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Analgesics, Opioid

Analgesics and Opioids are two important classes of drugs used to manage pain.
Analgesics work by reducing the perception of pain, while Opioids act on the brain and nervous system to block pain signals.
Reserchers can leverage PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform to streamline their studies on Analgesics and Opioids, locating relevant protocols and leveraging powerful comparison tools to optimize their research and improve reproducibility.

Most cited protocols related to «Analgesics, Opioid»

1
Inducible Tat Expression and Morphine Exposure in Mice
In vivo studies utilized a transgenic mouse engineered to express the HIV-1 Tat1-86 protein in astrocytes in a doxycyline-inducible manner. As previously described (Bruce-Keller et al. 2008 ), mice expressing the Tat gene under control of a tet responsive element (TRE) in the pTREX vector (Clonetech, Mountain View, CA) were crossed with mice engineered to express the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter driving the reverse tetracycline transactivator (RTTA). The inducible Tat transgenic mice (Tat+ mice) used in these studies express both GFAP-RTTA and TRE-Tat genes, while the control mice (Tat- mice) express only the GFAP-RTTA gene. Individual animals were genotyped using RNA isolated from ear clip samples, by standard PCR procedures previously described (Bruce-Keller et al. 2008 ). Tat-induction was obtained by replacing standard chow with a formulation containing doxycycline (DOX) at 6 mg/g (Harlan, Indianapolis, IN). Some control groups were also fed DOX-containing chow to control for non-specific actions of DOX intake.
Morphine was delivered by 25 mg, timed-release pellets implanted subcutaneously in the subscapular region (NIDA Drug Supply System) under aseptic conditions using isoflurane anaesthesia. Sham pellets were similarly implanted as controls. The 25 mg morphine pellets reportedly deplete at a rate of 5 mg/day, yet steady state levels of morphine, measured in ng/ml plasma or ng/gm brain tissue reflect lower availability, probably due to the balance of delivery and metabolism (see, e.g., (Feng et al. 2006 (link))). Both C3HeB and C57Bl mice reportedly tolerate delivery from 75 mg/5 day morphine pellets (Peart and Gross 2004 (link); Rahim et al. 2003 (link)). Less than 5% of the mice in our studies died, and there was no relationship between morphine-induced toxicity and either genotype or DOX administration.
In experiments lasting for a total of 7 days, opioid and control pellets were replaced after 5 days. Naltrexone was administered via an Alzet mini-pump (1007D) implanted in the same region. 600 mg/ml naltrexone (NIDA Drug Supply System) was prepared in 50% DMSO, a standard vehicle for mini-pump delivery (Arnot et al. 1996 (link)). 100 μl total volume was loaded per mini-pump, delivering 0.5 μl/hr for up to 7 days. Pumps containing 50% DMSO and sterile saline were used as naltrexone controls. For studies where mice were exposed to both opioids and Tat, mice were given the DOX feed starting on the night before opioid treatment in order for blood levels of DOX to stabilize. For histological studies, mice were deeply anaesthetized with halothane prior to perfusion with Zamboni's fixative (2% paraformaldehyde, pH 7.4, with 0.15% picric acid).
Hauser K.F., Hahn Y.K., Adjan V.V., Zou S., Buch S.K., Nath A., Bruce-Keller A.J, & Knapp P.E. (2009). HIV-1 Tat and Morphine Have Interactive Effects on Oligodendrocyte Survival and Morphology. Glia, 57(2), 194-206.
Publication 2009
Analgesics, Opioid Anesthesia Animals Asepsis Astrocytes BLOOD Brain Clip Cloning Vectors Doxycycline Fixatives Gene Components Genotype Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Halothane HIV-1 Isoflurane Metabolism Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Laboratory Mice, Transgenic Morphine N-nitrosoiminodiacetic acid Naltrexone Obstetric Delivery Opioids paraform Pellets, Drug Perfusion picric acid Plasma Proteins Saline Solution Sterility, Reproductive Sulfoxide, Dimethyl tat Genes Tetracycline Tissues Trans-Activators
2
Neurophysiology in Awake Behaving Monkeys
Performance of the EPC was tested in awake behaving monkeys. Following initial training monkeys were implanted with a head holder, eye coil, and recording chambers above V1 under general anesthesia and sterile conditions. For the anesthesia animals were initially sedated with a 0.1 ml/kg ketamine intra-muscular injection (100 mg/ml). Thereafter, bolus injections of propofol were administered intra-venously to allow for tracheal intubation (0.05–0.1 ml). Prior to surgery a bolus injection of dexamethosone sodium phosphate was administered i.v. (0.33 mg/kg). During surgery anesthesia was maintained by gaseous anaesthetic (1–3% sevoflurane) combined with continuous i.v. application of an opioid analgesic (Alfentanil, 156 μg/kg/h). The animal's rectal temperature, heart rate, blood oxygenation and expired CO2 were continuously monitored during surgery. Immediately after surgery (and during the following 3–5 days) the animals were given antibiotics (Cephorex 0.5 ml/kg or Synolux 0.25 ml/kg) and analgesics (Metacam 0.1 ml/kg).
Following surgery the recording chambers were regularly cleaned under sterile conditions and 5-fluoro-uracil treatment was performed three times per week (Spinks et al., 2003 (link)). Despite 5-fluoro-uracil treatment it was necessary to perform dura scrapes every 6–8 weeks for the removal of fibrous scar tissue above the craniotomy.
All animal and surgical procedures were in accordance with the European Communities Council Directive 1986 (86/609/EEC), the National Institutes of Health guidelines for care and use of animals for experimental procedures, the Society for Neurosciences Policies on the Use of Animals and Humans in Neuroscience Research, and the UK Animals Scientific Procedures Act.
Thiele A., Delicato L.S., Roberts M.J, & Gieselmann M.A. (2006). A novel electrode–pipette design for simultaneous recording of extracellular spikes and iontophoretic drug application in awake behaving monkeys. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 158(2-4), 207-211.
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Publication 2006
Alfentanil Analgesics Analgesics, Opioid Anesthesia Anesthetic Gases Animals Antibiotics, Antitubercular BLOOD Cell Respiration Cicatrix Craniotomy Dura Mater Fibrosis Fluorouracil General Anesthesia Head Homo sapiens Intramuscular Injection Intubation, Intratracheal Ketamine Monkeys Operative Surgical Procedures Propofol Rate, Heart Rectum Sevoflurane sodium phosphate Sterility, Reproductive Tissues
3
Overdose Risks with Benzodiazepine and Opioid Use
We used χ2 tests to compare baseline patient characteristics between those who received benzodiazepines during the study period and those who did not receive benzodiazepines.
We calculated death rates from overdose according to veterans’ history of benzodiazepine prescription, dose, type, and schedule. The denominator for all rates (person years) was adjusted to account for the case-cohort design by multiplying the observation time accumulated for the cohort by the inverse of the sampling fraction. Consequently, all rates are estimates for the entire source population.
We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate hazard ratios for current and former receipt of benzodiazepines compared with no receipt. All hazard ratios were adjusted for all covariates, including time varying opioid analgesic dose. We used a risk set approach and a robust variance estimator for all multivariable modeling.27
Our primary analysis (model 1) studied the association between history of benzodiazepine prescription and death from overdose. In our primary analysis, we tested for an interaction between prescription history and opioid dose. Secondly, we studied the association between benzodiazepine dose, type, and schedule and death from overdose only during times when veterans were currently receiving benzodiazepines and opioid analgesics concurrently (model 2). To determine that any association between opioid dose and death from overdose was not because of confounding by history of benzodiazepine prescription, we examined the association between opioid dose and overdose stratified by prescription history.
We conducted several sensitivity analyses. We examined the association between history of benzodiazepine prescription and death from overdose not known to be intentional by defining a modified overdose death outcome that excluded deaths from overdose coded as intentional. We also examined the association between history of benzodiazepine prescription and from overdose with opioid/benzodiazepine by defining a modified overdose death outcome that included only deaths attributed to opioids and/or benzodiazepines (ICD-10 codes X41, X42, X44, X61, X62, X64, Y11, Y12, Y14 in combination with T40.2, T40.3, T40.4, T40.6 or T42.4). We examined the association between history of benzodiazepine prescription and death from overdose in a cohort that excluded patients with a diagnosis of cancer in the year before observation (except for non-melanoma skin cancer). As patients might not take all of their drugs during the days’ supply described in the prescription, we expanded the periods during which patients were currently receiving benzodiazepines by 10% of the days’ supply (for example, a 30 day supply would be expanded to 33 days).
Analyses were conducted with SAS version 9.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC).
Park T.W., Saitz R., Ganoczy D., Ilgen M.A, & Bohnert A.S. (2015). Benzodiazepine prescribing patterns and deaths from drug overdose among US veterans receiving opioid analgesics: case-cohort study. The BMJ, 350, h2698.
Publication 2015
Analgesics, Opioid Benzodiazepines Diagnosis Drug Overdose Familial Atypical Mole-Malignant Melanoma Syndrome Hypersensitivity Malignant Neoplasms Opioids Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Veterans
4
Buprenorphine vs. Methadone for Opioid Dependence
Before randomization, all participants received rapid-release morphine sulfate as inpatients to achieve medical stabilization and to ease the transition to the double-blind medication.26 (link),29 (link),31 (link) Qualifying participants underwent randomization and started the assigned study medication as inpatients.
A blinded, individualized dosing schedule was used for the study medications, and a double-blind method was used to implement dose-unit increases or decreases (with dose adjustments of 2 mg for buprenorphine and 5 or 10 mg for methadone). Dose adjustments entailed clinical decisions based on medication adherence, the participant’s request, urine toxicologic results, and self-reported symptoms of withdrawal or craving.26 (link) Tablets of buprenorphine (Subutex, Reckitt Benckiser) were used to avoid prenatal exposure to naloxone. (Neither buprenorphine nor naloxone has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration or the European Medicines Agency for use during pregnancy.) A flexible dose range of 2 to 32 mg of buprenorphine in sublingual tablets was estimated to be equivalent to 20 to 140 mg of methadone on the basis of previously published data from clinical trials.32 (link)–34 (link)
Participants were required to receive daily medications under observation in the study clinic. They always received seven tablets (three in the size of an 8-mg tablet and four in the size of a 2-mg tablet) to place under the tongue for 5 minutes, or until the tablets dissolved. Each tablet contained buprenorphine or placebo. After receiving these tablets, participants received liquid containing methadone or placebo. Oral methadone and flavor-masking concentrates were diluted to provide the dose in a fixed volume (e.g., 40 ml at U.S. sites and 50 ml in Vienna). Methadone placebo was given in the same fixed volume and included the same flavor-masking concentrates as the active drug concentrate. All medications were dispensed through regulated hospital pharmacies or methadone clinics.
The study sites provided participants with comprehensive care. To promote drug abstinence, patients were given monetary vouchers in exchange for providing urine samples that were negative for opioids (other than buprenorphine and methadone), other illicit drugs, and misuse of prescription medications.26 (link) On completion of the study, participants could receive locally available treatment.
Jones H.E., Kaltenbach K., Heil S.H., Stine S.M., Coyle M.G., Arria A.M., O’Grady K.E., Selby P., Martin P.R, & Fischer G. (2010). Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome after Methadone or Buprenorphine Exposure. The New England journal of medicine, 363(24), 2320-2331.
Publication 2010
Analgesics, Opioid Buprenorphine Comprehensive Health Care Drug Abuser Europeans Flavor Enhancers Illicit Drugs Inpatient Methadone Naloxone Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Placebos Pregnancy Subutex Sulfate, Morphine Tongue Urine Withdrawal Symptoms
5
Opioid Use Patterns in Chronic Pain
The study cohort consisted of individuals who initiated repeated use of opioid analgesic prescriptions for a pain problem. Specific inclusion criteria were (i) adults aged 18 or over initiating a new episode of opioid use (no opioid prescriptions filled in the previous 6 months) between 1997 and 2005 (inclusive), (ii) 3 or more prescriptions for opioid analgesics in the first 90 days of the episode, and (iii) a diagnosis of a non-cancer pain problem from the prescribing physician in the two weeks prior to the initial opioid prescription. Eligible pain diagnoses were back or neck pain, osteoarthritis, headache, extremity pain, abdominal pain / hernia, menstrual pain, temporomandibular disorder pain and fractures / contusions / injuries. Individuals entered the study cohort on the 90th day of their episode, once eligibility was established, and continued to be included in the cohort whether or not they continued to receive prescriptions for opioid analgesics.
Exclusion criteria were (i) individuals with a cancer diagnosis (except non-melanoma skin cancer) in the Cancer Surveillance and End Results Registry up to the end of 2006, (ii) two or more cancer diagnoses (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) from visit or hospital data between the episode start date and the date of censoring, (iii) individuals not enrolled for at least 270 days in the one-year period prior to study cohort entry. Persons who disenrolled from GHC after baseline were censored on their date of disenrollment, otherwise they were censored on December 31, 2006, the end of the study observation period.
Dunn K.M., Saunders K.W., Rutter C.M., Banta-Green C.J., Merrill J.O., Sullivan M.D., Weisner C.M., Silverberg M.J., Campbell C.I., Psaty B.M, & Von Korff M. (2010). Overdose and prescribed opioids: Associations among chronic non-cancer pain patients. Annals of internal medicine, 152(2), 85-92.
Publication 2010
Abdominal Pain Adult Analgesics, Opioid Cancer Pain Contusions Degenerative Arthritides Diagnosis Dysmenorrhea Eligibility Determination Familial Atypical Mole-Malignant Melanoma Syndrome Fracture, Bone Headache Hernia Hernia, Abdominal Inclusion Bodies Injuries Malignant Neoplasms Neck Pain Opioids Pain Pain Disorder Physicians Prescriptions Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

Most recents protocols related to «Analgesics, Opioid»

1
Multimodal Pain Management for Postoperative Care
All patients were consecutively recruited on the day before surgery. After written informed consent was obtained, baseline questionnaires were completed. Follow-ups after surgery for pain evaluation were performed on postoperative days (POD) 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 30 and monthly thereafter until pain resolution was reached or up to 6 months after surgery; the sessions were conducted by face-to-face interviews during the hospital stay or telephone interviews after discharge. Loss to follow-up was defined as the patient not being contacted during two consecutive follow-ups.
A standard perioperative pain management protocol was performed. Multimodal analgesia during surgery included the following: 1) corticosteroids, such as intravenous injection of methylprednisolone 40–80 mg before induction; 2) continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine at a rate of 0.4–0.6 μg/kg/h until incision closure; 3) short-acting opioids, including intermittent intravenous injection of sufentanil with a total dose of 0.5–1.0 μg/kg and continuous infusion of remifentanil 0.1–0.2 μg/kg/min until the end of surgery; and 4) flurbiprofen 100 mg or parecoxib 40 mg intravenously administered before the end of surgery when no contraindication presented. At the end of surgery, patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) with sufentanil was provided to each patient for at least 72 hours. The PCIA device was initially set to deliver sufentanil at a rate of 2 μg/hour (solution 1 μg/ml) and a bolus of sufentanil 3 μg on request with a lockout time of 15 minutes. Background infusion was stopped if the worst pain score was <= 3 or opioid-related side effects (such as nausea and vomiting and dizziness) were reported during follow-ups. If severe opioid-related side effects persisted despite pharmacological treatment, PCIA was stopped at the request of the patient.
In wards, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or COX-2 inhibitors were used as needed based on the surgeons’ preference. If patients reported pain with neuropathic characteristics, such as numbness and burning, gabapentin was added. Immediate-release oxycodone (5 mg) or tramadol (100 mg) was administered orally for rescue analgesia. Oral sustained-release oxycodone (5 mg every 12 hours) or a transdermal fentanyl patch (25 μg/hour for 72 hours) was provided for persistent severe pain after cessation of PCIA. Pain consultations were held when necessary.
Zhang Q., Wu Y., Hong S, & Feng Y. (2023). Trajectory of worst pain within the first two weeks following pelvic and sacral tumor surgery and long-term outcome: a pilot observational prospective cohort study. BMC Anesthesiology, 23, 73.
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Publication 2023
Adrenal Cortex Hormones Analgesics, Opioid Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ARID1A protein, human Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors Dexmedetomidine Face Fentanyl Flurbiprofen Gabapentin Management, Pain Medical Devices Methylprednisolone Multimodal Imaging Nausea Neuralgia Operative Surgical Procedures Opioids Oxycodone Pain Pain Measurement parecoxib Patient-Controlled Analgesia Patients Pharmacotherapy Remifentanil Sufentanil Surgeons Tramadol Transdermal Patch
2
Identifying Pregnancy Confounders in Psychiatric Illness
We identified the following potential confounders a priori using directed acyclic graphs28 (link): age at pregnancy, primiparous, marital status, smoking during pregnancy, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (calculated based on 19 conditions; definition in the eMethods in Supplement 1). We used a history of self-harm (definition in the eMethods in Supplement 1) and psychiatric diagnoses at any time before pregnancy, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, other mood disorders, and others (International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision [ICD-8] and Tenth Revision [ICD-10] codes listed in eTable 2 in Supplement 1); number of psychiatric emergencies; and coprescribed medications (opioid analgesics, antiseizure medications, antipsychotics, benzodiazepine/z-hypnotics, or anxiolytics; ATC codes listed in eTable 3 in Supplement 1) in the 6 months before pregnancy as a proxy for disease severity. In addition, we included filling prescriptions for 2 or more classes of antidepressants and having an average daily dose of an antidepressant greater than 1 fluoxetine dose equivalent (ie, 40 mg fluoxetine)29 (link) in the 6 months before pregnancy as an additional proxy of the severity of mental illnesses.
Trinh N.T., Munk-Olsen T., Wray N.R., Bergink V., Nordeng H.M., Lupattelli A, & Liu X. (2023). Timing of Antidepressant Discontinuation During Pregnancy and Postpartum Psychiatric Outcomes in Denmark and Norway. JAMA Psychiatry, 80(5), 441-450.
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Publication 2023
Analgesics, Opioid Anti-Anxiety Agents Antidepressive Agents Antipsychotic Agents Benzodiazepines Bipolar Disorder Diagnosis, Psychiatric Dietary Supplements Emergencies Fluoxetine Hypnotics Mood Disorders Pharmaceutical Preparations Pregnancy Prescriptions Schizophrenia
3
Laparoscopic Radical Resection for Upper Rectal and Sigmoid Colon Cancer
From January 2017 to December 2021, patients underwent laparoscopic radical resection in treatment for upper rectal cancer and sigmoid colon cancer at the National Cancer Center were reviewed. Patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery with natural orifice extraction were assigned to NOSES group while patients who performed conventional laparoscopic surgery with abdominal auxiliary incision were assigned to LAP group. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) aged between 18 and 75 years; (2) cT stage 1–3 (3) without distant metastasis. The exclusion criteria were: (1) complicated with other malignant tumors (2) emergency surgery for acute intestinal obstruction, perforation or bleeding. Finally, 186 patients who underwent NOSES and 274 who underwent LAP were enrolled. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the baseline data between the two groups. Propensity scores were matched 1:1 based on age, gender, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) score, preoperative chemotherapy, tumor location, tumor differentiation, T stage, N stage, and tumor size. Finally, 144 patients were assigned to the NOSES group while 144 patients were assigned to the LAP group (Figure 1).
Preoperative assessment for all patients included laboratory examination, colonoscopy with biopsy, abdominal CT scan and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging. Tumor staging was evaluated according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC, eighth edition) staging system. Patients with clinical stage II and III received preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery 6 weeks later. All patients received mechanical bowel preparation before surgery, and intravenous antibiotic profilaxis were administered during perioperative period. Postoperatively, patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) was administered to all patients for pain management, and additional nonsteroidal and opioid analgesics were administered intravenously as required. Pain scores were assessed once daily with a validated visual analogue scale (VAS), ranging from 0 to 10, with 0 representing no pain and 10 representing the worst conceivable pain. All patients signed the written informed consent and complied with the Declaration of Helsinki. This retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board Committee of the Cancer Hospital at the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 18-015/1617).
Zhao F., Zhao W., Xiao T., Wang Z., Huang F., Xing W, & Liu Q. (2023). Evaluating short-term and survival outcomes of natural orifice specimen extraction surgery for colorectal cancer: A single-centre retrospective study. Frontiers in Surgery, 10, 1078316.
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Publication 2023
Abdomen Analgesics, Opioid Anesthesiologist Antibiotics Biopsy Cancer of Sigmoid Chemoradiotherapy Chinese Colonoscopy Emergencies Ethics Committees, Research Gender Index, Body Mass Intestinal Obstruction Intestines Joints Laparoscopy Malignant Neoplasms Management, Pain Neoplasm Metastasis Neoplasms Neoplasms by Site Nose Operative Surgical Procedures Pain Patient-Controlled Analgesia Patients Pelvis Pharmacotherapy Rectal Cancer Surgical Procedures, Laparoscopic Visual Analog Pain Scale X-Ray Computed Tomography
4
Analyzing Patient-Reported Experiences with OUD Medications
We used two health care forums, Drugs.com and WebMD, as our data source for this study. Both forums collect patients’ self-reported experiences for a wide range of medications. In both forums, patients can report their experiences with medication in a field called “comments.” In the WebMD forum, patients can enter their gender and age range, while the Drugs.com forum does not have an option for gender and age. In both forums, each review post includes a rating attribute for the reviewer to rate the treatment effectiveness experience as a number, which is in the range of 1-10 in Drugs.com and 1-5 in WebMD. In addition, in either forum, the reviewers can input the duration of their treatments into four categories: too short, less than 1 month, too long, and more than 10 years. WebMD also has options for collecting the “drug satisfaction” and “ease of use,” while Drugs.com does not have these two rating features. The date of reports in both forums is recorded automatically using the system. The patient’s ID is visible; however, the forums collect the patient consent to make the reported experience publicly available. Figure 1 shows a sample review post from the Drugs.com forum.
In this study, our targeted drugs were the two well-studied [38 (link)] OUD treatment medications methadone hydrochloride and buprenorphine/naloxone hydrochloride (Zubsolv, Suboxone, Subutex, and Bunavail). Methadone and naloxone (brand names: Methadose and Dolophine) are from a class of medications called opioid analgesics, whereas buprenorphine is from the partial agonist-antagonists class.
Omranian S., Zolnoori M., Huang M., Campos-Castillo C, & McRoy S. (2023). Predicting Patient Satisfaction With Medications for Treating Opioid Use Disorder: Case Study Applying Natural Language Processing to Reviews of Methadone and Buprenorphine/Naloxone on Health-Related Social Media. JMIR Infodemiology, 3, e37207.
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Publication 2023
Analgesics, Opioid antagonists Buprenorphine Dolophine Drug Delivery Systems Gender Hydrochloride, Buprenorphine Hydrochloride, Methadone Methadone Methadose Naloxone Naloxone, Buprenorphine Naloxone Hydrochloride Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Satisfaction Suboxone Subutex
5
Epidemiological Study of Monkeypox Cases

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Publication 2023
3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-one Analgesics, Opioid Antibiotics Anus Bacteria BLOOD Edema Ethics Committees Ethics Committees, Research Hospitalization isolation Paraphimosis Patients Penis Pharynx Physicians Polymerase Chain Reaction Proctitis Saliva Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial Skin Specimen Collection Superinfection Urethra Urine

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More about "Analgesics, Opioid"

Analgesics and Opioids are two crucial classes of drugs used to manage and alleviate pain.
Analgesics work by reducing the perception and sensation of pain, while Opioids act on the brain and nervous system to block or inhibit pain signals.
Researchers can leverage the powerful AI-driven platform of PubCompare.ai to streamline and optimize their studies on Analgesics and Opioids.
This platform allows researchers to locate relevant protocols from the literature, preprints, and patents, and utilize advanced comparison tools to identify the best protocols and products for their research.
By harnessing the capabilities of PubCompare.ai, researchers can improve the reproducibility and accuracy of their studies, ensuring that their findings are robust and reliable.
The term 'Analgesics' encompasses a wide range of pain-relieving medications, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acetaminophen, and adjuvant therapies like gabapentinoids.
These drugs work by modulating various pain pathways and can be used to manage acute, chronic, and neuropathic pain conditions.
Opioids, on the other hand, are a class of narcotic analgesics that bind to specific receptors in the brain and spinal cord, effectively blocking the transmission of pain signals.
Examples of Opioids include morphine, codeine, oxycodone, and fentanyl.
In addition to these primary terms, researchers may also encounter related concepts such as SAS (Statistical Analysis System) version 9.4, Stata version 15, DL-thiorphan (a neutral endopeptidase inhibitor), MultiSource remote (a platform for managing multiple data sources), Metacam (a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug for veterinary use), Naloxone (an Opioid antagonist used to reverse Opioid overdose), Tropisetron hydrochloride (a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist), SAS Enterprise Guide 7.1 (a graphical user interface for SAS), and Met-enkephalin acetate salt (an endogenous Opioid peptide).
By incorporating these synonyms, related terms, abbreviations, and key subtopics, researchers can better navigate the complex and evolving landscape of Analgesics and Opioids, optimizing their research and improving the overall quality and reproducibility of their findings.