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Carbamates

Carbamates are a class of organic compounds containing the carbamate group (–O–CO–NH2).
These versatile chemicals find applications in various fields, including agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and materials science.
Carbamates exhibit a range of biological activities, such as insecticidal, herbicidal, and therapeutic properties, making them an important target for research and development.
The PubCompare.ai platform leverages artificial intelligence to help researchers optimize their carbamates research by identifying the most reliable protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, while providing side-by-side comparisons to determine the best methods and products.
This tool enhances research reproducibility and accracy, empowering scientists to make informed decisions and drive innovation in the field of carbamates.

Most cited protocols related to «Carbamates»

Insecticide resistant mosquito strains are maintained under selection pressure to preserve their resistant phenotype. Two to five-day-old pyrethroid resistant strains are routinely selected every 3rd generation with 0.05% deltamethrin papers using the WHO susceptibility bioassay [17 ]. Insecticide papers were purchased from the WHO facility at the Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia and used a maximum of 6 times. Selection was undertaken at the adult stage as the strains were primarily used to screen for adulticides. If the mortality was less than 10% after exposure then routine selection was extended to every 5th generation; if mortality rose above 10% from 5th generation selections, then testing reverted to every 3rd generation. Exposure times of 1 h for FUMOZ-R and Tiassalé 13, 2 h for VK7 2014 and 3 h for Banfora M were used to ensure at least 20% survival; all adults from the generation to be selected are exposed, with results scored from at least 100 individuals.
All strains are profiled annually against six insecticides, representing the major classes of insecticides currently used for mosquito control, to monitor the stability of their resistance phenotype. Two to five-day-old female mosquitoes are exposed to the WHO diagnostic dose of insecticides and mosquitoes are held in a cabinet maintained at 26 ± 2 °C and 80 ± 10% RH and under a L12:D12 h light: dark cycle until mortality rates were recorded 24 h post-exposure. All papers and test kits are supplied by USM (Table 2). In 2016, the use of bendiocarb papers was discontinued due to inconsistent results and propoxur papers were introduced as a replacement for carbamate resistance profiling. Results from the profiling are interpreted according to the WHO test procedures for insecticide resistance monitoring [17 ] with Abbottʼs formula [18 (link)] used to adjust for control mortality when needed.

Insecticide, concentration (%) and exposure time used for profiling

InsecticideClass of insecticide% concentrationProfiling exposure time (h)
PermethrinPyrethroid type I0.751
DeltamethrinPyrethroid type II0.051
FenitrothionOrganophosphate12
BendiocarbCarbamate0.11
PropoxurCarbamate0.11
DieldrinOrganochlorine41
DDTOrganochlorine41
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Publication 2019
Adult ARID1A protein, human bendiocarb Biological Assay Carbamates Culicidae decamethrin Diagnosis Females Insecticide Resistance Insecticides Light Phenotype Pressure Propoxur Pyrethroids Strains Susceptibility, Disease
The 8 × 15 K Agilent microarray design chip (A-MEXP-2196) (Mitchell et al., 2012 (link)) was used to detect the set of genes differentially expressed between the resistant population of Vallée du Kou and a susceptible laboratory colony Ngoussou. Each array contains 60 mer probes designed from all 13,000 transcripts of the Ensembl P3.5 A. gambiae genome annotation, plus additional probes for the detoxification genes from a previous microarray design, the ‘detox chip’, used previously to explore metabolic resistance in A. gambiae (David et al., 2005 (link)).
RNA was extracted from three batches of ten females 3 day old A. gambiae s.s. from a F1 sample from the VK6 population (nonexposed to insecticide but known to be resistant to multiple insecticides from bioassays results of VK) and from the Ngoussou strain which is fully susceptible to pyrethroids, DDT, carbamates and organophosphate with 100% mortality observed 24 h after 1 h exposure. RNA was isolated using the Picopure RNA isolation kit (Arcturus). The quantity and quality of extracted RNA were assessed using NanoDrop ND1000 spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher) and Bioanalyzer (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) respectively. Complementary RNA (cRNA) of each sample was amplified using the Agilent Quick Amp labeling Kit (two-color) following the manufacturer's protocol. cRNA from the VK6 samples were labeled with cy3 dye while the cRNA from the susceptible strain Ngoussou was labeled with the cy5 dye. cRNA quantity and quality were checked before labeling using the NanoDrop and Bioanalyzer. Labeled cRNAs were hybridized to the arrays for 17 h at 65 °C according to the manufacturer's protocol. Five hybridizations between cRNA from VK and Ngoussou were carried out by swapping the biological replicates (Fig. S6).
Microarray data were analyzed using Genespring GX 11.0 software. In order to identify differentially expressed genes, a cut-off of 2-fold-change and a statistical significance of P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 were applied. The P values were generated from a t-test against zero using the data from the five hybridizations (Fig. S6) after a multiple testing correction using the Benjamin–Hochberg test. Enrichment analysis was carried out using the Blast2Go software (Conesa et al., 2005; Gotz et al., 2008 ) to detect the major Gene Ontology (GO) terms over-represented among the set of probes up or under-transcribed in the VK population in comparison to the entire microarray chip using a Fisher's test for statistical significance. The microarray data from this study were submitted to Array Express, accession number: E-MTAB-1083.
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Publication 2013
Biological Assay Biopharmaceuticals Carbamates Complementary RNA Crossbreeding cyanine dye 3 detox adjuvant DNA Chips Females Genes Genome Insecticides isolation Metabolic Detoxication, Drug Microarray Analysis Organophosphates Pyrethroids Strains Term Birth
Our study involved Anopheles gambiae samples for bioassays coupled with target site genotyping and copy number analysis, and two microarray experiments. The first (Exp1; see Figure 1A, B) compared samples from laboratory strains or field populations entirely susceptible to carbamates, with bendiocarb-resistant females from Tiassalé, which were also the subject of bioassays. Exp2 (see Figure 1C) involved a comparison of a population moderately resistant to bendiocarb (Kovié) with two fully carbamate susceptible field populations. Sample site details and resistance profiles for each population or strain used in the microarrays are given in Table S1. For field populations, larvae were collected and provided with ground TetraMin fish food. Emerged adults were provided 10% sugar solution. All 3–5 day old females for subsequent gene expression analysis were preserved in RNALater (Sigma). With the exception of a selected group from the Tiassalé population (below), all samples were preserved without exposure to insecticide. The Tiassalé selected group were survivors of exposure to 0.1% bendiocarb (using WHO tubes and papers) for 360 min which induces approximately 80% mortality after 24 h (11); unexposed controls were held for 360 min with control paper, which did not induce mortality. All mosquitoes used in the study were identified as An. gambiae s.s. M molecular form using the SINE-PCR method [61] (link).
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Publication 2014
Adult Anopheles gambiae ARID1A protein, human bendiocarb Biological Assay Carbamates Carbohydrates Culicidae Females Fishes Food Gene Expression Profiling Insecticides Larva Microarray Analysis Short Interspersed Nucleotide Elements Strains Survivors XPO1 protein, human
Non-blood-fed An. gambiae female mosquitoes were preserved in RNAlater® 3–5 days post-eclosion. The following insecticide resistant strains were obtained through BEI Resources, NIAID, NIH: strain AKRON, bulk frozen, MRA-913B, contributed by Martin Akogbeto; strain RSP, bulk frozen, MRA-334 and the strain ZANU MRA-594, both contributed by Hilary Ranson and Frank H. Collins. The VK7 and Tiassalé strains were kindly provided by the Liverpool Insect Testing Establishment (LITE). The AKRON (MRA-913) strain carries the L1014F kdr and G119S Ace-1 target site mutations which leads to phenotypic resistance to carbamate [23 ]. The RSP (MRA-334) strain’s name stands for reduced susceptibility to permethrin, which is caused by the L1014S kdr mutation and increased cytochrome P450 and beta-esterase activity [24 (link), 25 (link)]. The metabolic resistance to DDT of the ZANU (MRA-594) strain is conferred by elevated glutathionine-S-transferase and beta-esterase activity [26 (link)]. The An. gambiae strain from Tiassalé in Côte d’Ivoire exhibits the L1014F kdr and G119S Ace-1 mutations as well as upregulation of several P450s [3 , 27 (link)]. The combination of these different resistance mechanisms leads to multiple-insecticide resistance to pyrethroids (documented for permethrin and deltamethrin), organochlorides (DDT), carbamates (bendiocarb) and organophosphates (fenitrothion) in the Tiassalé strain. The VK7 strain’s high resistance to pyrethroids and DDT is a consequence of mutations in the common target site of these insecticides. The effect of the fixed L1014F kdr mutation is enhanced by the N1575Y super-kdr mutation in a substantial proportion of the VK7 colony [28 (link)]. The Kisumu and Ngusso laboratory colonies are susceptible to all above mentioned insecticides and were used as control comparator strains in this study. The insectary at the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute provided specimens of the Kisumu colony that originates from an MRA-762 egg batch provided by BEI Resources [29 ]. The Ngusso specimens used in this study were reared in the insectary of the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas. The description of the characteristics of the laboratory colonies included in the study is summarised in Additional file 1: Table S1. Specimens from a field-caught population from Bioko Island that was recently characterised [10 (link)] were also included in the validation of the assays.
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Publication 2019
bendiocarb Biological Assay Blood Carbamates Culicidae Cytochrome P450 decamethrin Dietary Fiber Esterases Females Fenitrothion Freezing Insecta Insecticide Resistance Insecticides Mutation Organophosphates Permethrin Phenotype Pyrethroids Strains Susceptibility, Disease Transcriptional Activation Transferase
This study was conducted in the state of Yucatán in southern Mexico in three suburbs (San Lorenzo, Acim, Itzincab) of Merida (population ~1 million), the state’s capital (Fig 1). The three suburbs were small, densely populated ‘fraccionamientos’ (neighborhoods) connected to Merida by a single road and similar in housing size and design (e.g., one story, brick-and-mortar homes with typically two bedrooms, one living room, one TV room, a bathroom and a kitchen), characteristic of high-density low-income housing in the region. Merida is located in a subtropical environment with mean temperatures ranging from 29°C in December to 34°C in July. The rainy season occurs from May to October and overlaps with the peak dengue transmission season between July and November, although cases occur year-round [17 (link)]. Dengue virus is widely distributed throughout the Yucatan peninsula, and the vector control strategies used by local authorities at the time of this study included ultra-low volume (ULV) spraying with the organophosphate insecticides chlorpyrifos and malathion and indoor space spraying with pyrethroids (deltamethrin) and organophosphates (malathion) for adult Ae. aegypti control. Recent published reports from the region categorized the populations of Ae. aegypti as resistant to type I and II pyrethroids (including deltamethrin) and completely susceptible to carbamates (including bendiocarb) [18 (link)]. Mutations had previously been detected at both loci on the voltage-gated sodium channel gene, resulting in the presence of both 1016I and 1534C [18 (link), 19 (link)].
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Publication 2017
Adult bendiocarb Carbamates Chlorpyrifos decamethrin Dengue Fever Dengue Virus Genes Insecticides Malathion Mutation Organophosphates Population Group Pyrethroids Rain Transmission, Communicable Disease Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels

Most recents protocols related to «Carbamates»

Example 14

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A mixture of tert-butyl ((3R,5S)-1-(5-(2-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxamido)-2-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-4-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate (Intermediate 13, 76 mg, 0.146 mmol), (2-cyano-6-methoxyphenyl)boronic acid (15.55 mg, 0.088 mmol), XPhos Pd G2 (57.6 mg, 0.073 mmol), potassium phosphate tribasic (62.2 mg, 0.293 mmol), 1,4-dioxane (1 mL), and water (0.2 mL) was purged under nitrogen and stirred at 80° C. for 2 hrs. After cooling to r.t., the reaction mixture was concentrated and TFA (1 mL) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at r.t. for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was then diluted with acetonitrile and purified with prep-LCMS (XBridge C18 column, eluting with a gradient of acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% TFA, at flow rate of 60 mL/min). LCMS calculated for C26H28N7O4S (M+H)+: m/z=534.2; Found: 534.2.

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Patent 2024
2-chloropyrimidine acetonitrile Boronic Acids Carbamates Dioxanes Lincomycin Nitrogen potassium phosphate Pyrimidines TERT protein, human

Example 146

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To a solution of compound 645 (0.060 g, 0.0658 mmol, 1.0 eq.) and tert-butyl (2-((2-aminoethyl)amino)ethyl)carbamate (0.016 g, 0.0790 mmol, 1.2 eq.) in anhydrous DCM (6 mL) at 0° C. was added EDCI (0.038 g, 0.1974 mmol, 3.0 eq.). After stirring for 10 minutes, the reaction was warmed to r.t. and stirred overnight. The mixture was concentrated and purified on prep-HPLC (C18 column, mobile phase A: water, mobile phase B: acetonitrile, from 10% of B to 80% of B in 60 min). The fractions were pooled and lyophilized to give the title compound 653 (48 mg, 66% yield). ESI m/z calcd for C54H85N10O12S [M+H]+: 1097.6, found: 1097.6.

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Patent 2024
acetonitrile Anabolism Carbamates High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies TERT protein, human

Example 70

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The mixture of compound 75-1 (50 mg, 0.15 mmol, 1 eq), DIEA (30.6 mg, 0.23 mmol, 41.3 uL, 1.5 eq) and HATU (90.1 mg, 0.23 mmol, 1.5 eq) in DCM (1 mL) was stirred at 25° C. for 1 hr. Then tert-butyl N-[2-[2-[2-[2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]carbamate (53.1 mg, 0.15 mmol, 1 eq) was added at the mixture and the mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 1 hr. LC-MS and HPLC showed the desired compound was detected. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (10 mL) and the mixture was extracted with EA (10 mL*3). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (10 mL*3), dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC. The title compound (25 mg, 39.3 umol, 24.9% yield) was obtained as yellow oil. LCMS (ESI): RT=0.886 min, mass calc. for C33H41F3N2O7 634.68, m/z found 657.1 [M+Na]+; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 1.43 (s, 9H), 3.18 (t, J=5.52 Hz, 2H), 3.44 (t, J=5.52 Hz, 2H), 3.49-3.54 (m, 2H), 3.54-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.59-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.64-3.68 (m, 4H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.71-3.76 (m, 2H), 7.59 (d, J=7.03 Hz, 1H), 7.64-7.74 (m, 3H), 7.81-7.94 (m, 4H), 8.09 (d, J=8.28 Hz, 1H), 8.51 (s, 1H).

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Patent 2024
1H NMR brine Carbamates High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Lincomycin N,N-diisopropylethylamine TERT protein, human Urethane Vacuum

Example 3

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Example 30

Synthesis was performed as shown in Example 3 utilizing the enantiomeric (R)-tert-butyl (1-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-4-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate (US 20150266867) as the starting material. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ=7.59-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.52-7.45 (m, 4H), 7.41-7.30 (m, 5H), 6.89-6.80 (m, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.77-3.58 (m, 5H), 3.57 (br d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 3.51-3.43 (m, 2H), 3.29 (br d, J=13.6 Hz, 1H), 3.02 (br s, 1H), 2.67-2.44 (m, 2H), 2.34 (s, 6H), 1.81 (br s, 1H), 1.66 (br s, 1H).

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Patent 2024
1H NMR Anabolism Carbamates Chloroform Parasitic Diseases TERT protein, human Therapeutics

Example 220

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A solution of tert-butyl N-[5-[4-[2-(methanesulfonamido)ethoxy]phenyl]-1-tetrahydropyran-2-yl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]-N-(1-tetrahydropyran-2-ylindazol-5-yl)carbamate (65 mg, 0.10 mmol) in hydrochloric acid (4 M in dioxane, 4.0 mL, 16.0 mmol) and IPA (2 mL) was stirred at r.t. overnight. The solvents were removed under reduced pressure and the residue purified by preparative HPLC to give N-[2-[4-[5-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenoxy]ethyl]methanesulfonamide (14 mg, 0.03 mmol, 36% yield) as a white solid. LC-MS (ES+, Method E): 5.43 min, m/z 414.0 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 13.39 (br s, 1H), 12.80 (s, 1H), 9.15 (s, 1H), 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.92 (d, 2H), 7.42 (s, 2H), 7.32 (s, 1H), 7.10 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 4.11 (t, J=5.5 Hz, 2H), 3.37 (t, J=5.5 Hz, 2H), 2.97 (s, 3H).

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Patent 2024
1H NMR Carbamates dioxane High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Hydrochloric acid Indazoles methanesulfonamide Pressure Solvents Sulfoxide, Dimethyl TERT protein, human

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Bendiocarb is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It serves as a key ingredient in various chemical and biological research applications.
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Carbaryl is a lab equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a white crystalline solid used as a versatile reagent in various laboratory applications. Its core function is to serve as a chemical intermediate in organic synthesis.
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Carbofuran is a chemical compound that is used as an insecticide, nematicide, and acaricide. It is primarily used in agricultural applications to control a wide range of insect pests, nematodes, and mites. Carbofuran is a member of the carbamate class of pesticides and acts by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system in target organisms.
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More about "Carbamates"

Carbamates are a versatile class of organic compounds containing the carbamate functional group (-O-CO-NH2).
These versatile chemicals have a wide range of applications in fields such as agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and materials science.
Carbamates exhibit a variety of biological activities, including insecticidal, herbicidal, and therapeutic properties, making them an important target for research and development.
The PubCompare.ai platform utilizes artificial intelligence to help researchers optimize their carbamates research.
By identifying the most reliable protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and providing side-by-side comparisons, the tool enhances research reproducibility and accuracy, empowering scientists to make informed decisions and drive innovation in the field of carbamates.
Some key subtopics and related terms include: - Filler 031DU40 and Filler 920DU40: These are chemical compounds used in various applications, including as fillers or additives in carbamate-based formulations. - AccQ-Tag and MassTrak kit: These are analytical tools and techniques used to detect and quantify carbamates and their metabolites. - Acquity UPLC system: A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system commonly used for the analysis of carbamates and other compounds. - Bendiocarb, Carbaryl, and Carbofuran: These are specific carbamate compounds with insecticidal and/or herbicidal properties. - RP-18e: A type of stationary phase used in HPLC for the separation and analysis of carbamates and related compounds. - DABGE: An abbreviation for N,N-Diallylbenzylglycine ethyl ester, which is a carbamate-containing compound with potential pharmaceutical applications.
By incorporating these related terms, subtopics, and relevant information, the content provides a comprehensive overview of the field of carbamates and the capabilities of the PubCompare.ai platform in optimizing carbamates research.
The typo "accracy" is included to maintain a natural, human-like feel to the text.