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Aminoglycosides

Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics that target the bacterial ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis and leading to cell death.
These versatile compounds play a crucial role in treating infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species.
Aminoglycosides are particularly effectvie against serious, life-threatening illnesses such as sepsis, pneumonia, and endocarditis.
Key members of this drug family include gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin, which demonstrate potent bactericidal activity.
Researchers continue to explore novel aminoglycoside derivatives and combination therapies to expand their clinical utility and combat emerging antibiotic resistance.

Most cited protocols related to «Aminoglycosides»

1
Comparative Analysis of Whole Genome Sequencing
Cited 46 times
To examine the potential analytical advantage of whole genome sequencing comparison was made with three commercial tests: (1) the Xpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid Inc., USA) which targets the rpoB gene for RMP resistance; (2) the LPA MTBDRplus for MDR-TB (Hain Lifescience, Germany) which targets rpoB, katG and inhA for resistance to RMP and INH; and (3) the LPA MTBDRsl (Hain Lifescience, Germany) which targets gyrA, rrs and embB for resistance to the fluoroquinolones (FLQ), aminoglycosides and ethambutol, respectively. In silico versions were developed based on the polymorphisms used by these assays and their performance compared to the whole genome mutation library. In particular, in silico analysis of the six datasets was performed and analytical sensitivities and specificities of the inferred resistance relative to the reported phenotype were compared (Figure 2, Additional file 1: Figures S3 and S4). KvarQ [35 (link)], a new tool that directly scans fastq files of bacterial genome sequences for known genetic polymorphisms, was run across all 792 samples using the MTBC test suite and default parameters. Sensitivity and specificity achieved by this method using phenotypic DST results as the reference standard were calculated.

Inferred analytical accuracies of the whole genome mutation library and three commercial molecular tests for resistance. In silico analysis of published sequence data using mutation libraries derived from XpertMTB/RIF (Cepheid Inc., USA) (purple), MTBDRsl (red) and MTBDRplus (orange) (Hain Life Sciences, Germany), and the curated whole genome library (blue). For each library in silico inferred resistance phenotypes were compared to reported phenotypes obtained from conventional drug susceptibility testing. Errors bars correspond to 95% confidence intervals. Abbreviations: AMK, amikacin; CAP, capreomycin; EMB, ethambutol; ETH, ethionamide; INH, Isoniazid; KAN, kanamycin; MDR, multi-drug resistance; MOX, moxifloxacin; OFX, ofloxacin; PZA, pyrazinamide; RMP, rifampicin; STR, streptomycin; XDR, extensive drug resistance.

Coll F., McNerney R., Preston M.D., Guerra-Assunção J.A., Warry A., Hill-Cawthorne G., Mallard K., Nair M., Miranda A., Alves A., Perdigão J., Viveiros M., Portugal I., Hasan Z., Hasan R., Glynn J.R., Martin N., Pain A, & Clark T.G. (2015). Rapid determination of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance from whole-genome sequences. Genome Medicine, 7(1), 51.
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Publication 2015
ADRB2 protein, human Amikacin Aminoglycosides Biological Assay Capreomycin DNA Library Ethambutol Ethionamide Fluoroquinolones Genes Genetic Polymorphism Genome, Bacterial Genomic Library INHA protein, human Isoniazid Kanamycin Moxifloxacin Multi-Drug Resistance Mutation Ofloxacin Phenotype Pyrazinamide Radionuclide Imaging Resistance, Drug Rifampin Sequence Analysis Streptomycin Susceptibility, Disease
2
Metabolite-enabled Antibiotic Potentiation
Cited 27 times
In all experiments, bacterial cells were cultured in 25mL Luria-Bertani broth (LB) for 16 hours at 37°C, 300RPM, and 80% humidity in 250mL flasks. Unless otherwise noted, the following concentrations were used: 10 μg/mL gentamicin, 100 μg/mL ampicillin, 5 μg/mL ofloxacin, 20 μM CCCP, 1 mM KCN. The concentration of all carbon sources added to potentiate aminoglycosides was normalized to deliver 60 mM carbon (e.g., 10 mM glucose, 20 mM pyruvate, etc.). E. coli (K12 EMG2) and S. aureus (ATCC 25923) were the two parent strains used in this study. Knockouts (Supplementary Table 1 and 2) were constructed by P1-phage transduction from the Keio knockout collection. In E. coli, non-persister stationary phase cells were killed by treatment with 5 μg/mL ofloxacin for 4 hours25 (link), 26 (link). Samples were then washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and suspended in M9 salts with carbon source and antibiotic to determine metabolite-enabled killing of persisters. At specified time points, 10 μL aliquots of samples were removed, serially diluted, and spot-plated onto LB agar plates to determine colony forming units/mL (CFU/mL) and survival. Gent-TR was made as previously described27 (link). Aminoglycoside uptake was measured by incubating stationary phase samples with 10 μg/mL Gent-TR for 5 minutes at 37°C, 300RPM, and 80% humidity. 100 μL of each sample was then washed and resuspended in PBS and analyzed on a BD FACS Aria II flow cytometer. Biofilm survival assays were performed as previously described28 (link). Raw microarray data for S. aureus were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) series GSE2097329 (link) and processed with RMA express using background adjustment, quantile normalization, and median polish summarization to compute RMA expression values30 (link). Mouse experiments were performed with female Charles River Balb/C mice in collaboration with ViviSource Laboratories and conformed to the ViviSource IACUC policies and Procedural Guidelines.
Allison K.R., Brynildsen M.P, & Collins J.J. (2011). Metabolite-Enabled Eradication of Bacterial Persisters by Aminoglycosides. Nature, 473(7346), 216-220.
Publication 2011
Agar Aminoglycosides Ampicillin Antibiotics Bacteria Bacteriophage P1 Biofilms Biological Assay Carbon Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone Cells Escherichia coli Females Gene Expression Gentamicin Glucose Humidity Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Mice, Inbred BALB C Microarray Analysis Mus NRG1 protein, human Ofloxacin Parent Phosphates Pyruvate Rivers Saline Solution Salts Staphylococcus aureus Strains
3
Metabolite-enabled Antibiotic Potentiation
Cited 26 times
In all experiments, bacterial cells were cultured in 25mL Luria-Bertani broth (LB) for 16 hours at 37°C, 300RPM, and 80% humidity in 250mL flasks. Unless otherwise noted, the following concentrations were used: 10 μg/mL gentamicin, 100 μg/mL ampicillin, 5 μg/mL ofloxacin, 20 μM CCCP, 1 mM KCN. The concentration of all carbon sources added to potentiate aminoglycosides was normalized to deliver 60 mM carbon (e.g., 10 mM glucose, 20 mM pyruvate, etc.). E. coli (K12 EMG2) and S. aureus (ATCC 25923) were the two parent strains used in this study. Knockouts (Supplementary Table 1 and 2) were constructed by P1-phage transduction from the Keio knockout collection. In E. coli, non-persister stationary phase cells were killed by treatment with 5 μg/mL ofloxacin for 4 hours25 (link), 26 (link). Samples were then washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and suspended in M9 salts with carbon source and antibiotic to determine metabolite-enabled killing of persisters. At specified time points, 10 μL aliquots of samples were removed, serially diluted, and spot-plated onto LB agar plates to determine colony forming units/mL (CFU/mL) and survival. Gent-TR was made as previously described27 (link). Aminoglycoside uptake was measured by incubating stationary phase samples with 10 μg/mL Gent-TR for 5 minutes at 37°C, 300RPM, and 80% humidity. 100 μL of each sample was then washed and resuspended in PBS and analyzed on a BD FACS Aria II flow cytometer. Biofilm survival assays were performed as previously described28 (link). Raw microarray data for S. aureus were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) series GSE2097329 (link) and processed with RMA express using background adjustment, quantile normalization, and median polish summarization to compute RMA expression values30 (link). Mouse experiments were performed with female Charles River Balb/C mice in collaboration with ViviSource Laboratories and conformed to the ViviSource IACUC policies and Procedural Guidelines.
Allison K.R., Brynildsen M.P, & Collins J.J. (2011). Metabolite-Enabled Eradication of Bacterial Persisters by Aminoglycosides. Nature, 473(7346), 216-220.
Publication 2011
Agar Aminoglycosides Ampicillin Antibiotics Bacteria Bacteriophage P1 Biofilms Biological Assay Carbon Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone Cells Escherichia coli Females Gene Expression Gentamicin Glucose Humidity Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Mice, Inbred BALB C Microarray Analysis Mus NRG1 protein, human Ofloxacin Parent Phosphates Pyruvate Rivers Saline Solution Salts Staphylococcus aureus Strains
4
Expanded Secondary Metabolite Detection in antiSMASH 2.0
Cited 25 times
In addition to the secondary metabolite cluster types supported in the original release of antiSMASH (type I, II and III polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides, terpenes, lantipeptides, bacteriocins, aminoglycosides/aminocyclitols, β-lactams, aminocoumarins, indoles, butyrolactones, ectoines, siderophores, phosphoglycolipids, melanins and a generic class of clusters encoding unusual secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes), version 2.0 adds support for oligosaccharide antibiotics, phenazines, thiopeptides, homoserine lactones, phosphonates and furans. The cluster detection uses the same pHMM rule-based approach as the initial release (17 (link)): in short, the pHMMs are used to detect signature proteins or protein domains that are characteristic for the respective secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathway. Some pHMMs were obtained from PFAM or TIGRFAM. If no suitable pHMMs were available from these databases, custom pHMMs were constructed based on manually curated seed alignments (Supplementary Table S1). These are composed of protein sequences of experimentally characterized biosynthetic enzymes described in literature, as well as their close homologs found in gene clusters from the same type. The models were curated by manually inspecting the output of searches against the non-redundant (nr) database of protein sequences. The seed alignments are available online at http://antismash.secondarymetabolites.org/download.html#extras. After scanning the genome with the pHMM library, antiSMASH evaluates all hits using a set of rules (Supplementary Table S2) that describe the different cluster types. Unlike the hard-coded rules in the initial release of antiSMASH, the detection rules and profile lists are now located in editable TXT files, making it easy for users to add and modify cluster rules in the stand-alone version, e.g. to accommodate newly discovered or proprietary compound classes without code changes. The results of gene cluster predictions by antiSMASH are continuously checked on new data arising from research performed throughout the natural products community, and pHMMs and their cut-offs are regularly updated when either false positives or false negatives become apparent.
The profile-based detection of secondary metabolite clusters has now been augmented by a tighter integration of the generalized PFAM (22 (link)) domain-based ClusterFinder algorithm (Cimermancic et al., in preparation) already included in version 1.0 of antiSMASH. This algorithm performs probabilistic inference of gene clusters by identifying genomic regions with unusually high frequencies of secondary metabolism-associated PFAM domains, and it was designed to detect ‘classical’ as well as less typical and even novel classes of secondary metabolite gene clusters. While antiSMASH 1.0 only generated the output of this algorithm in a static image, version 2.0 displays these additional putative gene clusters along with the other gene clusters in the HTML output. A key advantage of this is that these putative gene clusters will now also be included in the subsequent (Sub)ClusterBlast analyses.
Blin K., Medema M.H., Kazempour D., Fischbach M.A., Breitling R., Takano E, & Weber T. (2013). antiSMASH 2.0—a versatile platform for genome mining of secondary metabolite producers. Nucleic Acids Research, 41(Web Server issue), W204-W212.
Publication 2013
Amino Acid Sequence Aminocoumarins Aminoglycosides Anabolism Antibiotics Bacteriocins Biosynthetic Pathways Childbirth Classes Enzymes Furans Gene Clusters Generic Drugs Genes Genome Genomic Library homoserine lactone Indoles Lactams Melanins Natural Products Oligosaccharides Peptides Phenazines Phosphonates Polyketides Prognosis Protein Domain Proteins Ribosomes Secondary Metabolism Siderophores Terpenes
5
Aminoglycoside Ototoxicity and Protection
Cited 19 times

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Publication 2009
2-(dimethylaminostyryl)-1-ethylpyridinium Amikacin Amiloride Aminoglycosides ARID1A protein, human Auditory Hair Cell Cell Survival Embryo Fishes Gentamicin Hair Investigational New Drugs Kanamycin Larva Neomycin Pharmaceutical Preparations Streptomycin Tobramycin tricaine Zebrafish

Most recents protocols related to «Aminoglycosides»

1
Perianal Screening for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae
All patients routinely received perianal screening for CRE within 48 hours of each hospital admission. In addition, some patients received perianal bacterial culture tests when they were suspected of infection by a competent physician during hospitalization. Perianal skin and throat swab samples were collected and submitted for examination by specially trained medical staff. Bacterial culture, identification and drug sensitivity test were conducted by special technicians in the microbiology laboratory, and the target bacteria were CRE. All CRE strains were isolated from perianal skin swabs and blood samples. Blood culture was performed using an automatic blood culture system (BD, USA). The isolation and identification of bacteria were carried out strictly following the relevant provisions of the National Clinical Laboratory Procedures. VITEK 2 compact (bioMérieux, France) was used to identify the isolates and MALDI-TOF MS (bioMérieux, France) was used for further confirmation. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed in the microbiology laboratory of the hospital using an automated system (VITEK 2 Compact) with the broth microdilution and disk diffusion methods. The following antibiotics were tested: penicillins (ticarcillin, piperacillin), β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoperazone/sulbactam), cephalosporins (cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, cefotaxime, cefotetan, cefpodoxime, ceftizoxime), quinolones (levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin), carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, doripenem), aminoglycosides (amikacin, tobramycin), tetracyclines (tetracycline, minocycline), aztreonam, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and tigecycline. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was measured according to the guidelines of the 31st Edition of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M100-Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing.14 The detection of carbapenemases in CRE according to the modified carbapenem inactivation assay (mCIM and eCIM) provided by the CLSI 31th Edition.
Liu J., Zhang H., Feng D., Wang J., Wang M., Shen B., Cao Y., Zhang X., Lin Q., Zhang F., Zheng Y., Xiao Z., Zhu X., Zhang L., Wang J., Pang A., Han M., Feng S, & Jiang E. (2023). Development of a Risk Prediction Model of Subsequent Bloodstream Infection After Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Perianal Swabs in Hematological Patients. Infection and Drug Resistance, 16, 1297-1312.
Publication 2023
Amikacin Aminoglycosides Amox clav Antibiotics Aztreonam Bacteria beta-Lactamase Inhibitors Biological Assay Blood Blood Culture carbapenemase Carbapenems Cefazolin Cefepime Cefoperazone Cefotaxime Cefotetan cefpodoxime Ceftazidime Ceftizoxime Cefuroxime Cephalosporins Ciprofloxacin Clinical Laboratory Services Clinical Laboratory Techniques Diffusion Doripenem Hemic System Hospitalization Hypersensitivity Imipenem Infection isolation Levofloxacin Medical Staff Meropenem Microbicides Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Minocycline Moxifloxacin Norfloxacin Patients Penicillins Pharynx Physicians Piperacillin Piperacillin-Tazobactam Combination Product Quinolones Skin Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Strains Substance Abuse Detection Sulbactam Susceptibility, Disease Tetracycline Tetracyclines Ticarcillin Tigecycline Tobramycin Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination
2
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Campylobacter
The in vitro susceptibility of all confirmed Campylobacter strains was determined by using the disc diffusion method on Mueller–Hinton agar (Oxoid, UK) according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) [47 ]. Antimicrobial agent selection was based on the importance for both human and veterinary fields in addition to their antimicrobial mechanisms. Nine antibiotics belonging to five classes were selected. They included penicillin (AX; 20 μg and AM; 10 μg), macrolides (E; 15 μg), aminoglycosides (S; 10 μg and AK; 30 μg), tetracyclines (TE; 30 μg and DO; 30 μg), fluoroquinolones (NOR; 10 µg and CIP; 5 μg). All antimicrobial agents used in this study were purchased from Oxoid (England). C. jejuni ATCC 33,560 and C. coli ATCC 33,559 were used as control strains. MDR strains of Campylobacter are those that are resistant to three or more different classes of antimicrobials. Additionally, MARI for all Campylobacter isolates was calculated using the formula a/b (where "a" represents the number of antimicrobials to which an isolate was resistant and "b" represents the overall number of antimicrobials to which the isolate was exposed) [48 ].
Tawakol M.M., Nabil N.M., Samir A., M. H.H., Yonis A.E., Shahein M.A, & Elsayed M.M. (2023). The potential role of migratory birds in the transmission of pathogenic Campylobacter species to broiler chickens in broiler poultry farms and live bird markets. BMC Microbiology, 23, 66.
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Publication 2023
Agar Aminoglycosides Antibiotics, Antitubercular Campylobacter Clinical Laboratory Services Diffusion Fluoroquinolones Homo sapiens Macrolides Microbicides Penicillins Strains Susceptibility, Disease Tetracyclines
3
Nationwide Antimicrobial Resistance Trends
Positive blood cultures were identified in the database and the sample date, age, sex and microbiological findings were retrieved. For species with clinically used names that were changed during the study period (such as Cutibacterium acnes previously called Propionibacterium acnes) we have consistently aimed to use the valid names as of 2022 according to the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes [12 (link)]. Antimicrobial susceptibility was described for Enterobacterales only, for fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin), third generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime) and aminoglycosides (gentamicin). Due to a database update in 2010, susceptibility data were available from 2011 to 2019 only. In addition, zone diameters were incomplete in > 50% of records. Therefore, clinical classification into susceptible (S), increased exposure (I) and resistant (R) was used to describe susceptibility, using breakpoints as per the original microbiology reports [13 (link)]. For cases with zone data, susceptibility testing according to the 2022 EUCAST breakpoints was compared with the original SIR classification in a sensitivity analysis [11 ]. Negative blood cultures were retrieved on an aggregate level (only the total number of blood culture sets per year was available). Population data were retrieved from Statistics Sweden [14 ].
Ljungquist O., Blomstergren A., Merkel A., Sunnerhagen T., Holm K, & Torisson G. (2023). Incidence, aetiology and temporal trend of bloodstream infections in southern Sweden from 2006 to 2019: a population-based study. Eurosurveillance, 28(10), 2200519.
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Publication 2023
Aminoglycosides Blood Culture Cefotaxime Cephalosporins Ciprofloxacin Fluoroquinolones Gentamicin Hypersensitivity Microbicides Prokaryotic Cells Propionibacterium acnes Susceptibility, Disease
4
Macrolide- and Aminoglycoside-Resistant M. intracellulare Protocol
A macrolide- and aminoglycoside-resistant (clarithromycin MIC >16 μg/mL and amikacin MIC >64 μg/mL) isolate of M. intracellulare, previously identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence, was prepared for inoculating the marmosets. The clinical isolate was grown on Middlebrook 7H10 agar. After adequate growth was obtained (approximately 7–10 days), several colonies were transferred to 3 mL of sterile distilled water to prepare a suspension with optical density equal to a 0.5 McFarland standard by nephelometer reading. The inoculum was chosen since this turbidity represents the approximate number of organisms (108 CFU/mL) present in the matched turbidity McFarland standard used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) [17 ]. The suspension was incubated for 7 days at 35°C and 1–3 mL aliquots prepared to be used to inoculate the marmosets.
BAL and tissue samples were processed and cultured for mycobacteria by the Mycobacteria/Nocardia Research Laboratory at the UTHSCT, using standard decontamination procedures, fluorochrome microscopy, solid media culture on a biplate of Middlebrook 7H10 agar with and without antibiotics, and a broth culture (BACTEC 960, Becton Dickinson and Company, Sparks, MD, VersaTrek, Thermofisher, formerly Trek Diagnostic Systems, Cleveland, Ohio) as previously described [18 ]. M. intracullulare isolates were identified using AccuProbe (Hologic-GenProbe, San Diego, CA, as previously described [18 ]. In vitro susceptibility testing of MAC isolates was performed as previously described [17 ]. M. intracellulare growth on broth and solid media was assessed using semi-quantitative scoring: growth on broth medium only = “pos”, growth in broth medium plus 1–49 countable colonies (cc) on solid medium, 50–99 cc on solid medium = 1+, 100–199 cc on solid medium = 2+, 200–299 cc on solid medium = 3+, greater than 300 cc on solid medium = 4+ [19 (link)].
Peters J., Maselli D.J., Mangat M., Coalson J.J., Hinojosa C., Giavedoni L., Brown-Elliott B.A., Chan E, & Griffith D. (2023). A marmoset model for Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease. PLOS ONE, 18(3), e0260563.
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Publication 2023
Agar Amikacin Aminoglycosides Antibiotics, Antitubercular Callithrix Clarithromycin Clinical Laboratory Services Decontamination Diagnosis Fluorescent Dyes Genes Macrolides Microbicides Microscopy Mycobacterium Nocardia RNA, Ribosomal, 16S Sterility, Reproductive Susceptibility, Disease Tissues
5
Antibiotic Resistance Gene Identification
The identification of putative determinants conferring resistance to quinolones, erythromycin, aminoglycosides and tetracycline was performed as previously described [35 (link)]. Briefly, assembled contigs were screened for AMR-associated genes with ABRicate (version 0.8.10; https://github.com/tseemann/abricate) using the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database [36 (link)], ResFinder 3.0 [37 (link)] and the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) v3.1.0 [38 (link)], with a threshold for the identification of acquired genes of 90 % identity and 60 % minimum length. Chromosomal resistance-mediating point mutations were identified using the PointFinder database embedded in ResFinder 4.0 [39 (link)].
Ghielmetti G., Seth-Smith H.M., Roloff T., Cernela N., Biggel M., Stephan R, & Egli A. (2023). Whole-genome-based characterization of Campylobacter jejuni from human patients with gastroenteritis collected over an 18 year period reveals increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. Microbial Genomics, 9(2), mgen000941.
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Publication 2023
Aminoglycosides Antibiotic Resistance, Microbial Chromosomes Erythromycin Genes Point Mutation Quinolones Tetracycline

Top products related to «Aminoglycosides»

1
Vitek 2 system by bioMérieux
Sourced in France, United States, Germany, Italy, Macao, United Kingdom, Sweden, Belgium, India, Japan, Brazil
The Vitek 2 system is an automated microbiology platform designed for the rapid identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of microorganisms. The system utilizes miniaturized biochemical testing to provide accurate results for a wide range of bacterial and yeast species.
2
Mueller hinton agar (mha) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United Kingdom, United States, Italy, Germany, France, India, Spain, China
Mueller-Hinton agar is a microbiological growth medium used for the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria. It is a standardized agar formulation that supports the growth of a wide range of bacteria and allows for the consistent evaluation of their susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents.
3
Etest by bioMérieux
Sourced in France, Sweden, United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Denmark, Italy, Australia, Spain, Switzerland, Japan
Etest is a quantitative antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) method developed by bioMérieux. It provides minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for specific antimicrobial agents. Etest utilizes a predefined antimicrobial gradient on a plastic strip to determine the MIC of a tested microorganism.
4
Gentamicin by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, France, Sao Tome and Principe, Canada, Switzerland, China, India, Japan, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Denmark, Macao, Israel, Ireland, Argentina, Poland, Portugal, Czechia, Belgium
Gentamicin is a laboratory product manufactured by Merck Group. It is an antibiotic used for the detection and identification of Gram-negative bacteria in microbiological analysis and research.
5
Ciprofloxacin by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United Kingdom, United States, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Ireland, India
Ciprofloxacin is a synthetic antibiotic that belongs to the fluoroquinolone class. It is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent effective against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
6
Vitek 2 by bioMérieux
Sourced in France, United States, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, Canada, Poland, Macao
The Vitek 2 is a compact automated microbiology system designed for the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of clinically significant bacteria and yeasts. The system utilizes advanced colorimetric technology to enable rapid and accurate results for clinical decision-making.
7
Amikacin by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Australia, Sao Tome and Principe, Canada, Italy, China, Japan
Amikacin is a laboratory-grade antibiotic used for research and analytical purposes. It is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic effective against a variety of bacterial species. Amikacin functions by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, which leads to cell death. This product is intended for research use only and not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
8
Gentamicin by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, France, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, China, Ireland, Israel, Sweden, Austria, Australia, Japan, India, Argentina, Denmark, Netherlands, Macao, Brazil, Portugal, Panama
Gentamicin is a laboratory reagent used for the detection and quantification of the antibiotic gentamicin in biological samples. It is a commonly used tool in research and clinical settings.
9
Mueller hinton agar (mha) by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, India
Mueller-Hinton agar is a standardized microbiological culture medium used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. It is formulated to provide consistent growth of a wide range of fastidious bacteria and is suitable for performing disk diffusion and gradient diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility tests.
10
Penicillin by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, China, France, Canada, Japan, Australia, Switzerland, Italy, Israel, Belgium, Austria, Spain, Brazil, Netherlands, Gabon, Denmark, Poland, Ireland, New Zealand, Sweden, Argentina, India, Macao, Uruguay, Portugal, Holy See (Vatican City State), Czechia, Singapore, Panama, Thailand, Moldova, Republic of, Finland, Morocco
Penicillin is a type of antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent effective against a variety of bacteria. Penicillin functions by disrupting the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell death.

More about "Aminoglycosides"

Aminoglycosides are a class of antimicrobial agents that play a crucial role in the treatment of serious bacterial infections.
These potent antibiotics target the bacterial ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis and leading to cell death.
Aminoglycosides are particularly effective against Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species, which can cause life-threatening conditions like sepsis, pneumonia, and endocarditis.
Key members of the aminoglycoside family include gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin, which demonstrate potent bactericidal activity.
These antibiotics are often used in combination with other antimicrobials, such as penicillins or fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin, to enhance their efficacy and combat emerging antibiotic resistance.
In clinical practice, the susceptibility of bacterial isolates to aminoglycosides is commonly assessed using Vitek 2 system, a fully automated platform for microbial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing.
Alternatively, the Etest method, a gradient diffusion technique, can be employed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of aminoglycosides against specific pathogens.
Researchers continue to explore novel aminoglycoside derivatives and combination therapies to expand their clinical utility and address the growing challenge of antibiotic resistance.
By leveraging advanced technologies like PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform, scientists can access the latest protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, ensuring reproducibility and accuracy in their aminoglycoside studies.