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Alcaine

Alcaine is a local anesthetic agent used in ophthalmology.
It is effective in producing topical anesthesia of the eye and is commonly used prior to ophthalmic procedures to numb the surface of the eye.
Alcaine works by blocking the transmission of pain signals from the nerves in the cornea and conjunctiva.
It has a rapid onset of action and a relatively short duration of effect.
Alciane is generally considered safe and well-tolerated, though it may cause temporary stinging or burning upon instillation.
It is an important tool for providing comfort and pain relief during eye examinations and surgeries.

Most cited protocols related to «Alcaine»

1
Corneal Nerve Morphology in Herpetic Stromal Keratitis

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Publication 2010
Alcaine Anesthesia Contact Lenses Cornea Cytoskeletal Filaments Dendrites Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis Ethics Committees Ethics Committees, Research Eye Injuries Hypersensitivity Hypromellose Keratitis, Herpetic Lens, Crystalline Microscopy Microscopy, Confocal Nerve Fibers Nervousness Normal Volunteers nylon 12 Patients proparacaine hydrochloride Radionuclide Imaging Reading Frames Slit Lamp Examination Student Torso
2
Elevated Intraocular Pressure Mouse Model
Six- to eight-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were purchased from Guangdong Medical Laboratory Animal Center. The feeding and administration of mice strictly complied with the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research.
The mice were anesthetized with 100 mg/kg pentobarbital sodium by intraperitoneal injection. Before operation, mice corneas were topically anesthetized with 0.5% Alcaine eye drops, and pupils were dilated with 1% tropicamide. We then conducted cannulation into the anterior chamber of the right eye using a 30-gauge needle supplied with balanced salt solution to maintain the IOP at 70 mmHg for 60 min. Sham operation was performed in the contralateral eye without elevating the IOP to serve as the control. After 60 min, the IOP was normalized by withdrawing the needle, and then tobramycin ointment was used to prevent bacterial infection.
Wan P., Su W., Zhang Y., Li Z., Deng C, & Zhuo Y. (2017). Trimetazidine protects retinal ganglion cells from acute glaucoma via the Nrf2/Ho-1 pathway. Clinical Science (London, England : 1979), 131(18), 2363-2375.
Publication 2017
Alcaine Animals Animals, Laboratory Bacterial Infections Cannulation Chambers, Anterior Cornea Eye Drops Injections, Intraperitoneal Males Mice, House Mice, Inbred C57BL Needles Ointments Pentobarbital Sodium Pupil Sodium Chloride Tobramycin Tropicamide Vision
3
Comparison of Non-contact Tonometers with Goldmann Applanation Tonometry
Fifty-two eyes of 52 non-glaucomatous healthy subjects aged 21 to 85 years were included in the study. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center (IRB no. 2015–12-052) and was performed in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. None of the subjects had any history of ocular pathology affecting IOP, refractive surgery or trauma, and none had worn contact lenses within the two-week period prior to IOP measurement. Subjects were excluded if they had regular astigmatism greater than 3.50 diopters (D) or any irregular astigmatism. To avoid the double-organ bias, one eye per individual was randomly included in the analysis using a table of random numbers for randomization [22 (link)]. In a fixed sequence, all of the subjects were examined with the three NCTs, the GAT and ultrasound pachymeter (850, Humphrey Instruments, Inc., San Leandro, CA, USA) to obtain IOP and central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements, respectively. According to the GAT IOP values, the eyes were categorized into low-teen (<14 mmHg), mid-teen (≥14 and ≤17 mmHg) and high-teen (>17 mmHg) groups.
IOP measurements were made by the same experienced ancillary staff using the three NCTs. The order in which the instruments were used was the Canon TX-20P, followed by the Nidek NT-530P, the Topcon CT-1P and the GAT. Each of the tonometers was calibrated according to the manufacturer’s guidelines prior to its use in this study. In manual measurements using the Nidek NT-530P, on the other hand, the operator aligns the cornea by superimposing a reflection of the target from the subject’s cornea on a stationary ring and depresses the trigger when the cornea is aligned. In the present study, the mean of three measurements was used so as to avoid the effect of fluctuations caused by the cardiac pulse cycle.
IOP measurements were taken with the GAT (AT900; Haag-Streit, Köniz, Switzerland) according to the standard procedures. Before acquisition, one drop of 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride eye drops (Alcaine®, Alcon Laboratories Inc., Fort Worth, TX, USA) was instilled and a fluorescein strip was applied to the inferior conjunctival fornix. To avoid error introduced by topical anesthesia, the GAT was applied five minutes after eyedrop instillation [23 (link)]. The last IOP measurement was obtained using GAT to avoid a corneal-compression-induced aqueous outflow increase that would have affected subsequent IOP readings [24 (link), 25 (link)]. Also, the mean of three measurements of GAT was used and each IOP readings were masked to the one clinician (SPB) performing the measurements. Between each instrumentation application, the subjects were allowed a five-minute rest period to recover from the aqueous outflow. All of the measurements were taken between 11:30 am and 1:30 pm in order to minimize the effects of diurnal IOP variation [26 (link)].
Pearson correlation analysis, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the paired t-test were used to assess the correlation, consistency and agreement among the IOP measurements provided by each instrument. We also constructed Bland-Altman plots using Medcalc version 15.2 (Ostend, Belgium) to compare the bias in the IOP measurements of each NCT relative to the GAT. Simple linear regression analysis was used to assess the correlations between CCT and the IOP measurements of each tonometer. The paired t-test was used to analyze the difference between the IOP measurements of each NCT and the GAT in each subgroup divided by the GAT IOP values. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA).
Bang S.P., Lee C.E, & Kim Y.C. (2017). Comparison of intraocular pressure as measured by three different non-contact tonometers and goldmann applanation tonometer for non-glaucomatous subjects. BMC Ophthalmology, 17, 199.
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Publication 2017
Adolescent Alcaine Astigmatism Circadian Rhythms Conjunctiva Contact Lenses Cornea Corneal Pachymetry Ethics Committees, Research Eye Fluorescein Fornix, Brain Glaucoma Healthy Volunteers Heart Hepatitis A Antigens Ophthalmic Solution Precipitating Factors proparacaine hydrochloride Pulse Rate Reflex Surgeries, Refractive Topical Anesthetics Ultrasonics Vision Wounds and Injuries
4
Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis Induction
Induction of EAU by active immunization with 6–8 µg IRBP emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA; Sigma, St. Louis, MO) as described previously [19] (link). Eyes were examined for clinical signs of uveitis using a binocular fundus microscope with coaxial illumination. Mice were anesthetized systemically by intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (77 mg/kg) and xylazine (4.6 mg/kg) and ocular surface was anesthetized by 0.5% Alcaine drops. The pupils were dilated using 0.5% Tropicamide and 0.5% phenylephrine hydrochloride. A drop of sterile physiological solution was placed on the cornea and a microscope coverslip on the cornea served as a lens to equalize refraction. Eyes were examined for engorged blood vessels, constricted blood vessels (“cuffing”), white linear lesions, subretinal hemorrhages, and retinal detachment. Clinical EAU score was evaluated on a scale of 0–4, as described in detail elsewhere [7] , [20] .
Chen J., Qian H., Horai R., Chan C.C, & Caspi R.R. (2013). Use of Optical Coherence Tomography and Electroretinography to Evaluate Retinal Pathology in a Mouse Model of Autoimmune Uveitis. PLoS ONE, 8(5), e63904.
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Publication 2013
Alcaine Blood Vessel Cornea Eye Freund's Adjuvant Hemorrhage Injections, Intraperitoneal Ketamine Lens, Crystalline Light Microscopy Mice, House Microscopy Ocular Refraction Phenylephrine Hydrochloride physiology Pupil Retinal Detachment Sterility, Reproductive Tropicamide Uveitis Vaccination Vision Xylazine
5
Corneal Neovascularization Induction and Analysis
Five days after subconjunctival injection, corneal neovascularization was induced by alkali burn, according to the method devised by Ormerod and collegues with modification [16 (link)]. Briefly, after general anesthesia with an intraperitoneal injection of a combination of xylazine hydrochloride (5 mg/kg) and ketamine hydrochloride (35 mg/kg; both purchased from HangZhou Peak Chemical Corp., Zhejiang, China), and topical anesthesia with a drop of 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride (Alcaine eye drops; Alcon Inc., Fort Worth, TX), filter paper (2.5 mm diameter) was immersed in 2.5 μl 0.1 M NaOH and then placed centrally on the mouse cornea for 30 s. The alkali-treated cornea was then irrigated with 60 ml of normal saline. Subsequently, corneal and limbal epithelia were scraped off with a surgical blade under a microscope. Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment was administered immediately after epithelial denudation.
The area of corneal neovascularization was quantified by photographic documentation every 3 days for a total duration of 9 days. Three mice of each group were sacrificed on days 3, 6, and 9 after corneal injury for immunohistochemistry. Corneas from ten mice of each group were procured on days 5, 8, and 14 after alkali treatment for western blot analysis. On day 9 after alkali treatment, corneas from the remaining mice were procured for real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT–PCR) analysis.
Zhou S.Y., Xie Z.L., Xiao O., Yang X.R., Heng B.C, & Sato Y. (2010). Inhibition of mouse alkali burn induced-corneal neovascularization by recombinant adenovirus encoding human vasohibin-1. Molecular Vision, 16, 1389-1398.
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Publication 2010
Alcaine Alkalies Anesthesia Cornea Cornea Injuries Corneal Neovascularization Epithelium Erythromycin Eye Drops General Anesthesia Immunohistochemistry Injections, Intraperitoneal Ketamine Hydrochloride Mice, House Microscopy Normal Saline Ointments Operative Surgical Procedures proparacaine hydrochloride Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Reverse Transcription Strains Western Blot Xylazine Hydrochloride

Most recents protocols related to «Alcaine»

1
Retinal Vein Occlusion Mouse Model
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Example 2

In the following experiments, a mouse model of RVO, which induces reproducible retinal edema was used. RVO is the model that was used for testing anti-VEGF therapies for DME. Brown et al., Ophthalmology 117, 1124-1133 el 121 (2010); and Campochiaro et al., Ophthalmology 117, 1102-1112 e1101 (2010). I n this model, Rose Bengal, a photoactivatable dye, is injected into the tail veins of adult C57B16 mice and photoactivated by laser of retinal veins around the optic nerve head. A clot is formed and edema or increased retinal thickness develops rapidly. Inflammation, also seen in diabetes, also develops.

Fluorescein leakage and maximal retinal edema, measured by fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT), respectively, using the Phoenix Micron IV, is observed 24 h after RVO. Retinal edema is maintained over the first 3 days RVO. By day 4 the edema decreases and the retina subsequently thins out. In addition to edema formation there is evidence of cell death in the photoreceptor cell layer by day 2 after RVO.

In this example, mice were anesthetized with intra-peritoneal (IP) injection of ketamine and xylazine. One drop of 0.5% alcaine was added to the eye as topical anesthetic. The retina was imaged with the Phoenix Micron IV to choose veins for laser ablation using the Phoenix Micron IV image guided laser. One to four veins around the optic nerve head were ablated by delivering a laser pulse (power 50 mW, spot size 50 μm, duration 3 seconds) to each vein.

US11857609B2. Ocular delivery of cell permeant therapeutics for the treatment of retinal edema (2024-01-02). THE TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK [US]. Inventors: Carol M. Troy [US], Ying Y. Jean [US].
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Patent 2024
Adult Alcaine Cell Death Clotrimazole Diabetes Mellitus Edema Fluorescein Fluorescein Angiography Inflammation Injections, Intraperitoneal Ketamine Laser Ablation Mus Neoplasm Metastasis Optic Disk Photoreceptor Cells Pulse Rate Retina Retinal Edema Rose Bengal Tail Tomography, Optical Coherence Topical Anesthetics Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Veins Veins, Central Retinal Vision Xylazine
2
Intravitreal Injection Procedure
All injections were performed in the operating room. The standard injection technique applied to all patients is as follows: Eyelids and around the eyes were wiped with a 10% sterile gauze pad impregnated with povidone-iodine. Proparacaine hydrochloride (Alcaine) was dropped for topi-cal anesthesia. After placing the sterile eyelid retractor, 5% povidone-iodine was added to the eye surface and left for 3 min and then washed with a sterile isotonic solution. Four mm from the limbus in phakic eyes and 3.5 mm from the limbus in pseudophakic eyes were marked with compasses. Superotemporal quadrant was tried to be preferred as the entry point. 0.1 mL (0.5 mg) RAN was injected from the point determined by the compass with the 30 gauge needle toward the center of the vitreous cavity. The same procedure was followed in the DEX group, but additionally, subconjunctival anesthesia was applied and the DEX implant was injected into the vitreous with a 22 gauge applicator.
A short-term gentle pressure was applied to the injection site with a cotton-tipped applicator immediately after the injection to prevent the drug or vitreous from leaking back and bleeding from the conjunctiva. The tone of the eye was controlled digitally. Whether there was a sense of light was questioned. Antibiotic drops were given to all patients for one week and they were warned to apply to the emergency department if they have complaints such as sudden vision decrease, pain, and redness. Patients were called for control the next day and examined for infection and sudden IOP increase.
Ozcift S.G., Aydin E., Egrilmez E.D., Koc F, & Eris E. (2023). Comparison of Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant and Intravitreal Ranibizumab Efficacy in Younger Patients with Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion. Beyoglu Eye Journal, 8(1), 21-25.
Publication 2023
Alcaine Anesthesia Antibiotics Conjunctiva Dental Caries Erythema Eyelids Gossypium Infection Isotonic Solutions Light Low Vision Needles Pain Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Povidone Iodine Pressure proparacaine hydrochloride Sterility, Reproductive TOP1 protein, human
3
Anesthesia Protocol for Rat Ocular Surgery
All experiments involving animals were approved by the Institutional Local Committee for Animal Research. Animals were treated in accordance with the European Communities Council Directive (86/609/EEC) and in a manner comparable to the guidelines published by the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research. Experiments were conducted in accordance with the ARVO Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research. In this study, we used 35 eight-week-old male Long Evans rats weighing approximately 200 g. During the experiments, animals were maintained on a 12-h dark-light cycle at a stable temperature and optimal humidity with free access to water and a standard pelleted diet. Each surgical procedure was performed under general anesthesia with an intraperitoneal injection of a mixture of ketamine (50 mg/kg; VetaKetam, Vetagro, Poland) and xylazine (5 mg/kg; Xylapan, Vetoquinol Biowet, Poland) and topical anesthesia with 0.5% proxymetacaine eye drops (Alcaine, Alcon, Fort Worth, TX, USA).
Pacwa A., Machowicz J., Akhtar S., Rodak P., Liu X., Pietrucha-Dutczak M., Lewin-Kowalik J., Amadio M, & Smedowski A. (2023). Deficiency of the RNA-binding protein ELAVL1/HuR leads to the failure of endogenous and exogenous neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 17, 1131356.
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Publication 2023
Alcaine Animals Animals, Laboratory Eye Drops General Anesthesia Humidity Injections, Intraperitoneal Ketamine Males Operative Surgical Procedures proparacaine Rats, Long-Evans Therapy, Diet Topical Anesthetics Vision Xylazine
4
SMILE Procedure for Myopia Correction
All SMILE procedures were performed by the same surgeon (ZSB) using the VisuMax femtosecond laser system (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany) with a 500-kHz repetition rate. All patients went under topical anesthesia (Alcaine; AlconCouvreur n.v., Puurs, Belgium) instilled 2 or 3 times. The laser cut energy index was 155 nJ; the intended cap thickness was 120 μm; the programmed optical zone diameter was between 6.0 and 6.8 mm, and the diameter of the cap was 1 mm larger than the diameter of the lenticule. The optical zone was selected based on the pupil diameter and percent tissue alert (PTA). After the creation of the lenticule, an incision of approximately 2 mm in length was created at the 11 o’clock position for lenticule extraction. After surgery, one drop of dexamethasone steroid (Tobradex; Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, TX) was placed in each eye. A recommended nomogram from VisuMax femtosecond laser system was implemented for all subjects to predict LT.
Wang H., Zheng S., Tang S., Zhang X., Chen Y, & Zhu Y. (2023). Investigation of Accuracy and Influence Factors of Predicting Lenticule Thickness in Small Incision Lenticule Extraction by Machine Learning Models. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(2), 256.
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Publication 2023
Alcaine Dexamethasone Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Pupil Steroids Surgeons Tissues TobraDex Topical Anesthetics
5
Impression Cytology of Rabbit Dry Eye
All rabbits were adopted a week before the experiments in the Laboratory Animal Center of China Medical University (Taiwan, ROC). The animals were kept at a controlled temperature (23 ± 2 °C), in relative humidity (60% ± 10%), with 12 h light–dark cycles (07:00–19:00), and given food and water ad libitum. All procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC no. 2021-276) of China Medical University. A total of 30 rabbits were used for the impression cytology study. The rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups: the normal control group (n = 10), the vehicle group (n = 10), and the anti-miR-328 group (n = 10). Ten rabbits in the normal control were not treated with anything. DED was induced in the other 20 rabbits from days 1 to 21 by instilling 20 µL of 0.15% BAC twice per day (9 am and 5 pm). A quantity of 20 µL of anti-miR-328 (160 µM) or vehicle (PBS) was instilled in both eyes twice per day from day 8 to day 21, whereas BAC was still instilled 10 min after anti-miR-328 or vehicle treatment in these 2 weeks. Conjunctival impression cytology specimens were collected on day 21. After instilling 0.5% Alcaine and wiping away excessive fluid from the eye, a half-circular piece of nitrocellulose filter paper (T ADVANTEC®, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan) with a diameter of 5.5 mm was placed on the superior bulbar conjunctiva. The filter paper was held in place for 1 min via slight pressure and was then peeled off from the eye and immediately fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin. Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) staining was performed using the PAS Stain Kit (ScyTek, Logan, UT, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The number of goblet cells was counted under a microscope at a 400× magnification. The density of goblet cells was quantified and expressed as the average number of cells in three random fixed areas (0.36 mm2) of each specimen in a high-powered field.
Choo J., Liao C.H., Tseng C.L., Chen J.L., Cheng H.C., Liang C.L, & Juo S.H. (2023). Inhibition of microRNA-328 Increases Ocular Mucin Expression and Conjunctival Goblet Cells. Biomedicines, 11(2), 287.
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Publication 2023
Alcaine Animals Animals, Laboratory Antagomirs ARID1A protein, human Conjunctiva Conjunctiva, Bulbar Cytological Techniques Edema Food Formalin Humidity Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Microscopy Nitrocellulose Oryctolagus cuniculus Periodic Acid Pressure Stains

Top products related to «Alcaine»

1
Alcaine by Alcon
Sourced in United States, Belgium, Japan, Australia, China
Alcaine is a topical ophthalmic solution. It contains the active ingredient proparacaine hydrochloride, which is a local anesthetic used to numb the eye's surface.
2
Proparacaine hydrochloride alcaine by Alcon
Sourced in United States, Belgium, Switzerland
Proparacaine hydrochloride (Alcaine) is a topical ophthalmic anesthetic solution used to temporarily numb the eye surface. It is designed to provide rapid-onset and short-duration anesthesia for various ophthalmic procedures.
3
Proparacaine hydrochloride by Alcon
Sourced in United States, Belgium, France, Canada
Proparacaine hydrochloride is a topical anesthetic used to numb the eye before certain medical procedures. It works by blocking the transmission of pain signals from the eye to the brain.
4
Alcaine eye drop by Alcon
Sourced in United States, Belgium
Alcaine eye drops are a topical ophthalmic solution. The product's core function is to provide a local anesthetic effect on the eye.
5
Mydrin p by Santen
Sourced in Japan, Germany
Mydrin-P is a laboratory product used for ophthalmic purposes. It functions as a mydriatic agent, intended to dilate the pupil.
6
Rompun by Bayer
Sourced in Germany, France, United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Italy, Brazil, Belgium, Cameroon, Switzerland, Spain, Australia, Ireland, Sweden, Portugal, Netherlands, Austria, Denmark, New Zealand
Rompun is a veterinary drug used as a sedative and analgesic for animals. It contains the active ingredient xylazine hydrochloride. Rompun is designed to induce a state of sedation and pain relief in animals during medical procedures or transportation.
7
Mydriacyl by Alcon
Sourced in United States, Belgium, Australia, Canada, Switzerland, Egypt
Mydriacyl is a pharmaceutical product used in ophthalmology. It is a mydriatic agent that dilates the pupil, allowing for improved examination and treatment of the eye.
8
Proxymetacaine hydrochloride by Alcon
Sourced in Brazil, United States, Australia
Proxymetacaine hydrochloride is a local anesthetic agent. It functions by blocking the transmission of pain signals from the affected area.
9
Cyclopentolate by Alcon
Sourced in United States, Japan, Belgium
Cyclopentolate is a topical ophthalmic solution used in the medical field. It is a cycloplegic and mydriatic agent, primarily utilized for diagnostic purposes in eye examinations.
10
Cravit by Santen
Sourced in Japan, Ireland, China, United States
Cravit is a laboratory equipment product. It is used for conducting scientific experiments and analyses.

More about "Alcaine"

Alcaine is a topical anesthetic agent commonly used in ophthalmology to provide numbing and pain relief for the eye.
It is also known as proparacaine hydrochloride and is often used prior to various eye procedures, such as eye exams, surgeries, and other treatments.
Alcaine works by blocking the transmission of pain signals from the nerves in the cornea and conjunctiva, resulting in a rapid onset of action and a relatively short duration of effect.
While generally well-tolerated, Alcaine may cause temporary stinging or burning upon instillation.
Other related topical anesthetics used in ophthalmology include Mydrin-P (tropicamide and phenylephrine), Rompun (xylazine), Mydriacyl (tropicamide), Proxymetacaine hydrochloride, Cyclopentolate, and Cravit (levofloxacin).
These agents can be used for a variety of purposes, such as numbing the eye, dilating the pupil, and preventing or treating eye infections.
When choosing the right topical anesthetic for your needs, it is important to consider factors such as the specific procedure, the desired duration of effect, and any potential side effects or interactions.
Consulting with an eye care professional can help ensure the safe and effective use of these important ophthalmic tools.