.1 g citric acid and 0.0158 g barium carbonate (Aldrich) dissolved in DI water. The solution of CFONDs and BaTiO₃ precursors were moved to the three-neck flask connected to the vacuum line and kept at 80 °C for 12–14 hours. The powders were then moved to a clean ceramic container and heated at 600 °C for 2 hours, 700 °C for 2 hours, then 800 °C for 1 hour, sequentially. To prevent breaking the BaTiO₃ shell, the furnace door was kept closed until the temperature slowly cooled down to room temperature. The MENDs were dispersed in Tyrode and PBS before being used for in-vitro and in-vivo experiments.

Kim Y.J., Driscoll N., Kent N., Paniagua E.V., Tabet A., Koehler F., Manthey M., Sahasrabudhe A., Signorelli L., Gregureć D, & Anikeeva P. (2023). Magnetoelectric Nanodiscs Enable Wireless Transgene-Free Neuromodulation. bioRxiv.

Publication Preprint 2023

Optimizing Trivalent Chromium Surface Treatment

Not available on PMC !

Example 1

Change in Properties Depending on Content of Trivalent Chromium Compound

A surface treatment solution composition containing trivalent chromium including: a trivalent chromium compound produced by adding chromium phosphate and chromium nitrate to distilled water, reacting them at 80° C. for 1 hour, and cooling them to room temperature; vanadium acetyl acetonate as a vanadium-based rust-inhibiting and corrosion-resisting agent; cobalt (III) nitrate as a cobalt-based rust-inhibiting and corrosion-resisting agent; a mixture of tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane in a weight ratio of 1:1 as a silane coupling agent; and water, and mixed in the amounts illustrated in Table 2 below (based on the solids content of the composition), was prepared.

In the following examples, cases in which the surface treatment solution composition according to the present disclosure satisfies the specified content range illustrated in Table 1 below were described as Inventive Examples, and cases in which one or more components do not satisfy the specified content range illustrated in Table 1 were described as Comparative Examples.

A hot-dip galvanized steel sheet was cut to have a size of 7 cm×15 cm (width×length), and oil was removed therefrom. Then, the prepared surface treatment solution composition was bar-coated on the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet in a dry film layer thickness of 0.4 μm. Subsequently, the steel sheet coated with the surface treatment solution composition was completely dried using a hot-air drying furnace under conditions of PMT 60° C., to prepare a specimen having a trivalent chromate inorganic film, as illustrated in FIG. 1.

Flat sheet corrosion resistance, processed part corrosion resistance, and blackening resistance of the prepared specimens were evaluated. The evaluation results are presented in Table 2 below. The evaluation methods for flat sheet corrosion resistance, processed part corrosion resistance, and blackening resistance were as follows.

Based on the method specified in ASTM B117, the rate of occurrence of white rust in the steel sheet was measured over time after the specimens were treated. The evaluation criteria are as follows:

⊚: 144 hours or more of white rust occurrence time

∘: 96 hours or more and less than 144 hours of white rust occurrence time

Δ: 55 hours or more and less than 96 hours of white rust occurrence time

×: Less than 55 hours of white rust occurrence time

The specimens were pushed up to a height of 6 mm using an Erichsen tester, and a frequency of occurrence of white rust was measured after 24 hours. The evaluation criteria are as follows:

⊚: Less than 5% frequency of occurrence of white rust after 48 hours

Δ: 5% or more and less than 7% frequency of occurrence of white rust after 48 hours

×: Greater than 7% frequency of occurrence of white rust after 48 hours

The color change (color difference: ΔE) of the specimens before and after the test was observed by allowing the specimens in an air-conditioning equipment maintaining at 50° C. and a relative humidity of 95% for 120 hours. The evaluation criteria are as follows:

⊚: ΔE≤2

∘: 2<ΔE≤3

Δ: 3<ΔE≤4

×: ΔE>4

TABLE 1

Component

SolidAfter DryingComponent in

Content (wt %)Content(wt %)Dry Film (wt %)

Range of CompositionMin.Max.(wt %)Min.Max.Min.Max.

Cr³⁺ Compound103028.62.868.5868.350.6

Silane Compound5501.270.130.383.12.2

Vanadium-based0.151000.234.817.7

Rust-Inhibiting and

Corrosion-Resisting

Agent

Cobalt-based0.571001523.929.5

Rust-Inhibiting and

Corrosion-Resisting

Agent

Water78.83200000

Total100100—4.1916.96100100

TABLE 2

Composition (wt %)

Rust-Inhibiting

and Corrosion-Processed

Resisting AgentFlat SheetPart

Cr³⁺SilaneVanadium-Cobalt-CorrosionCorrosionBlackening

CompoundCompoundbasedbasedResistanceResistanceResistance

¹CE 149.5417.529XXX

²IE 149.83.717.529◯⊚◯

IE 2602.511.526⊚⊚⊚

IE 3682.56.523⊚⊚⊚

IE 478.52.5514◯⊚◯

CE 279.21.85.213.8XX◯

¹CE: Comparative Example,

²IE: Inventive Example

*The content of the composition may be based on solid content of 14%.

As illustrated in Table 2 above, when the content of the trivalent chromium compound satisfied the content proposed by the present disclosure (Inventive Examples 1 to 4), all of the properties exhibited good or higher results.

Meanwhile, when the trivalent chromium compound was added in a relatively small amount (Comparative Example 1), flat sheet corrosion resistance, processed part corrosion resistance, and blackening resistance exhibited poor results. When the trivalent chromium compound was added in a relatively larger amount (Comparative Example 2), all of the properties, except for blackening resistance, exhibited poor results.

Example 2

Changes in Properties Depending on Ratios of Chromium Phosphate (III) and Chromium Nitrate (III)

The trivalent chromium surface treatment solution composition according to Inventive Example 3 was used in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare hot-dip galvanized steel sheet specimens in which a trivalent chromate inorganic film was formed, except that a ratio of chromium phosphate (III) and chromium nitrate (III) was controlled to be the ratio of chromium phosphate and chromium nitrate illustrated in Table 3 below.

Flat sheet corrosion resistance and blackening resistance of the prepared specimens were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, and the evaluation results are illustrated in Table 3.

TABLE 3

Content Ratio of Chromium

Phosphate and Chromium

Cr³⁺NitrateFlat Sheet

CompoundChromiumChromiumCorrosionBlackening

(wt %)Phosphate (A)Nitrate (B)A/(A + B)ResistanceResistance

¹CE 358.2701◯X

CE 458.200.350X◯

CE 558.210.30.769X◯

²IE 558.210.250.80◯⊚

IE 658.230.20.938⊚⊚

IE 758.24.90.10.980⊚◯

CE 658.270.10.986◯X

¹CE: Comparative Example,

²IE: Inventive Example

*The content of the composition may be based on 14% of the solids content.

As illustrated in Table 3 above, corrosion resistance may be improved as a ratio of chromium phosphate is increased, while blackening resistance may be improved as a ratio of chromium nitrate is increased. When the ratio of chromium phosphate to chromium nitrate is less than or more than the ratio of chromium phosphate and chromium nitrate illustrated in the present disclosure, the corrosion resistance or blackening resistance tends to be poor.

Example 3

Changes in Properties Depending on Content and Type of Silane Compound

Hot-dip galvanized steel sheet specimens on which a trivalent chromate inorganic film layer is formed was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that chromium nitrate and chromium phosphate as a trivalent chromium compound; vanadium acetyl acetonate as a vanadium-based rust-inhibiting and corrosion-resisting agent; cobalt (III) nitrate as a cobalt-based rust-inhibiting and corrosion-resisting agent; and a silane mixture of tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane in a weight ratio of 1:1 as a silane coupling agent, were mixed in the amounts illustrated in Table 4 below (based on the solids content of the composition).

Flat sheet corrosion resistance, processed part corrosion resistance, and blackening resistance of the prepared specimens were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, and further, alkali resistance, fuel resistance and fingerprint resistance were evaluated as follows, and the evaluation results may be illustrated in Table 4.

The specimens were immersed in an alkaline degreasing solution at 60° C. for 2 minutes, washed with water, air dried, and then measured with regard to a difference in color (ΔE) before and after the operations. The alkali degreasing solution was Finecleaner L 4460 A: 20 g/2.4 L+L 4460 B 12 g/2.4 L (pH=12) manufactured by Parkerizing Co., Ltd. The evaluation criteria are as follows:

⊚: ΔE≤2

∘: 2<ΔE≤3

Δ: 3<ΔE≤4

×: ΔE>4

Weldability was evaluated by using a pneumatic AC Spot welding machine, and maintaining pressing force of 250 kg, welding time of 15 cycles, and electric current carrying electric current of 7.5 kA without spatter and constant strength. The evaluation criteria are as follows:

◯: Weldable

Δ: Poor welding quality

×: Not Weldable

Evaluation of fuel resistance was to evaluate high temperature fuel resistance with regard to degraded gasoline and biodiesel. The following degraded gasoline and biodiesel were used for fuel resistance evaluation.

Degraded gasoline: 78.58% by volume of gasoline+20% by volume of ethanol+1.42% by volume of pure water+100 ppm of formic acid+100 ppm of acetic acid

Biodiesel: 81% by volume of diesel+9% by volume of BIO diesel+5% by volume of pure water+5% by volume of methanol+20 ppm of formic acid+0.3% by weight of peroxide

After the obtained specimen was processed to have a cup shape, each of the fuels was filled, a surface thereof was covered with a glass plate, and the specimen and the glass plate were sealed using an O-ring. Thereafter, after standing at 85° C. for 3 months, corrosion resistance of the steel plate was observed to evaluate fuel resistance. The evaluation criteria are as follows.

⊚: 0% of Corrosion Area

◯: more than 0% and 5% or less of Corrosion Area

□: more than 5% and 30% or less of Corrosion Area

Δ: greater than 30% and 50% or less of Corrosion Area

×: greater than 50% of Corrosion Area

TABLE 4

Composition (wt %)

Vanadinm-Cobalt-

basedbased

Rust-Rust-

Inhibiting andInhibiting andFlatProcessed

Corrosion-Corrosion-SheetPart

SilaneCr³+ResistingResistingAlkaliFuelWeldCorrosionCorrosionBlackening

CompoundCompoundAgentAgentResistanceResistanceabilityResistanceResistanceResistance

¹CE 71.76013.824.5XX◯◯⊚◯

²IE 81.86013.824.4◯◯◯⊚⊚◯

IE 92.56013.324.2◯⊚◯⊚⊚⊚

IE 103.16013.523.4⊚⊚⊚⊚⊚⊚

IE 113.76013.622.7⊚◯⊚⊚⊚◯

CE 83.96013.422.7◯◯Δ⊚XX

¹CE: Comparative Example,

²IE: Inventive Example content.

*The content of the composition may be based on 14% of the solids

As illustrated in Table 4 above, when the content of the silane compound satisfied the content range proposed by the present disclosure (Inventive Examples 8 to 11), all of the properties exhibited good or higher results.

Meanwhile, when the silane compound was added in a relatively small amount (Comparative Example 7), alkali resistance and fuel resistance exhibited poor results. When the silane compound was added in a relatively larger amount (Comparative Example 8), the film may become too dry to form an excessively hard film. Therefore, processed part corrosion resistance was deteriorated, blackening resistance was poor, and welding quality was poor.

Example 4

The trivalent chromium surface treatment solution composition according to Inventive Example 10 was used in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain hot-dip galvanized steel sheet specimens on which a trivalent chromate inorganic film is formed, except that the silane compound illustrated in Table 5 was used.

Each of the specimens were evaluated for flat sheet corrosion resistance in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are illustrated in Table 5.

TABLE 5

Flat Sheet

ContentCorrosion

ABCDEFGHIJKResistance

¹IE 123.10000000000◯

IE 1303.1000000000⊚

IE 14003.100000000◯

IE 150003.10000000⊚

IE 1600003.1000000◯

IE 17000003.100000⊚

IE 180000003.10000◯

IE 1900000003.1000◯

IE 20000000003.100◯

IE 210000000003.10⊚

IE 2200000000003.1◯

IE 231.551.55000000000◯

IE 241.55001.550000000◯

IE 2501.550001.5500000⊚

IE 260001.5501.5500000◯

IE 2700001.5501.550000◯

IE 28000001.550001.550⊚

IE 29001.55001.5500000◯

IE 300000001.55001.550◯

IE 311.55000000001.550◯

IE 320000000001.551.55◯

IE 330001.5500001.5500◯

IE 3400001.55001.55000◯

IE 3500000001.55001.55◯

IE 3601.551.5500000000⊚

IE 37001.5500000001.55◯

IE 380000001.5501.5500◯

IE 3900001.550001.5500◯

IE 4001.5501.550000000◯

IE 4101.55000000001.55⊚

IE 421.5501.5500000000◯

IE 43000000001.551.550◯

IE 4401.55001.55000000◯

IE 450000001.551.55000◯

A: 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)-ethyl trimethoxysilane

B: 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane

C: 3-glycidoxypropyl methyldiethoxysilane

D: 3-glycidoxypropyl triethoxysilane

E: N-2-(aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl methyldimethoxysilane

F: N-2-(aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane

G: N-2-(aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane

H: 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane

I: 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane

J: 3-ureidopropyl trimethoxysilane

K: tetraethyl orthosilicate

¹IE: Inventive Example

*The content of the composition may be based on 14% of the solids content.

As illustrated in Table 5 above, Inventive Examples 12 to 45 exhibited good or excellent flat sheet corrosion resistance. In particular, in the case of the test specimen treated with the trivalent chromium surface treatment solution composition prepared according to the composition of Inventive Example 41, white rust did not occur even after more than 144 hours, which exhibited the most excellent.

Example 5

Changes in Properties Depending on Content of Vanadium-Based Rust-Inhibiting and Corrosion-Resisting Agent

Hot-dip galvanized steel sheet specimens on which a trivalent chromate inorganic film layer is formed was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that chromium nitrate and chromium phosphate as a trivalent chromium compound; vanadium acetyl acetonate as a vanadium-based rust-inhibiting and corrosion-resisting agent; cobalt (III) nitrate as a cobalt-based rust-inhibiting and corrosion-resisting agent; and a silane mixture of tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane in a weight ratio of 1:1 as a silane coupling agent, were mixed in the amounts illustrated in Table 6 below (based on the solids content of the composition).

Flat sheet corrosion resistance, processed part corrosion resistance, blackening resistance, and alkali resistance of the prepared specimens were evaluated in the same manner as in Examples 1 and 3, and the evaluation results may be illustrated in Table 6.

TABLE 6

Composition (wt %)

Vanadium-basedCobalt-basedFlatProcessed

Rust-Inhibiting andRust-Inhibiting andSheetPart

Corrosion-ResistingCr³+SilaneCorrosion-ResistingCorrosionCorrosionBlackeningAlkali

AgentCompoundCompoundAgentResistanceResistanceResistanceResistance

¹CE 95.365.53.026.2XX⊚⊚

²IE 465.565.02.926.6◯⊚⊚⊚

IE 4710.560.02.926.6◯⊚⊚⊚

IE 4817.553.52.526.5⊚⊚◯◯

CE 1018.053.52.526.0⊚⊚◯X

CE 1120.052.52.525.0⊚⊚XX

¹CE: Comparative Example,

²IE: Inventive Example

*The content of the composition may be based on 14% of the solids content.

As illustrated in Table 6 above, when the content of the rust-inhibiting and corrosion-resisting agent satisfied the content proposed by the present disclosure (Inventive Examples 46 to 48), all of the properties exhibited good or higher results.

Meanwhile, when the rust-inhibiting and corrosion-resisting agent was added in a relatively small amount (Comparative Example 9), all of the properties, except for blackening resistance and alkali resistance, exhibited poor results. When the rust-inhibiting and corrosion-resisting agent was added in a relatively larger amount (Comparative Examples 10 and 11), all of the properties, except for corrosion resistance, exhibited poor results.

Example 6

Changes in Properties Depending on Content of Cobalt-Based Rust-Inhibiting and Corrosion-Resisting Agent

Hot-dip galvanized steel sheet specimens on which a trivalent chromate inorganic film layer is formed was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that chromium nitrate and chromium phosphate as a trivalent chromium compound; vanadium acetyl acetonate as a vanadium-based rust-inhibiting and corrosion-resisting agent; cobalt (III) nitrate as a cobalt-based rust-inhibiting and corrosion-resisting agent; and a silane mixture of tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane in a weight ratio of 1:1 as a silane coupling agent, were mixed in the amounts illustrated in Table 7 below (based on the solids content of the composition).

Flat sheet corrosion resistance, processed part corrosion resistance, and blackening resistance of the prepared specimens were evaluated in the same manner as in Examples 1 and 3, and the evaluation results are illustrated in Table 7.

TABLE 7

Composition (wt %)

Cobalt-basedVanadium-basedProcessed

Rust-Inhibiting andRust-Inhibiting andFlat SheetPart

Corrosion-ResistingCr³⁺SilaneCorrosion-ResistingCorrosionCorrosionBlackening

AgentCompoundCompoundAgentResistanceResistanceResistance

¹CE 1213.575.03.08.5⊚◯X

²IE 4913.875.03.08.2⊚◯◯

IE 5021.065.52.910.8◯⊚◯

IE 5129.054.02.514.5◯◯⊚

CE 1329.554.52.513.5XX⊚

CE 1432.552.52.512.5XX⊚

¹CE: Comparative Example,

²IE: Inventive Example

*The content of the composition may be based on 14% of the solids content.

As illustrated in Table 7 above, when the content of the rust-inhibiting and corrosion-resisting agent satisfied the content proposed by the present disclosure (Inventive Examples 49 to 51), all of the properties exhibited good or higher results.

Meanwhile, when the rust-inhibiting and corrosion-resisting agent was added in a relatively small amount (Comparative Example 12), blackening resistance exhibited poor results. When the rust-inhibiting and corrosion-resisting agent was added in a relatively larger amount (Comparative Examples 13 and 14), corrosion resistance exhibited poor results.

Example 7

Change in Properties Depending on Thickness of Film Layer and Drying Temperature

Hot-dip galvanized steel sheet specimens on which a trivalent chromate inorganic film layer is formed was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a thickness of the inorganic film, after drying, and a PMT temperature in the drying process are as illustrated in Table 8 below.

Alkali resistance, fuel resistance, weldability, flat sheet corrosion resistance, corrosion resistance, and blackening resistance of the prepared specimens were evaluated in the same manner as in Examples 1 and 3, and the evaluation results are illustrated in Table 8.

TABLE 8

Thickness OfFlat SheetProcessed Part

Film LayerDry Temp.AlkaliFuelCorrosionCorrosionBlackening

(μm)(° C.)ResistanceResistanceWeldabilityResistanceResistanceResistance

¹CE 150.150ΔΔ⊚ΔXΔ

²IE 520.350⊚⊚⊚⊚⊚⊚

IE 530.450⊚⊚⊚⊚⊚⊚

IE 540.550⊚⊚⊚⊚⊚◯

CE 160.850⊚⊚Δ⊚⊚◯

IE 550.440ΔΔ⊚◯◯◯

IE 560.460⊚⊚⊚⊚⊚⊚

IE 570.470⊚⊚⊚⊚⊚Δ

¹CE: Comparative Example,

²IE: Inventive Example

As illustrated in Table 8 above, when the inorganic film layer was formed at 0.3 μm to 0.5 μm (Inventive Examples 52 to 57), all of the properties exhibited good or higher results. Meanwhile, when the inorganic film was formed to be relatively thin (Comparative Example 15), all of the properties, except for weldability, exhibited moderate results (Δ). Meanwhile, when the inorganic film was formed to be relatively thick (Comparative Example 16), all of the properties, except for weldability, exhibited good or higher results, but weldability exhibited poor. In this regard, a thicker film exceeding 0.5 μm is not preferable and required in view of economy.

In addition, as illustrated in Table 8 above, when the inorganic film layer was formed by setting a drying temperature of the inorganic film to 50 to 60° C. (Inventive Examples 52 to 54 and 56), all of the properties exhibited good or higher results.

When the drying temperature was relatively low (Inventive Example 55), sufficient drying was not carried out, and alkali resistance and fuel resistance exhibited moderate results (Δ). Meanwhile, when the drying temperature was relatively high (Inventive Example 57), the steel sheet was not sufficiently cooled during the cooling process (air cooling) in air, and, consequently, blackening resistance exhibited moderate results (Δ) due to the condensation phenomenon by a packaging operation.

While example embodiments have been illustrated and described above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations could be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

US11634818B2. Solution composition containing trivalent chromium for surface treatment of steel sheet, galvanized steel sheet surface—treated with same, and method for manufacturing galvanized (2023-04-25). POSCO [KR]. Inventors: Soo-Hyoun Cho [KR], Won-Ho Son [KR].

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Patent 2023

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What are some common uses for Acetyl acetonate?

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What are some specific applications of Acetyl acetonate?

Acetyl acetonate has a wide range of applications, including its use as a chelating agent in coordination chemistry, a precursor in organic synthesis, and a component in certain catalytic systems. It has also been studied for potential applications in medicinal chemistry, such as in the development of metal-based drugs, as well as in materials science for its unique properties. PubCompare.ai can help researchers explore the latest advancements and protocols related to these diverse applications of Acetyl acetonate.

More about "Acetyl acetonate"

Acetyl acetonate, also known as 2,4-pentanedione, is a versatile organic compound with a wide range of applications in research and industry.
It is a chelating agent often used as a ligand in coordination complexes, and it has been studied for its potential use in catalysis, medicinal chemistry, and materials science.
This AI-driven platform, PubCompare.ai, can help optimize research protocols for Acetyl acetonate by locating and comparing relevant literature, pre-prints, and patents to identify the best protocols and products for enhanced reproducibility and accuracy.
Streamline your Acetyl acetonate research with PubCompare.ai's powerful tools.
Iron(III) acetylacetonate, a related compound, is also used as a precursor in the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles, which have applications in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), drug delivery, and catalysis.
Oleylamine, a long-chain amine, is often used in conjunction with Acetyl acetonate in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, such as those of cobalt and indium.
Benzyl ether is another related compound that has been used as a solvent in the synthesis of Acetyl acetonate-based materials.
LysoTracker Green DND-26, a fluorescent dye, has been used to study the cellular localization of Acetyl acetonate-based compounds in biological systems.
Iron acetylacetonate, Ethanol, Ammonium hydroxide, and Oleic acid are all common reagents used in the synthesis and processing of Acetyl acetonate-based materials.
Cobalt acetylacetonate is a similar chelating agent that has found applications in catalysis and materials science.
Indium (III) chloride (InCl3) is a precursor used in the synthesis of indium-based materials, which can be combined with Acetyl acetonate for various applications.
Overall, the versatility of Acetyl acetonate and its related compounds makes them valuable tools for researchers and industry professionals working in a wide range of fields.