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Cardiolipins

Cardiolipins are a class of lipids that play a crucial role in mitochondrial function and energy production.
These diphosphatidylglycerol molecules are found primarily in the inner membranes of mitochondria, where they facilitate the efficient transport of electrons and protons during oxidative phosphorylatoin.
Cardiolipins are also invloved in apoptosis, membrane dynamics, and signaling pathways.
Researchers studying cardiolipins and their functions can leverage PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform to optimize their research protocols and enhance reproducibility, locating the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents with ease.

Most cited protocols related to «Cardiolipins»

Lipid classes are: PE, phosphatidylethanolamines; LPE; lyso-phosphatidylethanolamines; PE-O, 1-alkyl-2-acylglycerophosphoethanolamines; PS, phosphatidylserines; PC, phosphatidylcholines; PC-O, 1-alkyl-2-acylglycerophosphocholines; LPC, lysophosphatidylcholines; SM, sphingomyelins; PA, phosphatidic acids; PG, phosphatidylglycerols; PI, phosphatidylinositols; DAG, diacylglycerols; TAG, triacylglycerols; CL, cardiolipins; LCL, triacyl-lysocardiolipins; Cer, ceramides; Chol, cholesterol; CholEst, cholesterol esters.
Individual molecular species are annotated as follows: :/:. For example, PC 18:0/18:1 stands for a phosphatidylcholine comprising the moieties stearic (18:0) and oleic (18:1) fatty acids. If the exact composition of fatty acid or fatty alcohol moieties is not known, the species are annotated as: :. In this way, PC 36:1 stands for a PC species having 36 carbon atoms and one double bond in both fatty acid moieties.
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Publication 2011
Carbon Cardiolipins Ceramides Cholesterol Cholesterol Esters Diglycerides Fatty Acids Fatty Alcohols Lipids Lysophosphatidylcholines Phosphatidic Acids Phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylethanolamines Phosphatidylglycerols Phosphatidylinositols Phosphatidylserines Sphingomyelins Triglycerides
The standard lipid parameters for palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE) and palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (POPG) were taken from Wassenaar et al.41 (link) and those for CDL2 (a cardiolipin with a net charge of −2e) from Dahlberg and Maliniak.42 (link) The parameters for Na+ and Cl were taken from Marrink et al.5 (link),6 (link) For Ca2+, a well-tested Martini model is not available yet. Here, Ca2+ was simply modeled as Na+ with +2e, as this has been used before in other published studies.43 (link) As in most applications, the standard water model was taken from Marrink et al.44 The parameters for LPS are those defined in Hsu et al.35 (link) Note that a few bonds with large force constants in the original LPS models were replaced with constraints to improve stability and allow larger integration time steps.6 (link) For the proteins, the Martini 2.1 protein force field was used45 (link) in combination with an elastic network.46 (link) The common settings associated with the Martini model were used to perform the simulations, including a 12-Å cutoff for the non-bonded interactions using shifted potentials.47 In this study, unless specified explicitly, all NPT (constant particle number, pressure and temperature) simulations were performed at 310 K, atmospheric pressure of 1 bar, and physiological salt concentration (150 mM NaCl for bulk solution with additional Na+ or Ca2+ ions to neutralize the LPS core and Lipid A, respectively). The systems generated by Martini Maker using default options (unless specified explicitly) were energy-minimized and equilibrated using the default settings of the README output file and the GROMACS 5.1 molecular dynamics package.48
Publication 2017
Atmospheric Pressure Bond Force dental cement Cardiolipins Dietary Fiber Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy, Type IV Ions Lipid A Lipids Molecular Dynamics oleoyl palmitoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine Phosphatidylglycerols physiology Pressure Proteins Sodium Chloride Sodium Chloride, Dietary
Murine heart lipid extracts were diluted from 20 μL to 200 μL with isopropanol/acetonitrile (60/40, v/v). After mixing 10 μL of diluted sample with 10 μL of 9-aminoacridine (10 mg/mL; dissolved in isopropanol/acetonitrile (60/40, v/v)), 0.25 μL of the mixture was spotted on an Opti-TOF® 384 well plate. MS analysis was performed on a 4800 MALDI-TOF/TOF Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Mass spectra of inositol glycerophospholipids (PI), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), serine glycerophospholipids (PS), ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (PE), phosphatidic acid (PA) and cardiolipin (CL) molecular species were acquired in the negative ion mode by averaging 1500 consecutive laser shots (50 shots per subspectra with 30 total subspectra) with default calibration and mass spectra of choline glycerophospholipids (PC) acquired in the positive ion mode. MS2 analyses of lipids were accomplished by collision-induced dissociation (CID) using air at medium pressure.
Publication 2008
acetonitrile Air Pressure Aminacrine Cardiolipins Heart Isopropyl Alcohol Lipids Mass Spectrometry Mus Phosphatidic Acid Phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylethanolamines Phosphatidyl Glycerol Phosphatidylinositols Phosphatidylserines Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
Biotin-D-lysine (BDL) and synthetic Lipid II analog were prepared as previously described.29 (link),42 (link) Moenomycin A was isolated from Flavomycin stock. Vancomycin hydrochloride was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 2-sulfonatoethyl methanethiosulfonate (MTSES) was purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals. Beta-lactam drugs were purchased from the indicated vendors: piperacillin sodium salt (VWR), imipenem monohydrate (Toronto Research Chemicals), methicillin sodium salt, mecillinam vetranal, cefaclor, oxacillin sodium salt and cephradine (Sigma-Aldrich). S. aureus lipids, 16:0 phosphatidylglycerol (abbreviated as PG), 14:0 cardiolipin (abbreviated as CL), and 16:0 lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (abbreviated as LPG), were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids. Nalgene Oak Ridge High-Speed Centrifuge Tubes used for lipid extractions were purchased from Thermo Scientific. Streptavidin-HRP antibody was purchased from Pierce (Catalog #21130). Amersham ECL Prime Western Blotting Detection Reagent was purchased from GE Healthcare. Primers were purchased from Integrated DNA Technologies. Restriction endonucleases were purchased from New England Biolabs. Vectors and expression hosts were obtained from Novagen. Non-stick conical vials and pipette tips used for enzymatic reactions were from VWR. Tryptic Soy Broth and Luria Broth were purchased from Becton Dickinson.
S. aureus strain was grown at 37 °C in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) media under aeration with shaking. B. subtilis and E. coli MurJA29C strain were grown at 37 °C in Luria Broth (LB) media under aeration with shaking. LC/MS chromatograms were obtained on an Agilent Technologies 1100 series LC-MSD instrument using electrospray ionization (ESI). HRMS data was obtained on a Bruker Maxis Impact LC-q-TOF Mass Spectrometer using ESI. Western blots were developed using Biomax Light Film (Kodak) or imaged using an Azure C400 imaging system. ImageJ was used for densitometric analysis of western blots.
Publication 2017
(2-sulfonatoethyl)methanethiosulfonate Amdinocillin Azure A beta-Lactams Biotin Cardiolipins Cefaclor Cephradine Cloning Vectors Densitometry DNA Restriction Enzymes Enzymes Escherichia coli Flavomycin Hydrochloride, Vancomycin Imipenem Immunoglobulins Light lipid II Lipids Lysine lysylphosphatidylglycerol Methicillin Sodium moenomycin A Oligonucleotide Primers Pharmaceutical Preparations Phosphatidylglycerols Sodium, Piperacillin Sodium Chloride Sodium Oxacillin Staphylococcus aureus Strains Streptavidin tryptic soy broth Western Blot
Biotin-D-lysine (BDL) and synthetic Lipid II analog were prepared as previously described.29 (link),42 (link) Moenomycin A was isolated from Flavomycin stock. Vancomycin hydrochloride was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 2-sulfonatoethyl methanethiosulfonate (MTSES) was purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals. Beta-lactam drugs were purchased from the indicated vendors: piperacillin sodium salt (VWR), imipenem monohydrate (Toronto Research Chemicals), methicillin sodium salt, mecillinam vetranal, cefaclor, oxacillin sodium salt and cephradine (Sigma-Aldrich). S. aureus lipids, 16:0 phosphatidylglycerol (abbreviated as PG), 14:0 cardiolipin (abbreviated as CL), and 16:0 lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (abbreviated as LPG), were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids. Nalgene Oak Ridge High-Speed Centrifuge Tubes used for lipid extractions were purchased from Thermo Scientific. Streptavidin-HRP antibody was purchased from Pierce (Catalog #21130). Amersham ECL Prime Western Blotting Detection Reagent was purchased from GE Healthcare. Primers were purchased from Integrated DNA Technologies. Restriction endonucleases were purchased from New England Biolabs. Vectors and expression hosts were obtained from Novagen. Non-stick conical vials and pipette tips used for enzymatic reactions were from VWR. Tryptic Soy Broth and Luria Broth were purchased from Becton Dickinson.
S. aureus strain was grown at 37 °C in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) media under aeration with shaking. B. subtilis and E. coli MurJA29C strain were grown at 37 °C in Luria Broth (LB) media under aeration with shaking. LC/MS chromatograms were obtained on an Agilent Technologies 1100 series LC-MSD instrument using electrospray ionization (ESI). HRMS data was obtained on a Bruker Maxis Impact LC-q-TOF Mass Spectrometer using ESI. Western blots were developed using Biomax Light Film (Kodak) or imaged using an Azure C400 imaging system. ImageJ was used for densitometric analysis of western blots.
Publication 2017
(2-sulfonatoethyl)methanethiosulfonate Amdinocillin Azure A beta-Lactams Biotin Cardiolipins Cefaclor Cephradine Cloning Vectors Densitometry DNA Restriction Enzymes Enzymes Escherichia coli Flavomycin Hydrochloride, Vancomycin Imipenem Immunoglobulins Light lipid II Lipids Lysine lysylphosphatidylglycerol Methicillin Sodium moenomycin A Oligonucleotide Primers Pharmaceutical Preparations Phosphatidylglycerols Sodium, Piperacillin Sodium Chloride Sodium Oxacillin Staphylococcus aureus Strains Streptavidin tryptic soy broth Western Blot

Most recents protocols related to «Cardiolipins»

Protein kinase A, lactate dehydrogenase, and phosphoenol-pyruvate were purchased from Roche CustomBiotech (Indianapolis, IN). Adenosine-5′-triphosphate disodium salt (ATP) ultrapure 98% was obtained from Alfa Aesar (Tewksbury, MA). Verapamil was acquired from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO). n-dodecyl-β-D-maltopyranoside (DDM) was bought from Inalco S. p.A (Milano, Italy). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Burlington, MA).
E. coli polar lipids (polar extract) and synthetic lipids were acquired from Avanti (Alabaster, AL); these include 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine or 16:0-18:1 PC (POPC), 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine (POPS), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylinositol (POPI), 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylglycerol (POPG), DPPA, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate or 16:0 PA, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC). Sphingomyelin (SM) was >99% pure from porcine brain with major acyl chains of 18:0 (50%) and 21:1 (21%), and cardiolipin (CL) was from >99% bovine heart with major acyl chains of 18:2 (90%). All synthetic lipids, SM and CL had very low tryptophan fluorescence (ex/em 295/350 nm) if purchased as powder. Cholesterol (Chol) and cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS) were purchased from Anatrace (Maumee, OH).
General chemicals were at the highest grade from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, Massachusetts).
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Publication 2023
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine Adenosine Triphosphate Alabaster Brain Cardiolipins Cattle Cholesterol cholesterol-hemisuccinate Coenzyme I Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine Escherichia coli Fluorescence Glycerylphosphorylcholine Heart Lactate Dehydrogenase Lipids Phosphates Phosphatidylethanolamines Phosphatidylglycerols Phosphatidylinositols Phosphoenolpyruvate Pigs Powder Serine Sodium Chloride Sphingomyelins Tryptophan Verapamil
Chemically competent C43 cells were used for expression of HTL [38 (link)]. HTL was purified as described previously [21 (link),39 (link),40 (link)] in TS130G buffer (20 mM Tris–HClpH ≈ 8, 130 mM NaCl, 10% (v/v) Glycerol) for density gradient experiments and with Tris substitution for 50 mM HEPESpH ≈ 8 in size exclusion experiments (HS130G buffer: 50 mM HEPESpH ≈ 8, 130 mM NaCl, 10% (v/v) Glycerol) [21 (link),39 (link),40 (link)]. Throughout later stages of purification both buffers were supplemented with 0.02% cardiolipin (CL) as described previously [23 (link)].
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Publication 2023
Buffers Cardiolipins Cells Glycerin Sodium Chloride Tromethamine
Escherichia coli polar lipid and cardiolipin (CL) were purchased from Avanti, and were prepared at 10 mg/ml in 50 mM triethanolamine, pH ∼ 7.5, 50 mM KCl.
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Publication 2023
Cardiolipins Escherichia coli Lipids triethanolamine
The total mitochondrial mass was determined using 10-N-Nonyl acridine orange (NAO, Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA), a dye that binds to cardiolipin present specifically on the mitochondrial membrane [63 (link)]. Briefly, wt and cdh1Δ cells were grown to mid-log phase in YPGal medium and incubated in culture medium containing 10 μM NAO for 30 min. Fluorescence intensity measured using the BD Accuri C6 flow cytometer. Data were analysed with FlowJo v10 software version.
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Publication 2023
Cardiolipins Cells Culture Media Fluorescence Mitochondrial Inheritance Mitochondrial Membranes N(10)-nonylacridine orange
SLC25A20 structural models have been inserted in a bilayer phospholipid membrane mimicking the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), using the web server CHARMM-GUI (http://www.charmm-gui.org, accessed on 1 December 2022) [62 (link)]. The membrane composition was based on the IMM model published by the CHARMM-GUI team available at the CHARMM-GUI Archive (https://charmm-gui.org/?doc=archive&lib=biomembrane, accessed on 1 December 2022) [63 (link)]. Different concentrations and lipid tail composition are used to better represent the inner and outer IMM leaflets. In this model membrane, phosphatidylcholine is the most represented phospholipid species, followed by phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin, the latter being more abundant in the inner layer. Water molecules, from the TIP3P model, were added on both sides of the membrane, forming two layers each 22.5 Å thick. The total system charge was neutralized by adding NaCl ions, reaching a physiological concentration of 0.15 M. The CHARMM36m force field [64 (link)] and the AMBER22 package [65 ] were used to perform the MD simulations of the assembled systems (~100,000 atoms, see Supplementary Table S6 for representative compositions), following the CHARMM-GUI protocol. First, an energy minimization procedure, involving 2500 steps of steepest descent and 2500 steps of conjugate gradient, was performed. Positional restraints were applied on the protein residues (10 kcal mol−1 Å−2) and on the membrane (2.5 kcal mol−1 Å−2). The resulting minimized systems have then been simulated using the canonical NVT ensemble, reaching a final temperature of 310.15 K. Thereafter, isothermal-isobaric NPT ensemble simulations have been performed to equilibrate the pressure to 1 bar. During the thermalization and equilibration phases, the positional restraints have been gradually reduced. The equilibrated system, without restraints, was properly simulated using the NPT ensemble for a total of 1 μs. Each system was simulated in replica. The Langevin thermostat has been used for both NVT and NPT ensembles, while the Monte Carlo barostat with a semiisotropic pressure scaling has been used for pressure control [66 (link)]. All of the MD simulations have been performed in a periodic boundary system. For the long range non-bonded interactions, the Particle Mesh Ewald method [67 (link)] and a 12 Å cut-off, with a force switching region at 10 Å, were used. The MD simulations were performed with a time step of 2 fs, apart from the apoSLC25A20 simulation for which the hydrogen mass repartitioning (HMR) method [68 (link)] was used with a 4 fs time step.
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Publication 2023
Cardiolipins Hydrogen Ions Lipids Mitochondrial Membrane, Inner Mitochondrial Membrane, Outer Phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylethanolamines Phospholipids physiology Pressure Proteins Sodium Chloride STEEP1 protein, human Tail Tissue, Membrane

Top products related to «Cardiolipins»

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Cardiolipin is a phospholipid component found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It plays a crucial role in the functioning of the electron transport chain and the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) within the mitochondria.
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Cardiolipin is a phospholipid found in the inner membrane of mitochondria. It is essential for the proper functioning of mitochondrial enzymes and plays a crucial role in the process of oxidative phosphorylation, which is the primary means of ATP production in eukaryotic cells.
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1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine is a synthetic phospholipid product offered by Avanti Polar Lipids. It is a phosphatidylethanolamine lipid with two oleic acid chains attached to a glycerol backbone and a phosphoethanolamine head group.
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The Cardiolipin Assay Kit is a quantitative colorimetric assay designed to measure the concentration of cardiolipin, a phospholipid found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The kit provides a simple and reliable method to determine cardiolipin levels in various biological samples.
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DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
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1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a synthetic lipid compound. It is a phospholipid that consists of two oleic acid chains attached to a glycerol backbone, with a phosphocholine headgroup.
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Human insulin is a type of laboratory equipment used in the production and analysis of insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. It is a recombinant form of the insulin molecule, which is structurally and functionally identical to the insulin produced by the human body. Human insulin is commonly used in research, drug development, and clinical applications related to diabetes management.
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Hexadecane is a saturated hydrocarbon compound with the chemical formula C16H34. It is a colorless, odorless liquid at room temperature. Hexadecane is commonly used as a reference material and solvent in various laboratory applications.
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Cardiolipin (CL) is a phospholipid found primarily in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is a key component of the electron transport chain and plays a crucial role in cellular energy production. Cardiolipin helps maintain the structure and function of mitochondria, which are the powerhouses of the cell.
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1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) is a synthetic phospholipid commonly used in research applications. It is a neutral phospholipid composed of a glycerol backbone, two oleic acid chains, and a choline headgroup. DOPC serves as a building block for model lipid membranes and is widely employed in studies involving membrane structure and function.

More about "Cardiolipins"

Cardiolipins, also known as diphosphatidylglycerols, are a class of lipids that play a crucial role in mitochondrial function and energy production.
These unique molecules are found primarily in the inner membranes of mitochondria, where they facilitate the efficient transport of electrons and protons during the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
Cardiolipins are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including apoptosis, membrane dynamics, and signaling pathways.
Researchers studying cardiolipins and their functions can leverage the power of AI-driven platforms like PubCompare.ai to optimize their research protocols and enhance reproducibility.
These platforms can help researchers easily locate the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, allowing them to compare and select the most effective approaches for their studies.
In addition to cardiolipins, other related terms and compounds like 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, Cardiolipin Assay Kits, DMSO, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, Human insulin, and Hexadecane can also be utilized in cardiolipin research.
By understanding the properties and functions of these related compounds, researchers can gain deeper insights into the complex mechanisms underlying cardiolipin-mediated processes.
Leveraging the insights from PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform and the rich ecosystem of related terms and compounds, researchers can optimize their cardiolipin studies, enhance reproducibility, and drive their research forward with greater efficiency and confidence.
Whether you're studying the role of cardiolipins in mitochondrial function, apoptosis, or signaling pathways, the tools and resources available can help you unlock new discoveries and advance the field of cardiolipin research.