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Atomoxetine

Atomoxetine is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, adolescents, and adults.
It works by increasing the availability of norepinephrine in the brain, which can improve focus, concentration, and impulse control.
Atomoxetine is typically well-tolerated, with common side effects including dry mouth, decreased appetite, and sleep disturbances.
Reasearchers can use PubCompare.ai's cutting-edge AI platform to streamlnie their Atomoxetne studies, quickly identify relevant protocols and products, and optimze their research effeciently.

Most cited protocols related to «Atomoxetine»

1
Qualitative Analysis of NICE ADHD Appraisal
Cited 9 times
A qualitative study was done of NICE Technology Appraisal No. 98, "Methylphenidate, atomoxetine and dexamfetamine for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents (Review of Technology Appraisal 13)" [3 ]. The study focused on policy-relevant aspects and had descriptive, explorative, and explanatory elements.
Its initial phase consisted of defining a theoretical framework for analysis. This included a description of NICE technology appraisal processes, which fell in a period of substantial upgrade and definition of "reference case" analysis by NICE [7 ,8 ]. During this phase, a thematic framework was defined, comprising use of the "accountability for reasonableness" concept as a process benchmark [9 ,10 (link)], a critique of the technology assessment report underlying the appraisal, as well as a review of the clinical and economic literature on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [11 ].
Its second phase comprised data collection employing a number of closely related strategies, including retrieval and analysis of documents related to the ADHD appraisal which were posted on the NICE website. Scientific articles cited in these documents were obtained for analysis. This was supplemented by literature searches (using the PubMed and, via EBSCO host services, the Business Source Elite databases as well as Google Scholar) for articles on ADHD diagnosis, treatment, compliance, cost, and cost-effectiveness, which were complemented by a search for relevant abstracts presented at international meetings in the fields of psychiatry and health economics. Documents were indexed using categories including study type, product tested, and subject matter (e.g., "treatment compliance") for further analysis and interpretation.
The analysis reported here is part of this more comprehensive study of NICE appraisal processes by the same author [11 ], and it is focused on the underlying Technology Assessment Report [4 ]. The purpose of the present paper is to shed light on the validity of the conclusions offered by NICE; it should be emphasized that it is not intended to assign responsibility for any identified problems to particular actors (such as NICE, its committees, or the assessment team). Unless specified otherwise, the following citations will refer to the Technology Assessment Report ("TAR" [4 ]), which was subsequently published as a full paper in the Health Technology Assessment monograph series of the NHS R&D HTA Programme [12 (link)], apparently unchanged.
, & Schlander M. (2008). The NICE ADHD health technology assessment: A review and critique. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2, 1.
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Publication 2008
Adolescent Atomoxetine Child Dextroamphetamine Diagnosis Disorder, Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Light Methylphenidate Technology Assessment Technology Assessment, Biomedical
2
ADHD Medication and Criminal Behavior
Cited 7 times
The main exposure was ADHD medication identified in the Prescribed Drug Register using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system. Before 2008, ADHD medication could be prescribed only by child and adolescent psychiatrists, neuro-pediatricians or physicians licensed following individual application and Medical Products Agency approval. Since then, all specialists in psychiatry are licensed to prescribe. Nevertheless, ADHD medication to both children and adults has increased exponentially since 200514 . Methylphenidate (N06BA04) is recommended for first-line drug treatment, whereas amphetamine (N06BA01) and dexamphetamine (N06BA02) are more rarely prescribed. The non-stimulant atomoxetine (N06BA09) is also regularly used14 .
In accordance with previous studies14 ,15 (link), an individual was defined as receiving treatment during the time interval between two prescriptions of ADHD medication, unless prescriptions occurred more than 6 months apart. Thus, a treatment period was defined as a sequence of prescriptions, with no more than 6 months between two consecutive prescriptions. The start of treatment was defined as the date of the first prescription and end of treatment as the date of the last prescription. During intervals of 6 months or more without any prescriptions, an individual was considered to be off treatment. Patients receiving only one prescription (N=914) were considered to be off treatment. To determine whether individuals were receiving treatment at start and end of follow-up, the follow-up period was set to 1/1/2006 to 12/31/2009 as the Prescribed Drug Register only covered the period 7/1/2005 to 6/30/2010.
The main outcome was any conviction for a crime. If no date of crime was recorded, the date of the conviction was used. In sensitivity analyses, we also investigated less severe (i.e., not associated with custodial sentences), violent, and substance-related crimes25 (link) (for crime categories and prevalence see Table 1).
Individuals diagnosed with conduct, oppositional defiant, antisocial personality, or substance abuse disorders were identified through the Patient Register (ICD-9: 313.81, 312, 301.7, 291, 292, 303, 304, 305; ICD-10: F91, F60.2 and F10-F19).
Lichtenstein P., Halldner L., Zetterqvist J., Sjölander A., Serlachius E., Fazel S., Långström N, & Larsson H. (2012). Medication for Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder and Criminality. The New England journal of medicine, 367(21), 2006-2014.
Publication 2012
Adolescent Adult Amphetamines Antisocial Personality Disorder Atomoxetine Child Crime Dextroamphetamine Disorder, Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Hypersensitivity Methylphenidate Only Child Patients Pediatricians Pharmaceutical Preparations Physicians Psychiatrist Specialists Substance Abuse
3
Comprehensive ADHD Medication Systematic Review
Cited 6 times
We searched PubMed, BIOSIS Previews, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, OpenGrey, Web of Science Core Collection, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (UK and Ireland), ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (abstracts and international), and the WHO International Trials Registry Platform, including ClinicalTrials.gov, from the date of database inception to April 7, 2017, with no language restrictions. We used the search terms “adhd” OR “hkd” OR “addh” OR “hyperkine*” OR “attention deficit*” OR “hyper-activ*” OR “hyperactiv*” OR “overactive” OR “inattentive” OR “impulsiv*” combined with a list of ADHD medications (appendix pp 3–15). The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA), and relevant drug manufacturers' websites, and references of previous systematic reviews and guidelines, were hand-searched for additional information. We also contacted study authors and drug manufacturers to gather unpublished information and data (appendix p 15).
We included double-blind randomised controlled trials (parallel group, crossover, or cluster), of at least 1 week's duration, that enrolled children (aged ≥5 years and <12 years), adolescents (aged ≥12 years and <18 years), or adults (≥18 years) with a primary diagnosis of ADHD according to DSM-III, DSM III-R, DSM-IV(TR), DSM-5, ICD-9, or ICD-10. We did not restrict our search by ADHD subtype or presentation, gender, intelligence quotient (IQ), socioeconomic status, or comorbidities (except for those needing concomitant pharmacotherapy). We included studies if they assessed any of the following medications, as oral monotherapy, compared with each other or with placebo: amphetamines (including lisdexamfetamine), atomoxetine, bupropion, clonidine, guanfacine, methyl-phenidate (including dexmethylphenidate), and modafinil. We excluded studies with enrichment designs (eg, trials selecting drug responders only after a run-in phase), because these types of trial can potentially inflate efficacy and tolerability estimates. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria are in the appendix (pp 16, 17).
Our study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (number CRD42014008976) and published.30 We followed the PRISMA extension for network meta-analyses.31 (link)
Cortese S., Adamo N., Del Giovane C., Mohr-Jensen C., Hayes A.J., Carucci S., Atkinson L.Z., Tessari L., Banaschewski T., Coghill D., Hollis C., Simonoff E., Zuddas A., Barbui C., Purgato M., Steinhausen H.C., Shokraneh F., Xia J, & Cipriani A. (2018). Comparative efficacy and tolerability of medications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents, and adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 5(9), 727-738.
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Publication 2018
Adolescent Adult Amphetamines Atomoxetine Bupropion Child Clonidine Dexmethylphenidate Diagnosis Disorder, Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Europeans Guanfacine Lisdexamfetamine Modafinil Pharmaceutical Preparations Pharmacotherapy Placebos prisma
4
Randomized Comparison of LDX and ATX
Cited 6 times
Patients were required to discontinue any psychoactive medication for a 7-day washout period prior to baseline (visit 0). At baseline, patients were randomized (1:1) to receive a once-daily, morning dose (at 07:00 ± 2 h) of LDX or ATX for a 9-week, double-blind evaluation period (Fig. 1) with weekly, on-site efficacy, tolerability and safety assessments. Dosing began on the morning after the baseline visit and continued for 9 weeks, starting with a 4-week, stepwise, dose-optimization stage. Randomization of patients was stratified by country, and an automated interactive response system was used to generate the random (concealed) allocation sequence and assign participants to study treatments; patients, caregivers and investigators were blinded to the treatment allocation. All study drugs were over-encapsulated so they appeared identical.

Study design. Visit window ±2 days throughout the evaluation period. Visit window +2 days for safety follow-up visit. ATX atomoxetine, ET early termination, LDX lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, V visit

The dose-optimization phase involved adjustment of the dose until an ‘acceptable’ response was achieved [defined as a reduction of at least 30 % from baseline in the ADHD-RS-IV total score and a Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) score of 1 or 2 with tolerable side effects]. Only one dose reduction was permitted during the optimization phase and, following dose reduction, further increases were not allowed. Dose adjustments were not permitted beyond visit 3, and patients who were unable to tolerate the study drug were withdrawn from the study.
LDX was provided in a single capsule of 30, 50 or 70 mg, with patients initially receiving a 30-mg dose. ATX was available in 10-, 18-, 25-, 40- and 60-mg capsules. All patients in the ATX group who weighed less than 70 kg were started on a daily dose of approximately 0.5 mg/kg body weight, the final target daily dose being 1.2 mg/kg, with a maximum permitted daily dose of 1.4 mg/kg. Patients who weighed 70 kg or more initially received 40 mg and, if required, were titrated to 80 mg and then to 100 mg daily. Some patients treated with ATX would need two capsules to achieve the required dose (e.g. 80 and 100 mg were achieved using two capsules). Therefore, all patients weighing more than 64.5 kg who were titrated to a higher dose were instructed to take two capsules (the second capsule could be either active drug or placebo, as appropriate) to maintain the double-blind study design.
Dittmann R.W., Cardo E., Nagy P., Anderson C.S., Bloomfield R., Caballero B., Higgins N., Hodgkins P., Lyne A., Civil R, & Coghill D. (2013). Efficacy and Safety of Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate and Atomoxetine in the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: a Head-to-Head, Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase IIIb Study. CNS Drugs, 27(12), 1081-1092.
Publication 2013
Atomoxetine Body Weight Capsule Disorder, Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Drug Tapering Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Placebos Psychotropic Drugs Safety
5
Implementation of Universal Perinatal Depression Screening
Cited 5 times
The setting for this study is Kaiser Permanente Northern California, a large group practice within an integrated health care delivery system that provides comprehensive medical services to over 3.6 million members and has approximately 37,000 pregnancies and deliveries in a 14-county region. Kaiser Permanente Northern California employs more than 500 obstetric physicians and nurse practitioners and over 100 Certified Nurse-Midwives. All 15 regional medical centers (with 48 associated office facilities) have Obstetrics and Gynecology, Adult Family Medicine, Pediatric, and Behavioral Medicine/Psychiatry Departments. Coverage is provided for approximately 30% of the northern California population and is similar demographically, racially and ethnically to the population living in the geographic area. Information on diagnoses, procedures, hospitalizations, outpatient visits, laboratory tests, and prescribed medications are maintained within administrative and comprehensive electronic health records (EHR).
From 2009 to 2012, Kaiser Permanente Northern California progressively implemented a universal perinatal depression screening program, with women being screened three times using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): twice during pregnancy (first prenatal visit and 26-28 weeks/the glucola visit) and 3-8 weeks postpartum. Details about the development and implementation of the screening program are described in detail elsewhere13 . Briefly, prior to 2009 women were not screened routinely, generally only if they were symptomatic, but depression diagnoses during pregnancy and postpartum were recorded in the EHR.
In 2009 three medical centers began piloting universal perinatal depression screening with screening during at least of one of three pregnancy and postpartum periods (early pregnancy, late pregnancy andpostpartum). From 2009-2012, referred to as the “roll-out phase”, several guidelines for the program were developed and implemented. Medical assistants asked patients to complete the PHQ-9 form at rooming at the designated visits and the clinician reviewed the form during the visit. If a woman's PHQ-9 score was 10 or higher, the guideline recommendations included symptom assessment and review of related current and past medical history. Using their clinical judgement, if indicated, the clinician documented a depression diagnosis in the EHR for screen positive women. Perinatal Depression Champions and Chiefs were responsible for educating clinicians and staff at the sites. Medical centers developed varying collaborations with Behavioral Health to facilitate referrals for treatment for screen positive women. Over this time the guidelines evolved to include reassessments of women identified with depression with a subsequent PHQ-9 evaluation during a follow-up encounter (office visit, online encounter or telephone visit) within 120 days. By 2010, all medical centers region-wide conducted screening during at least one of the pregnancy and postpartum periods.
By 2012, all obstetric offices in the region had implemented the universal perinatal depression screening program, which included screening at all three time periods, referring for treatment or providing treatment, and conducting follow-up assessments. This is referred to as the Fully-Implemented Phase.
The PHQ-9 has been validated in many studies as an instrument for screening for depression with high sensitivity (> 88%) and specificity (> 88%) in obstetric patients14 (link)-18 (link), as well as a tool to establish depression severity and outcome19 (link). The nine question screener scores range from 0-27. A score of 1-4 suggests minimal depression, 5-9 mild depression, 10-14 moderate depression, 15-19 moderately severe depression and 20-27 suggests severe depression. The PHQ-9 was chosen as the single screening instrument, to enable its use across the obstetric, adult family medicine, and behavioral health departments, knowing that this choice balanced out many factors including scientific validity and feasibility for a large scale population-based screening program.
A population-based retrospective cohort study of pregnant women aged 18 years and older was conducted and included women who had at least one obstetric visit during each of the following three periods of pregnancy and postpartum: the first 20 weeks of pregnancy (early pregnancy), 20 weeks of pregnancy through delivery (late pregnancy), and three months postpartum (postpartum). Inclusion criteria also required the first prenatal visit to occur during one of the three distinct phases in relation to the implementation of the Universal Perinatal Depression Screening Program: 1) Pre-Implementation-first prenatal visit date after April 1, 2007 and birth date prior to January 1, 2009; 2) Roll-out- first prenatal visit date after April 1, 2009 and birth date prior to January 1, 2012; 3) Fully Implemented- first prenatal visit date after April 1, 2012 and birth date prior to October 1, 2014. The timeframes for each phase were established to minimize the possibility of a woman's prenatal and postpartum visits crossing two phases and confounding the ability to attribute results to one phase. If a woman had more than one pregnancy during the study period, only the first pregnancy was included to avoid non-independent observations. The final study population included 97,678 pregnant women. This study was approved by the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Institutional Review Board.
Women were considered to have a new depression diagnosis if they had at least one depression ICD-9 diagnosis codes (296.20-296.25, 296.30 - 296.35, 298.0, 300.4, 309.0, 309.1, 648.4, or 311) during pregnancy or up to three months after delivery and no depression diagnosis or antidepressant drug dispensing in the year prior to their last menstrual period. Treatment for a new depression diagnosis was defined as having at least one antidepressant medication dispensed or at least one individual counseling visit or attendance at a group class that occurred on the same date or after the new depression diagnosis through 6 months postpartum. Antidepressant medications were predominantly SSRIs (citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline) but also included tricyclic acids (amitriptyline, clomipramine, desipramine, nortriptyline, doxepin, imipramine, protriptyline, and trimipramine), SNRIs (desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, milnacipran, and venlafaxine), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (phenelzine and tranylcypromine), and others (trazodone, bupropion, atomoxetine, mirtazapine, nefazodone, and vilazodone).
Data on maternal demographic and socioeconomic characteristics including age at delivery, marital status, race/ethnicity, and Medicaid status during pregnancy, as well as previous mental health diagnoses any time prior to their last menstrual period were ascertained.
Data are reported as frequencies and percentages. Tests of trend were conducted to compare overall PHQ-9 screening rates, and rates of depression diagnoses across each of the three phases of the universal perinatal depression screening program (Pre-Implementation, Roll-Out and Fully-Implemented) while chi-square tests were used to compare PHQ-9 scores (<10, 10-14, 15+) and screening rates for each pregnancy and postpartum period (i.e., early pregnancy, late pregnancy, and postpartum). Treatment rates and type of treatment received were also compared across the three phases of the program, for all women with a depression diagnosis and separately for women with a PHQ-9 score of 15 or greater indicating moderately severe to severe depression. Additional analyses were conducted to address limitations in comparing the percentage of women receiving treatment across the phases including: 1) the increasing number of women in each phase, 2) under ascertainment of depression diagnoses prior to the screening program and thus a smaller number of women identified as needing treatment, 3) the potential that women diagnosed with depression prior to the screening program were more severe. Under the assumption that the screening program more accurately identified the true percentage of women with depression in the population, the percentage of women with depression in the Fully-Implemented phase was used to calculate the expected number women with depression in the other two phases. An expected percentage of treatment was then calculated using the observed number of women in treatment as the numerator and the expected number of women with a depression diagnosis in the denominator (Pre-Implementation and Roll-out Phases). This was conducted for both new depression diagnosis and new depression diagnosis and PHQ-9 score of 15 or greater. A Cochran-Armitage test for trend was conducted.
Improvement in depressive symptoms was assessed within each phase of the program through three metrics: 1) the percentage of women whose PHQ-9 score improved by 50% or more; 2) the percentage of women with a final PHQ-9 score less than 10; and 3) the percentage of women with a 5-point or greater drop in PHQ-9 score from the highest PHQ-9 to the final PHQ-9 score up to 180 days postpartum, which was considered to indicate clinical improvement19 (link),20 (link). Improvement in depressive symptoms was evaluated overall and separately for women with high severity (PHQ-9 score of 15 or greater).
Additional Chi-square analyses were conducted using the Fully-Implemented Phase to address potential bias. First we compared women in our sample to women excluded due to not having a prenatal or postpartum visit during all three time periods. Among women with a depression diagnosis or PHQ-9 scores of 15 or greater, we also compared those with a follow-up PHQ-9 to those without. Analyses were performed using SAS 9.3 (Cary, NC, USA; 2012).
Avalos L.A., Raine-Bennett T., Chen H., Adams A.S, & Flanagan T. (2016). Improved Perinatal Depression Screening, Treatment, and Outcomes With a Universal Obstetric Program. Obstetrics and gynecology, 127(5), 917-925.
Publication 2016
Acids Adult Amitriptyline Antidepressive Agents Atomoxetine Bupropion Childbirth Citalopram Clinical Reasoning Clomipramine Depressive Symptoms Desipramine Desvenlafaxine Diagnosis Doxepin Duloxetine Escitalopram Ethics Committees, Research Ethnicity Fluoxetine Fluvoxamine Glucola Hospitalization Hypersensitivity Imipramine Menstruation Mental Health Milnacipran Mirtazapine Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors Mothers nefazodone Nortriptyline Nurse Midwife Obstetric Delivery Office Visits Outpatients Paroxetine Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Phenelzine Physicians Population Programs Practitioner, Nurse Pregnancy Pregnant Women Protriptyline Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Sertraline SNRIs Symptom Assessment Tranylcypromine Trazodone Trimipramine Venlafaxine Vilazodone Woman

Most recents protocols related to «Atomoxetine»

1
Atomoxetine vs. Placebo for Daily Use
This review compared the use of a daily atomoxetine dose of 18 mg with placebo.
Jung Y.J., Kim A., Okamoto L.E, & Hong W.H. (2023). Effects of Atomoxetine for the Treatment of Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension in Patients With Alpha-synucleinopathies: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and a Focus-Group Discussion. Journal of Clinical Neurology (Seoul, Korea), 19(2), 165-173.
Publication 2023
Atomoxetine Placebos
2
Primary Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension
The included participants were adults older than 18 years and had a diagnosis of primary nOH. nOH is widely categorized into primary and secondary types.15 (link) Primary nOH is associated with underlying neurological disorders involving the autonomic nervous system, including PD, MSA, DLB, and PAF.15 (link) Secondary nOH is associated with spinal cord disorders and peripheral neuropathies such as amyloidosis and diabetes mellitus.15 (link) To exclude patients with secondary nOH, we obtained individual line-level data from the authors of the relevant studies, including all causes of nOH, and excluded any data related to secondary nOH. Bedridden patients and those with contraindications to atomoxetine (e.g., coronary artery disease, abnormal liver function, and narrow-angle glaucoma) were also excluded.
Jung Y.J., Kim A., Okamoto L.E, & Hong W.H. (2023). Effects of Atomoxetine for the Treatment of Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension in Patients With Alpha-synucleinopathies: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and a Focus-Group Discussion. Journal of Clinical Neurology (Seoul, Korea), 19(2), 165-173.
Publication 2023
Adult Angle Closure Glaucoma Atomoxetine Bedridden Persons Coronary Artery Disease Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis Familial Amyloid Neuropathy, Portuguese Type Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous System Disorder Patients Spinal Cord Diseases
3
Atomoxetine Therapy for Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension
Multiple comprehensive databases including MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and KoreaMed were searched for studies that evaluated the outcomes of atomoxetine therapy in patients diagnosed with nOH published up to September 2, 2020. Further screenings of ClinicalTrials.gov and conference proceedings were conducted to identify relevant literature. The search terms for each database are displayed in Supplementary Material 2 (in the online-only Data Supplement).
Jung Y.J., Kim A., Okamoto L.E, & Hong W.H. (2023). Effects of Atomoxetine for the Treatment of Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension in Patients With Alpha-synucleinopathies: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and a Focus-Group Discussion. Journal of Clinical Neurology (Seoul, Korea), 19(2), 165-173.
Publication 2023
Atomoxetine cDNA Library Dietary Supplements Patients Screening Therapeutics
4
Contraindications and Participant Screening for tDCS
Contraindications for tDCS treatment include patients with metal device implants (such as the cochlear implant, the artery clamp, and the pacemaker); history of brain trauma or cerebrovascular accident, intracranial hypertension, skull defects, epilepsy, and other serious neurological, circulatory, endocrine, and other physical diseases; audio-visual impairments and color blindness, color weakness, or narrow-angle glaucoma. The abovementioned contraindications were excluded by inquiring and collecting medical history, conducting an electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), cranial CT, and blood routine and biochemical examinations. All subjects were evaluated for no comorbidities of other mental disorders with validated screening and diagnostic instruments: DSM-5 and ICD-10, such as substance abuse/dependence, conduct disorders, personality disorders, autism, Tourette's disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Patients who had used any medication (methylphenidate, atomoxetine, etc.) in the past and recently to treat ADHD or who received other brain stimulation (transcranial magnetic stimulation, electroconvulsive shock, etc.) were also excluded.
To calculate the sample size, we used G*Power (37 (link)) with the following settings: effect size f = 0.25, α level = 0.05, power = 0.8, and correlation among repeated measures = 0.5. The minimum sample size was found to be n = 44. To prevent a potentially large number of dropouts, a total of 56 subjects were recruited, including 33 boys and 23 girls. A completely randomized experimental design was adopted, and the subjects were divided into two groups according to age through a random number table: the HD-tDCS group and the Sham group (Figure 1). A general information questionnaire was developed, including age, gender, educational years, whether the subject comes from a single-parent family, age of onset, and disease. Both the participants and their guardians were informed of this study, and signed informed consent was obtained. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhenjiang Mental Health Center. This trial was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines (38 (link)).
Wang Y.C., Liu J., Wu Y.C., Wei Y., Xie H.J., Zhang T, & Zhang Z. (2023). A randomized, sham-controlled trial of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation on the right orbital frontal cortex in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 987093.
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Publication 2023
Angle Closure Glaucoma Arteries Asthenia Atomoxetine Autistic Disorder Blindness, Color BLOOD Boys Brain Cardiovascular System Cerebrovascular Accident Conduct Disorder Cranium Diagnosis Disorder, Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Drug Abuse Electrocardiography Electroconvulsive Shock Electroencephalography Epilepsy Ethics Committees Gender Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome Implantations, Cochlear Legal Guardians Medical Devices Mental Disorders Mental Health Metals Methylphenidate Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Pacemaker, Artificial Cardiac Patients Personality Disorders Pharmaceutical Preparations Physical Examination Single-Parent Family Stimulation, Transcranial Magnetic Substance Abuse Substance Dependence System, Endocrine Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Traumatic Brain Injury Woman
5
In-vitro Drug Release of ATM-loaded SLNs
The in-vitro drug release of ATM-loaded SLNs was determined using a modified Franz diffusion cell. In simulated nasal conditions, the release rate of atomoxetine was investigated, and the percent of drug release after 30 min (Q30min) was determined. The semi-permeable cellulose membrane (Spectra/Pore dialysis membrane with a 12,000–14,000 molecular weight cutoff) was soaked in phosphate buffer solution (PH = 5.5) for 24 h at 25 °C before being used and attached between the donor and receptor compartments. In a donor compartment, 1 mL sample of the prepared ATM-loaded SLNs was inserted (equivalent to 18 mg of atomoxetine). The media was 100 mL phosphate buffer (pH 5.5) applied in the receptor compartment, with continuous stirring at 50 rpm with the aid of a magnetic stirrer at 37 °C. At predefined time intervals, 1 mL sample was collected and filtered using 0.45 syringe membrane filter paper, and the quantity of atomoxetine released was measured spectrophotometrically using UV spectrophotometer (UV-1601 PC spectrophotometer, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) at the predetermined λmax (270.5 nm). The samples were taken at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420 and 480 min and immediately replaced with a fresh phosphate buffer (PH 5.5) medium [19 (link),23 (link),56 ].
Teaima M.H., El-Nadi M.T., Hamed R.R., El-Nabarawi M.A, & Abdelmonem R. (2023). Lyophilized Nasal Inserts of Atomoxetine HCl Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Brain Targeting as a Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Pharmacokinetics Study on Rats. Pharmaceuticals, 16(2), 326.
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Publication 2023
Atomoxetine Buffers Cells Cellulose Dialysis Diffusion Drug Liberation Nose Diseases Permeability Phosphates Syringes Tissue, Membrane Tissue Donors

Top products related to «Atomoxetine»

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Atomoxetine by Merck Group
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2
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Sourced in United States
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Gbr12909 dihydrochloride by Bio-Techne
Sourced in United Kingdom
GBR12909 dihydrochloride is a selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor. It acts by blocking the dopamine transporter, which is responsible for the reuptake of dopamine in the synaptic cleft. This product is intended for research use only and its specific applications should be evaluated by the user.
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D amphetamine by Bio-Techne
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Hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in Belgium
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Glycerol phosphate by Merck Group
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Glycerol phosphate is a chemical compound that is commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a salt formed by the combination of glycerol and phosphoric acid. Glycerol phosphate serves as a substrate in various biochemical reactions and is often used in the study of cellular metabolism and energy production.
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Strattera by Eli Lilly
Strattera is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Eli Lilly. It is designed to perform specific functions in a research or analytical setting. The core function of Strattera is to provide precise and reliable measurements or data analysis, supporting various scientific applications.
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Phoenix winnonlin version 6 by Pharsight
Sourced in United States
Phoenix WinNonlin version 6.3 is a software application for nonlinear regression analysis and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling. It provides tools for data visualization, model building, and parameter estimation from experimental data.
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Dexamethasone (dex) by Merck Group
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Atomoxetine by Eli Lilly
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Atomoxetine is a chemical compound used for the manufacture of pharmaceutical products. It is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) that can be used as a component in the production of various medications. The core function of atomoxetine is to serve as a raw material in the development of therapeutic formulations.

More about "Atomoxetine"

Atomoxetine is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) that is commonly used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, adolescents, and adults.
This medication works by increasing the availability of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine in the brain, which can help improve focus, concentration, and impulse control.
Atomoxetine, also known by the brand name Strattera, is typically well-tolerated, with common side effects including dry mouth, decreased appetite, and sleep disturbances.
Researchers can utilize PubCompare.ai's cutting-edge AI platform to streamlie their Atomoxetine studies, quickly identify relevant protocols and products, and optimze their research effeciently.
The GBR12909 dihydrochloride and D-amphetamine are related compounds that may also be of interest in ADHD research.
Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and Glycerol phosphate are excipients that can be used in formulating Atomoxetine and other drug products.
Phoenix WinNonlin version 6.3 is a software tool that can be used for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of Atomoxetine and other drugs.
Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid that may interact with Atomoxetine or be used in combination therapy.
Researchers can leverage PubCompare.ai's AI-powered solutions to streamline their Atomoxetine studies, quickly identify relevant protocols and products, and optimize their research efficiency.
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