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Antral

Antral refers to the distal portion of the stomach, located between the pylorus and the corpus of the stomach.
This region plays a crucial role in the digestive process, facilitating the storage and churning of food prior to its passage into the small intestine.
The antrum is characterized by its funnel-like shape and is essential for the proper mixing and propulsion of gastric contents.
Disturbances or abnormalities in antral function can contribute to various gastrointestinal disorders, making it an important area of study in gastroenterology and physiology.

Most cited protocols related to «Antral»

1
Gastric Histopathology and H. pylori Quantification
Cited 33 times

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Publication 2010
Alcian Blue Antibodies Antral Atrophy BLOOD Brucella Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Equus caballus Flow Cytometry Helicobacter pylori Hyperplasia Inflammation Interferon Type II Metaplasia Microscopy Paraffin Periodic Acid Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Serum Stain, Giemsa Stomach Technique, Dilution Tissues
2
Endoscopic Gastritis Evaluation Protocols
Cited 14 times
Gastroduodenal endoscopy was performed, and the findings were independently scored according to the Kyoto classification of gastritis and the Kimura-Takemoto classification by two endoscopists (9 (link),15 ). The Kimura-Takemoto gastric atrophy classification scores atrophy as six grades: Closed (C)-I, C-II, C-III, and Open (O)-I, O-II, and O-III (15 ). In this classification, C-I, C-II, and C-III denote closed-type atrophic patterns, with a margin between the non-atrophic fundic mucosa and atrophic mucosa located in the lesser curvature of the stomach; and O-I, O-II, and O-III denote open-type atrophic patterns, whose margin does not cross the lesser curvature. According to the Kyoto classification of gastritis, patients are classified into three groups based on endoscopic findings: H. pylori-negative patients (no gastritis), current H. pylori-positive patients (active gastritis), and previous H. pylori-infected patients (inactive gastritis). The total score involves five parameters of gastritis, including atrophy (Kimura-Takemoto classification CI = Kyoto A0, CII & C-III = Kyoto A1, and OI-OIII = Kyoto A2), intestinal metaplasia (none: IM0, within antrum: IM1, and up to corpus: IM2), hypertrophy of gastric folds (negative: H0, positive: H1), nodularity (negative: N0, positive: N1), and diffuse redness (negative: DR0, mild: DR1, severe: DR2). These scores were independently calculated for all subjects by two expert endoscopists after endoscopy (Table 1). During endoscopy, more than 40 pictures were taken by an expert endoscopist. When the two endoscopists differed on the score assigned, they arrived at a consensus by reviewing the pictures. The status of intestinal metaplasia was diagnosed using image-enhanced endoscopy, such as narrow band imaging, but not pathological evaluations.
Sugimoto M., Ban H., Ichikawa H., Sahara S., Otsuka T., Inatomi O., Bamba S., Furuta T, & Andoh A. (2017). Efficacy of the Kyoto Classification of Gastritis in Identifying Patients at High Risk for Gastric Cancer. Internal Medicine, 56(6), 579-586.
Publication 2017
Antral Atrophy Endoscopy Erythema Gastritis Gastritis, Atrophic Helicobacter pylori Hypertrophy Intestines Metaplasia Mucous Membrane Patients Stomach
3
Ovarian Follicle Morphometric Analysis
Cited 10 times
Fixed ovaries were processed for microscopy and subsequently the entire ovary was sectioned at 8 µm. Every 5th ovarian section was stained with haematoxylin and eosin for morphometric analysis. In order to prevent multiple counts of the same follicle, only those follicles with a visible oocyte nucleus were included. Since oocyte nuclei measured between 20–30 µm in diameter, counting every 5th section of the ovary ensured a distance of 40 µm between analysed sections, preventing multiple counts of the same ovarian follicle. Follicle classification based on characteristics proposed by Hirshfield & Midgley [66] (link) was as follows: type 1: primordial follicle, one layer of flattened granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte; type 2: primary follicle, one to fewer than two complete layers of cuboidal granulosa cells; type 3: secondary follicle, an oocyte surrounded by greater than one layer of cuboidal granulosa cells, with no visible antrum; type 4: antral follicle, an oocyte surrounded by multiple layers of cuboidal granulosa cells and containing one or more antral spaces, cumulus oophorus and theca layer may also have been evident. Total volume of each section was calculated (area of the section x thickness of the section) and follicle counts for each animal were corrected for the total volume of ovarian tissue counted. All follicle counts were then expressed as number of follicles counted per mm3 of ovarian tissue counted.
Bernal A.B., Vickers M.H., Hampton M.B., Poynton R.A, & Sloboda D.M. (2010). Maternal Undernutrition Significantly Impacts Ovarian Follicle Number and Increases Ovarian Oxidative Stress in Adult Rat Offspring. PLoS ONE, 5(12), e15558.
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Publication 2010
Animals Antral Cell Nucleus Cuboid Bone Eosin Graafian Follicle Granulosa Cell Hair Follicle Microscopy Oocytes Ovarian Follicle Ovary Tissues
4
GI Cancer Surveillance in Eastern Golestan
Cited 10 times
The majority of cancer patients in eastern Golestan present first to the local general practitioners or to the medical and surgical specialists in the area, and only a small group of patients are first diagnosed in major cities outside the area. Before the study began, the investigators contacted all of the local medical practitioners and asked them to refer their patients with suspected GI tract cancers to the Atrak Clinic. From August 2001 to August 2003, 682 patients were referred to the Atrak Clinic. Based on the results of a recent cancer surveillance study and an ongoing cancer registration in Golestan Province, we have shown that approximately 70% of the incident cases of oesophageal cancer recorded in the eastern part of Golestan Province during the study period were referred to the Clinic (unpublished data), so the results of this report may be generalised to represent the experience of eastern Golestan Province.
All the 682 patients referred to the Atrak Clinic were suspected of having upper GI cancers. After signing an informed consent, the patients were interviewed by a physician using a structured questionnaire and underwent physical examination followed by oesophago-gastro-duodenal videoendoscopy. Intravenous Midazolam (5 mg) and 10% lidocaine spray to the pharynx were used as premedication. Local medical specialists, who had been given specific training, performed the endoscopies using Olympus GIF-XQ230 and Pentax EG-2900 video endoscopes. At least four biopsies were obtained from all of the tumours that were found during endoscopy and standard biopsies were taken from the antrum, the gastric body (lesser curvature), the cardia and the oesophagus in all patients. Two more biopsies were taken from columnar-lined distal oesophagus, if such tissue existed. The endoscopic data were entered on predesigned forms, and the location of the tumours was either captured and registered electronically (90% of the tumours), or precisely drawn on a specially designed form. An experienced endoscopist (R Malekzadeh) reviewed both the endoscopic reports and the captured images to confirm the exact site of the tumours. Biopsy specimens were oriented and spread on strips of filter paper and fixed immediately in 10% buffered formalin. The samples were sent to the DDRC, in Tehran, where they were embedded, sectioned and stained with haematoxylin and eosin and examined by experienced DDRC pathologists (M Sotoudeh and B Abedi).
The cancers were classified into four groups: oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) and gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma (GNCA). Adenocarcinomas of the stomach were classified as intestinal or diffuse type using Lauren's classification criteria (Lauren, 1965 ). Gastric cardia tumours were defined as adenocarcinoma with an estimated point of origin within 1 cm proximal or 3 cm distal of the oesophago-gastric junction.
The study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the DDRC and the US National Cancer Institute.
Islami F., Kamangar F., Aghcheli K., Fahimi S., Semnani S., Taghavi N., Marjani H.A., Merat S., Nasseri-Moghaddam S., Pourshams A., Nouraie M., Khatibian M., Abedi B., Brazandeh M.H., Ghaziani R., Sotoudeh M., Dawsey S.M., Abnet C.C., Taylor P.R, & Malekzadeh R. (2004). Epidemiologic features of upper gastrointestinal tract cancers in Northeastern Iran. British Journal of Cancer, 90(7), 1402-1406.
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Publication 2004
Adenocarcinoma Adenocarcinoma Of Esophagus Antral Barrett Esophagus Biopsy Cardia Duodenum Endoscopes Endoscopy Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal Eosin Esophageal Cancer Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Esophagus Ethics Committees, Research Formalin Gastrointestinal Cancer General Practitioners Human Body Intestines Lidocaine Malignant Neoplasms Midazolam Neoplasms Neoplasms by Site Operative Surgical Procedures Pathologists Patients Pharynx Physical Examination Physicians Premedication Specialists Stomach Stomach Neoplasms Strains Tissues
5
Multisite Atrial Electrophysiology Mapping
Cited 8 times
Electrophysiology study was performed > 5 half-lives after discontinuing antiarrhythmic medications, except for amiodarone (stopped for > 30 days) (Table 1). Using femoral venous access, a decapolar catheter was placed in the coronary sinus, and then a 7F monophasic action potential (MAP) catheter (Boston Scientific, Natick MA) was advanced to the right atrium then left atrium via transseptal puncture. Heparin was administered intravenously to maintain activated clotting time (ACT) > 350 seconds throughout mapping (and subsequent ablation).
Simultaneous multisite recordings of the atria were achieved using 64 pole catheters (Constellation, Boston Scientific, MA) advanced transseptally to the left atrium in all patients, with a second basket placed simultaneously in the right atrium in n=20 patients (12 persistent, 8 paroxysmal; figure 1). Great care was taken to optimize electrode contact, to cover the majority of the atria and the ostia of the pulmonary veins and atrial appendages, maintaining relatively uniform interelectrode spacing (figure 1). Electrodes span the orifices of the thoracic veins and atrial appendages and so this approach can identify activation emanating from, versus progressing towards, these structures.
Panels A-L of figure 1 provide examples of optimal and suboptimal basket positions. Optimal positioning required selecting the basket size such that splines deformed slightly with cardiorespiratory motion on fluoroscopy or showed tissue opposition on intracardiac echocardiography (figure 1A-D). With currently available baskets (48 mm diameter, 4 mm electrode spacing; or 60 mm diameter, 5 mm electrode spacing), the LA was incompletely mapped in patients with LA diameter >≈ 60 mm in whom the septal LA and right pulmonary vein antra were typically under-represented (figure 1F).
Simultaneous biatrial basket recordings are described in this report, but the atria may also be sampled sequentially using a single basket to first analyze RA data while performing transseptal cannulation, then repeating this process for the LA.
Narayan S.M., Krummen D.E, & Rappel W.J. (2012). Clinical Mapping Approach To Diagnose Electrical Rotors and Focal Impulse Sources for Human Atrial Fibrillation. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology, 23(5), 447-454.
Publication 2012
Action Potentials Amiodarone Anti-Arrhythmia Agents Antral Atrium, Left Atrium, Right Auricular Appendage Cannulation Catheters Echocardiography Electrophysiologic Study, Cardiac Fluoroscopy Heart Atrium Heparin Patients Punctures Sinus, Coronary Tissues Vein, Femoral Veins Veins, Pulmonary

Most recents protocols related to «Antral»

1
Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
After obtaining written informed consent, the ablation procedure was performed with the patient in a post-absorptive state under conscious sedation. Intravenous heparin was administered during the procedure and doses were adjusted to achieve an activated clotting time of >300 ms.
The CARTO 3-dimensional electro-anatomical mapping system (Biosense Webster, Diamond Bar, CA) was used in the majority of the procedures. We used the technique of circumferential pulmonary vein (PV) ablation guided by 3-dimensional LA mapping, which has previously been described in detail.[3 (link)] Briefly, the LA was explored via the trans-septal approach. The LA geometry was reconstructed with a 3.5-mm tip Thermocool Smart Touch catheter (Biosense Webster) in the CARTO 3-dimensional electro-anatomical mapping system. Continuous irrigated radiofrequency ablation was performed along each PV antrum to encircle the ipsilateral PVs. Ablation was delivered point by point with Thermocool SmartTouch catheters in power-controlled mode at 35 W. The target ablation index was 380 to 400 for the LA posterior wall and 500 elsewhere. The target temperature was 43°C, and the infusion rate was 17 mL/min. The procedural endpoints were completeness of continuous circular lesions and electrical isolation of all PVs that were identified by a decapolar circumferential mapping catheter (Lasso; Biosense Webster). If a typical atrial flutter had been documented before the procedure, the tricuspid isthmus responsible for this tachycardia was identified and ablated. All 4 PVs were successfully isolated from the LA in all of the patients in this study during the first procedure.
Zhao D., Zhang F., Liu X., Li M., Zhang L., Hu J., Li F, & Wu J. (2023). Efficacy of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients with significant functional mitral regurgitation. Medicine, 102(10), e33231.
Publication 2023
Ablation Techniques Antral Atrial Flutter Catheters Consciousness Diamond Electricity Heparin isolation Patients Radiofrequency Ablation Sedatives Touch Veins, Pulmonary
2
H. pylori Mimicry of Celiac Disease
This study was designed to explain the probable involvement of H. pylori in mimicking celiac disease pathology and, as a result, influencing screening test results. To do so, we selected three groups of children between 2 and 18 years old were referred to Mofid children hospital and Children’s Medical Center, tertiary medical centers of children in Tehran/Iran for diagnosis of CD.
IgA EMA was measured by an indirect immunofluorescence method ((EmA Kit Biosystems, Genova, Italy). IgA anti TTG was measured by ELISA (ImmuLisa, Immco, USA).
Patients referred for upper endoscopy for confirming diagnosis of CD. Five biopsy samples (4 from D2 and 1 from bulb) were sent. In addition four gastric biopsy samples were sent (2 from antrum, 1 from cardia and 1 from body). Two pathologists expert in the field have reviewed the tissues.
The two groups who had moderate to heavy colonization with H.pylori infection according to gastric biopsy results. These patients introduced to ethics committee of research institute for children health. After written informed consent they referred to pediatric gastroenterologist for treatment of H pylori infection. Two weeks course of treatment with antibiotics and proton pomp inhibitor was performed. All patients had examined for H.pylori infection eradication by stool antigen 6 weeks later. During these 6 weeks, the patients were not subjected to a gluten-free diet, but after the 6th week and re-examination and eradication of H.pylori infection in the stool, based on the confirmation of celiac disease, they were subjected to the desired diet. Furthermore, the anti-endomysial antibody (EMA-IgA(mg/dL)) test was checked before and after therapy in the first group. This test was also performed in the third group of celiac patients with negative H. pylori, but not in the second group of non-celiac patients with positive H.pylori because it was not scientifically necessary.
Rohani P., Zadeh M.M., Alimadadi H, & Sohouli M.H. (2023). Effect of helicobacter pylori infection eradication on serum level of anti-tissue transglutaminase in children with celiac disease. BMC Pediatrics, 23, 116.
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Publication 2023
Antibiotics Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic Antigens Antral Biopsy Cardia Celiac Disease Child Children's Health Diagnosis Diet Endoscopy Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Ethics Committees, Research Feces Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect Gastroenterologist Gluten-Free Diet Helicobacter pylori Human Body IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies Infection Medulla Oblongata Pathologists Patients Protons Stomach Therapeutics Tissues
3
Ovarian Follicle Morphology Analysis
Paraffin-embedded ovaries were serially sectioned. The first section containing ovarian tissue was collected. Every six sections, another section was collected until 20 sections were collected. HE staining was performed to evaluate the morphology of follicles. The criteria for the classification of follicles are as follows: primordial follicle, the oocyte was enclosed by a layer of squamous granulosa cells; primary follicle, the oocyte was enclosed by cuboidal granulosa cells; secondary follicle, the oocyte was enclosed by 2 or more layers of granulosa cells; and antral follicle, an antrum cavity was present. We avoided recording the same follicle more than once.
Liu F., Wan Q., Liu P., Miao D., Dai X, & Chen L. (2023). Loss of p16 does not protect against premature ovarian insufficiency caused by alkylating agents. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 23, 151.
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Publication 2023
Antral Cuboid Bone Dental Caries Graafian Follicle Granulosa Cell Hair Follicle Oocytes Ovarian Follicle Ovary Paraffin Tissues
4
Retrospective Analysis of Gastric Biopsies
We retrospectively reviewed patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with gastric biopsies or H. pylori breath test at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University (RHWU) between June 2020 and July 2021. We included 1826 patients (881 H. pylori positive and 945 H. pylori negative) for the development of EADHI. Table 1 shows the patient characteristics. Exclusion criteria include (1) patients with a history of GC, peptic ulcer, gastric surgery, or submucosal tumor and (2) patients who received H. pylori eradication or administered antibiotics within a month or proton pump inhibitor within 2 weeks of H. pylori breath test.
EGD was performed using a standard endoscope (GIF-HQ290, GIF-H260; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan; EG-L590ZW; Fujifilm, Tokyo, Japan) and the images were captured during high-definition, white-light examination of the antrum, angularis (retroflex), body (forward and retroflex), and fundus (retroflex). Gastric biopsies were performed in the antrum and body at the endoscopist’s discretion.
Zhang M., Pan J., Lin J., Xu M., Zhang L., Shang R., Yao L., Li Y., Zhou W., Deng Y., Dong Z., Zhu Y., Tao X., Wu L, & Yu H. (2023). An explainable artificial intelligence system for diagnosing Helicobacter Pylori infection under endoscopy: a case–control study. Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology, 16, 17562848231155023.
Publication 2023
Antibiotics, Antitubercular Antral Biopsy Breath Tests Endoscopes Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Helicobacter pylori Human Body Light Neoplasms Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Peptic Ulcer Proton Pump Inhibitors Stomach
5
Kidney and Ovary Histomorphological Assessment
Cited 1 time
Formalin-fixed hemisected kidneys and ovaries were embedded in paraffin and 5 µm thick serial sections were prepared and stained with H&E. For each renal slide, 10 randomly selected non-overlapping fields were assessed using a light microscope, and the degree of glomerular and tubular morphological changes was evaluated. The ovary tissue sections were observed under an optical microscope and different follicular groups were evaluated. To evaluate changes in ovarian tissue, ovarian structures were categorized into five groups based on morphology: primary follicles (PF), secondary follicles (SF), tertiary (Graafian) follicles (TF), cystic follicles (CF), and corpora lutea (CL), and their changes in the ovaries were examined. The number of follicles and CL per ovary section was counted for morphometric assessment. The average of different follicle numbers was calculated in 10 parts of ovarian parenchyma in each section (equivalent to 10 fields of 10× objective lens of the light microscope) and 20 fields in each group. The mean thickness of TF, theca, and granulosa cell layers was measured in 10 follicles in each section and 20 follicles in each group using ImageJ software, version 1.53q. (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA). Follicles were classified as PF when one or more granulosa cell layers around a primary oocyte were present, as SF based on the presence of antrum, and as TF when antrum development was completed and characterized by an oocyte surrounded by a cumulus oophorus. Those follicles containing four or five layers of granulosa cells surrounding a very large antrum or a large fluid-filled follicle with an attenuated granulosa cell layer, and thickened theca layer were classified as CF.
Forghani N., Karimi Z., Mokhtari M., Shariati M, & Masjedi F. (2023). Association of Oxidative Stress with Kidney Injury in a Hyperandrogenemic Female Rat Model. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences, 48(2), 187-197.
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Publication 2023
Antral Corpus Luteum Cyst, Follicular Formalin Graafian Follicle Granulosa Cell Hair Follicle Kidney Kidney Glomerulus Lens, Crystalline Light Microscopy Oocytes Oogonia Ovarian Follicle Ovary Paraffin Embedding Tissues

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More about "Antral"

Antral region of the stomach: The antrum is the distal portion of the stomach, situated between the pylorus and the corpus.
This funnel-shaped area plays a crucial role in the digestive process, facilitating the storage and churning of food prior to its passage into the small intestine.
Proper antral function is essential for the adequate mixing and propulsion of gastric contents.
Disturbances in antral physiology can contribute to various gastrointestinal disorders, making it an important focus of study in gastroenterology and physiology.
The antrum is characterized by its distinctive shape and musculature, which enable the stomach to effectively grind and move food.
Conditions affecting antral motility, such as gastroparesis or pyloric stenosis, can lead to impaired gastric emptying and associated symptoms.
Antral resection or ablation techniques, like those used with the CARTO 3 system or Thermocool SmartTouch catheters, may be employed to manage certain gastrointestinal disorders.
Researchers often utilize tools like the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit, RNeasy Mini Kit, and video endoscopes to study the antral region and its functions.
Paraformaldehyde may be employed for tissue fixation and preservation.
Additionally, devices such as the FlexCath Advance and Coolflex catheters can be used for targeted antral interventions.
Optimizing research on the antral region requires a comprehensive understanding of its anatomy, physiology, and role in digestive processes.
The Antral Optimized with PubCompare.ai platform can enhance reproducibility and accuracy by providing intelligent comparisons of relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.