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Beta-Glucans

Beta-glucans are a type of polysaccharide found in the cell walls of certain fungi, yeasts, and bacteria.
These complex carbohydrates have garnered attention for their potential health benefits, including immune system support and cholesterol management.
Researchers can now optimize their beta-glucan studies using PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven platform that streamlines literature reviews, identifies the most effective research protocols, and compares products to make informed decisions.
Explore a wealth of peer-reviewed articles, preprints, and patents to uncover the latest insights and innovations in this dynamic field of study.

Most cited protocols related to «Beta-Glucans»

Screening of Basidiomycota Strains for Mushroom Production

Cited 4 times

The biological material evaluated for the purposes of this study consisted of 29 strains assigned to six species of Basidiomycota, i.e., Pleurotus ostreatus, P. eryngii, P. nebrodensis, P. citrinopileatus, Hericium erinaceus and Cyclocybe cylindracea. All strains, with the exception of P. ostreatus strain CS, P. citrinopileatus CS and P. nebrodensis UPA 6, were isolated in Greece in the frame of an ongoing investigation on the mushroom diversity. Pure cultures are maintained in the fungal Culture Collection of the Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology (Agricultural University of Athens, Greece).
Among the strains examined, 14 were assessed for the first time with respect to mushroom production performance and glucans content, while the rest were evaluated in the frame of previous pertinent studies [13 (link),30 ,31 (link),32 (link)]. Mushroom cultivation was conducted in substrates consisting of wheat straw (WS) or beech sawdust (BS), and in their mixtures in various ratios (w/w f.w.) with grape marc (GM) or olive prunings (OLPR), and of olive leaves (OL) with two-phase olive-mill waste (TPOMW) (Supplementary Table S1). Prior to cultivation, cereal grain spawn was prepared as previously described [57 (link)]. Polypropylene autoclavable bags were then filled with 1 kg of the substrate (moisture content ranging from 50% to 68%) and sterilised at 121 °C (1.1 atmospheres) for 1 h. Substrates were then inoculated with spawn at a rate of 5% w/w, in four replicates per substrate/strain combination. Incubation of cultures and mushroom production was performed in special cultivation chambers as previously described [32 (link)]. Six to ten weeks were required to complete the cultivation cycle (including two production flushes) depending on the combination of substrate and fungal strain, while at the end of the cultivation period, the mushroom yield was measured and expressed as biological efficiency (defined as the ratio of mushrooms’ fresh weight to the substrates’ dry weight). In addition, productivity, expressed as the ratio of the biological efficiency value obtained over the time length (in days) of the respective cultivation period, was also calculated.
Harvested mushrooms were freeze-dried, ground to a particle size less than 2 mm and stored at −20 °C prior to analyses. The determination of mushrooms’ content in total and α-glucans was conducted using the Mushroom and Yeast Beta-Glucan assay kit (Megazyme Int., Bray, Ireland), while the β-glucan content was calculated as the difference between the total and α-glucans.

Boulaka A., Christodoulou P., Vlassopoulou M., Koutrotsios G., Bekiaris G., Zervakis G.I., Mitsou E.K., Saxami G., Kyriacou A., Zervou M., Georgiadis P, & Pletsa V. (2020). Genoprotective Properties and Metabolites of β-Glucan-Rich Edible Mushrooms Following Their In Vitro Fermentation by Human Faecal Microbiota. Molecules, 25(15), 3554.

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Publication 2020

Agaricales Atmosphere Basidiomycota Beech beta-Glucans Biological Assay Biopharmaceuticals CCL7 protein, human Cereals Cyclocybe cylindracea Flushing Freezing Glucans Grapes Hericium erinaceus Olea europaea Pleurotus ostreatus Polypropylenes Reading Frames Strains Triticum aestivum Yeast, Dried

Beta-glucan Modulation of TNBS-Induced Colitis

Cited 2 times

The experiment was performed on adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 150) purchased from Charles River Laboratories (Sulzfeld, Germany). After one week of acclimatization to the animal house conditions (temperature 22 ± 1 °C, relative humidity 50 ± 5%, light/dark cycle 12/12 h, air exchange 15/hour, individual cages), the rats were divided into two groups—an experimental (colitis group—C) with colitis induced after rectal administration of 2,4,6,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid alcohol solution (TNBS) and a control, healthy group (H), which was given 0.9% NaCl the same way. Animals in both groups were then divided into 3 nutritional subgroups, each of which received for 3, 7 or 21 days a different feed composition—AIN-93M with 1% (w/w) low molar mass oat beta-glucan (βGl+), AIN-93M with 1% (w/w) high molar mass oat beta-glucan (βGh+) and AIN-93M without beta-glucan (βG−). This formed 18 groups of 8 or 9 rats each (Figure 1). Feed intake was controlled every 2 days by calculating the standardized intake (g/day/100 g rat body weight). Body weight gain was measured every 7 days; therefore this measurement did not include groups fed specific diets for 3 days. The detailed description of the method of beta-glucans extraction from oats as well as the composition of the three types of animal feed used in this study are described in our previous article [18 (link)]. A schematic description of the stages of obtaining beta-glucans and their chemical structure is given in Supplementary Materials Figure S1.
After 3, 7 or 21 days of feeding with experimental feed or control feed, the rats in deep isoflurane anesthesia were bleed from the heart. All procedures were approved by the II Local Ethical Committee in Warsaw (Resolution No. 60/2015) in accordance with the Polish law and 3R principles (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement).

Kopiasz Ł., Dziendzikowska K., Gajewska M., Wilczak J., Harasym J., Żyła E., Kamola D., Oczkowski M., Królikowski T, & Gromadzka-Ostrowska J. (2020). Time-Dependent Indirect Antioxidative Effects of Oat Beta-Glucans on Peripheral Blood Parameters in the Animal Model of Colon Inflammation. Antioxidants, 9(5), 375.

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Publication 2020

Acclimatization Adult Anesthesia Animal Diseases Animals beta-Glucans Body Weight Colitis Diet Ethanol Feed Intake Heart Humidity Isoflurane Males Molar Normal Saline oat beta-glucan Oats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Rattus norvegicus Rivers Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid

Mushroom Glucans and Ergosterol Analysis

Cited 2 times

The determination of the mushrooms’ total and α-glucans content was performed by the Mushroom and Yeast Beta-Glucan assay kit (Megazyme Int., Bray, Ireland) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, while the β-glucans content was calculated by subtracting α-glucans from the total glucans. Light absorbance was measured at 510 nm using a Hitachi U-2001 spectrophotometer (Hitachi High-Tech America, Inc.; Schaumburg, IL, USA).
The mushrooms’ ergosterol content was determined as described by Sapozhnikova et al. [34 (link)]. Cholesterol (100 μg/mL, internal standard) was added in 100–200 mg of the freeze-dried mushroom sample and saponified with 2 mL of potassium hydroxide (3M) in methanol under sonication (10 min) and heating (60 °C, 60 min). All manipulations were performed under reduced light conditions to avoid the potential conversion of ergosterol to vitamin D₂. The un-saponified fraction was extracted twice with 3 mL of hexane. Hexane extracts were then pooled and evaporated to dryness (Speed Vac, Labconco Corporation, Kansas City, MO, USA). Sterols were derivatized to trimethylsilylethers (TMS) with N,O-Bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) at 70 °C for 20 min, and 1 μL aliquots were injected in the gas chromatographer (Agilent HP GC 6890 N; Wallborn, Germany) coupled with a mass spectrometer (Agilent HP 5973; Wallborn, Germany) at a split ratio of 5:1. The analysis of the TMS sterol derivatives was carried out under electron impact ionization (70 eV) and separated by an Agilent J&W HP-5ms capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 250 μm) with a carrier gas flow rate equal to 0.6 mL/min (high-purity He). The injector and MS detector transfer line were kept at 220 °C and 300 °C. The oven temperature was set initially at 210 °C, raised to 300 °C at 5.5 °C/min, and held for 14 min. The identity of ergosterol was verified by the presence of expected ion fragments at the proper ratios according to literature [35 (link),36 (link)]. Ergosterol quantification was performed by constructing a 6-point calibration curve, covering the range 0–600 μg, and by employing cholesterol as an internal standard.

Bekiaris G., Tagkouli D., Koutrotsios G., Kalogeropoulos N, & Zervakis G.I. (2020). Pleurotus Mushrooms Content in Glucans and Ergosterol Assessed by ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis. Foods, 9(4), 535.

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Publication 2020

Agaricales ARID1A protein, human beta-Glucans Biological Assay Capillaries Cholesterol derivatives Electrons Ergocalciferol Ergosterol Freezing Glucans Light Methanol N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide n-hexane Phytosterols potassium hydroxide Sterols trifluoroacetamide Yeast, Dried

Fluorescent Cell Wall Staining

Cited 2 times

Yeast cells were collected by centrifugation (900 g, 2 min, 20°C) and suspended in 200–300 μl phosphate buffered saline (PBS; 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 10 mM Na₂HPO₄, 1.8 mM KH₂PO₄, pH 7.4) to OD₆₀₀ = 1. TB was added to the cells in the tube or directly on the slide at a final concentration of 10 μg ml⁻¹. Staining can be considered immediate, i.e., no incubation time is required. Additional washing steps after staining, including the resuspension in PBS and centrifugation repeated up to 3 times, were found to have minimal effect on the level of background fluorescence. Therefore, washing of cells after staining was generally omitted. Staining with CFW was performed similarly using a final concentration of 100 μg ml⁻¹. Pontamine Fast Scarlet 4BS (Aldrich Rare Chemicals Library) was added to cell cultures 20 min before harvesting at concentrations up to 1 mg ml⁻¹. Propidium iodide, used for vitality tests, was directly added to cells on the slide to a final concentration of 1 μg ml⁻¹. Before imaging, cells were allowed to settle for 1 min before applying the cover slip. Standard microscopy glass slides and cover slips were used.
For the analysis of staining specificity, commercially available extracts of various cell wall components were tested. Powders, specified as high purity by the supplier, of chitin from shrimp shells (Sigma, Product number C9752), glucan “from baker's yeast” (Sigma, G5011), xyloglucan from tamarind (Megazyme, 95% purity, P-XYGLN), beta glucans from barley (Megazyme, 95% purity, P-BGBM), esterified pectin from citrus (Sigma, 85% esterified, P9561), CM-cellulose (Megazyme, S-ACMC), Polygalacturonic acid (Megazyme, >95% purity, P-PGACT) and xylan from beechwood (Sigma, >90% xylose residues, X4252) were used. The components were dissolved at a concentration of 0.5% (w/v) in water or 5N NaOH in case of chitin and the glucans. Chitin required 30 min incubation at 98°C to dissolve.
To test the fluorescence staining of the different cell wall components in powder form several microgram of powder were deposited on a slide and stained by adding 15 μl of 10 μg ml⁻¹ TB in PBS and a coverslip before analysis on a confocal microscope.

Liesche J., Marek M, & Günther-Pomorski T. (2015). Cell wall staining with Trypan blue enables quantitative analysis of morphological changes in yeast cells. Frontiers in Microbiology, 6, 107.

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Publication 2015

beta-Glucans Cell Culture Techniques Cell Extracts Cells Cellulose Cell Wall Centrifugation Chitin citrus pectin Fluorescence Glucans Hordeum vulgare Microscopy Microscopy, Confocal Phosphates polygalacturonic acid Powder Propidium Iodide Saccharomyces cerevisiae Saline Solution Sodium Chloride Tamarindus indica Xylans xyloglucan Xylose Yeast, Dried

Functional Foods for Cardiometabolic Health

Cited 2 times

Participants ate their habitual diet before and between the experimental periods. A dietary habit questionnaire completed before randomization to the starting dietary treatment was used to help the participants to resume their eating habits during the washout period. To ensure good compliance the participants were provided with a detailed 2-wk rotating menu plan for each dietary period (AD and CD) with all foods ingredients expressed in weight and/or volume measures. Electronic self-taring scales were made available whenever needed. The menu plan also included recipes for preparing meals.
The nutritional profiles of CD and AD are shown in Table 2. Both diets were designed in close agreement with the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations [22 ] and supplied 2,500-2,600 Kcal/d for men and 2,000-2,100 Kcal/d for women, combining foods from plant and animal origin. Both diets incorporated commercial foods available in food stores, but the AD also included prototypes. For a detailed list of products included in AD see additional file 1.
AD combined several functional concepts with potential to modulate different physiological variables related to the inflammatory tonus and cardiometabolic risk, including:
a) food items naturally rich in antioxidants which, in addition to the anti-inflammatory action of their antioxidants [16 (link)], contain phenolics that may improve BP and blood lipids [23 (link)-25 (link)].
b) omega-3 fatty acids, especially those long-chained present in oily fish, which have antiinflammatory and triglyceride-lowering properties [17 (link),26 (link)]. In addition, the overall fat quality was also a concept included in the diet design. Thus, the unsaturated-to-saturated fat ratio was larger in AD than in CD (3.6 vs 1.2, respectively; Table 2).
c) ingredients with potential to beneficially affect the gut microbiota: a probiotic strain (Lactobacillus plantarum Heal19, DSM 15313) [18 (link)], and prebiotics, i.e. beta-glucans and resistant starch [19 (link),20 (link)] in intact barley kernels, whole kernel rye flour and isolated barley fiber, which were used for baking an experimental beta-glucan-rich bread. Additional sources of viscous fermentable dietary fibre were a prototype oat-based fiber drink, a rye/oat breakfast cereal and an oat-based muesli.
d) low glycemic impact foods/meals were included for their association with reduced risk for the MetS [27 (link)] and Type-2 diabetes [28 ], and its perceived ability to ameliorate the inflammatory tonus in healthy individuals [29 (link)]. Low GI foods were represented by products with high beta-glucan content which, besides their prebiotic role, may improve glycemic regulation in a 10-h post-ingestion perspective, through mechanisms related to colonic fermentation and lowered inflammatory tonus [20 (link),21 (link)]. AD also included another high-fibre bread, baked from a wheat flour/guar gum blend: This item promotes a low glycemic response, with reduced peak and prolonged duration of net increment above fasting glucose levels (A. Nilsson, K. Radeborg et al., unpublished results). Additionally, AD included ingredients that lower the post-meal glycemic excursion, such as whey protein and vinegar [14 (link),15 (link)].
e) ingredients with acknowledged abilities to normalize blood levels of both total and LDL cholesterol were also provided: different soybean products, a margarine enriched in stanol esters and dry almonds [4 (link),12 (link),30 (link)-32 (link)].
The mean daily quantities of the different functional ingredients in AD and the main functional properties considered for their selection are summarized in Table 3. None of the active ingredients were included in the CD, except for minor amounts of ω-3 fatty acids.
Participants were provided with a 14-day rotating menu plan. For representative 1-day menu plans for the CD and AD see additional file 2. A limited amount of alcohol-containing drinks were allowed during both dietary periods (30 and 37 g ethanol/wk for women and men, respectively). These limits, however, did not compel low-drinkers to increase their habitual alcohol consumption. Due to the low overall energy contribution from such contingent alcoholic drinks, they were not included in the estimation of the energy content of diets. The volunteers' coffee and tea drinking habits were not modified during the trial.

Tovar J., Nilsson A., Johansson M., Ekesbo R., Åberg A.M., Johansson U, & Björck I. (2012). A diet based on multiple functional concepts improves cardiometabolic risk parameters in healthy subjects. Nutrition & Metabolism, 9, 29.

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Publication 2012

Most recents protocols related to «Beta-Glucans»

Extraction and Quantification of Chitin, Melanin, and Glucans

Not available on PMC !

Chitin was extracted according to the protocol of Fernandez & Koide (2012) , with minor adjustments; the concentration in the samples was determined with the spectrophotometer at 653 nm. Known amounts of pure chitin (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) were assayed to obtain a standard curve which was used to obtain the concentrations in the samples. Melanin concentrations were measured according to Fernandez et al. (2014) . The determination of melanin concentration was made by placing 10 mg of sample in 2 mL of Azure A dye solution and incubating for 24 hours. The solution was filtered through a 0.45 mm nitrocellulose membrane, and the absorbance of the filtrate was measured using the spectrophotometer at 610 nm. A standard curve was constructed using known amounts of melanin previously isolated from the same material used in the decomposition assay. The change in absorbance was used to calculate the melanin content of the sample based on the standard curve.
Glucans were extracted with the Mushroom and yeast beta-glucans assay kit (K-YBGL 08/18, Megazyme). The protocol was followed with a few adjustments; a known amount of glucans was used to calculate the standard curve, which was used to calculate the glucans concentration after measuring the absorbance at 510nm.

Mancinelli R., Bodegom P.M.v., Lankhorst J., & Soudzilovskaia N. (2024). Multiple cell wall chemical components drive the decomposition of ectomycorrhizal necromass over time.

Publication 2024

Extraction and Characterization of Ganoderma Triterpenes

GT samples were gifts from Professor Ruey-Shyang Hseu, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University. Dr. Hseu entrusted the Li-Kang Biotechnical Co., Ltd (I-Lan, Taiwan) to culture and collect the mycelium. He further extracted the GT from the fruiting body using hot water as described previously^{30 (link)}. Briefly, the fruiting body was homogenized in sterilized water. The collected sample was frozen at − 20 °C, vacuum-dried for 36 h, then stored at − 20 °C until further use. Dr. Hseu provided and authorized us to use the water extract for this study. The crude mixture contained 1.96% triterpenes and 3.93% polysaccharides^{31 (link)}. The dried extract was further analyzed for the total water-soluble polysaccharide, total triterpenoid, beta-d-glucan, and heavy metal contents. For total water-soluble polysaccharides, the sample was extracted, the polysaccharides were precipitated with ethanol, re-dissolved, reacted with phenol–sulfuric acid, and analyzed under a UV–Vis Spectrophotometer (UV–Vis) (ChromTech® CT-2200, Taiwan). The amount of total water-soluble polysaccharides was 45.4 g/100 g. For total triterpenoids, the sample was extracted, reacted with a vanillin-glacial acetic acid-perchloric acid solution as a color-developing agent, and analyzed under a UV–Vis. We registered the amount of total triterpenoids as 463 mg/100 g. Concerning beta-d-glucans, the sample was dissolved to remove low-molecular-weight sugar, hydrolyzed by enzyme specificity, and analyzed using a High-Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography-Pulsed Amperometric Detector (HPAEC-PAD) (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Germering, Germany). The amount of beta-D-glucans was 0.24 g/100 g. Finally, we detected no heavy metals. The GT water extraction was followed by DMSO precipitation, reserve dialysis, and protein depletion. The final triterpenoid and water-soluble polysaccharide content was 128 and 0.39 g/100 g in GT-DMSO solution, respectively. Our previous preliminary study followed a GT dosage of 200 μg/kg/day³².

Yang K.N., Lin C.Y., Li W.N., Tang C.M., Pradhan J., Chao M.W, & Tseng C.Y. (2024). Ganoderma tsuage promotes pain sensitivity in aging mice. Scientific Reports, 14, 11536.

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Publication 2024

Enzymatic Analysis of Yeast Biomass

Freeze-dried yeast biomass from experimental cultures was analyzed for the content of total glucans, β-(1,3)/(1,6)-glucan and α-glucan using the Mushroom and Yeast beta-glucan Assay Procedure K-YBGL enzymatic test (Megazyme). Based on the glucan content in biomass and the biomass yield, the productivity of β-(1,3)/(1,6)-glucan in the experimental cultures was determined and expressed in [g/L]. The content of total sugars was analyzed using the DNS method after prior acid hydrolysis of the biomass using 72% sulfuric acid. Nitrogen was determined using the Kjeldahl method (approx. 5-h mineralization of 50 mg of sample in the KjelFlex K-360 (Buchi) with the presence of 96% sulfuric acid and the Kjeltabs CT/3.5 catalyst. After distilling off the nitrogen, automatic titration of the samples was carried out using the TitroLine 5000 device (SI Analytics) and standard 0.1 M HCl solution. Nitrogen was converted to protein using the factor 6.25. The trehalose content was determined using the Trehalose Assay Procedure K-TREH enzyme test, Megazyme. The biomass (20 mg) was lysed in the presence of 0.5 mL of Y-PER reagent (Thermo Scientific) to release trehalose. The samples were incubated for 1 h at room temperature, while vortexing the samples several times. After incubation, the samples were centrifuged for 3 min at 15,000 RPM (MiniSpin Plus EPPENDORF). The supernatant was then collected in an appropriate amount to perform trehalose determinations in accordance with the test manufacturer's instructions.

Bzducha-Wróbel A., Farkaš P., Bieliková S., Čížová A, & Sujkowska-Rybkowska M. (2024). How do the carbon and nitrogen sources affect the synthesis of β-(1,3/1,6)-glucan, its structure and the susceptibility of Candida utilis yeast cells to immunolabelling with β-(1,3)-glucan monoclonal antibodies?. Microbial Cell Factories, 23, 28.

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Publication 2024

Nucleotides and β-Glucan Supplementation in Broiler Chicks

Not available on PMC !

A commercial hatchery supplied a set of 144 male and female broiler chicks (Cobb 500) that were healthy and just one day old. On average, these chicks weighed 46.76 ± 0.15 g. They were subdivided into four dietarysupplemented groups, each consists of three replicates that comprised of twelve birds per replicate. The experimental to rd period was extended for 5 weeks, from October 23 , 2022.
th November 27
Group 1 was administered the diet that served as a control.
Group 2 was given a control diet supplemented with +200 mg nucleotides per kg of diet (Ohly-GO®Nucleo, Ohly-GMbH, Germany), which is an enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast extract sourced from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Group 3 was administered a control diet supplemented with 1-gram β-glucan per kilogram of diet (Aleta™, Kemin Industries, Belgium), a product sourced from the algae Euglena gracilis that contains 1,3-beta glucans in concentrations exceeding 50%.
Group 4 had a control diet supplemented with nucleotides and β-glucan. Environmental and hygiene standards were held constant for every chick during its upbringing. A fresh and clean floor was made of wood shavings. Food and water were supplied ad libitum. As illustrated in table (1) (link), a nutritionally balanced diet was administered to the chicks, adhering to the recommended nutrient levels for the Cobb 500 broiler strain. The nutrition schedule was divided into three stages during the experimental period: starter (days one to ten), grower (days eleven to twenty-four), and finisher (days twenty-five to thirty-five).

Elshawash a., Hemeda S.A., algendy F., & Khalifa O.A. (2024). Antioxidant capacity in broiler chicken enhanced by nucleotides and/or beta-glucan, resulting in increased antioxidant-related gene expression plus enzymes and improved meat quality. Deleted Journal, 46(1), 113-118.

Publication 2024

Nutrient-Optimized Swine Diets with Probiotics

Not available on PMC !

Procedures were performed under the guidelines of the Institutional Committee on the Use of Animals (No. 0031-12-2018) . Experiments were performed in Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, (at 22°45' S and 43°41' W, at an altitude of 33 m). A total of 75 pigs (25 females and 50 barrows; 25.0±3.21 kg) obtained from crossing Large White × Landrace were used. Piglets were distributed in five groups following a randomized block design; blocks were formed according to average body weight (ABW). There were five repetitions per treatment, and experimental units consisted of two barrows and one female housed in 2.0 × 1.0 m stone pens equipped with semi-automatic feeders and nipple drinkers. Pigs were fed experimental diets ad libitum for 30 days. They remained in the experiment for 30 days, divided into growth phase 1 (25 to 47 kg BW; days 1 to 22) and growth phase 2 (47 to 55 kg BW; days 23 to 30). At the end of this period, one barrow from each repetition with an ABW representative of the experimental unit was maintained for seven more days until slaughter. Treatments were: basal diet (B); basal diet with reduction of 100 kcal/kg of ME (BEM); BEM with supplementation of xylanase (0.01%; BX); BX with supplementation of direct-fed microbials (composed of B. subtilis and B. licheniformis; 0.02%; BXM); and BX supplemented with 0.10% of symbiotic (which includes B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, and yeast cell wall; BXS).
The composition and nutrient content of diets provided during the grower phases 1 and 2 are presented in Tables 1 and2; respectively. The basal diet was formulated to meet the nutritional requirements of barrows in growth phases 1 and 2, according to Rostagno et al. (2017) , while the other diets did not meet the complete ME requirements of pigs. All diets contained phytase (0.01%), and its contribution to the nutritional matrix was considered with the added value for digestible aminoacids, available phosphorus, calcium, and crude protein. The Xyl contribution to the nutritional matrix of the diets (50 kcal/kg of feed) was also considered. The reduction in ME content was based on other studies that investigated the use of Xyl in pig diets (Martínez-Aispuro et al., 2015 , 2017) . The methods for determination of dry matter, gross energy, crude protein, and total phosphorus of the diets are described in Silva and Queiroz (2006) .
Energy-reduced diets supplemented with xylanase, Bacillus sp., and yeast wall maintain bone parameters... Justino et al.
3 biotin (min): 7.5 mg; choline chloride (min): 40 g. 4 Smizyme Phytase 10,000 FTU/g. 5 Smizyme Xylanase 10,000 U/g. 6 Smibiotics (B. subtilis 10 10 , Bacillus licheniformis 10 10 ). 7 Vitabiotic B. subtilis 10 10 , Bacillus licheniformis 10 10 , mannan-oligosaccharides 7.00%, glucans and beta-glucans 13.00%.
Energy-reduced diets supplemented with xylanase, Bacillus sp., and yeast wall maintain bone parameters... Justino et al.

Justino L.R., Souza C.S., Vasconcelos B.d.S.d., Costa J.A., Quaresma D.V., Dilelis F., Vieira A.A., & Lima C.A.R.d. (2024). Energy-reduced diets supplemented with xylanase, Bacillus sp., and yeast wall maintain bone parameters, gut morphometry, economic indices, and performance of pigs. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 53.

Publication 2024

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What are the different types of beta-glucans and how do they differ in their properties and potential health benefits?

Beta-glucans can be derived from various sources, including yeast, fungi, and bacteria, and each type can have slightly different molecular structures and properties. For example, yeast-derived beta-glucans tend to have a more linear structure, while those from oats and barley have a more branched structure. These structural differences can influence their interactions with the immune system and their potential health benefits, such as immune support, cholesterol management, and gut health. Researchers can use PubCompare.ai to explore the nuances of different beta-glucan types and identify the most effective sources and formulations for their specific research goals.

How can beta-glucans be used to support the immune system, and what are some of the key mechanisms of action?

Beta-glucans have been shown to stimulate the innate immune system by interacting with immune cells, such as macrophages and natural killer cells. This interaction can enhance the activity of these cells, leading to improved pathogen recognition and clearance. Additionally, beta-glucans may modulate the adaptive immune response by influencing the production of cytokines and antibodies. Researchers can leverage PubCompare.ai to quickly identify the most effective beta-glucan protocols for immune support, comparing the efficacy of different sources, dosages, and administration routes to optimize their research.

What are some of the challenges associated with the use of beta-glucans, and how can PubCompare.ai help researchers address them?

One challenge with beta-glucans is the variability in their structural characteristics and biological activities, which can depend on the source, extraction method, and purification process. This variability can make it difficult to consistently reproduce research findings and compare results across studies. PubCompare.ai can help researchers overcome this challenge by providing a platform to quickly identify the most effective and reproducible beta-glucan protocols, as well as compare the performance of different beta-glucan products and formulations. The AI-driven analysis can help researchers make informed decisions and optimize their beta-glucan studies for greater accuracy and reliability.

How can PubCompare.ai assist researchers in exploring the potential cardiovascular benefits of beta-glucans?

Beta-glucans have been studied for their potential to manage cholesterol levels and support cardiovascular health. However, the specific mechanisms and optimal dosages for these benefits can vary. PubCompare.ai can help researchers by providing a comprehensive overview of the existing literature on beta-glucan's cardiovascular effects, as well as identifying the most effective protocols and product formulations. The platform's AI-driven analysis can highlight key differences in protocol effectiveness, enabling researchers to choose the best approach for their cardiovascular-focused beta-glucan studies and make more informed decisions.

What are some emerging areas of beta-glucan research, and how can PubCompare.ai facilitate exploration in these fields?

In addition to immune support and cardiovascular health, beta-glucans are being investigated for their potential benefits in areas like gut health, metabolic regulation, and even cognitive function. As this field of research continues to evolve, PubCompare.ai can be a valuable tool for researchers looking to stay up-to-date with the latest developments. The platform's ability to quickly scan the literature, identify critical insights, and compare different protocols and product formulations can help researchers efficiently explore these emerging applications of beta-glucans and uncover new opportunities for innovation.

More about "Beta-Glucans"

Beta-glucans are a class of complex carbohydrates found in the cell walls of certain fungi, yeasts, and bacteria.
These polysaccharides have garnered significant attention for their potential health benefits, including immune system support and cholesterol management.
Researchers can now optimize their beta-glucan studies using advanced tools like PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven platform that streamlines literature reviews, identifies the most effective research protocols, and compares products to make informed decisions.
Researchers can explore a wealth of peer-reviewed articles, preprints, and patents to uncover the latest insights and innovations in this dynamic field of study.
Beta-glucans have been found to interact with various cellular components, such as the Biotek Synergy H1 microplate reader, which can be used to measure their effects on cellular activities.
The use of Tween 80, a nonionic surfactant, can also be explored in beta-glucan research to enhance their solubility and bioavailability.
Another key area of beta-glucan research involves the use of Calcofluor white, a fluorescent dye that binds to beta-glucans and can be used to visualize their distribution and localization within cells.
The RPMI 1640 cell culture medium is often used to study the effects of beta-glucans on immune cells, while the EVOS FL Cell Imaging System can be employed to observe cellular responses to these polysaccharides.
Statistical analysis of beta-glucan research data can be facilitated through the use of SPSS Statistics version 21, a powerful software package for data analysis.
Additionally, the study of beta-glucan biosynthesis and degradation pathways may involve the investigation of enzymes such as 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, which can be quantified using techniques like the SensiFAST SYBR Lo-ROX Kit.
Researchers can also explore the potential therapeutic applications of beta-glucans, which may be influenced by their structural characteristics, as measured by techniques like isothermal titration calorimetry using the VP-ITC titration calorimeter.
The MBS266317 compound, a beta-glucan-derived molecule, has also been the subject of research for its potential biomedical applications.
By leveraging the insights and tools available, researchers can optimize their beta-glucan studies and uncover new avenues for innovation in this exciting field of study.