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Carbonates

Carbonates are a class of compounds containing the carbonate ion (CO3^2-) and a positively charged ion, such as calcium, magnesium, or sodium.
These compounds are widely found in nature and play crucial roles in various geological, biological, and chemical processes.
Carbonates can form sedimentary rocks, serve as a buffer in aquatic environments, and are important in the carbon cycle.
They have diverse applications in industries ranging from construction materials to pharmaceuticals.
Researchers studying carbonates can leverage advanced AI-driven platforms like PubCompare.ai to easily locate the best protocols from scientific literature, preprints, and patents, ensuring reproducibility and accuracy in their carbonate research.

Most cited protocols related to «Carbonates»

1
Biobehavioral Assessment of Rhesus Macaque Infants
Cited 25 times
The California National Primate Research Center (CNPRC) maintains a colony of approximately 5000 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) housed in outdoor half acre corrals, smaller outdoor “corn cribs,” indoor caging, and indoor nurseries. Each year, the majority of available 3-to-4-month-old infants in the colony participate in a 25-h Biobehavioral Assessment (BBA) program designed to characterize behavioral and physiological responsiveness in young animals. More than 2000 infants have been tested since 2001. An electronic database has been prepared with data from the BBA.
The procedures used to generate the BBA data used in this report have been described previously (Capitanio et al., 2005 (link); Capitanio et al., 2006 ; Golub et al., 2006 (link)). Infants between 90 and 120 days of age were separated from their dams and relocated from their home cages to individual indoor cages (Holding Cage, 60 × 65 × 79 cm, Lab Products, Inc., Maywood, NJ) in the morning on the day of testing. Five to 8 infants, comprising a single cohort, were tested at the same time. The Holding Cage contained a cloth diaper, a stuffed terry cloth duck and a novel manipulable object (approximately 4 × 9 cm) containing activity sensors. Infants were provided with water, a fruit-flavored drink, commercial monkey diet and fresh fruit.
The commercial diet fed to the monkeys in outdoor corrals and during BBA participation (Lab Diet #5038, Purina Mills International, St. Louis MO) contained 230 ppm iron as iron carbonate. Infants were tested in the same predetermined random order for each test throughout the 25-h period (Table 1). For most assessments, they were transferred to a test cage in an adjacent room and videotaped. Tapes were later scored using The Observer software (Noldus Information Technology) for frequency and duration of behaviors. Plasma cortisol was measured in 4 blood samples taken during the 25-h period (see below). At the conclusion of testing on the second day, infants were returned to their mothers and released back to their home enclosures. Behavioral data obtained by observers at the time of the BBA and video-recorded human intruder data were available for this study. Data from the other videorecorded tests (preferential look, video playback of response to social stimuli) have not yet been scored for all animals. Intra- and inter-observer reliabilities are checked annually, and exceed 85% agreement.
Golub M.S., Hogrefe C.E., Capitanio J.P, & Widaman K.F. (2009). Iron Deficiency Anemia and Affective Response in Rhesus Monkey Infants. Developmental psychobiology, 51(1), 47-59.
Publication 2009
Animals BLOOD Carbonates Corns Cribs Diet Ducks Fruit Homo sapiens Hydrocortisone Infant Iron Macaca mulatta Monkeys Mothers physiology Plasma Primates
2
Mitochondrial Calcium Regulation Protocols
Cited 16 times

Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions

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Publication 2013
Buffers Carbonates Cells Fluorometry HeLa Cells Liver Mitochondria Mus Mutant Proteins neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2, human oligofectamine Oxygen Consumption Recombinant DNA RNA, Small Interfering Seahorses Short Hairpin RNA Student Transients
3
Dengue and JEV Antibody Capture ELISA
Cited 16 times
When Innis and coworkers described the IgM capture ELISA for dengue in 1989, they included JEV antigens to differentiate dengue and JEV infections [4 (link)]. This detail is important in settings where both dengue and JEV co-circulate and we have adapted this basic assay to utilize culture supernatants instead of mouse brain derived antigens and monoclonal instead of polyclonal antibodies. We validated the use of culture supernatants as the antigen source previously [5 (link)] and the current assay uses in addition an equal mixture of the monoclonal antibodies MF4/5/A5/C3-3/D4/C6 and MV12/1/C2-2/1, which together can recognize all 4 dengue serotypes as well as JEV. Table 2 shows adjusted OD readings of a mouse immunoglobulin capture ELISA (MIC ELISA) to show the specificities of these 2 monoclonal antibodies. Thus MF4/5/A5/C3-3/D4/C6 is a dengue group reactive antibody and MV12/1/C2-2/1 is JEV specific.
Briefly, 96 well flat bottom plates (Maxisorb, Nunc, Denmark) were coated overnight at 4°C with rabbit anti-human μ chain (Dako A425) at 1:2000 dilution in carbonate-bicarbonate buffer pH 9.6 before blocking with PBS containing 1% casein. Washed plates were loaded with patients serum (in triplicate) at 1:100 dilution in PBS containing 1% casein and incubated at room temperature for 2 hours before washing with PBS containing 0.5% Tween 20 (PBS-Tween). Each specimen was then tested against 3 different antigens: DENV pool (of all 4 serotypes), JEV and the uninfected cell control. These antigens were loaded into the wells for an overnight incubation at 4°C and then washed with PBS-Tween prior to the antigen detection step, which uses a mixture of the monoclonal antibodies MF4/5/A5/C3-3/D4/C6 and MV12/1/C2-2/1 for one hour at room temperature. After washing with PBS-Tween the bound monoclonals were detected using an anti-mouse immunoglobulin conjugated with HRP (Dako P260) at 1:2000 dilution for one hour at room temperature. Colour development was achieved after washing using the substrate, o-phenylenediamine – hydrogen peroxide for 30 minutes at room temperature. The reaction was stopped with sulphuric acid and the optical density (OD) was read at 490 nm wavelength using 650 nm as the reference.
Cardosa M.J., Wang S.M., Sum M.S, & Tio P.H. (2002). Antibodies against prM protein distinguish between previous infection with dengue and Japanese encephalitis viruses.. BMC Microbiology, 2, 9.
Publication 2002
1,2-diaminobenzene Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic Antibody Specificity Antigens Biological Assay Brain Buffers Carbonates Caseins Cells Dengue Fever Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Homo sapiens Immunoglobulin A Immunoglobulins Infection Ion, Bicarbonate Monoclonal Antibodies Mus Patients Peroxide, Hydrogen Rabbits Serum Sulfuric Acids Technique, Dilution Tween 20 Tweens Vision
4
Visualizing and Electrophysiologically Recording GnRH Neurons
Cited 15 times
We viewed GnRH neurons with an Olympus BX50WI upright fluorescent microscope equipped with infrared differential interference contrast (Opelco, Dulles,VA) using a 40x water immersion lens. GnRH neurons were identified by brief illumination (15-45 sec) at 470 nm to visualize the GFP signal. We tried to minimize cell exposure to fluorescence to avoid possible damage to the cell (11 (link)), although in our experience, exposure to fluorescence for up to 20 min (roughly the average duration of a whole-cell recording) does not affect cell physiology (DeFazio and Moenter, unpublished observations).
Recording pipettes were fabricated from capillary glass (type 7052, outer diameter/ inner diameter 1.65/1.1 mm, World Precision Instruments, Sarasota, FL) using a two-stage pipette puller (Narashige, Japan). We found pipettes with resistances of 1-3 MΩ when filled with normal HEPES pipette solution and held at 0 mV in the external solution were most suitable for these recording. When pipette resistance was > 3 MΩ, we found the diameters to be too small, and G-Ω seals often spontaneously formed. Conversely, pipettes < 1 MΩ were so large in diameter that cell morphology could be affected. That is, cells would sometimes be aspirated into the pipette barrel over the duration of the recording. We did not systematically change or study the shank or taper of our electrodes to test for effects on seal stability and longevity, as in our experience, electrode resistance was the primary determinant of recording success. Pipettes were filled with normal saline solution in early studies. Because this is a carbonate-buffered solution, we became concerned that pH could shift over time because internal solutions cannot be bubbled with carbon dioxide to maintain pH. We thus switched to normal HEPES solution for later studies. No significant difference was observed in firing patterns between these pipette solutions. We did find the longevity of recordings improved, but this could have been due to improved ability to acquire and maintain seals rather than a change in pipette solution.
Extracellular recordings were made using an EPC-7 or EPC-8 amplifier (HEKA, Germany) with Igor Pro software (Instrutech, Port Washington, NY) running on a G4 Macintosh computer (Apple Computers, Cupertino, CA) to acquire data. Recordings were made in voltage-clamp mode with a holding potential of 0 mV, initial gain of 0.5x, filtering at 10 kHz, and digitized with at ITC-18 acquisition interface (Instrutech). Using these settings, spontaneous electrical discharges (action currents) from cells could be observed. Action currents reflect very rapid and local changes in the electrochemical gradient.
We used the Pulse Control Event Tracker program operating within Igor Pro (Instrutech) to detect and record action currents (events), the membrane currents associated with action potential firing. Although the following details may not be of use to those without Igor Pro software (Instrutech), similar event detection software exists for pClamp (Axon Instruments). We used the following Event Tracker settings: 10 μsec sampling interval to ensure detection of action currents near their peaks, one point over threshold to trigger to ensure detection of all events above threshold, event polarity negative, and -50 to -150 pA threshold depending on action current amplitude. Noise typically ranged 20-25 pA peak-to-peak. For each detected event, the time of the event and 10 msec centered on the event were digitized and stored to a data file.
We based these settings on the amplitude and duration of spontaneous events observed in early recordings of GnRH neurons. By only digitizing the data surrounding the event itself, file sizes for 30-min records were typically 0.5 to 5 MB, depending on the number of events observed in that 30-min period. Files could easily exceed 100 MB if the baseline trace is continuously recorded. Note that in Igor Pro software (IGOR-PRO 3.16PPC), Event Tracker files cannot exceed ~37-min due to limitations in the way the program stores temporal information. Between the end of one 30-min file and the beginning of the next, we checked seal resistance and adjusted baseline to 0 pA if necessary.
Nunemaker C.S., DeFazio R.A, & Moenter S.M. (2003). A targeted extracellular approach for recording long-term firing patterns of excitable cells: a practical guide. Biological Procedures Online, 5, 53-62.
Publication 2003
Action Potentials ARID1A protein, human Axon Capillaries Carbonates Carbon dioxide Cells Electricity Fluorescence Gonadorelin HEPES Lens, Crystalline Light Microscopy Neurons Normal Saline Phocidae Physiology, Cell Precipitating Factors Pulse Rate Submersion Tissue, Membrane
5
Anaerobic Dissimilatory Sulfur Metabolism
Cited 13 times
The materials and methods used in this work are described in detail in SI Appendix, Materials and Methods. The Bilophila and Desulfovibrio strains were grown in carbonate-buffered mineral salts medium reduced with Ti(III)-nitrilotriacetate. Cell-free extracts were prepared by French press disruption followed by centrifugation to remove unbroken cells; these extracts were used for proteomics analysis and measurement of Tpa, SarD, and IslAB activity. Sulfite was detected by a colorimetric (fuchsin) assay as well as by HPLC after derivatization, and acetaldehyde was detected by HPLC after derivatization. A hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography column and HPLC-MS system was used to detect taurine, alanine, sulfoacetaldehyde, and isethionate. His-tagged Tpa and SarD were produced using E. coli Rosetta 2 DE3 and the His-tagged GREs, AdhE, and DctP using E. coli BL21. The His-tagged GRE activating enzymes were overexpressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) ΔiscR::kan. Before induction, these cultures were rendered anoxic by sparging with argon. Cell lysis and enzyme purification were also done under anoxic conditions. The recombinant GREs were rendered anoxic after purification and activated by incubation in the presence of the GRE-activating enzyme, SAM, and acriflavine as a photosensitizer in Hepes-bicine buffer under ambient light. Kinetics and substrate ranges of the GREs were measured spectrophotometrically using a coupled assay with alcohol dehydrogenase, reducing the acetaldehyde to ethanol concomitant with NADH formation.
Peck S.C., Denger K., Burrichter A., Irwin S.M., Balskus E.P, & Schleheck D. (2019). A glycyl radical enzyme enables hydrogen sulfide production by the human intestinal bacterium Bilophila wadsworthia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(8), 3171-3176.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2019
2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate Acetaldehyde Acriflavine Alanine Anoxia Argon Bilophila Biological Assay Buffers Carbonates Cell Extracts Cells Centrifugation Colorimetry Dehydrogenase, Alcohol Desulfovibrio Enzymes Escherichia coli Ethanol HEPES High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Hydrophilic Interactions Kinetics Light Liquid Chromatography Minerals N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine NADH Photosensitizing Agents Rosaniline Dyes Salts Strains Sulfites sulfoacetaldehyde Taurine

Most recents protocols related to «Carbonates»

1
Synthesis of Monobactam Cannabinoid Conjugates
Not available on PMC !

Example 20

Monobactam thiocarbonate linked β-lactam antibiotic cannabinoid conjugate components are synthesized according to the following Scheme. The starting material [76855-69-1] is deacetylated under reported conditions (Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 72(2), 255-9; 1995) to give the 2-hydroxy intermediate. This hydroxy group is then reacted with thiophosgene and a cannabinoid (CBD) under standard basic conditions to form the carbonate link. Removal of the silyl ether protecting group followed by sulfonation using established conditions gives the product.

[Figure (not displayed)]

US11877988B2. Conjugate molecules (2024-01-23). Diverse Biotech, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Paul Hershberger [US], Philip Arlen [US].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
Cannabinoids Carbonates Ethers Fluorine Monobactams thiophosgene
2
Synthesis of Camptothecin Prodrugs
Not available on PMC !

Example 18

[Figure (not displayed)]

a.1) Synthesis of camptothecin prodrug 1: Camptothecin prodrug (1) will be produced by the direct coupling of the compound with PAzPC (fatty acid modified oxidized lipid 16:0-9:0 COOH PC) in presence of DCC/DMAP mediated coupling protocol.

a.2) Synthesis of camptothecin prodrug 2: Camptothecin will be activated with bis(4-nitrophenyl) carbonate followed by reacting with monoboc-ethylendimine to produce 6. In a typical experimental procedure, under a N2 atmosphere, a mixture of camptothecin, bis(4-nitrophenyl) carbonate and DMAP in dry CH2Cl2 will be stirred for 7 h. The reaction mixture will be diluted with CH2Cl2 and washed with H2O. The organic layer will be dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated. Flash chromatography (EtOAc-hexane) will be used to yield the activated fumagillol. Monoboc-protected ethylendiamine will then be coupled to prepare intermediate-6. The product will be recovered and immediately be subjected to DCC/DMAP mediated coupling with PAzPC. The chemical identity of both analogues will be confirmed by NMR and mass-spectrometric anayses.

US11872313B2. Prodrug compositions, prodrug nanoparticles, and methods of use thereof (2024-01-16). Washington University [US]. Inventors: Gregory M. Lanza [US], Dipanjan Pan [US].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
4-nitrophenyl Anabolism Atmosphere Camptothecin Carbonates Chromatography ethylenediamine Fatty Acids fumagillol Hexanes Lipids Mass Spectrometry Prodrugs
3
Novel Quinolyl-Benzodioxine Derivative Synthesis
Not available on PMC !

Example 133

[Figure (not displayed)]

A suspension of N,N′-disuccinimidyl carbonate (85 mass %), o-methylhydroxylamine HCl (0.03198 g, 0.3753 mmol,), and DIPEA (0.06790 g, 0.5254 mmol,) in ACN (1 ml) was stirred at RT for 0.5 h. 6-(4-Methyl-3-quinolyl)spiro[4H-1,3-benzodioxine-2,4′-piperidine] (52 mg, 0.1501 mmol), and DIPEA (0.06790 g, 0.5254 mmol,) were added and stirred 0.5 h. The reaction was then partitioned between EtOAc and water, separated and the organic layer back extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried (MgSO4), filtered and concentrated. The product was purified by Gilson (5-45% ACN in water with 0.1% TFA). The pure fractions were concentrated, freebased, and dried at 50° C. overnight to give a solid. Analysis: LCMS m/z=420 (M+1); 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 9.82 (s, 1H), 8.72 (s, 1H), 8.19 (dd, J=8.4, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (dd, J=8.5, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (ddd, J=8.3, 6.9, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.72-7.64 (m, 1H), 7.29 (dd, J=8.3, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 4.95 (s, 2H), 3.55 (s, 3H), 3.49-3.34 (m, 4H), 2.63 (s, 3H), 1.92-1.78 (m, 4H).

US11878982B2. Spiropiperidine derivatives (2024-01-23). 89BIO LTD [IL]. Inventors: Robert L Hudkins [US], David B. Whitman [US], Craig A. Zificsak [US], Allison L. Zulli [US], Melody McWherter [US].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
1H NMR brine Carbonates DIPEA Lincomycin methoxyamine piperidine Sulfate, Magnesium Sulfoxide, Dimethyl
4
Colocalization of Antibodies in B-cells
Not available on PMC !

Example 4

To determine where 2F2-grafted “humanized” antibodies and antibody variants are delivered upon internalization into the cell, colocalization studies of the anti-CD79b antibodies internalized into B-cell lines may be assessed in Ramos cell lines. LAMP-1 is a marker for late endosomes and lysosomes (Kleijmeer et al., Journal of Cell Biology, 139(3): 639-649 (1997); Hunziker et al., Bioessays, 18:379-389 (1996); Mellman et al., Annu. Rev. Dev. Biology, 12:575-625 (1996)), including MHC class II compartments (MIICs), which is a late endosome/lysosome-like compartment. HLA-DM is a marker for MIICs.

Ramos cells are incubated for 3 hours at 37° C. with 1 μg/ml 2F2-grafted “humanized” antibodies and antibody variants, FcR block (Miltenyi) and 25 μg/ml Alexa647-Transferrin (Molecular Probes) in complete carbonate-free medium (Gibco) with the presence of 10 μg/ml leupeptin (Roche) and 5 μM pepstatin (Roche) to inhibit lysosomal degradation. Cells are then washed twice, fixed with 3% paraformaldehyde (Electron Microscopy Sciences) for 20 minutes at room temperature, quenched with 50 mM NH4Cl (Sigma), permeabilized with 0.4% Saponin/2% FBS/1% BSA for 20 minutes and then incubated with 1 μg/ml Cy3 anti-mouse (Jackson Immunoresearch) for 20 minutes. The reaction is then blocked for 20 minutes with mouse IgG (Molecular Probes), followed by a 30 minute incubation with Image-iT FX Signal Enhancer (Molecular Probes). Cells are finally incubated with Zenon Alexa488-labeled mouse anti-LAMP1 (BD Pharmingen), a marker for both lysosomes and MIIC (a lysosome-like compartment that is part of the MHC class II pathway), for 20 minutes, and post-fixed with 3% PFA. Cells are resuspended in 20 μl saponin buffer and allowed to adhere to poly-lysine (Sigma) coated slides prior to mounting a coverglass with DAPI-containing VectaShield (Vector Laboratories). For immunofluorescence of the MIIC or lysosomes, cells are fixed, permeabilized and enhanced as above, then co-stained with Zenon labeled Alexa555-HLA-DM (BD Pharmingen) and Alexa488-Lamp1 in the presence of excess mouse IgG as per the manufacturer's instructions (Molecular Probes).

Accordingly, colocalization of 2F2-grafted “humanized” antibodies or antibody variants with MIIC or lysosomes of B-cell lines as assessed by immunofluorescence may indicate the molecules as excellent agents for therapy of tumors in mammals, including B-cell associated cancers, such as lymphomas (i.e. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma), leukemias (i.e. chronic lymphocytic leukemia), and other cancers of hematopoietic cells.

US11866496B2. Humanized anti-CD79B antibodies and immunoconjugates and methods of use (2024-01-09). Genentech, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Yvonne Chen [US], Mark Dennis [US], Kristi Elkins [US], Jagath Reddy Junutula [US], Andrew Polson [US], Bing Zheng [US].
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Patent 2024
Alexa Fluor 647 Anti-Antibodies Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized B-Lymphocytes Buffers Carbonates CD79B protein, human Cell Lines Cells Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cloning Vectors DAPI Electron Microscopy Endosomes Genes, MHC Class II Hematopoietic Neoplasms Immunofluorescence Immunoglobulins Leukemia leupeptin Lymphoma Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Lysine lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1, human Lysosomes Malignant Neoplasms Mammals Molecular Probes Mus Neoplasms paraform pepstatin Poly A Saponin Therapeutics Transferrin
5
Binding Assay for FOLR1 Antibodies
Not available on PMC !

Example 5

The Purified chimeric mAbs were tested in an ELISA assay for their ability to bind to immobilized human FOLR1. Recombinant extracellular domain of human FOLR1 (Novoprotein, Cat #: C784) in carbonate coating buffer was coated on a 96-well plate at room temperature for 1 hour. The plate is blocked by 5% BSA in TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. In each well of an individual plate, mAbs at various concentrations were incubated for 1 hour at room temperature. The plate was washed and the binding to FOLR1 was detected by anti-human IgG conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (hIgG-HRP) (ThermoFisher Scientific, Cat #: H10007) with incubation for 1 hour at room temperature. Then after washing, the ELISA was developed using One-step Detection Solution (ThermoFisher Scientific, Cat #: 34028) and measured as the absorbance at 450 nm. The results are shown in FIGS. 2A-2C.

US11873335B2. Anti-folate receptor 1 antibodies and uses thereof (2024-01-16). Phanes Therapeutics, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Minghan Wang [US], Hui Zou [US], Haiqun Jia [US].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
anti-IgG Biological Assay Buffers Carbonates Chimera Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Figs FOLR1 protein, human hippuryl-glycyl-glycine Homo sapiens Monoclonal Antibodies

Top products related to «Carbonates»

1
Bovine serum albumin (bsa) by Merck Group
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Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a common laboratory reagent derived from bovine blood plasma. It is a protein that serves as a stabilizer and blocking agent in various biochemical and immunological applications. BSA is widely used to maintain the activity and solubility of enzymes, proteins, and other biomolecules in experimental settings.
2
3 3 5 5 tetramethylbenzidine (tmb) by Merck Group
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TMB is a chromogenic substrate used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to detect and quantify the presence of specific analytes. It undergoes a color change upon reaction with the enzyme-labeled detection antibody, allowing for the visualization and measurement of the target analyte.
3
Carbonate bicarbonate buffer by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom
Carbonate-bicarbonate buffer is a laboratory buffer solution used to maintain a specific pH range, typically between 8.3 and 10.0. It is composed of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, which provide the buffering capacity. This buffer is commonly used in various biochemical and analytical applications that require a stable alkaline environment.
4
Microplate reader by Bio-Rad
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The Microplate reader is a laboratory instrument used to measure the absorbance or fluorescence of samples in a microplate format. It can be used to conduct various assays, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), cell-based assays, and other biochemical analyses. The core function of the Microplate reader is to precisely quantify the optical properties of the samples in a multi-well microplate.
5
Maxisorp by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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The MaxiSorp is a high-binding surface 96-well microplate designed for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and other immunoassay applications. The plate's surface is optimized for efficient adsorption of a wide range of proteins, including antibodies, antigens, and other biomolecules. This product provides a reliable and consistent platform for various immunological experiments and assays.
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Nunc maxisorp by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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The Nunc MaxiSorp is a high-binding 96-well microplate designed for use in ELISA and other protein-based assays. It features a hydrophilic polystyrene surface that is optimized for the adsorption of proteins and other biomolecules.
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Elisa plate by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) plates are a type of laboratory equipment used for performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. These plates typically consist of a flat surface with multiple wells, allowing for the simultaneous analysis of multiple samples or conditions. The wells are designed to facilitate the binding of specific proteins or other molecules to the plate surface, enabling the detection and quantification of target analytes in the samples.
8
Maxisorp plate by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Maxisorp plates are a type of microwell plate designed for immunoassays. They feature a high-binding surface that allows for efficient capture of proteins and other biomolecules. The plates are made of polystyrene and are available in a variety of well configurations to suit different experimental needs.
9
96 well plate by Corning
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96-well plates are a type of laboratory equipment used for various applications in research and diagnostic testing. These plates consist of a rectangular array of 96 individual wells, typically arranged in a 8x12 configuration. The plates provide a standardized and high-throughput format for conducting experiments, assays, or sample processing. The wells are designed to hold small volumes of liquids, enabling efficient use of reagents and samples.
10
Microplate reader by Agilent Technologies
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The Microplate reader is a versatile laboratory instrument used to measure and analyze the optical properties of samples in microplates. It is designed to quantify absorbance, fluorescence, or luminescence signals from various assays and applications.

More about "Carbonates"

Carbonates are a diverse class of chemical compounds that play a crucial role in various geological, biological, and industrial processes.
These compounds contain the carbonate ion (CO3^2-) and a positively charged cation, such as calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), or sodium (Na+).
Carbonate minerals, like calcite and dolomite, are widely found in nature and form sedimentary rocks, serving as a crucial buffer in aquatic environments and contributing to the carbon cycle.
Researchers studying carbonates can leverage advanced AI-driven platforms like PubCompare.ai to easily locate the best protocols from scientific literature, preprints, and patents.
This ensures reproducibility and accuracy in their carbonate research, which may involve techniques and equipment like Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), Carbonate-Bicarbonate Buffer, Microplate Readers, MaxiSorp and Nunc MaxiSorp ELISA plates, and 96-well plates.
Carbonates have diverse applications in industries ranging from construction materials to pharmaceuticals.
They play a vital role in maintaining pH balance, facilitating chemical reactions, and serving as a source of minerals.
By harnessing the power of PubCompare.ai, researchers can optimize their carbonate studies, leading to groundbreaking discoveries and advancements in fields such as geology, environmental science, and materials science.