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Bicarbonate, Sodium

Q: Are there different types or variations of sodium bicarbonate?

Yes, there are a few different variations of sodium bicarbonate. The most common form is the standard sodium bicarbonate powder. There is also a fine-grained version called baking soda, which is often used in cooking and baking. Additionally, there are tablet or capsule forms of sodium bicarbonate that are used as antacids or dietary supplements.

Sodium bicarbonate, also known as baking soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3.
It is a white, crystalline solid that is commonly used in a variety of applications, including as an antacid, a leavening agent in baking, and a mild abrasive.
Sodium bicarbonate is also used in medical and scientific research, where it can be employed to regulate pH levels, neutralize acidic compounds, and facilitate various chemical reactions.
Reserchers can leverage PubCompare.ai to optimize their sodium bicarbonate research protocols, locating the best procedures from the literature, pre-prints, and patents, while utilizing AI-driven comparisons to ensure reproducibility and accuracy.
This can help streamline the research process and find the optimal bicarbonate solutions for a variety of applications.

Most cited protocols related to «Bicarbonate, Sodium»

Maintaining Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Cited 68 times

Human ES cells (H1 and H9) were usually maintained in specific media on Matrigel-coated tissue culture plates^{32 (link)}. Cells were passaged routinely with EDTA as described previously^{13 (link)}. Briefly, cells were washed twice with PBS/EDTA medium (0.5 mM EDTA in PBS, osmolarity 340 mOsm), then incubated with PBS/EDTA for 5 minutes at 37°C. PBS/EDTA was removed, and cells were washed off swiftly with a small volume of corresponding media.
E8 media composition: Media contained DMEM/F12, L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate magnesium (64 mg/l), sodium selenium (14 µg/l), FGF2 (100 µg/l), insulin (19.4 mg/l), NaHCO₃ (543 mg/l) and transferrin (10.7 mg/l), TGFβ1(2 µg/l) or NODAL (100 µg/l). Osmolarity of all media was adjusted to 340 mOsm at pH7.4. All the media were stored at 4°C, and were used within 2 weeks of production. L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate magnesium is the stable form of L-ascorbic acid in cell culture.

Chen G., Gulbranson D.R., Hou Z., Bolin J.M., Ruotti V., Probasco M.D., Smuga-Otto K., Howden S.E., Diol N.R., Propson N.E., Wagner R., Lee G.O., Antosiewicz-Bourget J., Teng J.M, & Thomson J.A. (2011). Chemically defined conditions for human iPS cell derivation and culture. Nature methods, 8(5), 424-429.

Publication 2011

Ascorbic Acid Bicarbonate, Sodium Edetic Acid Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Human Embryonic Stem Cells Insulin L Forms magnesium ascorbate-2-phosphate matrigel Osmolarity Selenium Sodium TGF-beta1 Tissues Transferrin

Chromatin DNA Extraction and Purification

Cited 54 times

Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions

Open the protocol to access the free full text link

Publication 2011

Bicarbonate, Sodium Buffers Chloroform Chromatin Dot Immunoblotting Ethanol Formaldehyde Phenol Ribonuclease, Pancreatic Ribonuclease H Sodium Chloride

Norbornene-Functionalized PEG Synthesis

Cited 39 times

Norbornene-functionalized PEG was prepared by the addition of norbornene acid via the symmetric anhydride N,N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimid (DCC; Sigma) coupling. The 4-arm PEG, MW 20000 (JenKemUSA, Allen, TX), was dissolved in dichloromethane (DCM) with 5× (with respect to hydroxyls) pyridine and 0.5×4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP; Sigma). In a separate reaction vessel, DCC 5× with respect to PEG hydroxyls, was reacted at room temperature with 10×5-norbornene-2-carboxylic acid (Sigma). A few seconds after addition of the acid, a white byproduct precipitate formed (dicycolhexylurea), indicating the formation of dinorbornene carboxylic acid anhydride. The anhydride was allowed to stir for 30 min, following which the 4-arm PEG, pyridine, and DMAP solution were added. The reaction was stirred overnight, after which the mixture was filtered. The filtrate was washed with 5% sodium bicarbonate solution and the product was precipitated in ice-cold diethyl ether.

Fairbanks B.D., Schwartz M.P., Halevi A.E., Nuttelman C.R., Bowman C.N, & Anseth K.S. (2009). A Versatile Synthetic Extracellular Matrix Mimic via Thiol-Norbornene Photopolymerization. Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 21(48), 5005-5010.

Publication 2009

2-norbornene Acids Anhydrides Bicarbonate, Sodium Blood Vessel Carboxylic Acids Cold Temperature Ethyl Ether Hydroxyl Radical Methylene Chloride Neoplasm Metastasis pyridine

Zebrafish Embryonic Development Protocol

Cited 38 times

Embryonic zebrafish were obtained from a Tropical 5D strain of zebrafish (Danio rerio) reared in the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory (SARL) at Oregon State University, Corvallis. Adults were kept at standard laboratory conditions of 28 °C on a 14-h light/10-h dark photoperiod in fish water (FW) consisting of reverse-osmosis water supplemented with a commercially available salt (Instant Ocean, www.instantocean.com) to create a salinity of 600 microsiemens. Sodium bicarbonate was added as needed to adjust the pH to 7.4. Zebrafish were group spawned, and embryos were collected and staged as described by Kimmel et al.^{16 (link)}

Mandrell D., Truong L., Jephson C., Sarker M.R., Moore A., Lang C., Simonich M.T, & Tanguay R.L. (2012). Automated Zebrafish Chorion Removal and Single Embryo Placement: Optimizing Throughput of Zebrafish Developmental Toxicity Screens. Journal of Laboratory Automation, 17(1), 66-74.

Publication 2012

Adult Bicarbonate, Sodium Embryo Fishes Light Osmosis Salinity Sodium Chloride Strains Zebrafish

Exposing Drosophila Abdominal Heart Tubes

Cited 37 times

Two wild-type laboratory strains of Drosophilia (yw and w¹¹¹⁸) were maintained and aged as described previously (3 (link),6 (link)). Abdominal heart tubes were exposed by cutting off the head and ventral thorax of the fly and then removing the ventral abdominal cuticle and all internal organs. Dissections were performed under an artificial adult hemolymph (based on References 23 (link) and 24 (link)) containing 108 mM NaCl₂, 5 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl₂, 8 mM MgCl₂,1 mM NaH₂PO₄, 4 mM NaHCO₃, 15 mM 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), 10 mM sucrose, and 5 mM trehalose, at pH 7.1. Recordings of heart activity were acquired from semi-intact Drosophila preparations at room temperature using a Hamamatsu EM-CCD digital camera (McBain Instruments, Chatsworth, CA, USA) mounted on a Leica DM-LFSA microscope with a 10× water immersion lens (McBain Instruments) and Simple PCI image capture software (Compix Imaging System, Selwicky, PA, USA). Frame rates were 100–150 fps; all movies were 60 s in length. See Supplementary Movie 1 (available at www.BioTechniques.com) for an example.

Fink M., Callol-Massot C., Chu A., Ruiz-Lozano P., Belmonte J.C., Giles W., Bodmer R, & Ocorr K. (2009). A new method for detection and quantification of heartbeat parameters in Drosophila, zebrafish, and embryonic mouse hearts. BioTechniques, 46(2), 101-113.

Publication 2009

Abdomen Acids Adult Bicarbonate, Sodium Chest Dissection Drosophila Fingers Head Heart Hemolymph HEPES Lens, Crystalline Magnesium Chloride Microscopy Reading Frames Strains Submersion Sucrose Trehalose

Most recents protocols related to «Bicarbonate, Sodium»

Synthesis of Pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine Derivative

Not available on PMC !

Example 11

[Figure (not displayed)]

Step a: To a stirred suspension of 2,4-dichloro-6-methyl-3-nitropyridine (2.5 g, 12 mmol) in 24 mL of THE was added a solution of 7N NH₃in MeOH (14 mL, 98 mmol). After stirring for 3 h, the volatiles were removed in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give 2-chloro-6-methyl-3-nitropyridin-4-amine. C₆H₇CN₃O₂[M+H]⁺ 188.0, found 188.0.

Step b: To a stirred mixture of 2-chloro-6-methyl-3-nitropyridin-4-amine (760 mg, 4.1 mmol) and Fe (1.1 g, 20 mmol) in a 5:1 solution of EtOH/H₂O (24 mL) was added 4.4 mL of conc. HCl. The contents were refluxed for 30 min, then cooled to room temperature and quenched with 100 mL of sat. NaHCO₃(aq). The mixture was extracted with EtOAc and the combined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to yield 2-chloro-6-methylpyridine-3,4-diamine. MS: (ES) m/z calculated for C₆H₉ClN₃[M+H]⁺ 158.0, found 158.0.

Step c: To a stirred solution of 2-chloro-6-methylpyridine-3,4-diamine (0.49 g, 3.1 mmol) in 3 mL of EtOH was added a 40% w/w aqueous solution of glyoxal (2.0 mL, 12 mmol). After refluxing for 16 h, the mixture was diluted with H₂O and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layers were combined, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give 5-chloro-7-methylpyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine. MS: (ES) m/z calculated for C₈H₇ClN₃[M+H]⁺ 180.0, found 180.1.

Step d: To a stirred solution of 5-chloro-7-methylpyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine (200 mg, 1.0 mmol) and 2′-chloro-2-methyl-3′-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-amine (350 mg, 1.0 mmol) in 2 mL of MeCN was added AcOH (0.18 mL, 3.1 mmol). After 30 min, the volatiles were concentrated in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give N-(2′-chloro-2-methyl-3′-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-7-methylpyrido[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-amine. MS: (ES) m/z calculated for C₂₇H₂₉BClN₄O₂[M+H]⁺ 487.2, found 487.2.

Step e: To a stirred solution of N-(2′-chloro-2-methyl-3′-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-7-methylpyrido[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-amine (390 mg, 0.66 mmol), 6-chloro-2-methoxynicotinaldehyde (240 mg, 1.4 mmol), and K₃PO₄(490 mg, 2.3 mmol) in a 1:1 solution of 1,4-dioxane/H₂O (3.3 mL) under N₂(g) was added Pd(PPh₃)₄(76 mg, 0.066 mmol). The mixture was stirred under N₂(g) at 90° C. for 3 h. The mixture was diluted with H₂O and then extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The crude residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give 6-(2-chloro-2′-methyl-3′-((7-methylpyrido[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl)amino)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-2-methoxynicotinaldehyde. MS: (ES) m/z calculated for C₂₈H₂₃ClN₅O₂[M+H]⁺ 496.2, found 496.2.

Step f: To a stirred mixture of 6-(2-chloro-2′-methyl-3′-((7-methylpyrido[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl)amino)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-2-methoxynicotinaldehyde (120 mg, 0.25 mmol), (S)-5-(aminomethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one hydrochloride (150 mg, 0.99 mmol), and trimethylamine (0.14 mL, 0.99 mmol) in a 4:1 solution of DCM/MeOH (5 mL) was added NaBH(OAc)₃(530 mg, 2.5 mmol). After stirring for 30 min, the mixture was filtered through Celite, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The product was purified by preparative HPLC to give the product (S)-5-((((6-(2-chloro-2′-methyl-3′-((7-methylpyrido[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl)amino)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-2-hydroxypyridin-3-yl)methyl)amino)methyl)pyrrolidin-2-one. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.59 (s, 1H), 9.32 (s, 1H), 9.07 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.86 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.23 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.50-7.43 (m, 1H), 7.35 (dd, J=7.9, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (s, 1H), 6.96 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.55 (s, 2H), 6.43 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 4.07 (s, 3H), 3.95-3.84 (m, 1H), 2.48 (s, 4H), 2.26-2.15 (m, 3H), 2.11 (s, 3H), 1.86-1.70 (m, 1H). MS: (ES) m/z calculated for C₃₂H₃₁ClN₇O₂[M+H]⁺ 580.2, found 580.1.

US11866429B2. Heteroaryl-biphenyl amines for the treatment of PD-L1 diseases (2024-01-09). CHEMOCENTRYX, INC. [US]. Inventors: Pingchen Fan [US], Christopher W. Lange [US], Rebecca M. Lui [US], Darren J. McMurtrie [US], Ryan J. Scamp [US], Ju Yang [US], Yibin Zeng [US], Penglie Zhang [US].

Patent 2024

1H NMR 2-picoline 4-nitropyridine Amines Bicarbonate, Sodium Celite Chromatography Diamines Dioxanes diphenyl Ethanol Gel Chromatography Glyoxal High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Pyrazines Silica Gel Silicon Dioxide Sulfate, Magnesium Sulfoxide, Dimethyl trimethylamine

Synthesis of Triazolopyrimidine Derivatives

Not available on PMC !

Example 2

[Figure (not displayed)]

N-(2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-(5-ethyl-2-morpholino-7-oxo-6-(piperazin-1-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(7H)-yl)acetamide (Intermediate B) (200 mg, 352 μmol) was suspended in DMF (5 mL). Perfluorophenyl 3-hydroxypicolinate (Intermediate CT) (215 mg, 703 μmol) and Et₃N (97.0 μL, 703 μmol) were added and the RM was stirred at 70° C. for 3 hours. The RM was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was first purified by column chromatography (Silica gel column: Silica 12 g, eluent DCM:MeOH 100:0 to 90:10). Then a second purification by reverse phase preparative HPLC (RP-HPLC acidic 9: 40 to 50% B in 2 min, 50 to 55% B in 10 min) afforded the title compound.

LC-MS: Rt=0.98 min; MS m/z [M+H]⁺ 690.6/692.6, m/z [M−H]⁻ 688.4/690.3; UPLC-MS 1

LC-MS: Rt=4.84 min; MS m/z [M+H]⁺ 690.2/692.2 m/z [M−H]⁻ 688.3/690.3; UPLC-MS 2

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.37 (s, br, 1H), 10.34 (s, br, 1H), 8.05 (m, 2H), 7.96 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (dd, J=2.1 Hz, 8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (m, 2H), 5.21 (s, 2H), 4.53 (m, 1H), 3.66 (m, 4H), 3.46 (m, 3H), 3.38 (m, 4H), 3.20 (m, 1H), 2.92 (m, 3H), 2.76 (m, 1H), 2.58 (m, 1H), 1.16 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H)

Example 24

[Figure (not displayed)]

To the stirred solution of N-(2-chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-2-(5-ethyl-2-(4-methoxycyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-7-oxo-6-(piperazin-1-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(7H)-yl)acetamide (Intermediate Y) (300 mg, 504 μmol), 4-chloro-3-hydroxypicolinic acid (140 mg, 807 μmol), HOBt (136 mg, 1.01 mmol) and EDC.HCl (193 mg, 1.01 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) was added pyridine (122 μL, 1.51 mmol) at 0° C. The RM was stirred at RT for 16 hours. The RM was quenched with NaHCO₃and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Silica gel column: Silica 4 g, eluent DCM:MeOH 100:0 to 98:2). The residue was purified by preparative chiral HPLC (instrument: Agilent 1200 series, with single quad mass spectrometer; column: LUX CELLULOSE-4, 250 mm×21.1 mm, 5.0 μm; eluent: A=hexane, B=0.1% HCOOH in EtOH; flow rate: 15 mL/min; detection: 210 nm; injection volume: 0.9 mL; gradient: isocratic: 50(A):50(B)).

Example 24a: The product containing fractions were concentrated at 40° C. and washed with n-pentane (5×10 mL), decanted and dried to give the title compound as an off-white solid—first eluting stereoisomer.

Chiral HPLC (C-HPLC 2): Rt=10.764 min

LC-MS: Rt=1.08 min; MS m/z [M+H]⁺ 750.5/752.5, m/z [M−H]⁻ 748.4/750.4; UPLC-MS 1

LC-MS: Rt=5.29 min; MS m/z [M+H]⁺ 750.2/752.2, m/z [M−H]⁻ 748.2/750.2; UPLC-MS 2

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.68 (s, br, 2H), 8.56 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.98 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 1H), 6.72 (m, 1H), 5.34 (s, 2H), 4.53 (m, 1H), 3.52 (m, 4H), 3.28 (m, 4H), 2.98 (m, 3H), 2.80 (m, 1H), 2.63 (m, 1H), 2.55 (m, 1H), 2.46 (m, 1H), 2.16 (m, 2H), 1.95 (m, 1H), 1.68 (m, 1H), 1.17 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H)

Example 24b: The product containing fractions were concentrated at 40° C. and washed with n-pentane (5×10 mL), decanted and dried to give the title compound as an off-white solid—second eluting stereoisomer.

Chiral HPLC (C-HPLC 2): Rt=18.800 min

LC-MS: Rt=1.08 min; MS m/z [M+H]⁺ 750.1/752.1, m/z [M−H]⁻ 748.2/750.2; UPLC-MS 1

LC-MS: Rt=5.30 min; MS m/z [M+H]⁺ 750.1/752.1, m/z [M−H]⁻ 748.2/750.2; UPLC-MS 2

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.83 (s, br, 1H), 10.55 (s, br, 1H), 8.56 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (d, J=5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.92 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=5.3 Hz, 1H), 6.72 (m, 1H), 5.35 (s, 2H), 4.54 (m, 1H), 3.54 (m, 4H), 3.28 (m, 3H), 3.25 (m, 1H), 2.99 (m, 3H), 2.81 (m, 1H), 2.62 (m, 1H), 2.41 (m, 2H), 2.16 (m, 2H), 1.96 (m, 1H), 1.66 (m, 1H), 1.18 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H)

Example 25

[Figure (not displayed)]

N-(2-chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-2-(5-ethyl-2-(4-methoxycyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-7-oxo-6-(piperazin-1-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4(7H)-yl)acetamide.HCl (Intermediate Y) (120 mg, 190 μmol) and DIPEA (166 μL, 950 μmol) were dissolved in DCM (5 mL) and then 3-hydroxypicolinoyl chloride (Intermediate CV) (59.9 mg, 380 μmol) was added at 0° C. and stirred for 2 hours. 3-hydroxypicolinoyl chloride (Intermediate CV) (59.9 mg, 380 μmol) was added again and the reaction was continued under stirring for 12 hours. The RM was diluted with DCM and washed with water and aq NaHCO₃(2×20 mL), washed with water and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was combined with another experiment and purified by column chromatography (Silica gel column: Silica 4 g, eluent DCM:MeOH 100:0 to 99:1) then further purified by reverse phase preparative HPLC (RP-HPLC acidic 10: 40 to 50% B in 2 min, 50 to 60% B in 8 min) to give the title compound as an off-white solid.

The racemate was purified by preparative chiral HPLC (instrument: Agilent 1200 series, with single quad mass spectrometer; column: CELLULOSE-4, 250 mm×21.2 mm; eluent: A=hexane, B=0.1% HCOOH in MeOH:EtOH 1:1; flow rate: 20 mL/min; detection: 210 nm; injection volume: 0.9 mL; gradient: isocratic 60(A):40(B)).

Example 25a: First eluting stereoisomer, off-white solid.

Chiral HPLC (C-HPLC 1): Rt=10.070 min

LC-MS: Rt=0.98 min; MS m/z [M+H]⁺ 716.5/718.6, m/z [M−H]⁻ 714.3/716.3; UPLC-MS 1

LC-MS: Rt=4.76 min; MS m/z [M+H]⁺ 716.2/718.2, m/z [M−H]⁻ 714.2/716.2; UPLC-MS 2

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.46 (s, br, 2H), 8.56 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (m, 1H), 7.90 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (m, 2H), 6.72 (m, 1H), 5.30 (s, 2H), 4.54 (m, 1H), 3.47 (m, 4H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 3.21 (m, 1H), 2.96 (m, 3H), 2.79 (m, 1H), 2.59 (m, 3H), 2.43 (m, 1H), 2.14 (m, 1H), 1.95 (m, 1H), 1.67 (m, 1H), 1.17 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H)

Example 25b: Second eluting stereoisomer, off-white solid.

Chiral HPLC (C-HPLC 1): Rt=16.023 min

LC-MS: Rt=0.96 min; MS m/z [M+H]⁺ 716.3/718.3, m/z [M−H]⁻ 714.3/716.3; UPLC-MS 1

LC-MS: Rt=4.77 min; MS m/z [M+H]⁺ 716.2/718.2, m/z [M−H]⁻ 714.2/716.2; UPLC-MS 2

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.39 (s, br, 2H), 8.56 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (m, 1H), 7.93 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (m, 2H), 6.72 (m, 1H), 5.32 (s, 2H), 4.54 (m, 1H), 3.46 (m, 4H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 3.20 (m, 1H), 2.96 (m, 3H), 2.79 (m, 1H), 2.59 (m, 3H), 2.41 (m, 1H), 2.14 (m, 1H), 1.95 (m, 1H), 1.68 (m, 1H), 1.17 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H)

US11878973B2. Bicyclic compounds and their uses (2024-01-23). NOVARTIS AG [CH]. Inventors: Vincent Bordas [FR], Jvan Brun [CH], Markus Furegati [CH], Jacques Hamon [FR], Jürgen Hans-Hermann Hinrichs [DE], Philipp Holzer [CH], Fatma Limam [FR], Henrik Möbitz [DE], Sandro Nocito [CH], Simone Plattner [DE], Niko Schmiedeberg [CH], Joseph Schoepfer [CH], Ross Sinclair Strang [FR], Frédéric Zecri [US].

Patent 2024

1-hydroxybenzotriazole 1H NMR acetamide Acids Bicarbonate, Sodium Bicyclo Compounds brine Cellulose Chlorides Chromatography DIPEA Ethanol H 718 Hexanes High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Morpholinos pentane Piperazine Pressure pyridine Silica Gel Silicon Dioxide Stereoisomers Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Synthesis and Surface Modification of Hydrotalcite Particles

Not available on PMC !

Example 1

In a 2 L stainless steel container, 730 g of aluminum hydroxide powder (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., Cica special grade) were added into 1110 mL of 48% sodium hydroxide solution (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., Cica special grade), and they were stirred at 124° C. for 1 hour to give a sodium aluminate solution (First Step).

After the sodium aluminate solution was cooled to 80° C., ion exchange water was added into the sodium aluminate solution to achieve a total amount of 1500 mL.

After 96 mL of the sodium aluminate solution were separated into a 1 L stainless steel container, pure water was added into the solution to achieve a total amount of 730 mL (concentration of the sodium aluminate solution: 0.8 mol/L). The solution was stirred with keeping a temperature thereof at 25° C., and the solution was aerated with carbon dioxide in an aeration amount of 0.7 L/min. for 60 minutes to give adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry (low-crystallinity aluminum compound=pseudo-boehmite) (Second Step).

Separately, 49.5 g of magnesium oxide powder (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., special grade) were added to 327 mL of pure water, and they were stirred for 1 hour to give magnesium oxide slurry.

In a 1.5 L stainless steel container, the magnesium oxide slurry and the adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry were added into 257 mL of pure water, and they were stirred at 55° C. for 90 minutes to cause a first-order reaction. As a result, a reactant containing hydrotalcite nuclear particles was prepared (Third Step).

Then, pure water was added to the reactant to give a solution in a total amount of 1 L. The solution was put into a 2 L autoclave, and a hydrothermal synthesis was performed at 160° C. for 7 hours. As a result, hydrotalcite particles slurry was synthesized (Fourth Step).

To the hydrotalcite particles slurry were added 4.3 g of stearic acid (3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of hydrotalcite particles) with keeping a temperature of the hydrotalcite particles slurry at 95° C. to perform a surface treatment on particles (Fifth Step). After the hydrotalcite particles slurry of which particles were surface treated was filtered and washed, a drying treatment was performed at 100° C. to give solid products of hydrotalcite particles. The produced hydrotalcite particles were subjected to an elemental analysis, resulting in that Mg/Al (molar ratio)=2.1.

In accordance with a method of Example 1 described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2003-048712, hydrotalcite particles were synthesized.

In 150 g/L of NaOH solution in an amount of 3 L were dissolved 90 g of metal aluminum to give a solution. After 399 g of MgO were added to the solution, 174 g of Na₂CO₃were added thereto and they were reacted with each other for 6 hours with stirring at 95° C. As a result, hydrotalcite particles slurry was synthesized.

To the hydrotalcite particles slurry were added 30 g of stearic acid (3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of hydrotalcite particles) with keeping a temperature of the hydrotalcite particles slurry at 95° C. to perform a surface treatment on particles. After the hydrotalcite particles slurry of which particles were surface treated was cooled, filtered and washed to give solid matters, a drying treatment was performed on the solid matters at 100° C. to give solid products of hydrotalcite particles.

Example 2

After the sodium aluminate solution was cooled to 80° C., ion exchange water was added into the sodium aluminate solution to achieve a total amount of 1500 mL.

After 96 mL of the sodium aluminate solution were separated into a 1 L stainless steel container, pure water was added into the solution to achieve a total amount of 730 mL (concentration of the sodium aluminate solution: 0.8 mol/L). The solution was stirred with keeping a temperature thereof at 30° C., and the solution was aerated with carbon dioxide in an aeration amount of 0.7 L/min. for 90 minutes to give adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry (low-crystallinity aluminum compound=pseudo-boehmite) (Second Step).

Solid products of hydrotalcite particles were produced in a same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that reaction conditions of 95° C. and 6 hours for synthesis of the hydrotalcite particles slurry in Comparative Example 1 were changed to hydrothermal reaction conditions of 170° C. and 6 hours.

Example 3

After the sodium aluminate solution was cooled to 80° C., ion exchange water was added into the sodium aluminate solution to achieve a total amount of 1500 mL.

After 96 mL of the sodium aluminate solution were separated into a 1 L stainless steel container, pure water was added into the solution to achieve a total amount of 730 mL (concentration of the sodium aluminate solution: 0.8 mol/L). The solution was stirred with keeping a temperature thereof at 60° C., and the solution was aerated with carbon dioxide in an aeration amount of 0.7 L/min. for 60 minutes to give adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry (low-crystallinity aluminum compound=pseudo-boehmite) (Second Step).

In accordance with a method of Example 1 described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2013-103854, hydrotalcite particles were synthesized.

Into a 5 L container were added 447.3 g of magnesium hydroxide (d50=4.0 μm) and 299.2 g of aluminum hydroxide (d50=8.0 μm), and water was added thereto to achieve a total amount of 3 L. They were stirred for 10 minutes to prepare slurry. The slurry had physical properties of d50=10 μm and d90=75 μm. Then, the slurry was subjected to wet grinding for 18 minutes (residence time) by using Dinomill MULTILAB (wet grinding apparatus) with controlling a slurry temperature during grinding by using a cooling unit so as not to exceed 40° C. As a result, ground slurry had physical properties of d50=1.0 μm, d90=3.5 μm, and slurry viscosity=5000 cP. Then, sodium hydrogen carbonate was added to 2 L of the ground slurry such that an amount of the sodium hydrogen carbonate was ½ mole with respect to 1 mole of the magnesium hydroxide. Water was added thereto to achieve a total amount of 8 L, and they were stirred for 10 minutes to give slurry. Into an autoclave was put 3 L of the slurry, and a hydrothermal reaction was caused at 170° C. for 2 hours. As a result, hydrotalcite particles slurry was synthesized.

To the hydrotalcite particles slum were added 6.8 g of stearic acid (3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of hydrotalcite particles) with keeping a temperature of the hydrotalcite particles slurry at 95° C. to perform a surface treatment on particles. After solids were filtered by filtration, the filtrated cake was washed with 9 L of ion exchange water at 35° C. The filtrated cake was further washed with 100 mL of ion exchange water, and a conductance of water used for washing was measured. As a result, the conductance of this water was 50 μS/sm (25° C.). The water-washed cake was dried at 100° C. for 24 hours and was ground to give solid products of hydrotalcite particles.

Example 5

After the sodium aluminate solution was cooled to 80° C., ion exchange water was added into the sodium aluminate solution to achieve a total amount of 1500 mL.

After 192 mL of the sodium aluminate solution were separated into a 1 L stainless steel container, pure water was added into the solution to achieve a total amount of 730 mL (concentration of the sodium aluminate solution: 1.6 mol/L). The solution was stirred with keeping a temperature thereof at 30° C., and the solution was aerated with carbon dioxide in an aeration amount of 0.7 L/min. for 90 minutes to give adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry (low-crystallinity aluminum compound=pseudo-boehmite) (Second Step).

In accordance with a method of Example 1 described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. H06-136179, hydrotalcite particles were synthesized.

To 1 L of water were added 39.17 g of sodium hydroxide and 11.16 g of sodium carbonate with stirring, and they were heated to 40° C. Then, to 500 mL of distilled water were added 61.28 g of magnesium chloride (19.7% as MgO), 37.33 g of aluminum chloride (20.5% as Al₂O₃), and 2.84 g of ammonium chloride (31.5% as NH₃) such that a molar ratio of Mg to Al, Mg/Al, was 2.0 and a molar ratio of NH₃to Al, NH₃/Al, was 0.35. As a result, an aqueous solution A was prepared. The aqueous solution A was gradually poured into a reaction system of the sodium hydroxide and the sodium carbonate. The reaction system after pouring had pH of 10.2. Moreover, a reaction of the reaction system was caused at 90° C. for about 20 hours with stirring to give hydrotalcite particles slurry.

To the hydrotalcite particles slurry were added 1.1 g of stearic acid, and a surface treatment was performed on particles with stirring to give a reacted suspension. The reacted suspension was subjected to filtration and water washing, and then the reacted suspension was subjected to drying at 70° C. The dried suspension was ground by a compact sample mill to give solid products of hydrotalcite particles.

US11873230B2. Hydrotalcite particles, method for producing hydrotalcite particles, resin stabilizer containing hydrotalcite particles, and resin composition containing hydrotalcite particles (2024-01-16). TODA KOGYO CORP. [JP], SAKAI CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO., LTD. [JP]. Inventors: Koji Kakuya [JP], Atsuko Yasunaga [JP], Nobukatsu Shigi [JP].

Patent 2024

A-A-1 antibiotic Aluminum Aluminum Chloride aluminum oxide hydroxide Anabolism Bicarbonate, Sodium Carbon dioxide Chloride, Ammonium Filtration hydrotalcite Hydroxide, Aluminum Ion Exchange Japanese Magnesium Chloride Magnesium Hydroxide Molar Oxide, Magnesium Physical Processes Powder Resins, Plant sodium aluminate sodium carbonate Sodium Hydroxide Stainless Steel stearic acid Suby's G solution Viscosity

Octadecanoate Functionalized Tripentaerythritol Core

Not available on PMC !

Example 4

Octadecanoate Functionalized Core (IMS 018 H)

To a round bottom flask was added one or more of the following “core” compounds: tripentaerythritol (“H”) made from the above cores. These were dissolved in tetrahydrofuran. 1.1 molar equivalents (per —OH of the hydroxyl terminated cores or dendrimers) of Octadecanoic Acid were added to the solution of cores. To these reagents were added 1.2 molar equivalents (per —OH of the hydroxyl terminated cores or dendrimers) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 0.1 molar equivalents (per —OH of hydroxyl-terminated core or of dendrimer) of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP).

The reaction mixture was stirred vigorously for approximately 12 hours at standard temperature and pressure. The reaction was monitored by MALDI-TOF MS to determine completion of the reaction for each of the cores present in the reaction. After complete esterification is observed by MALDI-TOF MS, the flask contents were transferred to a separatory funnel, diluted with dichloromethane, extracted twice with 1M aqueous NaHSO₄(sodium bisulfate) and extracted twice with 1M aqueous NaHCO₃(sodium bicarbonate). The organic layer was reduced in vacuo to concentrate the sample. A MALDI-TOF MS spectra of the purified product confirmed the purity of the mixture of esterified products and is shown in FIG. 11.

FIG. 11 shows MALDI-TOF MS data for IMS 018 H, the product of octadecanoic acid functionalization of core H (IMS018H).

US11862446B2. Functionalized calibrants for spectrometry and chromatography (2024-01-02). The Administrators of the Tulane Educational Fund [US]. Inventors: Scott M. Grayson [US].

Patent 2024

4-dimethylaminopyridine Bicarbonate, Sodium Chromatography Dendrimers Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide Esterification Hydroxyl Radical Methylene Chloride Molar Pressure sodium bisulfate Spectrometry Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Stearates stearic acid tetrahydrofuran

Synthesis of Fluorescent Labeling Probe

Not available on PMC !

Example 125

[Figure (not displayed)]

Methyl 4-((5-(benzyloxy)-2-methoxyphenyl)(ethyl)amino)butanoate (184). 5-(Benzyloxy)-N-ethyl-2-methoxyaniline (146) (0.681 g, 2.65 mmol), DIEA (0.92 mL, 5.3 mmol), and methyl 4-iodobutyrate (0.72 mL, 5.3 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) were stirred at 70° C. for 5 days. The reaction mixture was cooled to rt, diluted with EtOAc (60 mL), washed with water (4×50 mL), brine (75 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography on a silica gel column (2.5×30 cm bed, packed with CHCl₃), eluant: 5% MeOH in CHCl₃to get compound 184 (0.72 g, 76%) as a dark amber oil.

Methyl 4-(ethyl(5-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)amino)butanoate (186). Ester 184 (0.72 g, 2.0 mmol) was stirred under reflux with 6 mL of water and 6 mL of conc HCl for 1.5 hrs and then evaporated to dryness to give acid 185 as a brown gum. The crude acid was dissolved in 50 mL of methanol containing 1 drop (cat.) of methanesulfonic acid ant the solution was kept for 2 hrs at rt. After that the mixture was concentrated in vacuum and the residue was mixed with 20 mL of saturated NaHCO₃. The product was extracted with EtOAc (3×40 mL). The extract was washed with brine (40 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography on a silica gel column (2.5×30 cm bed, packed with CHCl₃), eluant: 5% MeOH in CHCl₃to get compound 186 (0.444 g, 83%) as a brown oil.

N-(6-(dimethylamino)-9-(4-(ethyl(4-methoxy-4-oxobutyl)amino)-2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene)-N-methylmethanaminium chloride (187). To a stirred suspension of tetramethylrhodamine ketone 101 (0.234 g, 0.830 mmol) in 10 mL of dry chloroform was added oxalyl chloride (72 μL, 0.82 mmol) upon cooling to 0-5° C. The resulting red solution was stirred for 0.5 h at 5° C., and the solution of compound 186 (0.222 g, 0.831 mmol) in dry chloroform (5 mL) was introduced. The reaction was allowed to heat to rt, stirred for 72 h, diluted with CHCl₃(100 mL and washed with sat. NaHCO₃solution (2×30 mL) The organic layer was extracted with 5% HCl (3×25 mL). The combined acid extract was washed with CHCl₃(2×15 mL; discarded), saturated with sodium acetate and extracted with CHCl₃(5×30 mL). The extract was washed with brine (50 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄and evaporated. The crude product was purified by chromatography on silica gel column (2×50 cm bed, packed with CHCl₃/MeOH/AcOH/H₂O (100:20:5:1)), eluant: CHCl₃/MeOH/AcOH/H₂O (100:20:5:1) to give the product 187 (0.138 g, 29%) as a purple solid.

4-((4-(6-(dimethylamino)-3-(dimethyliminio)-3H-xanthen-9-yl)-5-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)(ethyl)amino)butanoate (188). Methyl ester 187 (0.136 g, 0.240 mmol) was dissolved in 5 mL of 1M KOH (5 mmol). The reaction mixture was kept at rt for 1.5 hrs and the acetic acid (1 mL) was added. The mixture was extracted with CHCl₃(4×30 mL), and combined extract was washed with brine (20 mL), filtered through the paper filter and. The crude product was purified by chromatography on silica gel column (2×50 cm bed, packed with MeCN/H₂O (4:1)), eluant: MeCN/H₂O/AcOH/(4:1:1) to give the product 188 (0.069 g, 98%) as a purple solid.

N-(6-(dimethylamino)-9-(4-((4-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yloxy)-4-oxobutyl)(ethyl)amino)-2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene)-N-methylmethanaminium chloride (189). To a solution of the acid 188 (69 mg, 0.12 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) and DIEA (58 μL, 0.33 mmol) was added N-hydroxysuccinimide trifluoroacetate (70 mg, 0.33 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min, diluted with chloroform (100 mL) and washed with water (5×50 mL), brine (50 mL), filtered through paper and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by precipitation from CHCl₃solution (5 mL) with ether (20 mL) to give compound 189 (55 mg, 67%) as a purple powder.

US11867698B2. Fluorogenic pH sensitive dyes and their method of use (2024-01-09). Life Technologies Corporation [US]. Inventors: Jeffrey Dzubay [US], Kyle Gee [US], Vladimir Martin [US], Aleksey Rukavishnikov [US], Daniel Beacham [US].

Patent 2024

Acetic Acid Acids Amber Anabolism Bicarbonate, Sodium brine Chlorides Chloroform Chromatography Esters Ethyl Ether Hydroxyl Radical Ketones methanesulfonic acid Methanol N,N-diisopropylethylamine N-hydroxysuccinimide oxalyl chloride Powder Silica Gel Sodium Acetate tetramethylrhodamine Trifluoroacetate Vacuum

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What are some common uses for sodium bicarbonate?

Sodium bicarbonate, also known as baking soda, has a wide range of uses. It is commonly used as an antacid to help relieve heartburn and indigestion. It can also be used as a leavening agent in baking to help breads and baked goods rise. Additionally, sodium bicarbonate is used as a mild abrasive in toothpastes and cleaners, and in medical and scientific research to regulate pH levels and facilitate chemical reactions.

Are there different types or variations of sodium bicarbonate?

How can PubCompare.ai help with sodium bicarbonate research?

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What are some common challenges or considerations when using sodium bicarbonate?

One common challenge with using sodium bicarbonate is that it can react with acidic substances, which can create a fizzing or bubbly reaction. This is why it is often used as an antacid or leavening agent. Additionally, consuming large amounts of sodium bicarbonate can potentially cause side effects like nausea, vomiting, or electrolyte imbalances. It's important to follow dosage recommendations, especially for medical or supplement uses. pUbCompare.ai can help researchers identify the optimal sodium bicarbonate protocols to avoid these types of issues.

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