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Butyl acetate

Butyl acetate is a colorless, volatile liquid with a sweet, fruity odor.
It is commonly used as a solvent, in lacquers, varnishes, and other coatings, as well as in the manufacture of perfumes and flavors.
Butyl acetate is easily absorbed through the skin and can cause irritation and drowsiness if inhaled or ingested in large quantities.
Researchers can use PubCompare.ai's AI-powered platform to optimize their protocols for reproducibility and accuracy when working with this chemical, exploring the latest literature, pre-prints, and patents to find the best procedures and products.

Most cited protocols related to «Butyl acetate»

1
Mass Spectrometric Lipid Profiling
Cited 56 times
Experimental spectra were obtained on a LTQ linear ion trap mass spectrometer, a hybrid LTQ-FT-ICR mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and a 6530 QTOF mass spectrometer (Agilent). All lipid standards were obtained from Sigma/Aldrich and Avanti Polar Lipids. The infusion of lipid standards and extracted lipid samples was performed using a chip based nano-electrospray infusion (Advion Nanomate). Plasma lipids were extracted using methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE)24 (link). In brief, methanol (225 μL) was added to 30 μL blood plasma and shaken with an additional 750 μL of methyl-tert-butyl ether solvent. Phase separation of this extract was induced by adding 187.5 μL of water, vortexing and centrifuging the mixture at 14,000 g for 2 min. The upper organic phase was collected and dried in a vacuum centrifuge. After adding 10 μL of 100 mM ammonium acetate to 90 μL of the supernatant, lipid extracts were infused into the mass spectrometers using an Advion Nanomate chip-based infusion system (nanoESI). Ion trap mass spectra were collected in low resolution mode (1,500 resolving power) on the linear ion trap. The data collection method performed a full scan and a data dependent MS/MS scan of the most abundant ions. Different CID voltages in the range from 0V to 100V were used for evaluation of spectra. For abundance calculations standard spectra were scanned in low-resolution mode with 15V, 20V, 25V, 35V, 45V and 55V CID voltage to obtain specific MS/MS fragmentations. All spectra were recorded with the Thermo Xcalibur software. An infusion time of 30 seconds was set up in full scan mode with 0V CID with an additional 30 seconds of data dependent MS/MS scans to obtain tandem mass spectra for the largest peaks. For each sample, around 50 MS/MS scans were averaged. NIST SRM 1950 blood plasma samples were infused for around 10 minutes to allow the acquisition of a higher number of MS/MS scans.
The 6530 QTOF mass spectrometer for measurement of reference compounds was operated with the following parameters. An Agilent JetStream electrospray source was used in infusion mode at a flow rate of 0.25 ml/min for acquiring QTOF MS and MS/MS spectra. Data were collected with a 0.25 s scan rate in both profile and centroid modes, and mass calibration was maintained by constant infusion of reference ions at 121.0509 and 922.0098 m/z. MS/MS data was generated utilizing data-dependent MS/MS triggering with dynamic exclusion. Precursor ions, with a minimum 1 k signal intensity were isolated with a 4 m/z isolation width (medium setting), and a variable collision energy was applied based on precursor ion m/z (10 eV + 0.03 eV × ion m/z). Data were exported into the open exchange format mzXML. Samples were measured in negative and positive mode. For lipid profiling with liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) we used settings from an external reference25 (link), except we choose a scan rate of 4-8 spectra per scan event and collision energies ranging from 20-40eV.
Kind T., Liu K.H., Yup Lee D., DeFelice B., Meissen J.K, & Fiehn O. (2013). LipidBlast - in-silico tandem mass spectrometry database for lipid identification. Nature methods, 10(8), 755-758.
Publication 2013
2
Lipid Extraction from Diluted Plasma
Cited 53 times
The lipid extraction (adapted from Matyash et al. 23 (link)) was carried out in high grade polypropylene deep well plates. Fifty microliters of diluted plasma (50×) (equivalent of 1 μL of undiluted plasma) was mixed with 130 μL of ammonium bicarbonate solution and 810 μL of methyl tert-butyl ether/methanol (7:2, v/v) solution was added. Twenty-one microliters of internal standard mixture was pre-mixed with the organic solvents mixture. The internal standard mixture contained: 50 pmol of lysophasphatidylglycerol (LPG) 17:1, 50 pmol of lysophosphatic acid (LPA) 17:0, 500 pmol of phosphatidylcholine (PC) 17:0/17:0, 30 pmol of hexosylceramide (HexCer) 18:1;2/12:0, 50 pmol of phosphatidylserine (PS) 17:0/17:0, 50 pmol of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) 17:0/17:0, 50 pmol of phosphatic acid (PA) 17:0/17:0, 50 pmol of lysophposphatidylinositol (LPI 17:1), 50 pmol of lysophosphatidylserine (LPS) 17:1, 1 nmol cholesterol (Chol) D6, 100 pmol of diacylglycerol (DAG) 17:0/17:0, 50 pmol of triacylglycerol (TAG) 17:0/17:0/17:0, 50 pmol of ceramide (Cer) 18:1;2/17:0, 200 pmol of sphingomyelin (SM) 18:1;2/12:0, 50 pmol of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) 12:0, 30 pmol of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) 17:1, 50 pmol of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) 17:0/17:0, 100 pmol of cholesterol ester (CE) 20:0, 50 pmol of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 16:0/16:0. The plate was then sealed with a teflon-coated lid, shaken at 4°C for 15 min, and spun down (3000 g, 5 min) to facilitate separation of the liquid phases and clean-up of the upper organic phase. Hundred microliters of the organic phase was transferred to an infusion plate and dried in a speed vacuum concentrator. Dried lipids were re-suspended in 40 μL of 7.5 mM ammonium acetate in chloroform/methanol/propanol (1:2:4, v/v/v) and the wells were sealed with an aluminum foil to avoid evaporation and contamination during infusion. All liquid handling steps were performed using Hamilton STARlet robotic platform with the Anti Droplet Control feature for organic solvents pipetting.
Surma M.A., Herzog R., Vasilj A., Klose C., Christinat N., Morin-Rivron D., Simons K., Masoodi M, & Sampaio J.L. (2015). An automated shotgun lipidomics platform for high throughput, comprehensive, and quantitative analysis of blood plasma intact lipids. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 117(10), 1540-1549.
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Publication 2015
1-Propanol Acids Aluminum ammonium acetate ammonium bicarbonate Ceramides Chloroform Cholesterol Cholesterol Esters Diacylglycerol Lipids Lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylethanolamine lysophosphatidylserine Methanol methyl tert-butyl ether Phosphates Phosphatidylcholines phosphatidylethanolamine Phosphatidyl Glycerol Phosphatidylinositols Phosphatidylserines Plasma Polypropylenes Solvents Sphingomyelins Teflon Triglycerides Vacuum
3
Synthesis and Characterization of a Calix[4]arene Derivative
Cited 31 times
All reagents and anhydrous solvents used during the synthesis were of commercial quality. 5,11,17,23-Tetra-(t-butyl)-25-hydroxy-26,27,28-tripropoxy-calix[4]arene (6) was prepared according to the literature (Gutsche and Iqbal, 1990 (link)). The lower rim of the calix[4]arene backbone was modified in accordance to the described procedures for the propylation (7a,b) of the hydroxylic groups (Gutsche and Lin, 1986 (link)), as well as condensation of one of the hydroxyls (8a) with N-(3-bromo)propylphthalimide (Lalor et al., 2007 (link)). The steps, preceding the final conjugation with the DOTA-units (Schühle et al., 2009 (link)) included nitration (9a,b) of the upper rim of the calix[4]arene backbone (Kelderman et al., 1992 (link)) followed by the reduction (10a,b) of the nitro groups to the amines (Klimentová and Vojtíšek, 2007 (link)). 1H NMR spectra were recorded at 25°C on Bruker Avance-400 spectrometer operating at 400.13 MHz and analyzed using Bruker™ TopSpin 2.1 software. The chemical shifts are reported in δ (ppm) using tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal reference. Ultra-filtration was performed with a Millipore stirred cell using an Amicon cellulose acetate membrane. All HPLC measurements were carried out on a Shimadzu LC-20 system consisting out of an LC-20AT pump, Sil-20A HT autosampler, CTO-20AC column oven, SPD-M20A PDA detector, CBM-20A controller, and a Waters Fraction Collector III; data processing was carried out using Shimadzu Lab Solutions. Both analytical and preparative methods were carried out operating at 40°C using eluents A: H2O (95%), AcCN (5%), TFA (0.1%) and B: H2O (5%), AcCN (95%), TFA (0.1%). Mobile phase gradient started with 75% A and 25% B, after 18 min followed by a change linear to 58% A and 42% B, after 2 min a change linear to 100% B, which was hold for 0.5 min and then chanced back to starting conditions stabilized for 3.5 min. Analytical measurements used a Waters Xterra 4.6 × 150 mm column and an injection volume of 1 μL, flow was 1 mL/min. Preparative HPLC was performed using Xbridge™ PrepShield RP18-OBD C18-19 × 150 mm column. Mass spectrometry analysis was done with electron spray ionization technique on Waters Qtof Premier MS using a NE-1000 syringe pump for direct infusion; data processing was carried out using Waters Masslynx. Qualitative luminescence measurements were done on a Jasco J815 CD spectrometer using 100 μL of sample in a 3 × 3 mm quartz cuvette. UV absorption spectra were measured on a UV2401 PC Shimadzu spectrometer. For quantitative luminescence measurements, the samples (either powders or solutions in Milli-Q water at concentration 2, 0.2, and 0.04 mM) were placed into 2.4 mm quartz capillaries and measured on a Horiba-Jobin-Yvon Fluorolog 3 spectrofluorimeter equipped with visible (220–800 nm, photon-counting unit R928P) and NIR (950–1,450 nm, photon-counting units H10330-45 from Hamamatsu or DSS-IGA020L Jobin-Yvon solid-state InGaAs detector, cooled to 77 K) detectors. All spectra were corrected for the instrumental functions. Luminescence lifetimes of TbIII-complexes were determined under excitation at 300 nm provided by a Xenon flash lamp monitoring the signal at 545 nm (5D4→7F5 transition). Quantum yields were measured according to an absolute method using an integration sphere (GMP SA). Each sample was measured several times under slightly different experimental conditions. Estimated experimental error for quantum yields determination is 10%. Nile red (NR) fluorescence measurements were performed on a Jasco J-815 CD spectrometer. The temperature was controlled using a Jasco PFD 4252/15 Peltier temperature unit. All samples contained Nile red in 2 μM concentrations and were excited at 550 nm. The maximum Nile red emission wavelength (λmax) was determined as a function of the calix[4]arene concentration.
Mayer F., Tiruvadi Krishnan S., Schühle D.T., Eliseeva S.V., Petoud S., Tóth É, & Djanashvili K. (2018). Luminescence Properties of Self-Aggregating TbIII-DOTA-Functionalized Calix[4]arenes. Frontiers in Chemistry, 6, 1.
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Publication 2018
4
Comprehensive Oxidative Stress Assessment
Cited 13 times
Assessment of superoxide anion (O2.-) generation. Superoxide anion generation was determined by a standard assay.48 (link) Briefly, 0.1 µg/ml of PMA (Sigma), a potent macrophage stimulant, and 0.12 mM horse heart cytochrome-c (Sigma) were added to isolated cell suspensions after treatment schedule, and washing with PBS. Cytochrome-c reduction by generated superoxide was then determined by spectrophotometric absorbance at a 550 nm wavelength. Results are expressed n mol of cytochrome-c reduced/min, using extinction-coefficient 2.1 × 104 M−1 cm−1.
NADPH oxidase activity. After the treatment schedule, the macrophages of different groups prewarmed in Krebs ringer buffer (KRB) with 10 mM glucose at 37°C for 3 min. PMA (0.1 µg/ml) prewarmed at 37°C for 5 min was added, and the reaction was stopped by putting in ice. Centrifugation was carried out at 400 g for 5 min and the resultant pellet was resuspended in 0.34 M sucrose. The cells were then lysed with hypotonic lysis buffer. Centrifugation was carried out at 800 xg for 10 min and the supernatant used to determine enzyme activity. NADPH oxidase activity was determined spectrophotometrically by measuring cytochrome c reduction at 550 nm. The reaction mixture contained 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.2), 100 mM NaCl, 1 mM MgCl2, 80 µM cytochrome c, 2 mM NaN3 and 100 µl of supernatant (final volume 1.0 ml). A suitable amount of NADPH (10–20 µl) was added last to initiate the reaction.49 (link)
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. 200 µl of cell lysate was reacted with 200 µl substrate (containing H2O2 and OPD) in dark for 30 min. The blank was prepared with citrate phosphate buffer (pH 5.2) and substrate, in absence of cell free supernatant. The reaction was stopped with addition of 100 µl 2(N) sulfuric acid and reading was taken at 492 nm in a spectrophotometer.50
Determination of lipid peroxidation (MDA). Lipid peroxidation was estimated by the method of Ohkawa et al. in cell lysate.51 (link) Briefly, the reaction mixture contained Tris-HCl buffer (50 mM, pH 7.4), tert-butyl hydroperoxide (BHP) (500 µM in ethanol) and 1 mM FeSO4. After incubating the samples at 37°C for 90 min, the reaction was stopped by adding 0.2 ml of 8% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) followed by 1.5 ml of 20% acetic acid (pH 3.5). The amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) formed during incubation was estimated by adding 1.5 ml of 0.8% TBA and further heating the mixture at 95°C for 45 min. After cooling, samples were centrifuged, and the TBA reactive substances (TBARS) were measured in supernatants at 532 nm by using 1.53 × 105 M−1 cm−1 as extinction coefficient. The levels of lipid peroxidation were expressed in terms of n mol/mg protein.
Protein carbonyls contents (PC). Protein oxidation was monitored by measuring protein carbonyl contents by derivatization with 2, 4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (DNPH).52 (link) In general, cell lysate proteins in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, were derivatized with DNPH (21% in 2 N HCl). Blank samples were mixed with 2 N HCl incubated at 1 h in the dark; protein was precipitated with 20% trichloro acetic acid (TCA). Underivatized proteins were washed with an ethanol:ethyl acetate mixture (1:1). Final pellets of protein were dissolved in 6.0 N guanidine hydrochloride and absorbance was measured at 370 nm. Protein carbonyls content was expressed in terms of µ mol/mg protein.
Activity of super oxide dismutase (SOD). SOD activity was determined from its ability to inhibit the auto-oxidation of pyrogalol according to Mestro Del and McDonald.53 The reaction mixture considered of 50 mM Tris (hydroxymethyl) amino methane (pH 8.2), 1 mM diethylenetriamine penta acetic acid, and 20–50 µl of cell lysate. The reaction was initiated by addition of 0.2 mM pyrogalol, and the absorbance measured kinetically at 420 nm at 25°C for 3 min. SOD activity was expressed as unit/mg protein.
Activity of catalase (CAT). Catalase activity was measured in the cell lysate by the method of Luck.54 The final reaction volume of 3 ml contained 0.05 M Tris-buffer, 5 mM EDTA (pH 7.0), and 10 mM H2O2 (in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0). About 50 µl aliquot of the cell lysates were added to the above mixture. The rate of change of absorbance per min at 240 nm was recorded. Catalase activity was calculated by using the molar extinction coefficient of 43.6 M−1 cm−1 for H2O2. The level of CAT was expressed in terms of m mol H2O2 consumed/min/mg protein.
Determination of reduced glutathione (GSH). Reduced glutathione estimation in the cell lysate was performed by the method of Moron et al.55 (link) The required amount of the cell lysate was mixed with 25% of trichloroacetic acid and centrifuged at 2,000 xg for 15 min to settle the precipitated proteins. The supernatant was aspirated and diluted to 1 ml with 0.2 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 8.0). Later, 2 ml of 0.6 mM DTNB was added. After 10 minutes the optical density of the yellow-colored complex formed by the reaction of GSH and DTNB (Ellman's reagent) was measured at 405 nm. A standard curve was obtained with standard reduced glutathione. The levels of GSH were expressed as µg of GSH/mg protein.
Oxidized glutathione level (GSSG). The oxidized glutathione level was measured after derevatization of GSH with 2-vinylpyidine according to the method of Griffith.56 (link) In brief, with 0.5 ml cell lysate, 2 µl 2-vinylpyidine was added and incubates for 1 hr at 37°C. Then the mixture was deprotenized with 4% sulfosalicylic acid and centrifuged at 1,000 xg for 10 min to settle the precipitated proteins. The supernatant was aspirated and GSSG level was estimated with the reaction of DTNB at 412 nm in spectrophotometer and calculated with standard GSSG curve.
Redox ratio (GSH/GSSG). Redox ratio was determined for all the seven groups by taking the ratio of reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione.
Activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The GPx activity was measured by the method of Paglia and Valentine.57 (link) The reaction mixture contained 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM sodium azide, 0.2 mM NADPH, 1 U glutathione reductase and 1 mM reduced glutathione. The sample, after its addition, was allowed to equilibrate for 5 min at 25°C. The reaction was initiated by adding 0.1 ml of 2.5 mM H2O2. Absorbance at 340 nm was recorded for 5 min. Values were expressed as n mol of NADPH oxidized to NADP by using the extinction coefficient of 6.2 × 103 M−1 cm−1 at 340 nm. The activity of GPx was expressed in terms of n mol NADPH consumed/min/mg protein.
Activity of glutathione reductase (GR). The GR activity was measured by the method of Miwa.58 The tubes for enzyme assay were incubated at 37°C and contained 2.0 ml of 9 mM GSSG, 0.02 ml of 12 mM NADPH, Na4, 2.68 ml of 1/15 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.6) and 0.1 ml of cell lysate. The activity of this enzyme was determined by monitoring the decrease in absorbance at 340 nm. The activity of GR was expressed in terms of n mol NADPH consumed/min/mg protein.
Activity of glutathione-s-transferase (GST). The activity of GST activity was measured by the method of Habig et al.59 (link) The tubes of enzyme assay were incubated at 25°C and contained 2.85 ml of 0.1 M potassium phosphate (pH 6.5) containing 1 mM of GSH, 0.05 ml of 60 mM 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobengene and 0.1 ml cell lysate. The activity of this enzyme was determined by monitoring the increase in absorbance at 340 nm.
Protein estimation. Protein was determined according to Lowry et al. using bovine serum albumin as standard.60
Mahapatra S.K., Chakraborty S.P., Das S, & Roy S. (2009). Methanol extract of Ocimum gratissimum protects murine peritoneal macrophages from nicotine toxicity by decreasing free radical generation, lipid and protein damage and enhances antioxidant protection. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2(4), 222-230.
Publication 2009
5
Quantitative Analysis of Carotenoids in Tomato
Cited 9 times
All solvents and NaCl were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). Acetone and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) were HPLC grade and methanol and water were Optima grade. Ammonium acetate was purchased from J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). Lycopene was isolated and crystallized from tomato paste as previously described [25 (link)]. Phytoene, phytofluene, ζ-carotene, neurosporene and tetra-cis-lycopene were isolated from tangerine tomato extracts using preparative HPLC. Identity and purity (>95%) was confirmed with HPLC/accurate mass before using as an external calibrant.
Carotenoids from tomato juices were analyzed using HPLC-DAD (Alliance 2695, 996 DAD, Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA) and TRL extracts were analyzed using HPLC-DAD-MS/MS (Agilent 1260, Santa Clara, CA, interfaced with an AB Sciex QTrap 5500 mass spectrometer, Foster City, CA, USA). Analytes were separated on a C30 column (4.6×250 mm, 3 μm, YMC Inc., Wilmington, NC, USA) at 35 °C using a gradient of A: 60% methanol, 35% MTBE, 3% water, 2% aqueous ammonium acetate (2% w/v), and B: 78% MTBE, 20% methanol, 2% aqueous ammonium acetate (2% w/v) flowing at 1.3 mL/min. A linear gradient was applied as follows: 0% B to 35.6% B over 9 min, to 100% B over the next 6.5 min, hold for 3.5 min at 100% B, and equilibrate for 3.5 min at initial conditions. Tomato juice extracts were re-dissolved in 2 mL of 1:1 MTBE:methanol, filtered using a 13 mm, 0.2 μm pore nylon filter, and 10 μL was injected. TRL extracts were re-dissolved in 200 μL 1:1 MTBE:methanol, centrifuged (model 5424, Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany) at 21,130 × g for 2 min, and 20 μL of the supernatant was injected. Phytoene, phytofluene and ζ-carotene were quantified using DAD while neurosporene and all lycopene isomers were quantified using MS/MS. HPLC-DAD-MS/MS parameters are shown in Table 2.
Cooperstone J.L., Ralston R.A., Riedl K.M., Haufe T.C., Schweiggert R.M., King S.A., Timmers C.D., Francis D.M., Lesinski G.B., Clinton S.K, & Schwartz S.J. (2015). Enhanced bioavailability of lycopene when consumed as cis-isomers from tangerine compared to red tomato juice, a randomized, cross-over clinical trial. Molecular nutrition & food research, 59(4), 658-669.
Publication 2015
Acetone ammonium acetate Carotene Carotenoids Citrus reticulata G 130 High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Isomerism Lycopene Methanol methyl tert-butyl ether neurosporene Nylons Paste phytoene, (15-cis)-isomer phytofluene Sodium Chloride Solvents Tandem Mass Spectrometry Tetragonopterus Tomatoes

Most recents protocols related to «Butyl acetate»

1
Analyzing Biofilm Microbial Structure
Not available on PMC !
Colony forming unit (CFU) tests were used to determine the basic structure and numbers of microorganisms in the biofilm. The following selective solid agar media (Oxoid Ltd., UK) were used to determine 1) the total cell numbers, 2) the number of eukaryotic cells, 3) that of Pseudomonas, and 4) that of the primary n-butyl acetate degraders, respectively: 1) Standard plate count agar CM 0463, 2) Rose Bengal chloramphenicol agar base CM 549 with selective supplement SR 78, 3) Pseudomonas agar base CM 559 with C-N supplement SR 102, and 4) BSM agar. The last of them was based on the BSM medium solidified with 10 g L -1 of a pure agar, Agar bacteriological LP0011; the dishes were placed in a desiccator with n-butyl acetate vapors. All agars were purchased from Oxoid Ltd. UK.
Samples of packing materials covered with the biofilm were taken at a depth of 20 cm from the top of each biofilter. A standard sample procedure was applied previously published for CFM analyses. [16] (link) To observe the complex bioreactor ecology, the entire volume, 50 mL of BSM medium, was applied at once to each biofilter to wash out any possible protozoa, metazoa and mite. The leachate was collected and examined by microscopy using an Olympus BX40 microscope equipped with a Canon EOS 700D camera. Samples were taken on 119th and 300th days of the biofilter operation.
Halecký M., Mach J., Zápotocký L., Pohořelý M., Beňo Z., Farták J, & Kozliak E. (2024). Biofiltration of n-butyl acetate with three packing material mixtures, with and without biochar. Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering, 59(2).
Publication 2024
2
Biofiltration of Textile Emissions using Biochar-Modified Wood Chips
Not available on PMC !
Three identical glass biofilters with an overall height of 0.5 m, packing height of 0.4 m and internal diameter of 0.1 m equipped with standard construction and control elements (Figure 1) were used for testing of three packing materials: spruce root wood chips without any biochar (SRWC), spruce root wood chips with 10% (v/v) of biochar (SRWC-B) and spruce root wood chips with 10% (v/v) of impregnated biochar (SRWC-IB). The porosities of SRWC, SRWC-B and SRWC-IB packings were 0.564 ± 0.025, 0.553 ± 0.011 and 0.505 ± 0.008, respectively.
The experimental apparatus consisted of standard units providing the inlet air humidification, the liquid pollutant being dosed into air using a syringe pump, NE-500 (New Era Pump Systems Inc., USA) equipped with a 500 mL glass syringe (Setonic Inc., Germany). The system also contained an airborne ethyl acetate detector, VOC-TRAQ flow cell (AMETEK MOCON, USA) equipped with a Purple piD-TECH eVx photoionization sensor (AMETEK MOCON, USA), and a BSM medium dosage device with programmable peristaltic pumps, LC-Cube PPS-9K6 (Watrex Inc., Czech Republic). The biofilter bed pressure drop measured in Pa was determined using a U-shaped tube differential pressure manometer on 0 (dry packing), 1st (wet packing), 38th, 115th and 300th (last) days of the biofilter operation. n-Butyl acetate (PENTA Ltd., pure grade with minimum 99% content) was selected as a representative contaminant to simulate the real-world broad-range mixture of volatile odorous fatty acids and their esters emitted from a typical textile plant, Juta a.s. (https://www.juta.eu/, Czech Republic). The effect of loading types on the biofilter performance was tested for 300 days (Table 1). Two loading patterns were applied. One of them included the loading variation by air flow rate (V g , in a range of 8-24 L min -1 at C in of 500 and 100 mg m -3 ) to simulate waste air with a low pollutant concentration yet causing a pungent odor). The second loading pattern was based on the variation of inlet concentration (C in , in a range of 100-1500 mg m -3 at V g of 3, 6 and 12 L min -1 ) to simulate heavily polluted air with relatively low flow rates. The biofiltration performance was evaluated using standard biofiltration parameters, elimination capacity, organic load, removal efficiency and empty bed residence time defined as follows:
Elimination capacity (EC):
Organic load (OL):
Removal efficiency (RE): Empty bed retention time (EBRT):
where C in and C out are the inlet and outlet n-butyl acetate concentrations in air (g m -3 ), respectively; V b is the packed bed volume (m 3 ) and Q is the air flow rate (m 3 h -1 ).
A mixed enriched culture taken from a biofilter treating a mixture of acetone and styrene, which was defined and successfully used previously [12] (link) was applied as an inoculum. The inoculum contained culturable isolated and identified bacteria, Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Arthrobacter sp., yeasts, Rhodococcus sp., Komagataella pastoris and fungus Fusarium solani. The selected mineral medium composition (BSM) allowed one to control pH (as a phosphate buffer) and supply the biofilm with water and mineral nutrients. 30 mL of this medium were added twice a day to each biofilter. It had the following composition (concentration given in g � L -1 ): KH 2 PO 4 (2.3), K 2 HPO 4 (2.9), (
Halecký M., Mach J., Zápotocký L., Pohořelý M., Beňo Z., Farták J, & Kozliak E. (2024). Biofiltration of n-butyl acetate with three packing material mixtures, with and without biochar. Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering, 59(2).
Publication 2024
3
Synthesis and Characterization of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids
N-methylimidazole, iron (III) chloride anhydrous, 1-chlorobutane, Ethyl acetate, Dibenzyl disulfide (98%), n-hexadecane (98%), N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP), PEG-400, and cyclohexane were purchased from Macklin (Shanghai, China). 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide [BMIM]N(CN)2, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate [BMIM]SCN, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dibutyl phosphate [BMIM](C4H9O)2PO2, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methyl sulfate [BMIM]MeSO4, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide [BMIM]NTf2, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate [BMIM]OTf, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM]PF6, and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIM]BF4 were provided by Shanghai Cheng Jie Chemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All reagents were of analytical grade.
Zhang L., Peng P., Pan Q., Wan F, & Zhang H. (2024). Extraction of Dibenzyl Disulfide from Transformer Oils by Acidic Ionic Liquid. Molecules, 29(10), 2395.
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Publication 2024
4
Purification of Raw Lactide by Recrystallization
The purification of raw lactide from residual oligomers, lactic acid and water was carried out by recrystallization from ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate. The process was carried out in a 100 mL beaker on a heating plate equipped with a magnetic stirrer. The ratio of raw lactide:solvent in the case of alcohols and ethyl acetate was taken in the mass ratio of 2:1, and in case of butyl acetate—3:1. The temperature of 70 °C and stirring were maintained by a heating plate, IKA C-MAG HS-7 (IKA-Werke GmbH & Co., KG, Staufen, Germany). After complete dissolution of the substance, the beaker was removed from the hotplate and cooled to 5 °C. Then, lactide crystals were separated from the solvent by using Buchner funnel vacuum filtration.
Aliev G., Toms R., Melnikov P., Gervald A., Glushchenko L., Sedush N, & Chvalun S. (2024). Synthesis of L-Lactide from Lactic Acid and Production of PLA Pellets: Full-Cycle Laboratory-Scale Technology. Polymers, 16(5), 624.
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Publication 2024
5
Synthesis of Quinolinylated Diazepan Acetate
Not available on PMC !

Example 62

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Step 1: tert-butyl 2-(4-(7-chloro-4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)quinolin-2-yl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)acetate. To a solution of 4-(7-chloro-4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)quinolin-2-yl)-1,4-diazepan-2-one (20 mg) and tert-butyl 2-bromoacetate (30 mg) in anhydrous DMF was added NaH (10 mg, 65% in mineral oil). After stirring 3 hours, the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (10 mL) and carefully quenched with water (5 mL). Isolation of the organic layer and a column chromatography eluting with a gradient of hexanes and EtOAc afforded the desired intermediate tert-butyl 2-(4-(7-chloro-4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)quinolin-2-yl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)acetate (20 mg) (MS: [M+1]+ 456).

Step 2: 2-(4-(7-chloro-4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)quinolin-2-yl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)acetic acid. tert-butyl 2-(4-(7-chloro-4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)quinolin-2-yl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)acetate was further treated with TFA (0.4 mL) in DCM (0.8 mL). Removal of DCM and TFA under reduced pressure and lyophilization afforded the desired product (10 mg)-2-(4-(7-chloro-4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)quinolin-2-yl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)acetic acid (MS: [M+1]+ 400).

US11873291B2. Quinoline cGAS antagonist compounds (2024-01-16). ImmuneSensor Therapeutics, Inc. [US], The Board of Regents of the University of Texas System [US]. Inventors: Jian Qiu [US], Qi Wei [US], Matt Tschantz [US], Heping Shi [US], Youtong Wu [US], Hulling Tan [US], Lijun Sun [US], Chuo Chen [US], Zhijian Chen [US].
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Patent 2024
Acetate Acetic Acids Anabolism bromoacetate Chromatography Freeze Drying Hexanes imidazole isolation Oil, Mineral Pressure TERT protein, human

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