AV leaflets were dissected from fresh porcine hearts acquired from commercial abattoirs and assigned into one of three age groups: YNG (6 weeks old), ADT (6 month old), or OLD (2 years old). Immunostains for numerous thrombotic and anti-thrombotic markers (Table 1 ) were performed on the AV leaflets of different ages, and the proportion of the tissue stained was quantified. The same hemostatic markers were also assessed using qRT-PCR and immunocytochemistry on porcine aortic valve endothelial cell (PAVEC) cultures of the three age groups, human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) and porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cell (PPAEC) cultures. A sandwich ELISA was performed to quantify levels of VWF protein release and cleavage from histamine stimulated PAVECs, HUVECs, and PPAECs. To assess the effects of VEC-released VWF on calcific nodule formation in vitro, conditioned culture mediums consisting of 3% (v/v) PAVEC stimulation medium supernatant (via histamine stimulation) from the three age groups (YNG, ADT, OLD) were mixed with low serum VIC culture medium, and exposed to porcine aortic valve interstitial cells PAVICs) for 10 days. For study controls, PAVICs were also cultured in VIC low serum medium only, low serum VIC medium with 3% fresh PAVEC stimulation medium and no histamine, and low serum PAVIC medium with 3% fresh PAVEC stimulation medium with 8.4 nM histamine. PAVICs were stained with Alizarin Red S to dye calcified nodules red, and the number nodules and nodule sizes were measured. A full description of the materials and methods is available in the online-only Data Supplement.
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Alizarin Red S
Alizarin Red S
Alizarin Red S is a widely used dye and stain in biological and medical research.
It is a bright red anthraquinone dye with applications in the detection and analysis of calcium deposition, bone mineralization, and other calcium-related processes.
Alizarin Red S binds to calcium ions, producing a distinctive red-orange color that can be visualized and quantified using various techniques.
Researchers utilize Alizarin Red S to study bone development, cartilage formation, and biomineralization, as well as to identify and characterize calcium-rich structures in cells and tissues.
This versatile dye has become an indispensable tool in the field of calcium and skeletal biology resaarch.
It is a bright red anthraquinone dye with applications in the detection and analysis of calcium deposition, bone mineralization, and other calcium-related processes.
Alizarin Red S binds to calcium ions, producing a distinctive red-orange color that can be visualized and quantified using various techniques.
Researchers utilize Alizarin Red S to study bone development, cartilage formation, and biomineralization, as well as to identify and characterize calcium-rich structures in cells and tissues.
This versatile dye has become an indispensable tool in the field of calcium and skeletal biology resaarch.
Most cited protocols related to «Alizarin Red S»
Age Groups
Alizarin Red S
Cell Culture Techniques
Culture Media, Conditioned
Cytokinesis
Dietary Supplements
Endothelial Cells
Endothelium
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Heart
Hemostasis
Histamine
Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Immunocytochemistry
Leydig Cells
Pigs
Proteins
Pulmonary Artery
Serum
Tissues
Valves, Aortic
For clonal sphere formation, cells were plated at clonal density (<500 cells/cm2) or by single cell sorting into ultra-low adherent plates as previously described (Méndez-Ferrer et al., 2010 (link)). Cells were kept at 37°C with 5% CO2 in a water-jacketed incubator and left untouched for 1 wk to prevent cell aggregation. One-half medium changes were performed weekly. All spheres in a given well were counted at day 9, and results are expressed as a percentage of plated cells.
For osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation, mouse or human PDGFRα+ CD51+ cells were treated with StemXVivo Osteogenic, Adipogenic, or Chondrogenic mouse- or human-specific differentiation media, according to the manufacturer’s instructions (R&D Systems). All cultures were maintained with 5% CO2 in a water-jacketed incubator at 37°C. At specific time points, cells were collected for RNA or cytochemistry analysis. Osteogenic differentiation indicated by mineralization of extracellular matrix and calcium deposits was revealed by Alizarin Red S staining. Cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) for 30 min. After rinsing in distilled water, cells were stained with 40 mM Alizarin Red S (Sigma-Aldrich) solution at pH 4.2, rinsed in distilled water, and washed in Tris-buffered saline for 15 min to remove nonspecific staining. Adipocytes were identified by the typical production of lipid droplets. Chondrocytes were revealed by Toluidine Blue staining, which detects the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans. Cells were fixed with 4% PFA for 60 min, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned. Sections were incubated with 0.5% Toluidine Blue (Sigma-Aldrich) in distilled water for 15 min. To remove nonspecific staining, sections were rinsed thrice with running water (5 min each).
For osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation, mouse or human PDGFRα+ CD51+ cells were treated with StemXVivo Osteogenic, Adipogenic, or Chondrogenic mouse- or human-specific differentiation media, according to the manufacturer’s instructions (R&D Systems). All cultures were maintained with 5% CO2 in a water-jacketed incubator at 37°C. At specific time points, cells were collected for RNA or cytochemistry analysis. Osteogenic differentiation indicated by mineralization of extracellular matrix and calcium deposits was revealed by Alizarin Red S staining. Cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) for 30 min. After rinsing in distilled water, cells were stained with 40 mM Alizarin Red S (Sigma-Aldrich) solution at pH 4.2, rinsed in distilled water, and washed in Tris-buffered saline for 15 min to remove nonspecific staining. Adipocytes were identified by the typical production of lipid droplets. Chondrocytes were revealed by Toluidine Blue staining, which detects the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans. Cells were fixed with 4% PFA for 60 min, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned. Sections were incubated with 0.5% Toluidine Blue (Sigma-Aldrich) in distilled water for 15 min. To remove nonspecific staining, sections were rinsed thrice with running water (5 min each).
Adipocytes
Adipogenesis
Alizarin Red S
Anabolism
Cell Aggregation
Cells
Chondrocyte
Chondrogenesis
Clone Cells
Extracellular Matrix
Glycosaminoglycans
Homo sapiens
Lipid Droplet
Mus
Osteogenesis
Paraffin Embedding
paraform
Physiologic Calcification
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha Receptor
Saline Solution
Tolonium Chloride
The multi-differentiation potential of the TSCs was tested in vitro for adipogenesis, chondrogenesis, and osteogenesis. TSCs at passage 1 were seeded in a 6-well plate at a density of 2.4 × 105 cells/well in basic growth medium (10% heat inactivated FBS, 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin in DMEM-low glucose). To test adipogenic potential, TSCs were cultured in adipogenic induction medium (Millipore, Cat. # SCR026) consisting of basic growth medium supplemented with 1 μM dexamethasone, 10 μg/ml insulin, 100 μM indomethacin, and 0.5 mM isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX). As a test of chondrogenic potential, TSCs were cultured in basic growth medium plus 40 μg/ml proline, 39 ng/ml dexamethasone, 10 ng/ml TGF-β 3, 50 μg/ml ascorbate 2-phosphate, 100 μg/ml sodium pyruvate, and 50 mg/ml insulin-transferrin-selenious acid mix (ITS) from BD Bioscience (Bedford, MA). Finally, osteogenic potential was tested by culturing TSCs in osteogenic induction medium (Millipore Cat. # SCR028) consisting of basic growth medium augmented with 0.1 μM dexamethasone, 0.2 mM ascorbic 2-phosphate, and 10 mM glycerol 2-phosphate. TSCs cultured in basic growth medium were used for control cells. To assay adipogenesis, chondrogenesis, and osteogenesis of TSCs, Oil Red O, Safranin O, and Alizarin Red S assays (see below), respectively, were used.
In addition to assessing differentiation potential of TSCs, the possible trans-differentiation potential of patellar tenocytes (PTs) and Achilles tenocytes (ATs) was also tested by the same assays used for testing TSCs. PTs and ATs were grown in the same culture conditions as TSCs.
In addition to assessing differentiation potential of TSCs, the possible trans-differentiation potential of patellar tenocytes (PTs) and Achilles tenocytes (ATs) was also tested by the same assays used for testing TSCs. PTs and ATs were grown in the same culture conditions as TSCs.
Acid, Selenious
Adipogenesis
Alizarin Red S
ascorbate-2-phosphate
beta-glycerol phosphate
Biological Assay
CCL26 protein, human
Cells
Chondrogenesis
Culture Media
Dexamethasone
Glucose
Indomethacin
Insulin
Osteogenesis
Patella
Penicillins
Phosphates
Proline
Pyruvate
safranine T
Sodium
solvent red 27
Streptomycin
Tendon, Achilles
Tenocytes
Transferrin
Transforming Growth Factor beta3
Mice tibias (n = 3) were excised, fixed with 10% natural buffered formalin, and decalcified in 10% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for one to two weeks at 4°C. The samples were embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5 μm, and stained with H&E. Quantification of cartilage length was done with Image J (NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA).
Alizarin Red/Alcian Blue staining was used to stain the whole skeleton as reported before [24 –26 (link)]. Briefly, skeleton of newborn mice (n = 3) were fixed with 90% ethanol, and then stained with 0.01% Alcian Blue solution and 1% Alizarin Red S solution, respectively. Stained skeletons were stored in glycerol.
Deparaffinized slides (n = 3) were stained with 2% Alizarin red (pH = 4.2) for 2 min and then dehydrated with acetone, acetone-xylene (1:1), and xylene. Von Kossa staining was performed with 1% silver nitrate solution in glass coplin jar placed under ultraviolet light for 20–30 minutes [27 (link)]. Un-reacted silver was washed with 5% sodium thiosulfate. Fast green was used as counter stain. The slides were dehydrated with graded alcohols and mounted with permanent mounting medium. Bone volume (BV) and tissue volume (TV) were measured using Image J software with Bone J plugin [28 (link)].
Safranin O staining was used to visualize cartilage and access the content of proteoglycan. Deparaffinized slides were stained with Weigert’s iron hematoxylin and fast green, and then stained with 0.1% safranin O solution.
Alizarin Red/Alcian Blue staining was used to stain the whole skeleton as reported before [24 –26 (link)]. Briefly, skeleton of newborn mice (n = 3) were fixed with 90% ethanol, and then stained with 0.01% Alcian Blue solution and 1% Alizarin Red S solution, respectively. Stained skeletons were stored in glycerol.
Deparaffinized slides (n = 3) were stained with 2% Alizarin red (pH = 4.2) for 2 min and then dehydrated with acetone, acetone-xylene (1:1), and xylene. Von Kossa staining was performed with 1% silver nitrate solution in glass coplin jar placed under ultraviolet light for 20–30 minutes [27 (link)]. Un-reacted silver was washed with 5% sodium thiosulfate. Fast green was used as counter stain. The slides were dehydrated with graded alcohols and mounted with permanent mounting medium. Bone volume (BV) and tissue volume (TV) were measured using Image J software with Bone J plugin [28 (link)].
Safranin O staining was used to visualize cartilage and access the content of proteoglycan. Deparaffinized slides were stained with Weigert’s iron hematoxylin and fast green, and then stained with 0.1% safranin O solution.
Acetone
Alcian Blue
Alizarin Red S
Bones
Cartilage
Edetic Acid
Ethanol
Fast Green
Formalin
Glycerin
Infant, Newborn
Iron
Mus
Paraffin Embedding
Proteoglycan
safranine T
Silver
Silver Nitrate
Skeleton
sodium thiosulfate
Tibia
Tissues
Ultraviolet Rays
Xylene
We performed the alkaline phosphatase activity assays using a kit (K412-500, BioVision, Inc., Milpitas, CA, USA) on Days 1, 5, and 7 following the manufacturer’s protocol. In short, the cell spheroids were suspended in an assay buffer, sonicated, and centrifuged. Then the supernatant was mixed with a p-nitrophenylphosphate substrate and incubation was performed. The optical density of the resultant p-nitrophenol was measured spectrophotometrically at 405 nm. We performed Alizarin Red S staining on Days 7 and 14.
Alizarin Red S
Alkaline Phosphatase
Biological Assay
Buffers
Nitrophenols
nitrophenylphosphate
Spheroids, Cellular
Vision
Most recents protocols related to «Alizarin Red S»
After the in vitro treatment, the culture medium was abandoned and the cells were washed 2–3 times by PBS, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min, washed with dd H2O and stained with alizarin red S staining solution (Beyotime) for 30 min. After being rinsed with dd H2O, the cells were observed under a microscope (IX50, Olympus, Japan) and photographed. For quantitative analysis, 10% cetyl pyridine chlorophenol (Sigma) was used to dissolve the staining into 10 mm sodium phosphate (Aladdin). The absorbance value was measured at 540 nm using a microplate reader.
Alizarin Red S
Cells
Chlorophenols
Culture Media
Microscopy
paraform
Pyridines
sodium phosphate
Bamboo pulp
was used as the biomass source in this study. Sodium periodate (NaIO4, 99%), alizarin red S (ARS), and brilliant cresyl blue (BCB)
were purchased from Acros Organics. (Carboxymethyl)trimethylammonium
chloride hydrazide (Girard’s Reagent T, 99%) and acid green
25 (AG25) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH,
97%), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 36.5–38%), sodium chloride (NaCl,
99%), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4, 99%), sodium phosphate
(Na3PO4, 96%), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH2OH·HCl, 96%), and dehydrated alcohol (CH3CH2OH, 99.5%) were purchased from Fisher Scientific. Congo red
(CR), Bismarck brown Y (BBY), and acid brown M (ABM) were purchased
from Alfa Asear. All chemicals were used as received without further
purification.
was used as the biomass source in this study. Sodium periodate (NaIO4, 99%), alizarin red S (ARS), and brilliant cresyl blue (BCB)
were purchased from Acros Organics. (Carboxymethyl)trimethylammonium
chloride hydrazide (Girard’s Reagent T, 99%) and acid green
25 (AG25) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH,
97%), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 36.5–38%), sodium chloride (NaCl,
99%), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4, 99%), sodium phosphate
(Na3PO4, 96%), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH2OH·HCl, 96%), and dehydrated alcohol (CH3CH2OH, 99.5%) were purchased from Fisher Scientific. Congo red
(CR), Bismarck brown Y (BBY), and acid brown M (ABM) were purchased
from Alfa Asear. All chemicals were used as received without further
purification.
Acids
Alizarin Red S
Brilliant Cresyl Blue
Ethanol
Girard's reagent T
Hydrazide
Hydrochloric acid
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride
Sodium Chloride
Sodium Hydroxide
sodium metaperiodate
sodium phosphate
sodium sulfate
Primary mouse osteoblast (OB) precursor cells were isolated from the calvariae of 1-day-old mice by six routine sequential digestions with 0.1% collagenase (Gibco BRL) and 0.2% dispase (Roche). The cells were then seeded onto 48-well culture plates at a density of 2 × 104 cells/well and cultured in osteogenic medium (OM) (α-minimum essential medium [α-MEM], 10% fetal bovine serum [FBS], 10 mM β-glycerophosphate, and 50 mg/ml ascorbic acid) for 1 to 4 weeks. OB differentiation and mineralization were assessed by detecting alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity or by staining with alizarin red S (AR).
Alizarin Red S
Alkaline Phosphatase
Ascorbic Acid
beta-glycerol phosphate
Calvaria
Cells
collagenase 1
Digestion
dispase
Fetal Bovine Serum
Mus
Osteoblasts
Osteogenesis
Physiologic Calcification
Stem Cells, Hematopoietic
Prior to derivatization, acceptor solution was added to the extracted sample until a final volume of 100 µL was reached to have constant starting volumes for derivatization and ensure comparability between samples.
The samples were derivatized following a procedure based on a diazotization and subsequent iodination reactions [16 (link)]. Into 100 μL of the extracted sample, 100 μL hydriodic acid (55%) and 200 μL sodium nitrite (50 g/L) were added and the samples were shaken for 20 min at 300 rpm, transforming the amine group of the aromatic amines into diazonium ions. To destroy the surplus of nitrite, 500 μL of sulfamic acid (50 g/L) was added, shaking subsequently for 45 min at 300 rpm. The samples were then heated in a water bath at 95 °C for 5 min to facilitate the substitution of the diazo group by iodine. To reduce the surplus of iodine, 250 µL of sodium sulfite (120 g/L) was added to the cooled down sample, which triggered an immediate discoloration of the initially brownish solution. Finally, 100 μL of alizarin red S (1% w/v) and 92 µL NaOH (10 M) were added to the samples to adjust the pH of the sample to 5.
The samples used for the optimization tests were derivatized automatically thanks to the PAL RTC from CTC Analytics AG (Zwingen, Switzerland). A few modifications were done to the procedure, such as vortexing the reagents before addition and the samples after reagent addition. For the method validation experiments, the derivatization was done manually due to the increased throughput needed, since with the PAL RTC only six samples could be derivatized at the same time, due to the six positions in the agitator.
The samples were derivatized following a procedure based on a diazotization and subsequent iodination reactions [16 (link)]. Into 100 μL of the extracted sample, 100 μL hydriodic acid (55%) and 200 μL sodium nitrite (50 g/L) were added and the samples were shaken for 20 min at 300 rpm, transforming the amine group of the aromatic amines into diazonium ions. To destroy the surplus of nitrite, 500 μL of sulfamic acid (50 g/L) was added, shaking subsequently for 45 min at 300 rpm. The samples were then heated in a water bath at 95 °C for 5 min to facilitate the substitution of the diazo group by iodine. To reduce the surplus of iodine, 250 µL of sodium sulfite (120 g/L) was added to the cooled down sample, which triggered an immediate discoloration of the initially brownish solution. Finally, 100 μL of alizarin red S (1% w/v) and 92 µL NaOH (10 M) were added to the samples to adjust the pH of the sample to 5.
The samples used for the optimization tests were derivatized automatically thanks to the PAL RTC from CTC Analytics AG (Zwingen, Switzerland). A few modifications were done to the procedure, such as vortexing the reagents before addition and the samples after reagent addition. For the method validation experiments, the derivatization was done manually due to the increased throughput needed, since with the PAL RTC only six samples could be derivatized at the same time, due to the six positions in the agitator.
Alizarin Red S
Amines
Bath
hydroiodic acid
Iodination
Iodine
Ions
Nitrites
Sodium Nitrite
sodium sulfite
sulfamic acid
The aromatic amines used (Table 1 ) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany), except for 4-chloro-2-methylaniline and 3-chloro-2,6-dimethylaniline which were purchased from Fluka (Darmstadt, Germany) and Alfa Aesar (Karlsruhe, Germany), respectively.![]()
During the derivatization, hydriodic acid (ACS reagent, unstabilized, 55%), sodium nitrite (99%), and Alizarin red S (98%) obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, and sodium sulfite (puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, RT, ≥ 98%) and sulfamic acid (T, ≥ 99%) from Fluka were used.
Diethyl ether (DEE) and HPLC grade methanol were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Schwerte, Germany), and ultrapure water was obtained from a PureLab Ultra water system from ELGA LabWater (Celle, Germany).
List of aromatic amines used with their corresponding abbreviation, structure, CAS-number, pKa value of the corresponding anilinium ion, log P value for the neutral compound, and purity
During the derivatization, hydriodic acid (ACS reagent, unstabilized, 55%), sodium nitrite (99%), and Alizarin red S (98%) obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, and sodium sulfite (puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, RT, ≥ 98%) and sulfamic acid (T, ≥ 99%) from Fluka were used.
Diethyl ether (DEE) and HPLC grade methanol were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Schwerte, Germany), and ultrapure water was obtained from a PureLab Ultra water system from ELGA LabWater (Celle, Germany).
2-octanone
4-chloro-2-toluidine
Alizarin Red S
Amines
Ethyl Ether
High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies
Hydrochloric acid
hydroiodic acid
lauryl acetate
Methanol
Sodium Hydroxide
Sodium Nitrite
sodium sulfite
Solvents
sulfamic acid
undecane
Top products related to «Alizarin Red S»
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, China, Italy, Macao, Sao Tome and Principe, Switzerland, Belgium, Ireland, Canada, France
Alizarin Red S is a chemical compound used as a dye and a stain in laboratory procedures. It is a red-orange powder that is soluble in water and alcohol. Alizarin Red S is commonly used to stain calcium deposits in histological samples, such as bone and cartilage.
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Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid medication used in a variety of medical applications. It is primarily used as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant agent.
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β-glycerophosphate is a chemical compound that serves as a buffering agent and source of phosphate for cell culture media. It helps maintain a stable pH environment for cell growth and proliferation.
Sourced in United States, Germany, Italy, Japan
Alizarin Red S solution is a laboratory reagent used for the detection and identification of certain metal ions. It is a bright red dye that forms colored complexes with various cations, including calcium, magnesium, and iron. The solution is commonly used in histology, analytical chemistry, and various other applications that require the identification or visualization of specific metal ions.
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Oil Red O is a fat-soluble dye used in histology and cell biology for the staining of neutral lipids, such as triglycerides and cholesterol esters. It is a useful tool for the identification and visualization of lipid-rich structures in cells and tissues.
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Cetylpyridinium chloride is a chemical compound that serves as a cationic surfactant. It is commonly used in various industrial and pharmaceutical applications.
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Ascorbic acid is a chemical compound commonly known as Vitamin C. It is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a role in various physiological processes. As a laboratory product, ascorbic acid is used as a reducing agent, antioxidant, and pH regulator in various applications.
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom
Alizarin Red S (ARS) is a synthetic dye used as a staining reagent in various laboratory applications. It is a red-colored powder that is soluble in water and has the chemical formula C₁₄H₇NaO₅. ARS is commonly used for the detection and visualization of calcium deposits in biological samples.
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, Italy, China, Sao Tome and Principe, Australia, Switzerland, Spain
β-glycerol phosphate is a compound commonly used as a buffer in laboratory applications. It helps maintain a stable pH environment in various biochemical and cell culture experiments.
More about "Alizarin Red S"
Alizarin Red S, also known as ARS, is a widely used dye and stain in biological and medical research.
This bright red anthraquinone dye is particularly useful for detecting and analyzing calcium deposition, bone mineralization, and other calcium-related processes.
When Alizarin Red S binds to calcium ions, it produces a distinctive red-orange color that can be visualized and quantified using various techniques.
Researchers frequently utilize Alizarin Red S to study bone development, cartilage formation, and biomineralization.
This versatile dye is also employed to identify and characterize calcium-rich structures in cells and tissues.
Alizarin Red S has become an indispensable tool in the field of calcium and skeletal biology research.
Beyond its applications in calcium and skeletal biology, Alizarin Red S is often used in conjunction with other agents, such as Dexamethasone, β-glycerophosphate, Oil Red O, Cetylpyridinium chloride, and Ascorbic acid, to study various cellular processes and differentiation pathways.
These co-treatments can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying bone and cartilage formation, as well as the role of calcium in cellular function.
Alizarin Red S solution, a common formulation of the dye, is widely available and can be conveniently used in a variety of experimental settings.
Researchers may also employ Alizarin Red S staining in combination with FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum) to enhance the detection and visualization of calcium-rich structures.
Overall, Alizarin Red S, with its unique ability to bind to calcium, has become an indispensable tool in the field of calcium and skeletal biology research, enabling scientists to better understand the complex processes involved in bone and cartilage development, as well as the role of calcium in cellular functions.
This bright red anthraquinone dye is particularly useful for detecting and analyzing calcium deposition, bone mineralization, and other calcium-related processes.
When Alizarin Red S binds to calcium ions, it produces a distinctive red-orange color that can be visualized and quantified using various techniques.
Researchers frequently utilize Alizarin Red S to study bone development, cartilage formation, and biomineralization.
This versatile dye is also employed to identify and characterize calcium-rich structures in cells and tissues.
Alizarin Red S has become an indispensable tool in the field of calcium and skeletal biology research.
Beyond its applications in calcium and skeletal biology, Alizarin Red S is often used in conjunction with other agents, such as Dexamethasone, β-glycerophosphate, Oil Red O, Cetylpyridinium chloride, and Ascorbic acid, to study various cellular processes and differentiation pathways.
These co-treatments can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying bone and cartilage formation, as well as the role of calcium in cellular function.
Alizarin Red S solution, a common formulation of the dye, is widely available and can be conveniently used in a variety of experimental settings.
Researchers may also employ Alizarin Red S staining in combination with FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum) to enhance the detection and visualization of calcium-rich structures.
Overall, Alizarin Red S, with its unique ability to bind to calcium, has become an indispensable tool in the field of calcium and skeletal biology research, enabling scientists to better understand the complex processes involved in bone and cartilage development, as well as the role of calcium in cellular functions.