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Butyl Alcohol

Butyl Alcohol: A versatile organic compound with diverse applications in chemical synthesis, solvents, and fuel additives.
This four-carbon alcohol exists in four isomeric forms, each with unique properties and uses.
Butyl alcohol plays a crucial role in various industries, from pharmaceuticals to coatings and adhesives.
Researchers can now unlock the power of PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven platform that revolutionizes Butyl Alcohol research.
Discover optimizied protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents with ease.
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Most cited protocols related to «Butyl Alcohol»

Data were obtained from 9139 subjects [4928 females aged 5–96 years (M = 31.8, SD = 18.9) and 4211 males aged 5–91 years (M = 30.7, SD = 17.7)]. Among them, 3432 (37.5%) had been included in a previous study to establish normative data [15 (link)]. According to the inclusion criteria for the respective studies, all subjects were healthy and none reported histories for any olfactory disturbances.
Odors were delivered using felt-tip pens (“Sniffin’ Sticks”) of approximately 14 cm length and an inner diameter of 1.3 cm. These pens carry a tampon soaked with 4 ml of liquid odorant. For odor presentation, the cap was removed from the pen for approximately 3 s, the pen’s tip brought in front of the subject’s nose and carefully moved from left to right nostril and backwards [3 (link)].
The threshold was obtained in a three alternative forced choice paradigm (3 AFC) where subjects were repeatedly presented with triplets of pens and had to discriminate one pen containing an odorous solution from two blanks filled with the solvent. Phenylethanol (dissolved in propylene glycol) or n-butanol (dissolved in water) were used, with both odorants having been found equivalent in olfactory sensitivity testing: scores obtained with both are correlated [17 (link)]. The highest concentration was a 4% odor solution. Sixteen concentrations were created by stepwise diluting previous ones by 1:2. Starting with the lowest odor concentration, a staircase paradigm was used where two subsequent correct identifications of the odorous pen or one incorrect answer marked a so-called turning point, and resulted in a decrease or increase, respectively, of concentration in the next triplet. Triplets were presented at 20 s intervals. The threshold score was the mean of the last four turning points in the staircase, with the final score ranging between 1 and 16 points.
The discrimination task used the same 3 AFC logic. Two pens of any triplet contained the same odorant, while the third pen smelled differently. Subjects were asked to indicate the single pen with a different smell. Within-triplet intervals were approximately 3 s. As the odors used in this subtest were more intense, between-triplets intervals were 20–30 s. The score was the sum of correctly identified odors. Hence, the scores in this task ranged from 0 to 16 points. Importantly, subjects were blindfolded for the threshold and discrimination tasks to avoid visual identification of target pens.
Odor identification comprised common and familiar odorants (recognized by at least 75% of the population). Subjects were presented with single pens and asked to identify and label the smell, using four alternative descriptors for each pen. Between-pen intervals were approximately 20–30 s. The total score was the sum of correctly identified pens, thus subjects could score between 0 and 16 points.
The final “TDI score” was the sum of scores for Threshold, Discrimination and Identification subtests, with a range between 1 and 48 points.
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Publication 2018
Butyl Alcohol Discrimination, Psychology Feelings Females Hypersensitivity Males Nose Odorants Odors Phenylethyl Alcohol Propylene Glycol Sense of Smell Solvents Triplets
A defrosted aliquot of bacteria was mixed with an equal volume of n-butanol (Merck) under stirring for 30 min at room temperature (RT). After centri-fugation at 13,000 g for 20 min, the aquatic phase was lyophilized, resuspended with chromatography start buffer (15% n-propanol in 0.1 M ammonium acetate, pH 4.7), and centrifuged at 45,000 g for 15 min. The supernatant was subjected to hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) on octyl-Sepharose.
Publication 2001
1-Propanol ammonium acetate Bacteria Buffers Butyl Alcohol Chromatography Hydrophobic Interactions octyl-sepharose CL-4B

Grow Nicotiana benthamiana plants for 6–8 weeks.

Inoculate each leaf by sprinkling a small amount of carborundum over the plants then gently rubbing 100 μL of 0.01 mg/mL TMV in KP buffer per leaf (seeNote 7).

Collect infected leaves 7–10 days post-infection when mosaic patterns present themselves and before the leaves die.

Immediately freeze leaves and store in Ziploc bags at −80 °C (seeNote 8).

When ready, pulverize frozen leaves by squeezing bag (seeNote 9).

Homogenize leaves in 3 volume of prechilled (4 °C) 0.1 M KP buffer (~300 mL), pH 7.4 and 0.2 % (v/v) β-mercaptoethanol (~600 μL).

Filter homogenate through 2 layers of cheesecloth; squeeze cheesecloth to collect all of the filtrate.

Centrifuge the filtrate for 20 min at 11,000 × g (10,500 rpm when using Beckman Coulter JLA-16.250 rotor).

Carefully pour the supernatant through 4 layers of Kimwipes.

To the supernatant (approximately 300 mL) add equal volume of 1:1 chloroform:n-butanol (150 and 150 mL).

Stir for 30 min on ice (avoid foaming by controlling the stirring speed).

Centrifuge for 10 min at 4,500 × g (6,000 rpm when using Beckman Coulter JLA-10.500 rotor).

Carefully collect the aqueous phase (~300 mL, top layer that contains the TMV) using a pipette and store on ice (seeNotes 10 and 11).

Add NaCl to 0.2 M (3.5 g), PEG 8 k to 8 % (w/v) (24 g), Triton-X 100 surfactant to 1 % (v/v) (3 mL) to the collected supernatant and put the mix on ice.

Stir on ice for 30 min, then store in refrigerator for at least 1 h.

Centrifuge for 15 min at 22,000 × g or max speed of centrifuge/rotor) (15,000 rpm when using Beckman CoulterJLA-16.250 rotor) (seeNote 12).

Resuspend the pellet in 15 mL 0.1 M phosphate buffer (~0.05 mL/g leaf) by carefully pipetting up and down or by incubating on a shaker for 4 h to overnight at 4 °C (seeNote 13).

Centrifuge for 15 min at 9,000 × g (9,500 rpm when using Beckman Coulter JLA-16.250 rotor).

Layer the supernatant on a sucrose gradient (see Subheading 2) and centrifuge in a swing bucket rotor for 2 h at 96,000 × g (28,000 rpm when using Beckman Coulter SW 32 Ti rotor).

Collect the light scattering region (seeFig. 3) and dilute with 0.01 M phosphate buffer to fill ultracentrifuge tube.

Centrifuge in a fixed angle rotor for 2.5 h at 160,000 × g (42,000 rpm when using Beckman Coulter type 50.2 Ti rotor).

Discard supernatant and resuspend pellet in 0.01 M KP buffer overnight.

Centrifuge the resuspended pellet for 15 min at 7,500 × g (10,000 rpm when using Beckman Coulter FX241.5P rotor) in a table top centrifuge (e.g., Beckman Coulter Microfuge 16) and save supernatant: pure TMV solution.

Test concentration using UV–Vis absorbance (e.g., Nanodrop). TMV has an A260 nm = 0.3 for a 1 mg/mL solution and 1 cm path length. An A260/A280 ratio equal to 1.2 indicates intact TMV particles.

Test purity using SEC with a Superose 6 10/300GL column by monitoring the absorbance at 260 nm.

Publication 2014
2-Mercaptoethanol Buffers Butyl Alcohol carborundum Chloroform Freezing Infection Light Nicotiana Phosphates Plant Leaves Plants Sodium Chloride Sucrose Surfactants Triton X-100
The 1-butanol/methanol (1:1 v/v) method was compared with two other single-phase methods; a one-phase chloroform/methanol method we have previously described [6 (link)], as well as a single-phase 1-butanol/methanol (3:1 v/v) modified from the method reported by Löfgren et al. [23 (link)]. All methods require only a single extraction.
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Publication 2015
Butyl Alcohol Chloroform Methanol
Four neighborhoods
in the metropolitan Boston area near Interstate 93 (I-93; 1.5 ×
105 vehicles per day in all seasons40 ) were studied: Somerville, Dorchester/South Boston (referenced
as “Dorchester”), Chinatown, and Malden (Figure 1). The areas included both mixed residential-commercial
areas (Somerville, Dorchester, and Malden) and a highly urban area
with tall buildings, street canyons and multiple highways (Chinatown).
Somerville and Dorchester contained both near-highway (<400 m)
and urban background (>1000 m) areas; Chinatown (near-highway)
and
Malden (urban background) were paired because they have demographically
similar populations and Chinatown was too small to contain a background
area. We did not identify significant nonroad UFP sources (e.g., industry,
energy generation, shipping) in any of the study areas. Diesel vehicles
contributed ∼3.8% of highway traffic and <5% of local traffic
in all of the study areas.41 ,42 More detailed descriptions
of the study areas are available elsewhere.5 (link),8 (link),43 ,44 Mobile monitoring with
the Tufts Air Pollution Monitoring Laboratory
(TAPL) was conducted in Somerville between September 2009 and September
2010, in Dorchester between September 2010 and July 2011, and in Chinatown
and Malden between August 2011 and July 2012 (Supporting Information, SI, Table S1).43 ,44 The impacts of nonsimultaneous monitoring in the study areas (i.e.,
interannual variation in TRAPs measured at an EPA monitoring station)
were small compared to seasonal and diurnal differences in PNC, and
were therefore assumed to not play an important role in model differences.43 Monitoring was conducted under a wide range
of conditions at different times between the hours of 04:00 and 22:00
on 34–46 days per neighborhood distributed across all seasons
(∼21–70 h per season) and days of the week.43 This was more monitoring than suggested by Van
Poppel et al.,45 (link) who concluded that 3–16
h of mobile monitoring per season sufficiently characterized spatial
PNC variation in their neighborhoods. On each monitoring day the TAPL
was driven over a fixed route in one neighborhood for 2–6 h
at <20 m/s (72 km/h; mean and median = 5 m/s = 18 km/h). PNC was
monitored at 1-s intervals using a butanol condensation particle counter
(Dp,50 = 4 nm; CPC 3775, TSI, Shoreview,
MN) and matched to locations with a Garmin V GPS unit. In addition,
continuous monitoring for model performance evaluation was conducted
with a second CPC (identical to the one in the TAPL) at the Boston
Globe site ∼20 m east of I-93 in Dorchester between March and
May 2011 (Figure 1).
The CPC used for
mobile monitoring was manufacturer-calibrated
at the start of the study in September 2009 and again in July 2011,
and the CPC used at the Globe site was received from TSI in March
2011. Side-by-side measurements by these CPCs differed by <3%.44 PNC measurements were censored for flow rate
errors (2% of observations) and for potential self-sampling of TAPL
exhaust when the TAPL speed dropped below 1.4 m/s (5 km/h; ∼14%
of observations, mainly during complete stops at intersections).44 Using the Particle Loss Calculator, we estimated
combined inlet and tubing particle losses of <10%.46 GPS coordinates >20 m from the centerline of the nearest
road (due to poor GPS reception in street canyons) were moved to the
monitoring route centerline using ArcGIS 10.1 (ESRI, Redmond, CA;
6% of data in Chinatown only).43 One-second PNC measurements were assigned spatial variables using
ArcGIS. GIS variables (e.g., road type, road features including width
and curb type, and distance and direction from I-93 or other major
roads) were obtained from MassGIS.47 ,48 Distances
from major intersections with estimated average vehicle delays ≥20
s were also calculated for Chinatown.49 Because higher-resolution covariate data were not available,
each
one-second PNC measurement was assigned hourly meteorological and
traffic values using SAS version 9.3 (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC).
Hourly wind speed and direction (7.9 m above ground level) and temperature
(2 m above ground level) measurements for development of all models
were obtained from Logan International Airport.50 Hourly traffic volume and average speed on interstate highways
were provided by the Massachusetts Department of Transportation (stakeholder.traffic.com).
Neighborhood-specific real-time traffic and wind data were not available.
Publication 2015
Air Pollution Butyl Alcohol Choroid Plexus Carcinoma Eye Intersectional Framework Population Group Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma Wind

Most recents protocols related to «Butyl Alcohol»

Not available on PMC !

Example 8

    • A composition comprising:
    • a plurality of metallic nanofibers, substantially all of the metallic nanofibers having at least a partial coating of polyvinyl pyrrolidone;
    • a first solvent comprising about 1% to 10% 1-butanol, ethanol, 1-pentanol, n-methylpyrrolidone, 1-hexanol, or acetic acid, or mixtures thereof;
    • a viscosity modifier, resin, or binder comprising about 0.75% to 5.0% PVP, polyvinyl alcohol, or a polyimide, or mixtures thereof; and
    • with the balance comprising a second solvent such as cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, cyclopentanol, butyl lactone, or mixtures thereof.

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Patent 2024
1-hexanol 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone Acetic Acid Butyl Alcohol Cyclohexanol cyclohexanone cyclopentanol cyclopentanone Ethanol Lactones Metals n-pentanol Polyvinyl Alcohol Povidone Resins, Plant Solvents Viscosity

Example 4

To a mixture of 1-butanol and MEK (60 mL, 1:1 V/V) was added compound (I) (502 mg, 1 equiv). The slurry was heated at 60° C. and HBr (4.8% solution in 1-butanol and MEK (2.5 mL, 2 equiv) was added. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 2 h and then 5° C. overnight. The solid was then recovered by filtration, washed with diethyl ether and characterized as a hydrobromide by XRPD, TGA, IR, Raman and DSC.

TABLE 5
XRPD of Compound (I) Hydrobromide
2θ angleRelative Intensity (%)
5.9100
10.027
11.941
13.830
17.329
19.425
21.329
21.656
22.041

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Patent 2024
Butyl Alcohol Ethyl Ether Filtration Salts

Example 18

    • A composition comprising:
    • about 0.01% to 3.0% of a plurality of functionalized metallic nanofibers 100;
    • a first solvent comprising about 2.0% to 10.0% n-methylpyrrolidone, 2-propanol (isopropyl alcohol or IPA), 1-methoxy-2-propanol,1-butanol, ethanol, diethylene glycol, 1-pentanol, n-methylpyrrolidone, or 1-hexanol, or mixtures thereof.
    • a first viscosity modifier, resin, or binder comprising about 0.75% to 5.0% PVP, polyvinyl alcohol, or a polyimide, or mixtures thereof;
    • a second viscosity modifier, resin, or binder comprising about 7% to 12% alpha-terpineol;
    • a second solvent comprising about 1% to 5% of n-propanol, 2-propanol, or diethylene glycol, or mixtures thereof; and
    • with the balance comprising a third solvent such as n-methylpyrrolidone, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, cyclopentanol, butyl lactone, or mixtures thereof.

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Patent 2024
1-hexanol 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone 1-Propanol alpha-terpineol Butyl Alcohol Cyclohexanol cyclohexanone cyclopentanol cyclopentanone diethylene glycol Ethanol Isopropyl Alcohol Lactones Metals methoxyisopropanol n-pentanol Polyvinyl Alcohol Resins, Plant Solvents Viscosity
Not available on PMC !

Example 15

    • A composition comprising:
    • about 0.01% to 3.0% of a plurality of functionalized metallic nanofibers;
    • a first solvent comprising about 3.0% to 7% 1-butanol, ethanol, 1-pentanol, n-methylpyrrolidone, 1-hexanol, or acetic acid, or mixtures thereof;
    • a viscosity modifier, resin, or binder comprising about 1.4% to 3.75% PVP, polyvinyl alcohol, or a polyimide, or mixtures thereof;
    • a second solvent comprising about 0.001% to 2% of 1-octanol, acetic acid, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, propylene glycol, potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide, or mixtures thereof; and
    • with the balance comprising a third solvent such as cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, cyclopentanol, butyl lactone, or mixtures thereof.

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Patent 2024
1-hexanol 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone Acetic Acid Butyl Alcohol Cyclohexanol cyclohexanone cyclopentanol cyclopentanone diethylene glycol Ethanol Glycols Lactones Metals n-pentanol Octanols Polyvinyl Alcohol potassium hydroxide Propylene Glycol Resins, Plant Sodium Hydroxide Solvents Viscosity
Not available on PMC !

Example 1

Citric acid was dissolved, in separate reaction vessels, in one of either methanol, ethanol, or butanol at about 4 mg per ml at room temperature (solutions 1-3). Free base bromocriptine was dissolved in separate reaction vessels in either methanol, ethanol, or butanol at about 12 mg per 5-30 ml (solutions 4-6). The like organic solutions of citric acid and of bromocriptine (i.e., ethanol-ethanol, methanol-methanol, butanol-butanol) were then mixed in an equi-mole amount of bromocriptine and citrate. The three resulting solutions were stirred for about 2-24 hours on low heat (about 40 C) until the solvent evaporated to dryness. The resulting solid product in each reaction vessel contains bromocriptine citrate.

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Patent 2024
Blood Vessel Bromocriptine Butyl Alcohol Citrate Citric Acid Ethanol Metabolic Diseases Methanol Moles Solvents

Top products related to «Butyl Alcohol»

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N-butanol is a colorless, flammable liquid that is commonly used as a solvent in various industrial and laboratory applications. It has the chemical formula C4H9OH. N-butanol is a versatile compound that serves as a core function in numerous chemical processes and operations.
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1-butanol is a colorless, flammable liquid chemical compound with the formula C4H10O. It is a primary alcohol with four carbon atoms. 1-butanol is commonly used as a solvent and an intermediate in the production of other chemicals.
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Methanol is a clear, colorless, and flammable liquid that is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications. It serves as a solvent, fuel, and chemical intermediate. Methanol has a simple chemical formula of CH3OH and a boiling point of 64.7°C. It is a versatile compound that is widely used in the production of other chemicals, as well as in the fuel industry.
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Ethanol is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a key component in various scientific applications, serving as a solvent, disinfectant, and fuel source. Ethanol has a molecular formula of C2H6O and a range of industrial and research uses.
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DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
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Acetonitrile is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid. It is a commonly used solvent in various analytical and chemical applications, including liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and other laboratory procedures. Acetonitrile is known for its high polarity and ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds.
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Ethyl acetate is a clear, colorless liquid solvent commonly used in laboratory applications. It has a characteristic sweet, fruity odor. Ethyl acetate is known for its ability to dissolve a variety of organic compounds, making it a versatile tool in chemical research and analysis.
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DPPH is a chemical compound used as a free radical scavenger in various analytical techniques. It is commonly used to assess the antioxidant activity of substances. The core function of DPPH is to serve as a stable free radical that can be reduced, resulting in a color change that can be measured spectrophotometrically.
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Hydrochloric acid is a commonly used laboratory reagent. It is a clear, colorless, and highly corrosive liquid with a pungent odor. Hydrochloric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas.
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Gallic acid is a naturally occurring organic compound that can be used as a laboratory reagent. It is a white to light tan crystalline solid with the chemical formula C6H2(OH)3COOH. Gallic acid is commonly used in various analytical and research applications.

More about "Butyl Alcohol"

Butyl Alcohol, also known as N-butanol or 1-butanol, is a versatile organic compound with diverse applications in chemical synthesis, solvents, and fuel additives.
This four-carbon alcohol exists in four isomeric forms, each with unique properties and uses.
Butyl Alcohol plays a crucial role in various industries, from pharmaceuticals to coatings and adhesives.
Researchers can now unlock the power of PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven platform that revolutionizes Butyl Alcohol research.
This advanced tool allows users to easily discover optimized protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents.
The platform's comparison tools identify the most accurate and reproducible methods, empowriing your research journey.
Butyl Alcohol, a member of the alcohol family, is closely related to other alcohols such as Methanol and Ethanol.
It is also commonly used in combination with solvents like DMSO, Acetonitrile, and Ethyl acetate.
Researchers often employ techniques like DPPH assays and treatments with Hydrochloric acid or Gallic acid to study the properties and applications of Butyl Alcohol.
Experieence the future of Butyl Alcohol optimization today with PubCompare.ai and unlock the full potential of this versatile compound in your research endeavors.