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Bromthymol Blue

Bromothymol blue is a pH indicator dye that changes color across the pH range, making it a useful tool for various research applications.
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Most cited protocols related to «Bromthymol Blue»

1
Cryptococcosis Isolate Identification and Preservation
Cited 23 times
Cryptococcal isolates studied in this study are listed in Appendix Tables 1 and 2. The isolates were obtained by the participating laboratories of the IberoAmerican Cryptococcal Study Group and maintained on Sabouraud dextrose agar slants at 4°C and as water cultures at room temperature. Isolates were identified as C. neoformans by using standard methods (20 ). The variety was determined by the color reaction test on L-canavanine-glycine-bromothymol blue medium (21 (link)), and the serotype was determined, in selected isolates, by the use of the Crypto Check Kit (Iatron Laboratories Inc., Tokyo, Japan).
The isolates were sent for molecular typing to the Molecular Mycology Laboratory at the University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia, either as water cultures or on Sabouraud dextrose agar slants. For long-term storage, the isolates were maintained as glycerol stocks at –70°C.
Meyer W., Castañeda A., Jackson S., Huynh M, & Castañeda E. (2003). Molecular Typing of IberoAmerican Cryptococcus neoformans Isolates. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 9(2), 189-195.
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Publication 2003
Agar Bromthymol Blue Canavanine Cryptococcus Cryptococcus neoformans Glucose Glycerin Glycine
2
Pathogenic Potential of Salmonella Enteritidis
Cited 8 times
In the first experimental infection, day-old chickens (Ross breed, 10 birds/group) were infected orally with 5 × 107 CFU of either the wild-type strain or the SPI mutants. In the second infection, four groups, each of 10 chickens, were infected with the wild type strain, or ΔSPI1&2, SPI1&2o and SPI1-5 mutants. Counts of the strains in caeca, liver and spleen were determined in 5 birds on day 5 and in remaining 5 birds on day 12 of life i.e. 4 and 11 days post infection, respectively. The last experimental infection was focused on cytokine signaling and in this case, besides 3 non-infected control chickens, three additional chickens per group were infected with wild type strain, ΔSPI1, ΔSPI2, and ΔSPI1&2 mutants. In all euthanised birds, S. Enteritidis counts in the caeca, liver and spleen were determined after tissue homogenisation in peptone water and plating tenfold serial dilutions on XLD, BGA or Bromothymol-blue agars (Merck) supplemented with nalidixic acid. Samples negative after the direct plating were subjected to pre-enrichment in RV broth supplemented with nalidixic acid for qualitative S. Enteritidis determination. Counts of S. Enteritidis positive after the direct plating were logarithmically transformed. In the case of samples positive only after the pre-enrichment, these were assigned a value of 1 and the negative samples were assigned a value of 0. Samples from the caeca and liver were also fixed in 10% formaldehyde and subjected to haematoxylin and eosin staining. Each sample was blindly evaluated for general pathology with particular attention given to the infiltration of the caecal wall with heterophils by determining the average number of these cells per 20 independent microscopic fields. All the animal infections were performed according to the relevant national legislation and were approved and supervised by the Institutional Ethics Committee on Animal Experiments of Veterinary Medical Research Institute of Hungarian Academy of Sciences followed by the approval of the Veterinary and Food Control Station, Budapest, Hungary, and the Institutional Ethics Committee on Animal Experiments of Veterinary Research Institute Brno followed by the approval of the Animal Welfare Committee at the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic.
Rychlik I., Karasova D., Sebkova A., Volf J., Sisak F., Havlickova H., Kummer V., Imre A., Szmolka A, & Nagy B. (2009). Virulence potential of five major pathogenicity islands (SPI-1 to SPI-5) of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis for chickens. BMC Microbiology, 9, 268.
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Publication 2009
Agar Animals Attention Aves Bromthymol Blue Cecum Chickens Cytokine Eosin Food Formaldehyde Hematoxylin Infection Institutional Ethics Committees Liver Microscopy Nalidixic Acid Peptones Secondary Infections SPI1 protein, human Spleen Strains Technique, Dilution Tissues
3
Measuring Larval Midgut pH Dynamics
Cited 7 times
pH was measured in the larval midgut using Thymol blue, m-Cresol purple, Cresol red, Bromocreosol purple, BromoThymol blue, Phenol Red and Congo red indicator dyes (all purchased from Sigma- Aldrich). Indicators were added to melted Drosophila diet (0.1% w/v), immediately mixed, and allowed to cool to room temperature. Larvae of the appropriate genotype were added, and after 2 hours the midgut excised in Schneider’s insect medium (Invitrogen). Micrographs were taken immediately using a Sony CyberShot NEX-C3 mounted on a Leica stereo microscope, as pH remains stable for only a few minutes after dissection. Images were processed using Adobe Photoshop CS5.1. Where noted, the diet was also supplemented with 1 mM Omeprazole (Sigma-Alrdich) or 100 μM acetazolamide (Sigma-Aldrich).
Overend G., Luo Y., Henderson L., Douglas A.E., Davies S.A, & Dow J.A. (2016). Molecular mechanism and functional significance of acid generation in the Drosophila midgut. Scientific Reports, 6, 27242.
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Publication 2016
3-cresol purple Acetazolamide Bromthymol Blue Diet Dissection Drosophila Dyes Genotype Insecta Larva Microscopy Omeprazole thymol blue
4
Characterization and Stability of Lipid Nanocapsules
Cited 7 times
The mean particle size and zeta potential of LNC formulations were measured by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS Zetasizer®Nano ZS Series DTS 1060, Malvern Instruments S.A., Worcestershire, UK) at a fixed angle at 25°C using a 4 mW He–Ne laser at 633 nm. LNCs dispersion was diluted 1:80 in deionized water and measurements were performed in triplicate. The stability of MFS-loaded LNCs regarding particle size, polydispersity index (PdI) and zeta potential was assessed after a 4 month-storage period at 4°C.
The morphology of LNCs was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using JEOL, JEM-100 CX Electron Microscope, Tokyo, Japan. Before analysis, the selected LNC dispersions were treated with a negative stain (2% w/v uranyl acetate solution) and sprayed onto copper grids. Shots were taken at X 7500 at 80 kV.
Entrapment efficiency (EE%) was calculated by determining the concentration of free MFS (un-entrapped) in the ultrafiltrate after separation of LNCs using an ultrafiltration / centrifugation technique (Sigma 3-30KS, Sigma Laborzentrifugen GmbH, Germany). A 5 ml-sample of LNC dispersion was added to the ultracentrifugal concentrator (Sartorius™ Vivaspin6™, MWCO 100,000) and centrifuged for 30 min at 3663 x g. A modified spectrophotometric assay reported for quaternary ammonium compounds using bromothymol blue (BTB) [21 (link)] was used for MFS determination in the ultrafiltrate. An aliquot of the ultrafiltrate was mixed with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) solution (0.4% w/v), BTB solution in methanol (0.06% w/v) and phosphate buffer saline pH 7.5 in the ratio 4:4:1:41 by volume. The color developed was measured at 616 nm. MFS concentration was calculated using calibration standards and blank LNC filtrates obtained under similar conditions. Linearity was checked within the 1–40 μg/ml range. Measurements were done in triplicate. The concentration of MFS in LNCs was calculated from the difference between the initial drug concentration and the free drug concentration in the ultrafiltrate. The same procedure was used to assess the effect of storage at 4°C for 4 months on the leakage of MFS from LNCs.
The release of MFS was determined at 37°C at 100 rpm in phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.4). A known volume of selected MFS-LNC dispersions was diluted to 5 ml with PBS to achieve sink conditions. At different time intervals, LNCs were separated and the whole filtrate was used to determine MFS concentration spectrophotometrically as described above. The % MFS released was calculated in triplicate relative to the theoretical initial drug content.
Eissa M.M., El-Moslemany R.M., Ramadan A.A., Amer E.I., El-Azzouni M.Z, & El-Khordagui L.K. (2015). Miltefosine Lipid Nanocapsules for Single Dose Oral Treatment of Schistosomiasis Mansoni: A Preclinical Study. PLoS ONE, 10(11), e0141788.
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Publication 2015
Biological Assay Bromthymol Blue Buffers Centrifugation Copper Dynamic Light Scattering Electron Microscopy Hypromellose Methanol Pharmaceutical Preparations Phosphates Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Saline Solution Spectrophotometry Stains Transmission Electron Microscopy Ultrafiltration uranyl acetate
5
Cryptococcus and Candida Isolates Storage
Cited 5 times
C. neoformans clinical isolates (Ugandan clinical [UgCl] isolates) from CSF samples were colony purified and stored as glycerol stocks. Cryptococcus and Candida albicans reference strains (56 (link)–62 (link); see Table S1 in the supplemental material) were also stored as glycerol stocks. All strains were grown on yeast peptone dextrose (YPD) medium prior to subsequent analysis. Complete Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM+C), niger seed, l-DOPA, canavanine glycine bromothymol blue (CGB), and Christensen’s urea media were used as previously described (63 (link), 64 (link)).
Wiesner D.L., Moskalenko O., Corcoran J.M., McDonald T., Rolfes M.A., Meya D.B., Kajumbula H., Kambugu A., Bohjanen P.R., Knight J.F., Boulware D.R, & Nielsen K. (2012). Cryptococcal Genotype Influences Immunologic Response and Human Clinical Outcome after Meningitis. mBio, 3(5), e00196-12.
Publication 2012
Bromthymol Blue Canavanine Candida albicans Cryptococcus Cryptococcus neoformans Eagle Glucose Glycerin Glycine Levodopa Peptones Strains Urea Yeasts

Most recents protocols related to «Bromthymol Blue»

1
Isolation and Characterization of Denitrifier Strains
Denitrifier strains were isolated from patches in the presence/absence of AMF at the second harvest in pot expt 2 to examine the enriched denitrifier community in the hyphosphere. Fresh soil was vortexed and suspended in ddH2O. Then, 105-fold dilutions of the soil suspension were spread on bromothymol blue (BTB) agar plates to isolate the denitrifiers [31 (link)]. Each sample was prepared in triplicate. The plates were incubated at 30 °C for 1–3 days. Separate blue colonies were isolated and purified by repeated streaking on BTB plates. The total bacterial DNA of each isolate was extracted from 1 mL culture suspension with a genomic DNA extraction kit (Tiangen Biotech, Beijing, China). The bacterial primers 27F/1492R were used for 16S rDNA amplification, and sequencing was performed by Tsingke Biotech, Beijing, China. The PCR thermal conditions are shown in Table S2. Following dereplication with a cut off value of 99% sequence similarity, the sequences were aligned with reference sequences in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank database. A phylogenetic tree was then constructed by the neighbor-joining method [32 (link)] with bootstrap analysis of 1000 replicates using MEGA version 5 [33 (link)].
The bacterial primers nosZ1527F/nosZ1773R were used for nosZ gene amplification to examine whether the Pseudomonas isolates possessed the nosZ gene (Table S2). The target band was detected, sequenced and then identified using a BLAST search in GenBank in NCBI. Three Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates (JL1, JL2, and JL3) possessing the nosZ gene were screened. The draft genomes of the three strains were sequenced. Details are shown in the Supplementary Information.
Li X., Zhao R., Li D., Wang G., Bei S., Ju X., An R., Li L., Kuyper T.W., Christie P., Bender F.S., Veen C., van der Heijden M.G., van der Putten W.H., Zhang F., Butterbach-Bahl K, & Zhang J. (2023). Mycorrhiza-mediated recruitment of complete denitrifying Pseudomonas reduces N2O emissions from soil. Microbiome, 11, 45.
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Publication 2023
Agar Bacteria Bromthymol Blue DNA, Bacterial DNA, Ribosomal Gene Amplification Genes Genome Oligonucleotide Primers Pseudomonas Pseudomonas fluorescens Strains Technique, Dilution
2
Murine Peritonitis/Sepsis Model Evaluation
The in vivo murine peritonitis/sepsis model was set up as previously described [48 (link)]. Briefly, eight NMRI mice per treatment group received an intraperitoneal injection with 5×106 c.f.u. of P. aeruginosa PAO1. One hour after infection the mice were treated with 30 mg kg−1 BW tobramycin, 1 mg kg−1 BW C-30 or a combination of both, and an untreated control group was treated with saline. The clinical condition of the mice was scored with a score from 0 to 6 (0=unaffected, 1=slightly affected, 2=affected, 3=clearly affected, 4=very affected and mouse must be sacrificed, 5=motionless and cold, 6=dead) as previously described [48 (link)]. The number of c.f.u. in the blood and peritoneal fluid 2 and 4 h after treatment was determined via serial dilution and drop plating on modified Conradi-Drigalski agar (10 g l−1 detergent, 1 g l−1 Na2S2O3 H2O, 0.1 g l−1 bromothymol blue, 9 g l−1 lactose and 0.4 g l−1 glucose, pH8.0; SSI, Denmark).
Bové M., Kolpen M., Lichtenberg M., Bjarnsholt T, & Coenye T. (2023). Adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms to tobramycin and the quorum sensing inhibitor C-30 during experimental evolution requires multiple genotypic and phenotypic changes. Microbiology, 169(1), 001278.
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Publication 2023
Aftercare Agar BLOOD Bromthymol Blue Common Cold Detergents Glucose Infection Injections, Intraperitoneal Lactose Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mus Peritoneal Fluid Peritonitis Pseudomonas aeruginosa Saline Solution Sepsis Technique, Dilution Tobramycin Training Programs
3
Microfluidic Droplet Generation for Primer Barcoding
A 1‐mL plastic syringe affixed with Teflon tubing (i.d. 0.46 mm, o.d. 0.92 mm) was filled with HFE‐7500 oil containing 2% (wt/wt) 008‐FluoroSurfactant (RAN biotechnologies). Another syringe affixed with Teflon tubing was filled with pure HFE‐7500 oil (3 M), and a 50‐µL template solution (see detailed components below) was loaded into the tubing. These two syringes were directedly connected to the corresponding droplet generator via the Teflon tubing and then actuated with a syringe pump (Biotaor). The generated template droplets directly flowed into the oil‐filled microwell array chip (RAN biotechnologies) via Teflon tubing.
To generate the color code for primer droplets, three indicator dyes including phenol red (PR, Sigma), bromothymol blue (BTB, Sigma), and orange G (OG, Sigma) were selected. These indicator dyes were individually dissolved in nuclease‐free water (Takara) at a concentration of 10 mM. Combinations of two‐indicator dyes were prepared according to the volume ratios in Table S1, Supporting Information (also see corresponding primer sets). A volume of 10.6 µL of these dye combinations was added to the primer solutions (see detailed components below). The generation of primer droplets was as described above. The primer droplets were collected in a PCR strip. A volume of 10 µL of each primer droplet set was pooled into a single PCR tube via pipetting to form a droplet library. The tube was manually flipped several times to mix the droplets thoroughly.
Cai D., Wang Y., Zou J., Li Z., Huang E., Ouyang X., Que Z., Luo Y., Chen Z., Jiang Y., Zhang G., Wu H, & Liu D. (2023). Droplet Encoding‐Pairing Enabled Multiplexed Digital Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Simultaneous Quantitative Detection of Multiple Pathogens. Advanced Science, 10(7), 2205863.
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Publication 2023
Bromthymol Blue DNA Chips DNA Library HFE-7500 Oligonucleotide Primers Orange G Syringes Teflon
4
Gelation and Biocompatibility of LM Pectin
LM pectin (GENU pectin LM-102AS-J) was provided
by Sansho Co. Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). The average degree of methoxylation
was ∼30% and that of amidation was ∼19%. CaCO3 and GDL were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corp. (Osaka,
Japan). Bromothymol blue (BTB) solution (0.04%) was purchased from
Kanto Chemical Co. Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). SodaStream Spirit One Touch
(SodaStream International Ltd., Israel) was employed to produce the
carbonated water. The water used in this study was purified using
a Milli-Q system (Nihon Millipore Co., Tokyo, Japan). All reagents
were used without further purification. Dulbecco’s modified
Eagle medium (DMEM), penicillin–streptomycin (PS), and fetal
bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Life Technologies Corp. (Grand
Island, NY, USA). Cell Counting Kit-8, Calcein-AM, and Ethidium homodimer
(EthD-1) were purchased from DOJINDO Lab. Co. (Kumamoto, Japan).
Teshima R., Osawa S., Kawano Y., Hanawa T., Kikuchi A, & Otsuka H. (2023). Physicochemical Properties of Egg-Box-Mediated Hydrogels with Transiently Decreased pH Employing Carbonated Water. ACS Omega, 8(8), 7800-7807.
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Publication 2023
Bromthymol Blue Carbonate, Calcium ethidium homodimer ethidium homodimer-1 fluorexon Knee Methoxypectin Penicillins Serum Streptomycin Touch
5
Comprehensive Grape Berry Characterization
In each treatment, 100 berries (per replication) were arbitrarily chosen to develop the technological maturity. Firstly, the berries of each treatment were independently weighed with the Kern PCD model (a precision digital scale). The sample was squeezed to analyze the sugar content (expressed in Brix degree), total acidity (expressed in g L-1 tartaric acid), and pH. The following tools and products were employed for technological analysis: a portable optical refractometer (RHA-503), a pH meter (HHTEC), bromothymol blue, glass burettes, and a sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH-0.1 M).
In each treatment, 100 more berries (per replication) were arbitrarily chosen to develop phenolic maturity. Total and extractable polyphenols and total and extractable anthocyanins were estimated by the Glories method [145 (link)].
The determination of nine major anthocyanins (Cyanidin-3-glucoside, Delphinidin-3-glucoside, Malvidin-3-acetylglucoside, Malvidin-3-cumarylglucoside, Malvidin-3-glucoside, Peonidin-3-acetylglucoside, Peonidin-3-cumarylglucoside, Peonidin-3-glucoside, and Petunidin-3-glucoside) in the musts was performed according to OIV MA AS315 11: R2007 1 Method OIV MA AS315 11 TypeII method HPLC-Determination, by an external laboratory (ISVEA), under the analysis conditions proposed by Resolution Oeno 22/2003, changed by Oeno 12/2007 [146 ]. In addition, with high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) [147 (link)], Coumaric Acid, Gallic Acid, Caffeic Acid, Ferulic Acid, Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, Quercetin-3-O-glucoside, Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, Quercetin-3-O-galactoside, and Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide were evaluated. The berry samples were kept at −80 °C until they demanded analysis. The determination of yeast assimilable nitrogen (as the sum of amino and ammoniacal nitrogen) in musts was performed with an enzymatic colorimetric kit (Steroglass, S. Martino Campo—Pg, Italy).
Finally, the cluster number per vine, the weight of the bunch per vine, and the total yield/vine were determined at harvest with a digital scale (VAR model, Italy) (10 grapevines per treatment).
Cataldo E., Fucile M., Manzi D., Masini C.M., Doni S, & Mattii G.B. (2023). Sustainable Soil Management: Effects of Clinoptilolite and Organic Compost Soil Application on Eco-Physiology, Quercitin, and Hydroxylated, Methoxylated Anthocyanins on Vitis vinifera. Plants, 12(4), 708.
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Publication 2023
Anthocyanins Berries Bromthymol Blue caffeic acid Carbohydrates Colorimetry Coumaric Acids cyanidin-3-glucoside delphinidin 3-O-glucopyranoside DNA Replication Enzymes ferulic acid Gallic Acid Heartburn High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies hyperoside kaempferol-3-O-glucoside malvidin malvidin-3-glucoside Nitrogen peonidin peonidin 3-glucoside petunidin-3-glucoside Polyphenols quercetin-3-O-rutinoside quercetin 3'-O-glucoside quercetin 3-O-glucuronide Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sodium Hydroxide Spectrometry tartaric acid Vision

Top products related to «Bromthymol Blue»

1
Bromothymol blue by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Spain
Bromothymol blue is a pH indicator dye used in laboratories. It exhibits different colors in acidic, neutral, and basic solutions, making it useful for pH testing and determination.
2
Phenol red by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Macao, France, China, Spain, India, Japan, Switzerland
Phenol red is a pH indicator commonly used in biological and biochemical applications. It is a synthetic organic compound that changes color depending on the pH of the solution it is added to. Phenol red exhibits a range of colors from yellow at acidic pH values to purple at basic pH values, making it a useful tool for monitoring pH changes in various laboratory experiments and processes.
3
Sodium hydroxide (naoh) by Merck Group
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Sodium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white, odorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and is a strong base. It is commonly used in various laboratory applications as a reagent.
4
Thymol blue by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Thymol blue is a pH indicator dye used in analytical chemistry and biology laboratories. It is a chromogenic compound that changes color across the pH range, allowing it to be used to measure and monitor pH levels in various solutions and samples.
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Phenolphthalein by Merck Group
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Phenolphthalein is a chemical compound commonly used as an indicator in acid-base titrations. It is a colorless compound that turns pink or red in basic solutions, and is commonly used in pH testing applications.
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The LC-2000Plus System is a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) instrument designed for analytical and preparative applications. It features a modular design, allowing for the integration of various components, including pumps, autosamplers, and detectors, to create a customized solution for specific laboratory needs. The system provides precise control of solvent delivery, sample injection, and data acquisition, enabling reliable and accurate analysis of a wide range of samples.
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Hydrochloric acid is a commonly used laboratory reagent. It is a clear, colorless, and highly corrosive liquid with a pungent odor. Hydrochloric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas.
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Magnesium sulfate by Merck Group
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Magnesium sulfate is a chemical compound with the formula MgSO4. It is a white, crystalline solid that is commonly used in various laboratory applications.
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Methyl red by Merck Group
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Methyl red is a pH indicator used in laboratory settings. It is a chemical compound that changes color in response to changes in pH levels, making it a useful tool for monitoring and measuring the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
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Acetic acid by Merck Group
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Acetic acid is a colorless, vinegar-like liquid chemical compound. It is a commonly used laboratory reagent with the molecular formula CH3COOH. Acetic acid serves as a solvent, a pH adjuster, and a reactant in various chemical processes.

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