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Auranofin

Auranofin is a gold-containing compound used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
It is belived to work by modulating the immune response and reducing inflammation.
Auranofin has also been investigated for its potential anti-cancer and anti-viral properties.
Researchers can optimize their Auranofin studies by utilizing PubCompare.ai, an AI-powered tool that locates the best protocols from published literature, preprints, and patents.
This enhances reproducibility and accuracy, ensuring the most effective results in Auranofin research.
Experence the power of PubCompare.ai to take your Auranofin studies to new heights.

Most cited protocols related to «Auranofin»

1
Mitochondrial H2O2 Emission Assay
Cited 8 times

Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions

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Publication 2018
Auranofin Biological Assay Buffers Creatine Fluorescence Horseradish Peroxidase Mitochondria Peroxide, Hydrogen Phosphocreatine Respiratory Rate
2
Schistosomula Viability Assay Protocol
Cited 8 times
Auranofin, gambogic acid (GA), disulfiram, menadione, oltipraz, parthenolide, plumbagin from Plumbago indica, PZQ, thonzonium bromide, sanguinarine chloride hydrate, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), percoll and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were from Sigma-Aldrich. The Ro 15–5458 compound was a kind gift from Dr H. Stohler (Hoffman-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland) and oxamniquine was provided by Pfizer, London. Drugs were dissolved in DMSO to obtain stock solutions at 10 mM and were then diluted into culture medium. CellTiter-Glo (CTG) reagent, used in the schistosomula viability luminescence-based assay, and CellTox green dye, used in the schistosomula staining, were from Promega. BioWhittaker Dulbecco-Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) lacking phenol red and containing 4500 mg/l glucose, 1 mM Hepes pH 6.98–7.30, 2 mM L-glutamine, 1x antibiotic-antimycotic reagent (Life Technologies) and 10% heat inactivated FBS, was used as tissue culture medium for schistosomula. Adult worms were cultured in BioWhittaker DMEM containing 4500 mg/l glucose, 2 mM L-glutamine, 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 μg/ml streptomycin, 0.5 μg/ml amphothericin B and 10% heat inactivated FBS.
Lalli C., Guidi A., Gennari N., Altamura S., Bresciani A, & Ruberti G. (2015). Development and Validation of a Luminescence-based, Medium-Throughput Assay for Drug Screening in Schistosoma mansoni. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 9(1), e0003484.
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Publication 2015
Adult Antibiotics Auranofin Culture Media Disulfiram Eagle Fetal Bovine Serum gambogic acid Glucose Glutamine Helminths HEPES Luminescent Measurements oltipraz Oxamniquine parthenolide Penicillins Percoll Pharmaceutical Preparations plumbagin Plumbago Promega Ro 15-5458 sanguinarine chloride Streptomycin Sulfoxide, Dimethyl thonzonium bromide Tissues Vitamin K3
3
Characterizing RA Treatment Patterns
Cited 8 times
We extracted the following information from the VA databases: rehabilitation visits (physical and occupational therapy), rheumatology visits, plain radiographs (hand, wrist, foot, ankle and cervical spine), extra-articular manifestations (pulmonary, soft tissue nodules, Felty's syndrome and Sjogren's syndrome), number of inflammatory marker (CRP and ESR) tests, number of platelet counts and chemistry panels ordered, rheumatoid factor testing, joint surgery (hand, wrist, knee, foot, ankle, elbow, cervical spine and shoulder) and DMARD use. The administrative study data period included both the one-year (1 July 1999 to 29 June 2000) and two-year (1 July 1 1998 to 29 June 2000) period before the one-year chart review study period.
Each physical therapy and occupational therapy visit was counted as a rehabilitation visit. Tests for CRP and ESR were aggregated into one category. Tests performed on the same day counted as separate tests. The number of hand, wrist, foot, ankle and cervical spine radiographs were also added together into one category. Three methods were used to count the number of prescriptions in a given year. First, we counted the total number of prescriptions (including repeat prescriptions) for the following 10 medications: auranofin, aurothioglucose, azathioprine, cyclosporine, etanercept (Enbrel, Amgen), hydroxychloroquine, infliximab (Remicade, Centocor), leflunomide, methotrexate and sulfasalazine (adalimumab, abatacept and rituximab were not yet available for RA). For the second method, prescriptions for each DMARD were counted once and added to obtain the total number of different DMARDs. For the third method, synthetic DMARDs and biological DMARDs were counted separately. Prescription for each type of DMARD was counted only once and then added together to obtain the total number of different synthetic DMARDs and biological DMARDs.
Ting G., Schneeweiss S., Scranton R., Katz J.N., Weinblatt M.E., Young M., Avorn J, & Solomon D.H. (2008). Development of a health care utilisation data-based index for rheumatoid arthritis severity: a preliminary study. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 10(4), R95.
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Publication 2008
Abatacept Adalimumab Ankle Antirheumatic Drugs, Disease-Modifying Auranofin Aurothioglucose Azathioprine Biopharmaceuticals Cervical Vertebrae Comprehensive Metabolic Panel Cyclosporine Elbow Enbrel Etanercept Felty Syndrome Foot Hydroxychloroquine Inflammation Infliximab Joints Knee Joint Leflunomide Methotrexate Operative Surgical Procedures Pharmaceutical Preparations Physical Examination Platelet Counts, Blood Rehabilitation Remicade Rheumatoid Factor Rituximab Shoulder Sjogren's Syndrome Sulfasalazine Therapies, Occupational Therapy, Physical Tissues Wrist Joint X-Rays, Diagnostic
4
Pathogen Box Screening Protocol
Cited 7 times
Calcofluor White Stain, a premixed CF (Fluorescent Brightener 28) and EB dye, was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Mo, USA). CF and EB were from Sigma-Aldrich and Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan), respectively. N-Lauroylsarcosine sodium salt (>94.0% purity) was from Sigma-Aldrich.
Lactacystin (>94.2% purity) and polyoxin D (>94.5% purity) were purchased from Biolinks Co. Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan) and Kaken Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan), respectively, whereas metronidazole (>98.0% purity) and paromomycin (>98.0% purity) were both from Sigma-Aldrich. All four compounds were dissolved in sterilized water, respectively, at 1, 10, 50, and 50 mM as the stock solutions. Aliquots of 50 μL were stored at −30°C, and freeze-thaw cycles were less than two before use.
The Pathogen Box, 400 compounds exhibiting diverse scaffolds, was provided by MMV (https://www.pathogenbox.org/); each compound was dissolved in DMSO at 10 mM and distributed into individual wells of 96-well plates (10 μL/compound and 80 compounds/plate). Ninety microliters of DMSO were then added to each well and then 10 replicates were made (10 μL aliquots of all the compounds' stocks at 1 mM) and stored at −30°C. When needed, a set of replicates covering all 400 compounds (10 μL aliquoted at 1 mM each) was thawed, and 1 μL for the trophozoite proliferation assay and 2.4 μL for the cyst formation assay was dispensed into wells of a 96-well culture plate to make a replicate. Auranofin (>98% purity) (which is identified as E-H-05 in the Pathogen Box) was also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, dissolved in DMSO to 10 mM and dispensed into 50 μL aliquots for storage at −30°C.
Mi-ichi F., Miyake Y., Tam V.K, & Yoshida H. (2018). A Flow Cytometry Method for Dissecting the Cell Differentiation Process of Entamoeba Encystation. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 8, 250.
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Publication 2018
Auranofin Biological Assay calcofluor white Cyst DNA Replication Freezing lactacystin Metronidazole Paromomycin Pathogenicity Pharmaceutical Preparations polyoxorim sodium lauroyl sarcosinate Stains Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Trophozoite
5
Screening of FDA-approved compounds against Brugia
Cited 7 times
Adult female and male Brugia (B. malayi and B. pahangi) were shipped from TRS Labs Inc., Athens, GA and assayed using methods described by Marcellino et al. (2012) [12 (link)]. Individual females were placed in each well of a 24-well plate with media (RPMI-1640 with 25 mM HEPES, 2.0 g/L NaHCO3, 5% heat inactivated FBS, and 1X Antibiotic/Antimycotic solution). Excess media was removed from plates using a Biomek FxP, leaving 500 μL of media per well. Initial screening of a library of FDA-approved compounds, compiled by the Small Molecule Discovery Center at the University of California San Francisco, was conducted at 10 μM per compound, and 1% DMSO was used as a negative control. All drugs including auranofin (Enzo Life Sciences, Farmingdale, NY) were dissolved in DMSO (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and 10 mM stock solutions were stored at -20°C. Four worms were used as replicates for each concentration and worm plates were kept in a 37°C, 5% CO2 incubator for four days. Auranofin was also tested against male Brugia worms under the same conditions after initial screening against female Brugia revealed its high level of inhibitory activity.
To determine the effect of a compound on worm motility, individual worm movements were counted as the number of pixels displaced per second by each worm in each well using the Worminator. Each plate of worms was video recorded for approximately 60 seconds, and mean movement units (MMUs) were determined for individual worms. Percent inhibition of motility was calculated by dividing the MMUs of the treated worms by the control average MMUs, subtracting the value from 1.0, flooring the values to zero and multiplying by 100%. Videos were recorded for 4 days, including the first day of the assay (Day 0). IC50 determinations were conducted at 10 μM, 3 μM, 1 μM, 0.3 μM, 0.1 μM and 0.03 μM, with 1% DMSO used as a control. IC50 assays were repeated at the same concentrations and at six point, three-fold dilutions from 1 μM to 0.003 μM or 3 μM to 0.001 μM to ensure that activity was consistent between assays. Prism 4.0 was used to calculate IC50 values using a non-linear regression curve fit. The means of all IC50s with R2 values greater than or equal to 0.7 are reported.
Bulman C.A., Bidlow C.M., Lustigman S., Cho-Ngwa F., Williams D., Rascón, Jr A.A., Tricoche N., Samje M., Bell A., Suzuki B., Lim K.C., Supakorndej N., Supakorndej P., Wolfe A.R., Knudsen G.M., Chen S., Wilson C., Ang K.H., Arkin M., Gut J., Franklin C., Marcellino C., McKerrow J.H., Debnath A, & Sakanari J.A. (2015). Repurposing Auranofin as a Lead Candidate for Treatment of Lymphatic Filariasis and Onchocerciasis. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 9(2), e0003534.
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Publication 2015
5-hydroxyethoxy-N-acetyltryptamine Antibiotics Auranofin Bicarbonate, Sodium Biological Assay Brugia cDNA Library Females Helminths HEPES Males Motility, Cell Movement Neoplasm Metastasis Pharmaceutical Preparations prisma Psychological Inhibition Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Technique, Dilution Woman

Most recents protocols related to «Auranofin»

1
Auranofin Metabolism in Liver Microsomes
Auranofin (1 μM) was incubated with liver microsomes from human or mouse (0.5 mg/ml) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer. The amount of auranofin remaining after 30 min incubation at 37 °C was determined using LC–MS/MS (Triple Quad 5500, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA).
Kim H.Y., Otgontenger U., Kim J.W., Lee Y.J., Kim S.B., Lim S.C., Kim Y.M, & Kang K.W. (2023). Anti-fibrotic effect of aurocyanide, the active metabolite of auranofin. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 46(3), 149-159.
Publication 2023
Auranofin Buffers Homo sapiens Mice, House Microsomes, Liver Phosphates Tandem Mass Spectrometry
2
Synthesis and Evaluation of Auranofin Metabolites
Aurocyanide (Gold(I) potassium cyanide) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA). l-thio-3-D-glucopyranosato-(triethylphosphine) gold(I) (M1) was synthesized from chloro(triethylphosphine) gold(I) and the thiosugar. Other proposed metabolites of auranofin (M2-M6) were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Recombinant human transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was supplied by PeproTech (Cranbury, NJ, USA). TAA, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Kim H.Y., Otgontenger U., Kim J.W., Lee Y.J., Kim S.B., Lim S.C., Kim Y.M, & Kang K.W. (2023). Anti-fibrotic effect of aurocyanide, the active metabolite of auranofin. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 46(3), 149-159.
Publication 2023
Adenosine Triphosphate Auranofin Gold gold cyanide Homo sapiens Lipopolysaccharides Potassium Cyanide TGF-beta1 Thiosugars
3
Glutamate Measurement in BMDMs
BMDMs were incubated in phenol red free-medium. The glutamate level was measured after 3 h incubation with auranofin metabolites, using the Amplex® Red glutamate assay kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). According to the manufacturer’s instruction, the glutamate concentrations of the medium were measured by a fluorescence microplate reader (SpectraMAXi3x, Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA, USA).
Kim H.Y., Otgontenger U., Kim J.W., Lee Y.J., Kim S.B., Lim S.C., Kim Y.M, & Kang K.W. (2023). Anti-fibrotic effect of aurocyanide, the active metabolite of auranofin. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 46(3), 149-159.
Publication 2023
Auranofin Biological Assay Fluorescence Glutamate Medical Devices
4
Auranofin and Aurocyanide Pharmacokinetics
Blood samples were taken at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after oral administration of auranofin or aurocyanide (Ott Joslin 2009 (link)). 20 μl of plasma samples were added to 180 μl of acetonitrile containing internal standard, vortexed for 5 min at 15,000 rpm. The supernatants were subjected to LC–MS/MS (Triple Quad 5500, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). Phoenix WinNonlin 6.4 version program (Pharsight Corporation, Mountain View, CA, USA) and non-compartmental analysis model were used for the calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters.
Kim H.Y., Otgontenger U., Kim J.W., Lee Y.J., Kim S.B., Lim S.C., Kim Y.M, & Kang K.W. (2023). Anti-fibrotic effect of aurocyanide, the active metabolite of auranofin. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 46(3), 149-159.
Publication 2023
acetonitrile Administration, Oral Auranofin BLOOD gold cyanide Plasma Tandem Mass Spectrometry
5
Hepatic Fibrosis Induction and Pharmacokinetic Study
Male BALB/c mice were purchased from SLC Inc. (Kotoh-cho, Japan). BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg/kg of TAA for 8 weeks, twice a week to induce hepatic fibrosis. The mice were acclimatized for one week prior to experiment and were housed in groups of 3–5 at a temperature of 21 ± 2 °C and 50 ± 5% humidity with a 12 h light/dark cycle.
Seven or eight-week-old ICR mice were purchased from OrientBio Inc. (Siheung, Korea) for the pharmacokinetic study. Mice had free access to food and water. On the experiment day, the mice were fasted for 16 h before oral administration of auranofin or aurocyanide. The animal handlings and experimental procedures were approved by IACUC (Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, SNU-190924-6 and DGMIF-19071401-00).
Kim H.Y., Otgontenger U., Kim J.W., Lee Y.J., Kim S.B., Lim S.C., Kim Y.M, & Kang K.W. (2023). Anti-fibrotic effect of aurocyanide, the active metabolite of auranofin. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 46(3), 149-159.
Publication 2023
Administration, Oral Animals Auranofin Fibrosis, Liver Food gold cyanide Humidity Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Males Mice, House Mice, Inbred BALB C Mice, Inbred ICR

Top products related to «Auranofin»

1
Auranofin by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany
Auranofin is a laboratory product manufactured by the Merck Group. It is a gold-containing compound used in research applications.
2
Auranofin by Enzo Life Sciences
Sourced in Israel
Auranofin is a gold-containing compound used as a laboratory reagent. It functions as an inhibitor of certain enzymes and proteins.
3
Auranofin by Santa Cruz Biotechnology
Sourced in United States
Auranofin is a gold-containing compound developed and manufactured by Santa Cruz Biotechnology for use in laboratory research. It is a crystalline solid with a molecular formula of C20H34AuNO4PS. Auranofin acts as an inhibitor of various enzymes and cellular processes, but its specific core function is not provided in order to maintain an unbiased and factual approach.
4
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe, France, Macao, India, Canada, Switzerland, Japan, Australia, Spain, Poland, Belgium, Brazil, Czechia, Portugal, Austria, Denmark, Israel, Sweden, Ireland, Hungary, Mexico, Netherlands, Singapore, Indonesia, Slovakia, Cameroon, Norway, Thailand, Chile, Finland, Malaysia, Latvia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Pakistan, Uruguay, Bangladesh
DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
5
Auranofin by Cayman Chemical
Sourced in United States
Auranofin is a chemical compound used in research and laboratory settings. It is a gold-containing compound with potential pharmaceutical applications. The core function of Auranofin is to serve as a tool for researchers to investigate its properties and potential uses, without making claims about its intended use.
6
Rpmi 1640 medium by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, China, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, France, Canada, Australia, Italy, Switzerland, Belgium, New Zealand, Spain, Israel, Sweden, Denmark, Macao, Brazil, Ireland, India, Austria, Netherlands, Holy See (Vatican City State), Poland, Norway, Cameroon, Hong Kong, Morocco, Singapore, Thailand, Argentina, Taiwan, Province of China, Palestine, State of, Finland, Colombia, United Arab Emirates
RPMI 1640 medium is a commonly used cell culture medium developed at Roswell Park Memorial Institute. It is a balanced salt solution that provides essential nutrients, vitamins, and amino acids to support the growth and maintenance of a variety of cell types in vitro.
7
Auranofin by Chem-Impex
Sourced in United States
Auranofin is a laboratory product that functions as an organogold compound. It is used in research applications.
8
60 mm culture dishes by BD
Sourced in United States
60 mm culture dishes are circular petri dishes with a diameter of 60 millimeters. They are designed to provide a controlled environment for the growth and observation of cell cultures or other biological specimens.
9
Antimycin by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
Antimycin is a laboratory product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a respiratory inhibitor that functions by interfering with the electron transport chain in mitochondria. The core function of Antimycin is to disrupt cellular respiration.
10
Auranofin by Bio-Techne
Sourced in United Kingdom
Auranofin is a gold-containing compound used in laboratory research. It functions as an inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase, an enzyme involved in cellular redox processes.

More about "Auranofin"

Auranofin is a gold-containing compound that has been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.
It is believed to work by modulating the immune response and reducing inflammation.
This compound has also been investigated for its potential anti-cancer and anti-viral properties.
Researchers can optimize their Auranofin studies by utilizing PubCompare.ai, an AI-powered tool that locates the best protocols from published literature, preprints, and patents.
This enhances reproducibility and accuracy, ensuring the most effective results in Auranofin research.
Auranofin is a member of the family of gold-containing compounds, which have been used for decades in the treatment of rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
These compounds, including aurothiomalate and aurothioglucose, are known as disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs).
Auranofin, in particular, has been shown to be effective in reducing inflammation and modulating the immune response, making it a valuable treatment option for patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
In addition to its use in rheumatoid arthritis, Auranofin has also been investigated for its potential anti-cancer and anti-viral properties.
Researchers have explored the use of Auranofin in various cancer models, including leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumors, as well as in viral infections, such as HIV and SARS-CoV-2.
These studies have shown promising results, suggesting that Auranofin may have broader therapeutic applications beyond its traditional use in rheumatoid arthritis.
To enhance the effectiveness of Auranofin research, researchers can utilize the PubCompare.ai tool.
This AI-powered platform helps researchers locate the best protocols from published literature, preprints, and patents, which can improve the reproducibility and accuracy of their studies.
By accessing a comprehensive database of Auranofin-related protocols, researchers can ensure that they are using the most effective and up-to-date methods, ultimately leading to more reliable and impactful results.
When conducting Auranofin research, researchers may also need to work with other compounds, such as DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), RPMI 1640 medium, and antimycin.
DMSO is a commonly used solvent for Auranofin, while RPMI 1640 medium is a widely used cell culture medium.
Antimycin, on the other hand, is a compound that has been used to study the mitochondrial effects of Auranofin.
By understanding the properties and applications of these related compounds, researchers can further optimize their Auranofin studies and enhance their understanding of this versatile and promising therapeutic agent.
Experence the power of PubCompare.ai to take your Auranofin studies to new heights and unlock the full potential of this fascinating compound.