> Chemicals & Drugs > Organic Chemical > Candesartan

Candesartan

Candesartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used to treat hypertension and heart failure.
It works by blocking the action of angiotensin II, a powerful vasoconstrictor, resulting in vasodilation and reduced blood pressure.
Candesartan has been shown to improve outcomes in patients with heart failure and is often used in combination with other antihypertensive medications.
Reserchers can use PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform to locate and compare protocols from literature, preprints, and patents related to Candesartan, enhancing reproducibility and accuracy in their studies.

Most cited protocols related to «Candesartan»

Losartan vs. Candesartan Discontinuation Study

Cited 6 times

The data were processed and analysed at an independent statistical contract company, and the study database was managed by the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
The included patients were only eligible for the analysis as long as they continued treatment with the losartan or candesartan. The observation period ended on the date when the patient died, started a new RAS inhibiting drug or until the last valid day of the index prescription.
All descriptive data are given as mean or proportion. The difference in continuous and categorical data was analysed with t-test and χ² test, respectively. We used proportional hazards regression to compute hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). In the primary survival model, adjustments were made for age, gender, diabetes, and prescription index year. Additional adjustments in the primary survival model were considered as sensitivity analyses. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to illustrate risk development during follow-up. If one patient had several end points, only the first was used in the survival model. Although the maximum observation period was 108 months, the x axis for the plots was truncated at 96 months because of low number of observations after this time.
To assess the difference in discontinuation we removed x number of discontinued subjects from the losartan group, which gave a similar proportion of discontinued subjects as that in the candesartan group (that is 24.8%). When performing the sensitivity analysis, only discontinuation before a CVD event could be used. The patient numbers therefore differs slightly from the discontinuation reported for the total observation time. An HR that remains similar, compared to the primary survival models, will support the main results. By solving the equation (1880−x/6771−x=1819/7329), x was found to be 265. All statistical analyses were performed using R version 2.7.2.²³

Kjeldsen S.E., Stålhammar J., Hasvold P., Bodegard J., Olsson U, & Russell D. (2009). Effects of losartan vs candesartan in reducing cardiovascular events in the primary treatment of hypertension. Journal of Human Hypertension, 24(4), 263-273.

Publication 2009

candesartan Diabetes Mellitus Epistropheus Gender Hypersensitivity Losartan Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations

Candesartan as Neuroprotective Stroke Therapy

Cited 5 times

Anesthesia was performed by using 2% isoflurane via inhalation. Cerebral ischemia was induced using the intraluminal suture middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model [9 (link)]. Nineteen to 21 mm 3–0 surgical nylon filament was introduced from the external carotid artery lumen into the internal carotid artery to block the origin of the right MCA. The animals were kept under anesthesia for only 15 min for the surgical procedure. Temperature was maintained at 36.5–37.5°C using a controlled heating system. After 3 h of occlusion, the animals received either candesartan (Astra-Zeneca) 1 mg/kg or an equal volume of saline (1 mL/kg) intravenously, and the animals were returned to their cages. The selected candesartan dose was previously shown to be neurovascular protective [5 (link), 6 (link)]. Animals were euthanized at either 24 h or 7 days after stroke.

Guan W., Kozak A., El-Remessy A.B., Johnson M.H., Pillai B.A, & Fagan S.C. (2011). Acute Treatment with Candesartan Reduces Early Injury After Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. Translational stroke research, 2(2), 179-185.

Publication 2011

Anesthesia Animals candesartan Cardiac Arrest Cerebral Ischemia Cerebrovascular Accident Cytoskeletal Filaments Dental Occlusion External Carotid Arteries Inhalation Internal Carotid Arteries Isoflurane Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Nylons Operative Surgical Procedures Saline Solution Sutures

Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia Model

Cited 5 times

Temporary (3 hour) middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was achieved using the intraluminal suture model6 (link) under isoflurane anesthesia, as we have previously reported 3 (link),4 (link). All animals were singly housed before and after surgery, with free access to food and water. At reperfusion, a single dose of candesartan 1mg/kg or saline control was given intravenously via a tail vein, at a volume of 1 mL/kg.

Kozak A., Ergul A., El-Remessy A.B., Johnson M.H., Machado L.S., Elewa H.F., Abdelsaid M., Wiley D.C, & Fagan S.C. (2009). Candesartan augments ischemia-induced proangiogenic state and results in sustained improvement after stroke. Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation, 40(5), 1870-1876.

Publication 2009

Anesthesia Animals candesartan Food Isoflurane Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Operative Surgical Procedures Reperfusion Saline Solution Sutures Tail Veins

Genetic Determinants of Antihypertensive Drug Responses

Cited 5 times

As the first step of the present study, systolic (ASBP) and diastolic (ADBP) 24‐hour ambulatory blood pressure responses to each of the 4 monotherapies were analyzed separately in the GENRES Study (discovery sample). The BP response was calculated as BP after 4 weeks' drug treatment minus mean BP after placebo periods. The mean BP level of all (up to 4) placebo periods, as opposed to the 1 preceding placebo period, was used as the baseline level to reduce BP variation. The approach was supported by several analyses. First, the BP responses to study drugs showed clearly lower variation when mean of all placebo periods was used as the baseline level (Table S1). Second, compared with the other drugs, amlodipine seemed to have a small carry‐over effect (≈−1.5/−0.5 mm Hg) based on placebo BP levels 4 weeks after amlodipine treatment (Table S2). The randomized cross‐over design and the use of all placebo periods as the baseline level eliminates any systematic effect of this finding on the results. In addition, the effect was probably even smaller after an additional 4 weeks when BP response to the next study drug was assessed. Third, the higher variation of placebo BP levels when only 1 placebo period was used can be seen in Table S2 as higher SDs. Finally, the preceding study treatment and the order of the drug treatment periods had no effect on BP response to any of the study drug when they were tested with regression analysis (GLM Univariate procedure of IBM SPSS Statistics program, version 19).
For the genome‐wide analyses, ASBP and ADBP response residuals were generated using IBM SPSS Statistics program and stepwise linear regression. The following covariates were tested with P<0.10 as an inclusion condition: corresponding placebo ABP (mean of all periods), age, earlier use of antihypertensive medication (coded as 0/1), current smoking (coded as 0/1), body mass index, daily urinary sodium excretion after the first placebo period, and serum creatinine level after the first placebo period. For non‐normally distributed covariates, normalized values were used. The covariates selected for calculation of BP response residuals (in mm Hg) for each study drug are listed in Table S3.
The genome‐wide association analysis was done using covariate‐adjusted BP responses and linear regression under an additive genetic model with program PLINK.^{20 (link)} For each of the 4 study drugs, we report here the 20 genetic loci with the lowest P values based on either ASBP or ADBP responses. P values <5×10⁻⁸ were considered as significant at the genome‐wide level.
In the second step, replication analyses of the 20 best loci associated with losartan, bisoprolol, and hydrochlorothiazide responses were carried out using the data from PEAR, GERA I, GERA II, and SOPHIA studies. In each case, the analyses were confined to study participants of European ancestry only, and age, gender, baseline BP, and principal components to account for ancestry were used as covariates. Accordingly, we replicated losartan/GENRES data using losartan/SOPHIA and candesartan/GERA II data, bisoprolol/GENRES data using atenolol/PEAR data, and hydrochlorothiazide/GENRES data using both hydrochlorothiazide/PEAR and hydrochlorothiazide/GERA I data. Successful replication was defined as P values below the Bonferroni‐corrected level of 2.5×10⁻⁴ (number of individual tests: 99 SNPs in 5 replication study analyses×SBP+DBP responses=198) and the same direction of effect. Suggestive replication was defined as P values <0.05 and the same direction of effect.
As the third step, meta‐analyses of the top 20 GENRES 24‐hour ambulatory blood pressure response SNPs in all available studies were performed using inverse‐variance model with fixed effects in METAL.^{21 (link)} We defined significant results as P values <5×10⁻⁸. In addition, P values <1×10⁻⁵ were considered to represent a suggestive association.

Hiltunen T.P., Donner K.M., Sarin A., Saarela J., Ripatti S., Chapman A.B., Gums J.G., Gong Y., Cooper‐DeHoff R.M., Frau F., Glorioso V., Zaninello R., Salvi E., Glorioso N., Boerwinkle E., Turner S.T., Johnson J.A, & Kontula K.K. (2015). Pharmacogenomics of Hypertension: A Genome‐Wide, Placebo‐Controlled Cross‐Over Study, Using Four Classes of Antihypertensive Drugs. Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease, 4(1), e001521.

Publication 2015

Rat Transcriptome Analysis of CGC Treatments

Cited 4 times

Total RNA was extracted from CGC treated with vehicle, CGC treated with candesartan, CGC treated with glutamate and CGC treated with candesartan and glutamate. Each group consisted of five independent experiments. Standard procedures for labeling, hybridization, washing and staining were as per manufacturer’s recommendation (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Briefly, the RNA was purified using a RiboPure Kit (Ambion, Austin, TX, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The quality and quantity of RNA were ensured using the Bioanalyzer (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and NanoDrop (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), respectively. For RNA labeling, total RNA (300 ng) was used in conjunction with the Affymetrix-recommended protocol with the WT Plus Reagent Kit catalog #902280. The hybridization cocktail containing the fragmented and labeled complementary DNAs (cDNAs) was hybridized to the Rat GeneChip 2.0 ST chips. The chips were washed and stained by the Affymetrix Fluidics Station using the standard format and protocols from Affymetrix. The probe arrays were stained with streptavidin phycoerythrin solution (Molecular Probes, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and enhanced by using an antibody solution containing 0.5 mg/ml biotinylated anti-streptavidin (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA). The probe arrays were scanned using an Affymetrix Gene Chip Scanner 3000. Gene expression intensities were calculated using the Gene Chip Operating software 1.2 (Affymetrix). A GC-corrected robust multichip analysis (RMA) normalization model was used to correct for background, and nonspecific binding. All analyses were performed using Partek Genomics Suite (Fig. 1). The raw data is submitted to Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) under accession GSE67036.

Elkahloun A.G., Hafko R, & Saavedra J.M. (2016). An integrative genome-wide transcriptome reveals that candesartan is neuroprotective and a candidate therapeutic for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer's Research & Therapy, 8, 5.

Full text: Click here

Publication 2016

Acid Hybridizations, Nucleic austin candesartan Cloning Vectors DNA, Complementary DNA Chips Gene Chips Gene Expression Glutamate Immunoglobulins Molecular Probes Phycoerythrin Streptavidin

Most recents protocols related to «Candesartan»

Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Candesartan and Amlodipine

Not available on PMC !

Blood was drawn for the analysis of candesartan at 0 (pre-dose), 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, and 48 h post dose. The plasma concentrations of candesartan were measured via ultra-highperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) using a Waters ACQUITY UPLC TM System (Waters, Milford, MA, USA) coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer (Waters Xevo TM TQ MS; Waters, Milford, MA, USA). Samples were prepared by protein precipitation preceding separation and injected into the LC-MS/MS system comprising a 1.7-lm Waters ACQUITY UPLC Ò BEH C18 column (2.1 mm ID 9 50 mm L; Waters, Milford, MA, USA). A multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used for the quantification of candesartan at m/ z 441.00 ? 263.18 and candesartan-d 5 at m/ z 446.10 ? 268.20. The linear calibration curve ranged from 5 to 1000 ng/mL. The concentrations of candesartan in the quality control samples were 15, 400, and 750 ng/mL. The determination coefficient (r 2 ) for the calibration curves was C 0.99. The bioassay for candesartan was validated on the basis of the within-batch and between-batch precision and accuracy of the quality control samples. The relative standard deviation was less than 15%. Amlodipine Blood was drawn for the analysis of amlodipine at 0 (pre-dose), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h post dose. The plasma concentrations of amlodipine were measured using a Waters ACQUITY UPLC TM System coupled with a Waters Xevo TM TQ-XS mass spectrometer. Samples were prepared by protein precipitation prior to separation and injected into the 1.7-lm Waters ACQUITY UPLC Ò BEH C18 (2.1 mm ID 9 50 mm L) column of the LC-MS/MS system. An MRM mode was used for the quantification of amlodipine at m/z 409.20 ? 238.15 and amlodipine-d 4 at m/z 413.20 ? 238.15. The linear calibration curves ranged from 0.05 to 50 ng/mL. The concentrations of amlodipine in the quality control samples were 0.15, 15, and 37.5 ng/mL. The bioassay for amlodipine was validated on the basis of the within-batch and between-batch precision and accuracy of the quality control samples. The relative standard deviation was less than 15%.

Kim J.H., Song J.H., Kim M., Hong J.H., Sunwoo J, & Jung J.G. (2024). Pharmacokinetic Comparison of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Candesartan Cilexetil/Amlodipine/Atorvastatin Versus Co-administration of Individual Formulations in Healthy Participants. Advances in therapy, 41(7).

Publication 2024

Phospholipid Modulation of Antibiotic Susceptibility

Various phospholipids, such as phosphatidylglycerol (PG, Aladdin,
China), Phosphatidylethanolamine (Y0001953, Sigma-Aldrich, USA), or
cardiolipin (CL, Sigma-Aldrich, C0563, USA), were dissolved in methanol.
The impact of phospholipids (ranging from 1 to 128 μg/mL) on
the MIC values of candesartan cilexetil in CAMHB medium was assessed
using the checkerboard method as described.^{23 (link)}

Chen C., Li D., Shang Y., Lin Z., Wen Z., Li P., Yu Z., Chen Z, & Liu X. (2024). Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Candesartan Cilexetil against Enterococcus faecalis. ACS Omega, 9(19), 21510-21519.

Publication 2024

Bioequivalence of Candesartan, Amlodipine, and Atorvastatin

Not available on PMC !

Study 1 A 16/10 mg Cantabell Tab (16 mg candesartan cilexetil and 10 mg amlodipine; Chong Kun Dang Pharm. Corp, Seoul, Republic of Korea) and a 40 mg Lipitor Tab (40 mg atorvastatin; Pfizer Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea) were employed as reference drugs (individual formulations). A 16/5/40 mg dose of CKD-333 (16 mg candesartan cilexetil, 10 mg amlodipine, and 40 mg atorvastatin), manufactured by Chong Kun Dang Pharm. Corp (Seoul, Republic of Korea), was used as the test drug (FDC) in study 1. The investigational product, Cantabell Tab, used in these studies was confirmed in previous clinical trials to have pharmacokinetic characteristics bioequivalent to its individual formulations (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02548286), and no pharmacokinetic interactions have been observed between candesartan cilextil and amlodipine [38] (link). Therefore, although Cantabell Tab is not an individual formulation in the strict sense, we assumed that it has the same pharmacokinetics properties as the individual formulation.
Study 2 A 16/5 mg Cantabell Tab (16 mg candesartan cilexetil and 5 mg amlodipine) and a 20 mg Lipitor Tab (20 mg atorvastatin) were used as reference drugs and a 16/5/20 mg dose of CKD-333 (16 mg candesartan cilexetil, 5 mg amlodipine, and 20 mg atorvastatin) was used as the test drug (FDC) in study 2.

Publication 2024

Quantifying Candesartan-Lipid Interactions

Biotinylated cardiolipin
(L-C16B, echelon biosciences, USA) or biotinylated phosphatidylglycerol
(L-51B16, echelon biosciences, USA) was employed to determine the
binding affinities between candesartan cilexetil and the lipids using
a biolayer interferometry assay with Gatorprime (Gator Bio, San Francisco,
USA). Streptavidin biosensor tips were utilized for immobilizing the
biotin-labeled cardiolipin or phosphatidylglycerol following prewetting
with kinetic buffer (PBS, 0.05% bovine serum albumin, 0.01% Tween
20). Subsequently, the streptavidin biosensors were loaded with varying
concentrations of candesartan cilexetil. In order to account for nonspecific
and background signals, as well as signal drifts due to biosensor
variability, duplicate sets of sensors were utilized as background
binding controls and were incubated in buffer without proteins. The
assays were performed in 96-well black plates with a total volume
of 300 μL/well at 30 °C, following a standardized protocol.
Data analysis was executed using the Gatorprime data analysis software,
applying a double reference subtraction protocol.

Publication 2024

Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Candesartan, Amlodipine, and Atorvastatin

Not available on PMC !

The pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis set included only those participants who had completed all PK sampling procedures and were not liable for any protocol violations. The PK analyses were performed in compliance with actual blood sampling times. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to the time of the last quantifiable concentration (AUC last ) and the maximum plasma concentrations (C max ) of candesartan, amlodipine, and atorvastatin were deemed the primary PK endpoints. Conversely, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from times zero to infinity (AUC inf ), time of achievement of maximum plasma concentration (T max ), the terminal elimination half-lives (t 1/2 ) of candesartan, amlodipine, and atorvastatin, and the AUC last , C max , T max , and t 1/2 for 2-OH atorvastatin were considered the secondary PK endpoints. PK analyses were performed via a non-compartmental method using the WinNonlin Ò software (version 8.3; Pharsight, Mountain View, CA, USA). AUC was calculated using the linear trapezoidal method. C max and T max were determined directly from the observed concentration-time data.

Publication 2024

Top products related to «Candesartan»

Candesartan by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Candesartan is a pharmaceutical product developed by Merck Group. It is a lab equipment designed for the analysis and quantification of specific compounds in various samples. The core function of Candesartan is to provide accurate and reliable measurement capabilities for researchers and scientists.

Candesartan by AstraZeneca

Sourced in Sweden

Candesartan is a pharmaceutical product used in the development and testing of various drug candidates. It is a laboratory equipment that functions as an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, which is a type of medication that helps to regulate blood pressure. The core function of Candesartan is to provide researchers with a tool for evaluating the effectiveness and safety of potential new drugs in a controlled laboratory setting.

Angiotensin 2 by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, Macao, Japan, China, Canada, Switzerland

Angiotensin II is a laboratory reagent used for research purposes. It is a peptide hormone that plays a role in the regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. Angiotensin II is commonly used in scientific research to study its physiological effects and its potential therapeutic applications.

Candesartan by Bio-Techne

Sourced in United Kingdom

Candesartan is a laboratory product provided by Bio-Techne. It is a chemical compound used for research and analytical purposes. The core function of Candesartan is to serve as a reference standard or analytical tool for research applications.

Ang 2 by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, China, Macao, Sao Tome and Principe, United Kingdom, Japan, Canada, Switzerland, Australia, France

Ang II is a peptide hormone that is involved in the regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. It is a key component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which plays a central role in the homeostatic control of blood pressure, fluid, and electrolyte balance. Ang II acts on specific receptors to exert its physiological effects.

Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Japan, Canada, Italy, France, Switzerland, New Zealand, Brazil, Belgium, India, Spain, Israel, Austria, Poland, Ireland, Sweden, Macao, Netherlands, Denmark, Cameroon, Singapore, Portugal, Argentina, Holy See (Vatican City State), Morocco, Uruguay, Mexico, Thailand, Sao Tome and Principe, Hungary, Panama, Hong Kong, Norway, United Arab Emirates, Czechia, Russian Federation, Chile, Moldova, Republic of, Gabon, Palestine, State of, Saudi Arabia, Senegal

Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.

Pd123319 by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Sweden, Australia

PD123319 is a laboratory research tool that functions as a selective antagonist for the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor. It is commonly used in scientific research to study the role of the AT1 receptor in various biological processes.

Telmisartan by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany

Telmisartan is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a pharmaceutical ingredient used in the development and testing of various medical treatments. The core function of Telmisartan is to serve as a reference standard for analytical and quality control purposes.

Candesartan cilexetil by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Candesartan cilexetil is a laboratory product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a medication used to treat high blood pressure. The product's core function is to act as an angiotensin II receptor blocker, which helps to lower blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels.

Bovine serum albumin (bsa) by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Japan, France, Sao Tome and Principe, Canada, Macao, Spain, Switzerland, Australia, India, Israel, Belgium, Poland, Sweden, Denmark, Ireland, Hungary, Netherlands, Czechia, Brazil, Austria, Singapore, Portugal, Panama, Chile, Senegal, Morocco, Slovenia, New Zealand, Finland, Thailand, Uruguay, Argentina, Saudi Arabia, Romania, Greece, Mexico

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a common laboratory reagent derived from bovine blood plasma. It is a protein that serves as a stabilizer and blocking agent in various biochemical and immunological applications. BSA is widely used to maintain the activity and solubility of enzymes, proteins, and other biomolecules in experimental settings.

More about "Candesartan"

Candesartan is an Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist (AIIRA) that is commonly used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) and heart failure.
This medication works by blocking the action of angiotensin II, a powerful vasoconstrictor, which leads to vasodilation (widening of blood vessels) and reduced blood pressure.
Candesartan has been shown to improve outcomes in patients with heart failure and is often used in combination with other antihypertensive (blood pressure-lowering) medications.
Researchers can utilize PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform to locate and compare protocols from literature, preprints, and patents related to Candesartan, enhancing the reproducibility and accuracy of their studies.
In addition to Candesartan, other related terms and substances include Angiotensin II (Ang II), FBS (fetal bovine serum), PD123319 (a selective Ang II type 2 receptor antagonist), and Telmisartan (another AIIRA used to treat hypertension).
Candesartan is often administered as Candesartan cilexetil, which is the prodrug form that is converted to the active Candesartan in the body.
By leveraging PubCompare.ai's AI-powered tools, researchers can optimize their Candesartan-related studies, identify the best protocols and products, and improve the overall quality and reproducibility of their work.