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Butorphanol

Butorphanol is a potent synthetic opioid analgesic that is used to treat moderate to severe pain.
It acts as a partial agonist at mu-opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa-opioid receptors, producing analgesia and sedation.
Butorphanol is available as a nasal spray and injection for the managment of acute pain, including post-operative pain, migranie, and cancer pain.
Resaearchers can optimie butorphanol research protocols using PubCompare.ai's AI-driven comparisons to identify the most effective products and protocols to advance their butorphanol studies.

Most cited protocols related to «Butorphanol»

Formalin and ProHance Staining for High-SNR MRI

Cited 19 times

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Publication 2014

Adult Animals Brain Butorphanol Cranium Diagnosis Fluorocarbons Flushing Forests Formalin gadoteridol Head Injections, Intraperitoneal Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Males Nembutal Normal Saline Pharmaceutical Preparations Phosphates Prohance Rats, Sprague-Dawley Rivers Saline Solution Seizures Submersion Susceptibility, Disease Tissues

Opioid Prescription Patterns in Chronic Pain

Cited 13 times

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Publication 2010

acetaminophen - codeine AN 12 Analgesics Butorphanol Clinic Visits Darvon Demerol Dilaudid Drugs, Non-Prescription Duragesic Ethics Committees, Research Fentanyl Hydrocodone Hydromorphone Inpatient Levo-Dromoran Levorphanol Meperidine Methadone Morphine Nalbuphine Nubain Numorphan Opana Opioids Oxycodone Oxycontin Oxymorphone Pain Patients Pentazocine Percocet Propoxyphene Stadol Talwin Vicodin

SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Syrian Hamsters

Cited 9 times

Syrian hamsters (male, 4 weeks old) were purchased from Japan SLC and divided into groups by simple randomization. Baseline body weights were measured before infection. For the virus infection experiments, hamsters were anaesthetized by intramuscular injection of a mixture of 0.15 mg kg⁻¹ medetomidine hydrochloride (Domitor, Nippon Zenyaku Kogyo), 2.0 mg kg⁻¹ midazolam (Dormicum, FUJIFILM Wako Chemicals) and 2.5 mg kg⁻¹ butorphanol (Vetorphale, Meiji Seika Pharma). The B.1.1 virus, Delta, Omicron (10,000 TCID₅₀ in 100 µl) or saline (100 µl) were intranasally inoculated under anaesthesia. Oral swabs were daily collected under anaesthesia with isoflurane (Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma). Body weight, enhanced pause (Penh, see below), the ratio of time to peak expiratory follow relative to the total expiratory time (Rpef, see below) and subcutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO₂, see below) were monitored at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 15 d.p.i. Respiratory organs were anatomically collected at 1, 3, 5 and 7 d.p.i. (for lung) or 1, 3 and 7 d.p.i. (for trachea). Viral RNA load in the oral swabs and respiratory tissues was determined by RT–qPCR. Viral titres in the lung hilum were determined by TCID₅₀. These tissues were also used for histopathological and IHC analyses (see below). No method of randomization was used to determine how the animals were allocated to the experimental groups and processed in this study because covariates (sex and age) were identical. The number of investigators was limited, as most of experiments were performed in high-containment laboratories. Therefore, blinding was not carried out.

Suzuki R., Yamasoba D., Kimura I., Wang L., Kishimoto M., Ito J., Morioka Y., Nao N., Nasser H., Uriu K., Kosugi Y., Tsuda M., Orba Y., Sasaki M., Shimizu R., Kawabata R., Yoshimatsu K., Asakura H., Nagashima M., Sadamasu K., Yoshimura K., Sawa H., Ikeda T., Irie T., Matsuno K., Tanaka S., Fukuhara T, & Sato K. (2022). Attenuated fusogenicity and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. Nature, 603(7902), 700-705.

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Publication 2022

Anesthesia Animals Body Weight Butorphanol Dormicum Exhaling Hamsters Herpesvirus 1, Cercopithecine Infection Intramuscular Injection Isoflurane Lung Males Medetomidine Hydrochloride Mesocricetus auratus Midazolam Oxygen Saturation Pneumonia, Viral Respiratory Rate Saline Solution Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen Tissues Trachea Virus Diseases

SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Syrian Hamsters

Cited 7 times

Syrian hamsters (male, 4 weeks old) were purchased from Japan SLC. Baseline body weights were measured before infection. For the virus infection experiments in Fig. 2c, d, hamsters were euthanized by intramuscular injection of a mixture of 0.15 mg kg⁻¹ medetomidine hydrochloride (Domitor, Nippon Zenyaku Kogyo), 2.0 mg kg⁻¹ midazolam (Dormicum, Maruishi Pharmaceutical) and 2.5 mg kg⁻¹ butorphanol (Vetorphale, Meiji Seika Pharma). The B.1.1 or B.1.167.2/Delta viruses (10⁵ TCID₅₀ in 100 µl) were intranasally infected under anaesthesia. Body weights were measured, and oral swabs were collected under anaesthesia with isoflurane (Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma) daily. For the virus infection in Fig. 4, four hamsters per group were intranasally inoculated with the D614G or the D614G/P681R viruses (10⁴ TCID₅₀ in 30 μl) under isoflurane anaesthesia. Body weight was monitored daily for 7 days. For virological examinations, four hamsters per group were intranasally infected with the D614G or the D614G/P681R viruses (10⁴ TCID₅₀ in 30 μl); at 3 and 7 d.p.i., the hamsters were euthanized, and nasal turbinates and lungs were collected. The virus titres in the nasal turbinates and lungs were determined by plaque assays in VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells.

Saito A., Irie T., Suzuki R., Maemura T., Nasser H., Uriu K., Kosugi Y., Shirakawa K., Sadamasu K., Kimura I., Ito J., Wu J., Iwatsuki-Horimoto K., Ito M., Yamayoshi S., Loeber S., Tsuda M., Wang L., Ozono S., Butlertanaka E.P., Tanaka Y.L., Shimizu R., Shimizu K., Yoshimatsu K., Kawabata R., Sakaguchi T., Tokunaga K., Yoshida I., Asakura H., Nagashima M., Kazuma Y., Nomura R., Horisawa Y., Yoshimura K., Takaori-Kondo A., Imai M., Tanaka S., Nakagawa S., Ikeda T., Fukuhara T., Kawaoka Y, & Sato K. (2021). Enhanced fusogenicity and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Delta P681R mutation. Nature, 602(7896), 300-306.

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Publication 2021

Anesthesia Biological Assay Body Weight Butorphanol Cells Dental Plaque Dormicum Hamsters Herpesvirus 1, Cercopithecine Infection Intramuscular Injection Isoflurane Lung Males Medetomidine Hydrochloride Mesocricetus auratus Midazolam Pharmaceutical Preparations Physical Examination TMPRSS2 protein, human Turbinates Virus Virus Diseases

Comparative Anesthetic Protocols in Mice

Cited 7 times

The anesthetic, sedative, and analgesic agents used in the present study were as follows:
ketamine hydrochloride (Ketalar, Sankyo Lifetech Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), xylazine
(Celactar, Bayer Yakuhin Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), pentobarbital sodium (Somnopentyl, Kyoritsu
Seiyaku Co., Ltd.), medetomidine hydrochloride (Domitol, Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.,
Tokyo, Japan), midazolam (Dormicum, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tokyo, Japan), butorphanol
(Vetorphale, Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.), and isoflurane (Isoflu, DS Pharma Animal
Health Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan). All agents were kept at room temperature before use.
Animals were divided into four groups corresponding to each anesthetic protocol as
follows: ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine combined (K/X; ketamine hydrochloride 100
mg/kg and xylazine 10 mg/kg); pentobarbital monoanesthesia (50 mg/kg); medetomidine,
midazolam, and butorphanol combined (M/M/B; medetomidine 0.3 mg/kg, midazolam 4 mg/kg, and
butorphanol 5 mg/kg); and inhalant anesthesia using isoflurane (5% for induction and 2%
for maintenance). In the M/M/B group, mice were administered atipamezole (Antisedan,
Zoetis Japan Inc., Tokyo, Japan) at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg 30 min after the administration of
M/M/B. All injectable anesthetics were administered intraperitoneally. The dose and
concentration of each agent were as reported previously in mice [4 (link), 5 (link), 17 (link)]. Before administration, the concentration of M/M/B, K/X, and
pentobarbital sodium was adjusted to 6 ml/kg by diluting with saline. In the M/M/B
anesthetic group, a mixture of medetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol with saline was
prepared and then concurrently administered. Similarly, the mixture of ketamine
hydrochloride and xylazine was adjusted with saline before concurrent administration.
Isoflurane anesthesia was administered using a commercially available rodent inhalant
anesthesia apparatus (SomnoSuite Small Animal Anesthesia System, Kent Scientific
Corporation), which has a digital vaporizer and internal air-flow pump. The vaporized
anesthetic gas was introduced into the induction chamber and nose mask (Kent Scientific
Corporation) at a flow rate of 32 ml/min. The nose mask was covered with a latex membrane
that had a hole in the center to fit closely around the nose. Initially, mice were induced
with isoflurane at a 5% concentration. Once loss of the postural reaction and righting
reflex was confirmed, the mice were rapidly transferred to the nose mask, and anesthesia
was maintained with 2% isoflurane (Fig. 1Fig. 1.

Vital signs monitoring during isoflurane anesthesia in mice. The rectal probe and
pulse oximeter are located at the colorectum and tail base, respectively.

Tsukamoto A., Serizawa K., Sato R., Yamazaki J, & Inomata T. (2014). Vital signs monitoring during injectable and inhalant anesthesia in mice. Experimental Animals, 64(1), 57-64.

Publication 2014

Analgesics Anesthesia Anesthetics Animals atipamezole Butorphanol Dormicum Fingers Inhalation Drug Administration Isoflurane Ketalar Ketamine Hydrochloride Latex Medetomidine Medetomidine Hydrochloride Mice, House Midazolam Nose Pentobarbital Pentobarbital Sodium Rectum Rodent Saline Solution Sedatives Signs, Vital Sodium Tail Vaporizers Xylazine

Most recents protocols related to «Butorphanol»

Mosquito Feeding Behavior and Mortality

The A. aegypti isolate was obtained from the Department of Parasitology and Entomology at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK, in 1972. TRS Labs, Incorporated obtained this isolate from the University of Georgia in 1980. During the years that the mosquitoes were maintained at University of Georgia and then at TRS Labs, Incorporated, both laboratory colonies were refreshed with eggs from the other colony.
Post-treatment mosquito infestations were performed on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35. For each infestation, dogs were sedated with Dexdomitor at 0.04 mL/kg and Butorphanol at 0.02 mL/kg, or Dexdomitor at 0.04 mL/kg and Butorphanol at 0.02 mL/kg plus Antisedan at 0.15 mL/kg to prevent mosquito-bite hypersensitivity reactions, and placed into individual infestation chamber into which 50 ± 5 unfed female adult A. aegypti mosquitoes were released. After 60 ± 10 min of exposure, all live mosquitoes were removed from the infestation chamber and the dogs were then carefully taken out of the chamber to allow for removal of the dead mosquitoes. All dead mosquitoes collected from the infestation chamber were then counted. All fed live and moribund mosquitoes in the infestation chamber were aspirated into separate incubation cartons (one chamber per animal) using a vacuum pump, and were counted and evaluated for feeding status. Other mosquitoes (dead, and live unfed mosquitoes) were discarded. The live fed mosquitoes were kept in an incubation carton which had a nylon screen mesh top. On the tops (lids) of the incubation cartons, the mosquitoes had cubes of sugar and cotton soaked with sugar water at their disposal. Dead mosquitoes were counted at 12 ± 2 h, 24 ± 2 h and 48 ± 2 h after exposure to the animals (study 1) or at 24 ± 2 h, 48 ± 2 h, 72 ± 2 h, 96 ± 2 h, and 120 ± 2 h after exposure (study 2). Dead mosquitoes were counted after they had been removed from the incubation carton at each time point, while the live/moribund mosquitoes remained in the carton until after the last observation had been made.
During the counts, the mosquitoes were categorized as live, moribund, or dead and as fed or unfed. A mosquito was considered live when it exhibited normal behaviour, such as being capable of walking or flying. A mosquito was considered moribund if it was unable to perform normal locomotion and exhibited clear signs of neurological disruption, such as showing a lack of balance or being unable to fly in response to external stimuli. The feeding status of live or moribund mosquitoes was determined with the naked eye according to distension of the abdomen and the presence of blood in the abdomen. Dead mosquitoes were assessed for feeding status by placing each of them on tissue paper and squashing the abdomen with a spatula or other suitable object to assess if a blood meal had been taken.

Geurden T., Chapin S., McCall J.W., Mansour A., Mahabir S.P., Kryda K, & McTier T. (2023). Insecticidal activity of Simparica and Simparica Trio against Aedes aegypti in dogs. Parasites & Vectors, 16, 95.

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Publication 2023

Abdomen Adult Animals BLOOD Butorphanol Canis familiaris Carbohydrates Cuboid Bone Culicidae Dental Occlusion Eggs Females Gossypium Hypersensitivity Locomotion Nylons Parasitic Diseases Tissues Vacuum

Animal Model for Behavioral Studies

Male C57Bl/6N mice purchased from SLC (Shizuoka, Japan) were maintained in a temperature- and humidity-controlled room with a 12-h light/dark cycle and free access to food and water. Animals associated with tissue or cell sampling were euthanized by cervical dislocation after intraperitoneal injection of an anesthetic mixture consisting of medetomidine (0.3 mg/kg, Meiji Seika Pharma, Tokyo, Japan), midazolam (4 mg/kg; Sandoz, Tokyo, Japan), and butorphanol (5 mg/kg, Meiji Seika Pharma); VPA was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All animal care and experimental procedures complied with the regulations for animal experiments and related activities of the Tohoku University. This study was approved by the Tohoku University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. This study was conducted in accordance with the ARRIVE guidelines.

Sakai K., Hara K, & Tanemura K. (2023). Testicular histone hyperacetylation in mice by valproic acid administration affects the next generation by changes in sperm DNA methylation. PLOS ONE, 18(3), e0282898.

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Publication 2023

Anesthetics Animals Butorphanol Cells Food Humidity Injections, Intraperitoneal Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Joint Dislocations Males Medetomidine Mice, Inbred C57BL Midazolam Neck Tissues

Stereotactic Implantation of Microdrives

We stereotactically implanted two microdrives in each bird. The electrodes were positioned in NCL [anteroposterior (AP), +5.0; mediolateral (ML), –7.5; dorsoventral (DV), –1.5] and NIML (AP, +9.5; ML, –3.5; DV, –2.3) of the right hemisphere (Karten and Hodos, 1967 ). Coordinates for the regions were based on histologic studies on the localization of NCL (Waldmann and Güntürkün, 1993 (link); Herold et al., 2011 (link)) and NIML (Rehkämper et al., 1985 (link)). The birds were anesthetized using isoflurane and received meloxicam (2 mg/kg, i.m.) for analgesia. The skull was exposed, and small craniotomies were made over the target structures. Electrodes and microdrives were fixated with dental acrylic to small bone screws, one of which served as a ground for the recordings. After surgery, the birds received several days of recovery, with monitoring and analgesic treatment of butorphanol (1.5 ml/kg, i.m.). In one of the birds, the left hemisphere was also implanted with the same coordinates in a separate surgery.

Hahn L.A, & Rose J. (2023). Executive Control of Sequence Behavior in Pigeons Involves Two Distinct Brain Regions. eNeuro, 10(3), ENEURO.0296-22.2023.

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Publication 2023

Analgesics Aves Bone Screws Butorphanol Craniotomy Cranium Dental Health Services Isoflurane Management, Pain Meloxicam Operative Surgical Procedures

Computational Mesh Generation for Rat Brain Modeling

The computational mesh used for the simulations in this paper was constructed from the “Waxholm Space Atlas of the Sprague Dawley Rat Brain v4” (RRID: SCR_017124) [73 (link)–75 ], available under the licence CC-BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) at https://www.nitrc.org/projects/whs-sd-atlas. The atlas provides a detailed segmentation of different regions within the rat brain.
In the original study behind the atlas [73 (link)], the animal was anaesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of a mixture of Nembutal (Ovation Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lake Forest, IL) and butorphanol, and transcardially perfused with 0.9% saline and ProHance (10:1 v:v) for 4 minutes followed by a flush of ProHance in 10% phosphate-buffered formalin (1:10 v:v). All procedures and experiments in their work were approved by the Duke University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee [73 (link)].
Since the models in this paper do not separate between tissue from different regions of the brain, the segmentation is mainly of interest for removing unwanted sections. Most importantly, we wanted to remove the segments representing various parts of the ventricles. Moreover, we removed some external artefacts such as the spinal trigeminal tract, the optic nerves, and parts of the auditory system [74 (link)].
The various segments in the raw data file have a few irregularities. For example, in regions where the lateral ventricles are very thin, small groups of unlabeled voxels create holes in the 3D reconstruction of the ventricles. To repair these irregularities, we have made use of 3D Slicer (https://www.slicer.org/), an open-source software application for visualization and analysis of medical images [76 (link)]. 3D Slicer provides a segment editor with tools for manual labelling of voxels, hole filling and surface smoothing. After refining the segmentation of the ventricular system, it may be removed from the original volume to create a realistic representation of the brain surface. The surface is exported as an stl-file to be used in the meshing algorithm.
The creation of the computational mesh is performed by SVMTK (https://github.com/SVMTK/SVMTK), which provides a python API for 3D mesh generation methods from the CGAL library. The mesh generation algorithm consists of a Delaunay refinement process followed by an optimization phase [77 ]. Following the procedures described in [78 ], we created the mesh illustrated in Fig 2a.
To solve the Eqs (1) and (3), we use the finite element method for the discretization in space and an implicit Euler method to integrate the resulting ordinary differential systems in time.
In this paper, we choose a resolution for the spatial mesh of h = 1/32. The temporal domain is [0, T] with T = 360min with a time step of Δt = 1min. Details of the mesh and time resolutions can be found in Appendix C.2 in S3 Appendix. The numerical scheme has been implemented using the FEniCS Library [79 , 80 ], and the linear system was solved using the generalized minimal residual method (GMRES) and the incomplete LU (ILU) preconditioner. Our code is publicly available on GitHub at the following link: https://github.com/jorgenriseth/multicompartment-solute-transport.

Poulain A., Riseth J, & Vinje V. (2023). Multi-compartmental model of glymphatic clearance of solutes in brain tissue. PLOS ONE, 18(3), e0280501.

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Publication 2023

Animals Auditory Perception Brain Butorphanol Cerebral Ventricles DNA Library Flushing Forests Formalin Heart Ventricle Injections, Intraperitoneal Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Nembutal Normal Saline Optic Nerve Pharmaceutical Preparations Phosphates Prohance Python Rats, Sprague-Dawley Reconstructive Surgical Procedures Tissues Ventricle, Lateral

Embryo Transfer and Pseudopregnancy Mice

The two-cell embryos were transferred into the oviducts of females with pseudopregnancy that were stimulated the day before embryo transfer or mated with vasectomized males. Pronuclear, two-cell, or genome-edited pronuclear embryos were transferred into the oviducts of females with pseudopregnancy that were stimulated on the day of embryo transfer. Females were anesthetized using the mixture of medetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol during operation. The number of implantation sites and offspring were counted after euthanasia by cervical dislocation at 18 days following gestation.

Wake Y., Endo M., Tsunoda S., Tawara H., Abe H., Nakagawa Y, & Kaneko T. (2023). Successful induction of pseudopregnancy using sonic vibration in mice. Scientific Reports, 13, 3604.

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Publication 2023

Butorphanol Cells Embryo Euthanasia Females Genome Joint Dislocations Males Medetomidine Midazolam Neck Oviducts Ovum Implantation Pregnancy Pseudocyesis Transfers, Embryo

Top products related to «Butorphanol»

Butorphanol by Meiji Seika Pharma

Sourced in Japan, Switzerland

Butorphanol is a synthetic opioid analgesic used as a laboratory reagent. It is a derivative of the naturally occurring alkaloid morphine and is classified as a mixed agonist-antagonist opioid. Butorphanol has analgesic and sedative properties, and is commonly used in research settings involving pain management and drug development studies.

Vetorphale by Meiji Seika Pharma

Sourced in Japan

Vetorphale is a laboratory equipment designed for the separation and analysis of peptides and proteins. It utilizes a specialized chromatography technique to isolate and purify these biomolecules from complex samples. The core function of Vetorphale is to provide researchers and scientists with a reliable and efficient tool for the study of peptides and proteins, which are essential components in various biological and pharmaceutical applications.

Midazolam by Sandoz

Sourced in Japan, Finland, Canada

Midazolam is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Sandoz. It is a short-acting benzodiazepine used for various medical purposes, including as a sedative, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant agent. The core function of Midazolam is to provide a controlled and reliable source of this pharmaceutical compound for use in research, clinical trials, and other scientific applications.

Medetomidine by Nippon Zenyaku Kogyo

Sourced in Japan

Medetomidine is a synthetic chemical compound used as a sedative and analgesic agent for laboratory animals. It acts as an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, providing a reversible state of unconsciousness and pain relief in research subjects.

Midazolam by Astellas Pharma

Sourced in Japan

Midazolam is a benzodiazepine medication that is used as a sedative and anesthetic. It has a rapid onset of action and a relatively short duration of effect. Midazolam is primarily used in medical settings, such as for procedural sedation, induction of anesthesia, and the treatment of certain types of seizures.

Torbugesic by Zoetis

Sourced in United States, France, Finland, United Kingdom, Canada

Torbugesic is a veterinary pharmaceutical product manufactured by Zoetis. It is a butorphanol tartrate injection solution used for the management of pain in animals.

Dormicum by Astellas Pharma

Sourced in Japan, Finland

Dormicum is a benzodiazepine medication primarily used as a sedative and hypnotic. It is a prescription drug indicated for the short-term treatment of insomnia. Dormicum works by enhancing the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter in the brain, to promote relaxation and sleep. The product is available in various dosage forms, including tablets and oral solution.

Domitor by Nippon Zenyaku Kogyo

Sourced in Japan

Domitor is a sedative and analgesic agent used in veterinary medicine. It is designed to induce a state of calm and reduced sensitivity to pain in animals.

Medetomidine by Kyoritsu Seiyaku

Sourced in Japan

Medetomidine is a selective alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist used as a sedative and analgesic in laboratory animals. It is a powder form for research use.

Butorphanol by Zoetis

Sourced in Finland, Denmark

Butorphanol is a synthetic opioid analgesic medication used as a veterinary pharmaceutical product. It serves as a pain reliever and sedative for animals. The core function of Butorphanol is to provide analgesia and sedation in veterinary settings.

What is Butorphanol and how does it work?

Butorphanol is a potent synthetic opioid analgesic that is used to treat moderate to severe pain. It acts as a partial agonist at mu-opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa-opioid receptors, producing analgesia (pain relief) and sedation. This unique mechanism of action makes Butorphanol an effective option for managing acute pain, including post-operative pain, migraine, and cancer pain.

What are the different formulations of Butorphanol available?

Butorphanol is available in two main formulations: nasal spray and injection. The nasal spray is commonly used for the management of acute pain, while the injectable form is typically administered in a clinical setting for more severe or persistent pain. Both formulations provide effective pain relief, but the specific application may depend on the needs of the patient and the type of pain being treated.

How can PubCompare.ai help optimize Butorphanol research protocols?

PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can be extremely helpful in optimizing Butorphanol research protocols. The tool allows you to screen protocol literature more efficiently, leveraging AI to pinpoint critical insights. By identifying the most effective protocols related to Butorphanol, the platform can help researchers choose the best options for reproducibility and accuracy in their studies. This can save time and resources, while also improving the overall quality and outcomes of Butorphanol research.

What are some common usage challenges with Butorphanol?

One of the main challenges with Butorphanol is the potential for respiratory depression, especially when used in higher doses or in combination with other CNS depressants. Proper dosage monitoring and patient selection are critical to mitigate this risk. Additionally, Butorphanol can cause euphoria and has a potential for abuse, so prescribers must be vigilant in monitoring for signs of misuse or diversion. Careful patient education and follow-up are important to ensure the safe and effective use of Butorphanol.

What specific applications is Butorphanol used for?

Butorphanol is commonly used to treat a variety of acute pain conditions, including post-operative pain, migraine, and cancer-related pain. The nasal spray formulation is particularly useful for the rapid relief of migraine headaches, while the injectable form is often used in a hospital or clinical setting for more severe or persistent pain. Butorphanol's unique mechanism of action makes it an important tool in the management of complex pain syndromes that may not respond well to traditional opioid analgesics.

More about "Butorphanol"

Butorphanol, a powerful synthetic opioid analgesic, is a versatile medication used to manage moderate to severe pain.
It works by partially activating mu-opioid receptors and fully activating kappa-opioid receptors, leading to effective analgesia and sedation.
This medication is available in both nasal spray and injectable forms, making it suitable for treating acute pain, including post-operative discomfort, migraines, and cancer-related pain.
To optimize your research protocols involving Butorphanol, you can leverage the AI-driven comparisons provided by PubCompare.ai.
This powerful tool enables you to easily identify the most effective products and protocols from the literature, preprints, and patents, helping you advance your Butorphanol studies with confidence.
Researchers may also find it useful to explore the related medications Vetorphale, Midazolam, Medetomidine, Torbugesic, Dormicum, and Domitor, as they share some similarities in their mechanisms of action and clinical applications.
By understanding the nuances and synergies between these compounds, you can optimize your experimental designs and maximize the impact of your Butorphanol research.
Experince the power of PubCompare.ai today and take your Butorphanol research to new heights!