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Acrolein

Acrolein is a highly reactive aldehyde compound with potent irritant and cytotoxic properties.
It is commonly used in the production of acrylic acid, but can also be formed as a byproduct in various industrial processes and combustion reactions.
Acrolein has been associated with a range of health effects, including respiratory irritation, DNA damage, and potential carcinogenic activity.
Understanding the mechanisms and impact of acrolein exposure is an important area of research, and the PubCompare.ai platform can help optimize and streamline these studies by locating the most reproducible and accurate experimental protocols from the literatuer, preprints, and patents.
Experiance the power of PubCompare.ai today to advance your acroelin research with ease.

Most cited protocols related to «Acrolein»

1
Mouse Eye Tissue Fixation Protocol
Cited 12 times
Animal studies were conducted in compliance with the US Department of Health and Human Services Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Duke University. In our standard protocol, C57Bl6/J mice (4–12 wk old; The Jackson Laboratory) were deeply anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine (100/10 mg/kg) and immediately transcardially perfused for 10 min with 15 ml fixative containing 2% paraformaldehyde, 2% glutaraldehyde, and 0.05% CaCl2 in 50 mM MOPS buffer, pH 7.4. Their enucleated eyes were postfixed in the same fixative for 1 h. A modification of this protocol included mouse perfusion with 10 ml heparin (1,000 U/ml) saline before paraformaldehyde/glutaraldehyde administration. Alternatively, we used the protocol used in the study by Chuang et al. (2007) (link). In brief, mice were sequentially perfused with 10 ml heparin saline administered for 2 min, 20 ml 4% paraformaldehyde/3.75% acrolein (Polysciences) in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, and finally 60 ml of 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer. Enucleated eyes were postfixed in 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, for 1 h. A modification of this protocol included direct mouse perfusion with fixative, omitting the saline step. Upon the completion of animal perfusion, eyeballs were rinsed with PBS, cornea and lens were removed, the posterior eye cups were embedded in 5% agar (A1296; Sigma-Aldrich), and cut on a vibratome (Leica) at 100–200-µm sections.
A subset of experiments was performed with immersion-fixed eyecups. Mice were euthanized with CO2 and decapitated. Eyes were enucleated and eyecups immersed in 2% paraformaldehyde, 2% glutaraldehyde, and 0.05% CaCl2 in 50 mM MOPS buffer, pH 7.4, or 2% glutaraldehyde and 0.05% CaCl2 in 50 mM MOPS buffer for 1 h. Posterior eye cups were then embedded and sectioned as described in the preceding paragraph.
Ding J.D., Salinas R.Y, & Arshavsky V.Y. (2015). Discs of mammalian rod photoreceptors form through the membrane evagination mechanism. The Journal of Cell Biology, 211(3), 495-502.
Publication 2015
Acrolein Agar Animals Animals, Laboratory Buffers Cornea Fixatives Glutaral Heparin Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Ketamine Lens, Crystalline Mice, House morpholinopropane sulfonic acid paraform Perfusion Saline Solution sodium phosphate Submersion Xylazine
2
Social Interaction Behavior Assessment
Cited 6 times
Social interaction behavior was investigated using an apparatus consisting of a large open field (Fig. 1a, 89×63×60 cm) containing a small wire cage (14×17×14.5 cm). Each focal mouse was introduced into the open field for 3 min to habituate, and we recorded the amount of time the focal mouse spent interacting with the empty wire cage (within 8 cm, see blue box in Fig. 1A) using a video tracking system (Stoelting, Wood Dale, IL). Next an unfamiliar, same sex virgin mouse was introduced into the wire cage. For 3 min we recorded the amount of time the focal mouse spent interacting with the wire cage. We also measured time spent in the two corners opposite the wire cage (8×8 cm, Fig 1A) and total distance traveled as an estimate of total activity. After each test the arena was cleaned with 70% ethanol and dried before the next mouse was tested. Social interaction was assessed at 24 hours and 4 weeks after social defeat exposure. Different stimulus mice were used for the two tests. In between the two social interaction tests the mice were undisturbed except for routine cage changes. Immediately after testing at 4 weeks, each focal mouse was anesthetized with isoflurane and euthanized by decapitation (14:45–17:00 PST). Brains were collected immediately after testing to detect changes in phosphorylated CREB and ERK, which we have previously quantified in California mice after 7 min resident-intruder tests [30] (link), [38] (link). Trunk blood was collected in heparinized tubes and centrifuged to collect plasma (see below for corticosterone assay methods). Brains were quickly removed and immersion fixed in 5% acrolein in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Each female was lavaged post-mortem. Estrous cycle stage was determined by assessing the presence of leukocytes, nucleated epithelial cells, and/or cornified cells [30] (link), [39] (link).
Trainor B.C., Pride M.C., Villalon Landeros R., Knoblauch N.W., Takahashi E.Y., Silva A.L, & Crean K.K. (2011). Sex Differences in Social Interaction Behavior Following Social Defeat Stress in the Monogamous California Mouse (Peromyscus californicus). PLoS ONE, 6(2), e17405.
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Publication 2011
Acrolein Autopsy Biological Assay BLOOD Brain Cells Corticosterone Decapitation Epithelial Cells Estrous Cycle Ethanol Females Isoflurane Leukocytes Mus Phosphates Plasma Saline Solution Submersion
3
Western Blot Analysis of C3 and Acrolein
Cited 5 times
Serum (equal volumes) or protein lysates (10 µg) were heated with sample buffer (3.2% SDS, 32% glycerol, 0.16% bromophenol blue, 100 mM Tris-HCl, pH 6.8, 8% 2-mercaptoethanol). They were then electrophoresed on Criterion Stain-free 4–20% SDS-PAGE gels (Bio-Rad) and transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes at 100 volts for 30 min. The membranes were blocked with TBS containing 5% nonfat dry milk and probed with anti-C3 antibody (Santa Cruz, sc-28294, 1:1,000) or anti-acrolein antibody (NOVUS, NB200–556, 1:1,000) overnight at 4 °C. They were then washed three times in TBS containing 0.1% Tween 20 and incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody for 2 h at room temperature. Signals were detected using enhanced chemiluminescence and Gel Doc System (Bio-Rad). The blots were stripped and probed for housekeeper proteins transferrin (serum) or β-actin (tissue lysate). The signal intensity was quantified using Image Lab (Bio-Rad) and NIH ImageJ software (v1.45 s).
Phan K., He Y., Pickford R., Bhatia S., Katzeff J.S., Hodges J.R., Piguet O., Halliday G.M, & Kim W.S. (2020). Uncovering pathophysiological changes in frontotemporal dementia using serum lipids. Scientific Reports, 10, 3640.
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Publication 2020
2-Mercaptoethanol Acrolein Actins Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic Bromphenol Blue Buffers Chemiluminescence Glycerin Horseradish Peroxidase Immunoglobulins Milk, Cow's Nitrocellulose Novus Proteins SDS-PAGE Serum Stains Tissue, Membrane Tissues Transferrin Tromethamine Tween 20
4
Tobacco Biomarker Exposure Assessment
Cited 5 times
This study examined 50 biomarkers associated with exposure to tobacco. Biomarkers were selected from several classes of known tobacco product constituents, including (1) nicotine metabolites, (2) TSNAs, (3) metals, (4) PAHs, and (5) VOCs. A complete listing of geometric means for all 50 biomarkers among each user group can be found in eTable 2 in the Supplement.
A representative biomarker from each panel was selected for visualization of study results based on its documented association with tobacco exposure and linkage to tobacco-related disease development or adverse health effects. These biomarkers included metabolites of nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), lead, cadmium, naphthalene, pyrene, acrylonitrile, acrolein, and acrylamide.13 (link),31 (link),32 (link),33 (link),34 (link),35 (link),36 ,37 (link),38 (link),39 ,40 (link),41 ,42 (link) To estimate nicotine exposure, total nicotine equivalents were calculated by taking the molar sum of cotinine and trans-3′-hydroxycotinine values. Table 1 outlines the potential clinical relevance of selected biomarkers.
Goniewicz M.L., Smith D.M., Edwards K.C., Blount B.C., Caldwell K.L., Feng J., Wang L., Christensen C., Ambrose B., Borek N., van Bemmel D., Konkel K., Erives G., Stanton C.A., Lambert E., Kimmel H.L., Hatsukami D., Hecht S.S., Niaura R.S., Travers M., Lawrence C, & Hyland A.J. (2018). Comparison of Nicotine and Toxicant Exposure in Users of Electronic Cigarettes and Combustible Cigarettes. JAMA Network Open, 1(8), e185937.
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Publication 2018
Acrolein Acrylamide Acrylonitrile Biological Markers Cadmium Cotinine Developmental Disabilities Dietary Supplements hydroxycotinine Metals methylethyl ketone Molar naphthalene Nicotiana tabacum Nicotine Nitrosamines Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic pyrene Tobacco Products
5
Multiscale Computational Modeling of EC Exposure
Cited 5 times
Governed by the conservation laws of nature, the Computational Fluid-Particle Dynamics (CFPD) and Physiologically Based
Toxicokinetic (PBTK) model is a promising tool to assess the chronic exposure risks of EC aerosols and provide informative and
high-resolution data promptly. The schematic of the CFPD-PBTK modeling framework is shown in Figure
1. Integrating the multiscale model validations and optimizations, the CFPD-PBTK model provides local information about how
different levels of puffing may affect the deposition and translocation of toxicants in both lung and systemic regions. The CFPD model
is developed based on Euler-Lagrange scheme (Feng, Kleinstreuer, Castro, & Rostami, 2016 )
specifically for multi-component EC aerosol dynamics in an idealized human upper airway model from mouth to Generation 3 (G3). The
existence of the dominant chemicals of the nicotine, acrolein, formaldehyde, vegetable glycerin (VG), and propylene glycol (PG) are
tracked both in the particle and vapor forms. Also, the wall of the respiratory system is considered as a sink with fractional to
complete absorption for the uptake of the chemicals into the systemic region. The PBTK model for inhaled toxicants is developed and
validated. It is assumed that the toxicant`s distribution through blood flow with the biological structure of tissues which are
homogeneous rate-limited diffusion (Robinson, Balter, & Schwartz, 1992 (link)). The important
mechanisms including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in each organ for each toxicant are considered. Physiologic
parameters (cardiac output, ventilation rate, blood flow rate to the organs and organ volumes) are obtained and optimized accordingly.
The system of governing equations and boundary conditions are provided in the Supplemental Information (SI).
Haghnegahdar A., Feng Y., Chen X, & Lin J. (2018). Computational Analysis of Deposition and Translocation of Inhaled Nicotine and Acrolein in the Human Body with E-cigarette Puffing Topographies. Aerosol science and technology : the journal of the American Association for Aerosol Research, 52(5), 483-493.
Publication 2018
Acrolein Biopharmaceuticals Blood Circulation Cardiac Output Diffusion Formaldehyde Glycerin Homo sapiens Hydrodynamics Lung Metabolism Nicotine Oral Cavity Organ Volume Propylene Glycol Respiratory Rate Respiratory System Tissues Translocation, Chromosomal Vegetables

Most recents protocols related to «Acrolein»

1
Carbonyl Compound Analysis via DNPH Derivatization
2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) was purchased from Rhawn (Shanghai, China), with purity ≥ 99%. Methanol and acetonitrile of liquid chromatographic grade (purity ≥ 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). Hydrochloric acid and silica gel powder of 300–400 mesh were acquired from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent (Beijing, China). The standard solution was composed of: 2-butanone-DNPH, butyraldehyde-DNPH, pentanal-DNPH, pentanone-DNPH, acrolein-DNPH, acetaldehyde-DNPH, butenal-DNPH, furfural-DNPH, formaldehyde-DNPH, hexaldehyde-DNPH, benzaldehyde-DNPH, 2-crotonaldehyde-DNPH, formylofuran-DNPH, heptanal-DNPH, octanal-DNPH, nonanal-DNPH, decanal-DNPH, and cyclohexanone-DNPH, which were purchased from A Chemtek; additionally, acetoin-DNPH, 2-pentanone-DNPH, and 4-heptanone-DNPH, with a purity of above 98%, were acquired from TanMo Quality Testing Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). A blank solid-phase extraction (SPE) column without any other filler applied was purchased from Biocomma Limited Co., Ltd. (Shenzhen, China). A 5 L Tedlar bag was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China), and prior to their use, bags were cleaned with N2 at a high temperature (80 °C) until carbonyl compounds were free. Ultrapure water was used for all aqueous solution preparation. A detailed procedure for the solid phase column extraction is presented in Supplementary material.
Sani S.N., Zhou W., Ismail B.B., Zhang Y., Chen Z., Zhang B., Bao C., Zhang H, & Wang X. (2023). LC-MS/MS Based Volatile Organic Compound Biomarkers Analysis for Early Detection of Lung Cancer. Cancers, 15(4), 1186.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
2-butenal 2-pentanone 4-heptanone Acetaldehyde Acetoin acetonitrile Acrolein benzaldehyde butyraldehyde caprylic aldehyde cyclohexanone decanal dinitrophenylhydrazine Fever Formaldehyde Furaldehyde heptanal Hydrochloric acid Liquid Chromatography Methanol methylethyl ketone n-hexanal nonanal pentanal Powder Silica Gel Solid Phase Extraction Tedlar
2
Histological Analysis of Cochlear Tissues
After completing all ECochG measurements the animals were terminated with an overdose of pentobarbital injection intracardially. The right cochlea was then harvested for histological analysis. Intra-labyrinthine cochlear fixation was done with a fixative of 3% glutaraldehyde, 2% formaldehyde, 1% acrolein, and 2.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in a 0.08 M sodium cacodylate buffer, as described by a previous study (de Groot et al., 1987 (link)). The cochleas were decalcified in 10% EDTA for around 10 days, secondarily fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide and 1% potassium ruthenium cyanide, and embedded in Spurr’s low-viscosity resin. Staining was done with 1% methylene blue, 1% azur B, and 1% borax in distilled water. Tissue was sectioned using LeicaRM2265 microtome. From each cochlea, 5 midmodiolar sections of 1 μm were obtained in sequential manner and put on a slide with coverslip.
Jwair S., Ramekers D., Thomeer H.G, & Versnel H. (2023). Acute effects of cochleostomy and electrode-array insertion on compound action potentials in normal-hearing guinea pigs. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 17, 978230.
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Publication 2023
Acrolein Animals Azure A borax Buffers Cacodylate Cochlea Drug Overdose Edetic Acid Fixatives Formaldehyde Glutaral Labyrinth Methylene Blue Microtomy Osmium Tetroxide Pentobarbital potassium ruthenium cyanide Sodium spurr resin Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Tissues Viscosity
3
Iron Chelation Modulates Retinal Endothelial Cell Lipid Peroxidation and VE-Cadherin Localization
Cells (1 × 105) were plated on 22 × 22 mm glass coverslips coated with 5 µg/mL of fibronectin (354008; Corning, Steuben, NY, USA) in DMEM. To determine the effects of iron chelation on lipid peroxidation products 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and acrolein levels in retinal ECs, 5.0 × 104 cells were incubated with 50 µM or 10 µM DFO (Sigma) for 24 h. To demonstrate the effects of iron chelation in VE-cadherin localization in retinal EC layer, 5.0 × 105 cells were incubated with iron chelator DFO (10 or 20 µM) for 48 h. The cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (15710; Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA, USA) in PBS for 15 min on ice. The cells were then rinsed with PBS three times and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 for 10 min at room temperature. After being washed with PBS three times, the cells were blocked with 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA, BP-9703; Thermo Fisher) in TBS for 1 h. The cells were then incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C. The primary antibodies used are as follows: anti-estrogen receptor α (06-935; Millipore), anti-Phosphorylated-SMAD1 (Cell Signaling), anti-SMAD1 (Cell Signaling), anti-VE-cadherin (BD Biosciences), anti-4-hydroxynonenal (HNE11-S; Alpha diagnostics, Burlington, NC), and anti-Acrolein (MA5-27553; Invitrogen). The cells were washed with TBS three times for 5 min and incubated with appropriate fluorescent-dye-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:1000, Jackson ImmunoResearch) for 1 h at room temperature. The cells were rinsed with TBS three times and incubated with DAPI (1:2000, D1306; Invitrogen) for 5 min. The cells were mounted on glass slides using Fluoromount-G mounting solution (0100-01; SouthernBiotech, Birmingham, AL, USA) and photographed using a Zeiss Fluorescence microscope (Axiophot, Zeiss, Germany) equipped with a digital camera. For quantitative analysis, fluorescence intensities were measured by ImageJ and averaged at least 5 images per group.
Song Y.S., Zaitoun I.S., Wang S., Darjatmoko S.R., Sorenson C.M, & Sheibani N. (2023). Cytochrome P450 1B1 Expression Regulates Intracellular Iron Levels and Oxidative Stress in the Retinal Endothelium. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(3), 2420.
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Publication 2023
Acrolein Antibodies cadherin 5 Cells Chelating Agents DAPI Diagnosis Electron Microscopy estrogen receptor alpha, human Fibronectins Fingers Fluorescence Fluorescent Dyes Iron Lipid Peroxidation Microscopy, Fluorescence paraform R-cadherin Retina Serum Albumin, Bovine Triton X-100
4
Mainstream Tobacco Smoke Analysis
The cigarillos and LWCs tested
in this study represented a range of brand names that are available
in the U.S. market. This study was performed in two different time
periods. For the first study, one cigarillo and two LWCs were purchased
in Chesapeake, VA, shipped to an ISO 17025-accredited analytical laboratory
(Labstat Inc., Kitchener, Ontario) on September 19, 2016, and analyzed
in November 2016. For the second study, 10 cigarillos and five LWC
brands were purchased in Chesapeake, VA, shipped to the analytical
laboratory on September 22, 2017, and analyzed in November 2017. The
second study also analyzed two reference cigarettes (i.e., 3R4F, 1R6F)
that were purchased from the University of Kentucky (Lexington, KY).
The two reference cigarettes contain similar physical properties and
smoke chemistry.17 (link) The tobacco products
were kept in their original packaging under ambient conditions and
stored at room temperature prior to testing. All the test products
were conditioned and smoked under the environmental conditions specified
in ISO 3402 (1999) “Tobacco and tobacco products—Atmosphere
for conditioning and testing”, which states that tobacco products
are conditioned at 22 ± 1 °C and relative humidity 60 ±
3% and smoked at 22 ± 2 °C and relative humidity 60 ±
5%.
Mainstream tobacco smoke was collected using a linear smoking
machine fitted with an impinger containing 80 mL of 2,4-DNPH solution.
All reagents were analytical reagent grade, unless otherwise stated.
The derivatized solution was syringe-filtered and diluted with 1%
Trizma base aqueous acetonitrile solution. Additional solutions necessary
for the validation of the derivatization efficiency (e.g., calibration
solutions using formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, crotonaldehyde
chemical standards) and the analytical procedure were prepared from
commercially sourced acrolein with >99% purity.
Young M., Feng C., Cecil T, & Johnson T.L. (2023). Carbonyl Yields in Cigars under Three Smoking Regimens Using a Linear Smoking Machine. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 36(1), 94-103.
Publication 2023
Acetaldehyde acetonitrile Acrolein Formaldehyde Humidity Mainstreaming, Education Nicotiana tabacum Smoke Syringes Tobacco Products Trizma
5
Airborne Volatile Organic Compound Flux Measurements
The PTR-ToF-MS resolution
was ∼4800 with mass spectra recorded from 10 to 500 Da. In-flight
zero air measurements were subtracted. Ground calibrations were conducted
every 1–3 days using gravimetrically prepared multicomponent
VOC standards (Apel-Riemer Environmental Inc., Colorado, USA). The
following VOCs were included in the gas standards: methanol, acetonitrile,
acetaldehyde, ethanol, acrolein, dimethyl sulfide, isoprene, MACR
+ MVK, benzene, toluene, xylene, p-cresol, 1-,3-,5-trimethylbenzene,
D3 siloxane, D4 siloxane, D5 siloxane, propanol, butanol, acetone,
furan, furfural, benzaldehyde, monoterpenes (mixture of α- and
β-pinene and limonene), nonanal, acrylonitrile, methyl ethyl
ketone, and b-caryophyllene. For all m/z without a corresponding gas standard, sensitivities were derived
from a root function fit to reaction rate normalized sensitivities
of nonfragmenting and nonclustering gas-standard calibrated VOCs.
The estimated calibration uncertainty for gas-standard VOCs was 20%,
and 54% for all other VOCs. Isoprene and acetaldehyde were corrected
for interferences from fragmentation of larger molecules,22 (link) and benzene was calibrated on m/z 78.05 to avoid interference of benzaldehyde fragments.22 (link) Monoterpenes detected at m/z 137.13 may include fragments of monoterpenoids with a
parent mass of m/z 155.14 (C10H18O).23 (link),24 (link)Level flight
legs of at least 10 km length were chosen for wavelet analysis. Lag
times between vertical wind and VOC were determined separately for
each VOC and flight segment by searching for the maximum covariance
within a 4 s window. Wind and VOC data (10 Hz) were aligned using
these lag times. Continuous wavelet transformation, which deconvolutes
the covariance within a timeseries throughout both the frequency and
time (distance) domains, was applied building up on the work of Karl
et al.,14 (link) Misztal et al.,13 (link) and Wolfe et al.,25 (link) and yielded
VOC fluxes. For each data point along the flight path, the wavelet
transformation of the data produced the local wavelet cospectra. The
flux timeseries was created through integration over all frequencies.
To remove turbulence-related artificial emission and deposition, a
two-sided moving average of 2 km was applied to the 10 Hz fluxes and
subsampled to 200 m.
Surface fluxes were calculated from the
airborne fluxes by correcting
for chemical vertical divergence (i.e., oxidative loss) and physical
vertical divergence (loss through horizontal advection and entrainment).
The physical vertical divergence was substantial (on average a factor
of 2) since there were strong marine winds and a low boundary layer.
This led to a relatively large uncertainty contribution to this correction
(∼70%). Total uncertainties depend on the VOC, ranging from
75 to 86% for gas-standard calibrated VOCs, and 90–170% for
the more than 400 VOCs that were calibrated using the theoretical
approach. Average mixing ratios, fluxes, corrections, and uncertainties
for each species are listed in Data S1 of Pfannerstill et al.20
Pfannerstill E.Y., Arata C., Zhu Q., Schulze B.C., Woods R., Harkins C., Schwantes R.H., McDonald B.C., Seinfeld J.H., Bucholtz A., Cohen R.C, & Goldstein A.H. (2023). Comparison between Spatially Resolved Airborne Flux Measurements and Emission Inventories of Volatile Organic Compounds in Los Angeles. Environmental Science & Technology, 57(41), 15533-15545.
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Publication 2023
1-Propanol Acetaldehyde Acetone acetonitrile Acrolein Acrylonitrile benzaldehyde Benzene Butyl Alcohol caryophyllene d-Limonene dimethyl sulfide Ethanol Furaldehyde furan Hypersensitivity isoprene Marines Mass Spectrometry Methanol Monoterpenes nonanal para-cresol Physical Examination Plant Roots Siloxanes Toluene Wind Xylene

Top products related to «Acrolein»

1
Crotonaldehyde by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Poland
Crotonaldehyde is a colorless or pale yellow liquid organic compound with a pungent odor. It is primarily used as an intermediate in the production of various chemicals and pharmaceutical ingredients.
2
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe, France, Macao, India, Canada, Switzerland, Japan, Australia, Spain, Poland, Belgium, Brazil, Czechia, Portugal, Austria, Denmark, Israel, Sweden, Ireland, Hungary, Mexico, Netherlands, Singapore, Indonesia, Slovakia, Cameroon, Norway, Thailand, Chile, Finland, Malaysia, Latvia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Pakistan, Uruguay, Bangladesh
DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
3
Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Japan, Canada, Italy, France, Switzerland, New Zealand, Brazil, Belgium, India, Spain, Israel, Austria, Poland, Ireland, Sweden, Macao, Netherlands, Denmark, Cameroon, Singapore, Portugal, Argentina, Holy See (Vatican City State), Morocco, Uruguay, Mexico, Thailand, Sao Tome and Principe, Hungary, Panama, Hong Kong, Norway, United Arab Emirates, Czechia, Russian Federation, Chile, Moldova, Republic of, Gabon, Palestine, State of, Saudi Arabia, Senegal
Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
4
Vt1000x vibratome by Leica
Sourced in United States
The Leica VT1000X vibratome is a precision instrument used for sectioning biological samples. It employs a vibrating blade to create thin, uniform sections from fixed or embedded specimens. The VT1000X is capable of producing sections ranging from 10 to 500 micrometers in thickness, allowing for the preparation of high-quality samples for various microscopy and analysis techniques.
5
Acetonitrile by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, Italy, India, China, United Kingdom, France, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, Australia, Canada, Brazil, Sao Tome and Principe, Ireland, Belgium, Macao, Japan, Singapore, Mexico, Austria, Czechia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Egypt, Denmark, Chile, Malaysia, Israel, Croatia, Portugal, New Zealand, Romania, Norway, Sweden, Indonesia
Acetonitrile is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid. It is a commonly used solvent in various analytical and chemical applications, including liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and other laboratory procedures. Acetonitrile is known for its high polarity and ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds.
6
Cyclophosphamide by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, France, United Kingdom, Sao Tome and Principe, Japan, Israel, China, Belgium, India, Switzerland
Cyclophosphamide is a chemical compound used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in the production of certain medications. It is a cytotoxic agent that can interfere with cell division and proliferation. The core function of cyclophosphamide is to serve as a key component in the formulation of pharmaceutical products.
7
Anti acrolein by Abcam
Sourced in United Kingdom, United States
Anti-acrolein is a reagent used in research applications. It serves as an analytical tool to detect and quantify the presence of acrolein, a chemical compound that can be used as a biomarker for various biological and environmental conditions.
8
Acetone by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, Italy, India, Spain, China, Poland, Switzerland, Australia, France, Canada, Sweden, Japan, Ireland, Brazil, Chile, Macao, Belgium, Sao Tome and Principe, Czechia, Malaysia, Denmark, Portugal, Argentina, Singapore, Israel, Netherlands, Mexico, Pakistan, Finland
Acetone is a colorless, volatile, and flammable liquid. It is a common solvent used in various industrial and laboratory applications. Acetone has a high solvency power, making it useful for dissolving a wide range of organic compounds.
9
Vibratome by Leica
Sourced in Germany, United States, France, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Italy, Sweden, China, Japan
The Vibratome is a precision instrument used to create thin, uniform sections of biological samples. It utilizes a vibrating blade to make clean, precise cuts through soft tissues, enabling the preparation of samples for further analysis and examination.
10
Penicillin by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, China, France, Canada, Japan, Australia, Switzerland, Italy, Israel, Belgium, Austria, Spain, Brazil, Netherlands, Gabon, Denmark, Poland, Ireland, New Zealand, Sweden, Argentina, India, Macao, Uruguay, Portugal, Holy See (Vatican City State), Czechia, Singapore, Panama, Thailand, Moldova, Republic of, Finland, Morocco
Penicillin is a type of antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent effective against a variety of bacteria. Penicillin functions by disrupting the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell death.

More about "Acrolein"

Acrolein is a highly reactive aldehyde compound, also known as propenal or acrylaldehyde.
It is a potent irritant and cytotoxic substance commonly used in the production of acrylic acid.
Acrolein can also be formed as a byproduct in various industrial processes and combustion reactions, including the burning of organic materials like wood, tobacco, and fuels.
The exposure to acrolein has been associated with a range of adverse health effects, including respiratory irritation, DNA damage, and potential carcinogenic activity.
Understanding the mechanisms and impact of acrolein exposure is an important area of research in the fields of toxicology, environmental health, and occupational safety.
Related compounds and topics relevant to acrolein research include crotonaldehyde, a structural isomer with similar irritant properties; DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), a solvent commonly used in acrolein studies; FBS (fetal bovine serum), a common cell culture supplement; the VT1000X vibratome, a tool used for tissue sectioning in acrolein-related experiments; acetonitrile, a solvent used in analytical techniques; cyclophosphamide, a chemotherapeutic agent that can induce acrolein formation; anti-acrolein antibodies for detection and quantification; and acetone, another solvent used in acrolein-related research.
The PubCompare.ai platform can be a valuable tool for researchers studying acrolein, as it can help optimize and streamline these studies by locating the most reproducible and accurate experimental protocols from the literature, preprints, and patents.
Experiance the power of PubCompare.ai today to advance your acroelin research with ease.