> Chemicals & Drugs > Organic Chemical > Choline Chloride

Choline Chloride

Q: What is Choline Chloride and what are its key functions?

Choline Chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt that is an essential nutrient and a precursor of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. It plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism, cell membrane signaling, and various other biological processes. Choline Chloride is commonly used in dietary supplements and as a food additive.

Q: What are some common applications of Choline Chloride?

Choline Chloride has a wide range of applications, including supporting brain health, liver function, and cardiovascular health. It is also used in animal feed and as a food preservative. Researchers may utilize Choline Chloride in studies related to cognitive function, lipid metabolism, and neurological disorders, among other areas.

Choline Chloride: A quaternary ammonium salt that is an essiential nutrient and a precurso of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
It plays a role in lipid metabolism, cell membrane signaling, and other biological processes.
Choline Chloride is commonly used in dietary supplements and as a food additive.
Researching optimal protocols and products for Choline Chloride can be facilitated by PubCompare.ai's AI-powered solution, which helps identify the best approaches from literature, pre-prints, and patents through data-driven analysis and comparison.

Most cited protocols related to «Choline Chloride»

Optimal Brain Slice Preparation for Electrophysiology

Cited 10 times

P20–P40 mice were used for slice preparation unless otherwise specified. Mice were anesthetized with isofluorane and transcardialy perfused with ice-cold cutting solution containing 110 mM choline chloride, 25 mM NaHCO₃, 25 mM D-glucose, 11.6 mM sodium ascorbate, 7 mM MgCl₂, 3.1 mM sodium pyruvate, 2.5 mM KCl, 1.25 mM NaH₂PO₄ and 0.5 mM CaCl₂. The brain was then carefully removed and mounted in vibrating blade microtome (Leica VT1000S). 300-mm thick coronal slices of the cortex (varying regions of brain were sectioned, depending on where the electroporation resulted in expressing neurons; they were as a rule found in layer 2/3 of the cortical area obtained) were cut with a vibrating metal blade at 90 Hz and 0.1 mm/s cutting speed. Sectioned slices were incubated in 37 °C cutting solution for 30–45 minutes before transfer to room temperature oxygenated artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) for recording. ACSF contained 127 mM NaCl, 2.5 mM KCl, 25 mM NaHCO₃, 1.25 mM NaH₂PO₄, 12 mM D- glucose, 0.4 mM sodium ascorbate, 2 mM CaCl₂, and 1 mM MgCl₂. For spiking characterization (Fig. 5c–e), we used a Nikon CFI Apo 60x NIR objective (water immersion, NA=1); for synaptic characterizations (Fig. f–m), we used a Nikon CFI Super Plan Fluor ELWD 20xc objective (air, NA=0.45) in order to recruit as many synapses as possible to insure stringency of the zero crosstalk synaptic control. For slice experiments, electrical artifacts were apparent in the recorded traces as a result of LED on/off coupling to fluids flowing by the slice, since LED was in the Faraday cage; we include raw traces with artifacts interpolated in Fig. 5, and without artifact interpolation in Supplementary Fig. 22.

Klapoetke N.C., Murata Y., Kim S.S., Pulver S.R., Birdsey-Benson A., Cho Y.K., Morimoto T.K., Chuong A.S., Carpenter E.J., Tian Z., Wang J., Xie Y., Yan Z., Zhang Y., Chow B.Y., Surek B., Melkonian M., Jayaraman V., Constantine-Paton M., Wong G.K, & Boyden E.S. (2014). Independent Optical Excitation of Distinct Neural Populations. Nature methods, 11(3), 338-346.

Publication 2014

Bicarbonate, Sodium Brain Cerebrospinal Fluid Choline Chloride Cold Temperature Cortex, Cerebral Cross Reactions Electricity Electroporation Therapy Glucose Kidney Cortex Magnesium Chloride Metals Mice, Laboratory Microtomy Neurons Pyruvate Sodium Sodium Ascorbate Sodium Chloride Submersion Synapses

Maternal Ethanol Exposure and Choline Supplementation

Cited 10 times

Timed pregnant Sprague-Dawley dams were obtained from the Center for Behavioral Teratology, San Diego State University Animal Care facilities. Gestational day (GD) 0 was designated as the day when a seminal plug was detected. Dams were housed individually in plastic cages, exposed to a 12:12 hour cycle of light and dark in a temperature- and humidity-controlled room, and received food (LabDiet^® 5001, Richmond, IN, containing 2.25 g choline chloride/kg diet) and water ad libitum.
Pregnant dams were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: ethanol-exposed (EtOH), yoked pair-fed (PF), or ad libitum control (LC). Ethanol-exposed dams received 6.0 g/kg/day (28.5% v/v) ethanol, PF dams received an isocaloric maltose dextrin solution to control for the calories from alcohol, and LC dams received vehicle (saline), via daily oral gavage from GD 5–20. Daily food intake was measured for the EtOH dams; each PF dam was matched to an EtOH dam of similar weight and food intake was correspondingly yoked. Within each of the 3 treatment groups, dams were randomly assigned to receive either a choline supplementation (choline chloride, Blachem, New Hampton, NY; 250 mg/kg/day) or a vehicle control (saline, Sigma, Milwaukee, WI), added to the daily intubation formula. This administration increases daily choline intake by 2–3 times that of controls.
Animals were monitored until the expected day of delivery GD 22 (PD 0) and the day of birth was recorded. On PD 1, litters were culled to 10 pups (5 males and 5 females when possible). Data on litter characteristics and birth weights have been previously reported (Thomas et al., 2009 (link)). Blood alcohol levels over a 24-hour period were obtained from a separate group of pregnant rats on gestational days 5 and 20. Importantly, choline supplementation did not influence blood alcohol concentrations, which peaked at 345 mg/dL (Thomas et al., 2009 (link)), indicating that choline does not alter the amount of fetal alcohol exposure.

Thomas J.D., Idrus N.M., Monk B.R, & Dominguez H.D. (2010). Prenatal choline supplementation mitigates behavioral alterations associated with prenatal alcohol exposure in rats. Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology, 88(10), 827-837.

Publication 2010

Animals Birth Choline Choline Chloride Dextrin Diet Eating Ethanol Females Fetus Food Humidity Intubation Males Maltose Obstetric Delivery Patient Holding Stretchers Pregnancy Rattus norvegicus Saline Solution Tube Feeding

Cultivation of Streptococcus pneumoniae Strains

Cited 9 times

S. pneumoniae TIGR4 (serotype 4) and S. pneumoniae D39 (serotype 2; NCTC7466) and their isogenic mutants (see Table S1 in the supplemental material) were cultured to mid-log phase (OD₆₀₀, 0.35 to 0.4) in THY medium (Todd-Hewitt broth [Oxoid, Basingstoke, England] supplemented with 0.5% yeast extract [Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany]) or CDM or grown on Columbia blood agar plates (Oxoid) at 37°C in 5% CO₂. In this study, we established RPMI 1640 (PAA Laboratories) supplemented with 30.5 mM glucose, 0.65 mM uracil, 0.27 mM adenine, 1.1 mM glycine, 0.24 mM choline chloride, 1.7 mM NaH₂PO₄ · H₂O, 3.8 mM Na₂HPO₄, and 27 mM NaHCO₃ as CDM. The E. coli strains used in cloning procedures (see Table S1) were cultured on Luria-Bertani (LB) agar or in LB broth. Transformation of E. coli and pneumococci was conducted by standard protocols described recently (68 (link)). Pneumococcal mutants were cultured in the presence of the appropriate antibiotics, i.e., chloramphenicol (4 µg/ml), erythromycin (5 µg/ml), and/or kanamycin (150 µg/ml).

Schulz C., Gierok P., Petruschka L., Lalk M., Mäder U, & Hammerschmidt S. (2014). Regulation of the Arginine Deiminase System by ArgR2 Interferes with Arginine Metabolism and Fitness of Streptococcus pneumoniae. mBio, 5(6), e01858-14.

Publication 2014

Adenine Agar Antibiotics, Antitubercular Bicarbonate, Sodium Blood Chloramphenicol Choline Chloride Erythromycin Escherichia coli Glucose Glycine Kanamycin Strains Streptococcus pneumoniae Uracil Yeast, Dried

Choline Supplementation in Maternal High-Fat Diet

Cited 8 times

Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions

Open the protocol to access the free full text link

Publication 2017

Acclimatization Animals Choline Choline Bitartrate Choline Chloride Diet Dietary Fats Embryo Females Food Humidity lard Liquid Chromatography Males Mass Spectrometry Mice, House Mice, Inbred C57BL Pregnancy Rodent Therapy, Diet Vagina

Kinetic Characterization of Thrombin Binding

Cited 8 times

Prethrombin-2 and thrombin were expressed in E. coli and purified from inclusion bodies, essentially as described (14 (link), 15 (link)). Both proteins were expressed with the S195A substitution, which renders the protein catalytically inert while leaving its binding properties intact (16 (link), 17 (link)). Stopped-flow fluorescence measurements were conducted on an Applied Photophysics SX20 spectrometer using 1:1 mixing in a total volume of 60 µL. For Na⁺, K⁺, FPR and VPR the intrinsic fluorescence of thrombin was monitored with an excitation wavelength of 283 nm and a cutoff filter of 305 nm. The active site inhibitor p-aminobenzamidine (PABA) has a strong fluorescence signal at 380 nm when excited at 330 nm and shows extraordinary sensitivity to its binding environment in the active site of trypsin-like proteases (18 (link), 19 (link)), thus these experiments were conducted by exciting at 330 nm with a 375 nm cutoff filter, as described previously (19 (link)). Final thrombin concentrations were 50 nM (Na⁺ binding), 75 nM (VPR and FPR binding), 100 nM (K⁺ binding) and 1 µM (PABA binding). All thrombin binding experiments were conducted in the presence of 5 mM Tris, pH 8.0 at 15 °C, 0.1 % PEG8000, with ionic strength maintained constant at 400 mM with choline chloride. Prethrombin-2 (75 nM) used essentially the same buffer with pH 8.0 at the temperature of interest. Individual kinetic traces were determined by averaging a minimum of four traces each from three independent ligand titrations. Traces were fit to a single exponential equation, with the quality of the fit determined by evaluation of the residuals. The k_obs values, taken from the single exponential fits, were plotted against the ligand concentration [L] and these plots were used for all subsequent fitting to various kinetic schemes. Best-fit parameter values were derived by non-linear least squares with Mathematica.

Vogt A.D, & Di Cera E. (2012). Conformational selection or induced-fit? A critical appraisal of the kinetic mechanism. Biochemistry, 51(30), 5894-5902.

Publication 2012

4-aminobenzamidine Buffers Choline Chloride Escherichia coli Fluorescence Hypersensitivity Inclusion Bodies Kinetics KLK11 protein, human Ligands NM-283 polyethylene glycol 8000 prethrombin 2 Proteins Thrombin Titrimetry Tromethamine

Most recents protocols related to «Choline Chloride»

Multimodal Approach for Periodontal Health

Not available on PMC !

Example 10

- 6 months oral administration of 10 mg of bioavailable silicic acid per day in the form of choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid (ch-OSA®), wherein silicic acid is stabilized with choline chloride; preferably in the form of two dosage units, such as tablets
- Local application of an ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer fiber that contains tetracycline (12.7 mg per 9 inches) in the affected periodontal pocket for 10 days.
- mouth rinsing with chlorhexidine 1% solution twice daily during 4 weeks.

US11878031B2. Silicic acids for use in the treatment of periodontitis (2024-01-23). Bio Minerals N.V. [BE]. Inventors: Mario Remi Yvonne Calomme [BE], Kathleen Jozef Ingrid Suzanne Van Hoof [BE].

Full text: Click here

Patent 2024

Acids Administration, Oral Aggressive Periodontitis Chlorhexidine Choline Choline Chloride Dosage Forms ethylenevinylacetate copolymer Fibrosis Oral Cavity Periodontal Pocket Silicic acid Tetracycline

Silicic Acid and Micronutrients for Health

Not available on PMC !

Example 5

- Daily oral administration of 5 mg of bioavailable silicic acid in the form of choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid (ch-OSA®), wherein silicic acid is stabilized with choline chloride, for instance in the form of a capsule.
- Daily administration of a tablet containing 200 mg vitamin C, 150 microgram selenium, 10 mg zinc, 1 mg copper.

US11878031B2. Silicic acids for use in the treatment of periodontitis (2024-01-23). Bio Minerals N.V. [BE]. Inventors: Mario Remi Yvonne Calomme [BE], Kathleen Jozef Ingrid Suzanne Van Hoof [BE].

Full text: Click here

Patent 2024

Acids Administration, Oral Ascorbic Acid Capsule Choline Choline Chloride Copper Periodontitis Selenium Silicic acid Tablet Zinc

BioSil® Liquid Improves Peri-Implantitis Bone Loss

Not available on PMC !

Example 4

A female peri-implantitis patient, 66 years old and non-smoker, had severe bone loss at two implant sites (as shown in FIG. 4A). The patient took during one year 5 drops of BioSil® liquid twice daily. This formulation contains choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid (ch-OSA®), wherein silicic acid is stabilized with choline chloride. The formulation furthermore contains glycerol as a diluent. After one year the bone level was significantly increased at the implant site (see FIG. 4B).

A second peri-implantitis patient, 73 years and non-smoker, with severe bone loss at the implant sites and damaged gingiva (FIG. 5a) took during one year 5 drops of BioSil® liquid twice daily. After one year the bone level was also significantly increased at the implant site (FIG. 5b, after 6 months, FIG. 5c, after 12 months). FIG. 6 shows that the gingiva regained its normal appearance with good color indicating improved vascularization in the course of the 1 year treatment.

The following treatment examples can be used as an adjunct to good mouth hygiene, scaling and root planing:

US11878031B2. Silicic acids for use in the treatment of periodontitis (2024-01-23). Bio Minerals N.V. [BE]. Inventors: Mario Remi Yvonne Calomme [BE], Kathleen Jozef Ingrid Suzanne Van Hoof [BE].

Full text: Click here

Patent 2024

Acids Biosil Bones Choline Choline Chloride Gingiva Glycerin Non-Smokers Osteopenia Pathologic Neovascularization Patients Peri-Implantitis Periodontitis Silicic acid Woman

Periodontitis Adjunct Therapy Protocol

Not available on PMC !

Example 7

- Initial full mouth one-stage disinfection by rinsing for 2 minutes with a 0.12% chlorhexidine solution.
- 6 months oral administration of 10 mg of bioavailable silicic acid in the form of choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid (ch-OSA®), wherein silicic acid is stabilized with choline chloride, suitably in the form of two dosage units each containing 5 mg bioavailable silicic acid;
- Daily administration of two probiotic lozenges, each containing 2 viable strains of Lactobacillus reuteri (1 10⁸CFU), for instance DSM17938 and ATCC PTA5289, during 6 months.

It is herein preferable, that the administration of the bioavailable silicic acid and the administration of the probiotic lozenges start simultaneously. Alternatively, the administration of the bioavailable silicic acid may precede the administration of the probiotic lozenges during a preparatory period of for instance 3 days up to 14 days, for instance 1 week.

US11878031B2. Silicic acids for use in the treatment of periodontitis (2024-01-23). Bio Minerals N.V. [BE]. Inventors: Mario Remi Yvonne Calomme [BE], Kathleen Jozef Ingrid Suzanne Van Hoof [BE].

Full text: Click here

Patent 2024

Acids Administration, Oral Chlorhexidine Choline Choline Chloride Disinfection Dosage Forms Lactobacillus reuteri Periodontitis Probiotics Silicic acid Strains

Oral Silicic Acid, Antibiotics, and Chlorhexidine Periodontal Treatment

Not available on PMC !

Example 9

- 6 months oral administration of 10 mg of bioavailable silicic acid per day, in the form of choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid (ch-OSA®), wherein silicic acid is stabilized with choline chloride, for instance in the form of 2 dosage units
- combined oral administration of amoxicillin (250 mg three times daily) with metronidazole (250 mg three times daily) during 1 week and
- Subgingival placement of 2.5 mg chlorhexidine gluconate in a hydrolyzed gelatin matrix chip (PerioChip). The chip degrades within 7-10 days.

It is herein preferable, that the administration of the bioavailable silicic acid and the administration of the antibiotic start simultaneously and concur with the subgingival placement. However, alternative protocols are not excluded.

US11878031B2. Silicic acids for use in the treatment of periodontitis (2024-01-23). Bio Minerals N.V. [BE]. Inventors: Mario Remi Yvonne Calomme [BE], Kathleen Jozef Ingrid Suzanne Van Hoof [BE].

Full text: Click here

Patent 2024

Acids Administration, Oral Aggressive Periodontitis Amoxicillin Antibiotics chlorhexidine gluconate Choline Choline Chloride DNA Chips Dosage Forms Gelatins Metronidazole Silicic acid

Top products related to «Choline Chloride»

Choline chloride by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Finland, Bulgaria, Mexico

Choline chloride is a water-soluble organic compound that is a naturally occurring essential nutrient. It serves as a precursor to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and is involved in various metabolic processes. Choline chloride is commonly used as a dietary supplement and in the production of certain pharmaceutical and industrial products.

Vt1200 by Leica

Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, Japan, Australia, Canada, Israel, Switzerland

The VT1200S is a vibrating microtome designed for precision sectioning of biological samples. It features a high-precision feed system and a stable base for consistent, uniform sectioning.

Choline chloride by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, Belgium, Germany

Choline chloride is a water-soluble compound that is commonly used as a nutrient or dietary supplement. It is an essential nutrient that plays a role in various physiological processes, including cell membrane structure and function, lipid metabolism, and neurotransmitter synthesis. Choline chloride is often used in laboratory settings for research and analytical purposes.

Glycerol by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, France, India, Spain, Canada, Switzerland, China, Brazil, Australia, Japan, Ireland, Indonesia, Hungary, Malaysia, Sao Tome and Principe, Sweden, Singapore, Macao, Belgium, Mexico, Romania, Netherlands, Poland, Israel, Portugal, Colombia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Denmark

Glycerol is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid used in various laboratory applications. It is a basic chemical compound with the molecular formula C₃H₈O₃. Glycerol is commonly used as a solvent, humectant, and stabilizer in many laboratory procedures.

Urea by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, India, France, Sao Tome and Principe, China, Australia, Spain, Poland, Belgium, Switzerland, Canada, Mexico, Macao, Pakistan, Croatia, Finland, Czechia, Chile, Sweden

Urea is a chemical compound with the formula CO(NH2)2. It is a colorless, odorless, and crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. Urea's core function is to serve as a source of nitrogen and a key component in many biochemical processes.

Ethylene glycol by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, India, Spain, China, Sao Tome and Principe, Canada, Italy, Switzerland, France, Singapore, Poland, Sweden, Belgium, Ireland, Japan

Ethylene glycol is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is commonly used in various industrial applications. It serves as an important component in the manufacture of antifreeze, coolant, and de-icing solutions. Ethylene glycol is also utilized as a solvent and as a raw material in the production of polyester fibers and resins.

Gallic acid by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, Italy, Spain, France, India, China, Poland, Australia, United Kingdom, Sao Tome and Principe, Brazil, Chile, Ireland, Canada, Singapore, Switzerland, Malaysia, Portugal, Mexico, Hungary, New Zealand, Belgium, Czechia, Macao, Hong Kong, Sweden, Argentina, Cameroon, Japan, Slovakia, Serbia

Gallic acid is a naturally occurring organic compound that can be used as a laboratory reagent. It is a white to light tan crystalline solid with the chemical formula C6H2(OH)3COOH. Gallic acid is commonly used in various analytical and research applications.

Lactic acid by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, China, Poland, Sao Tome and Principe, Japan

Lactic acid is a chemical compound that is produced naturally in the body as a byproduct of anaerobic glycolysis. It can also be produced synthetically for industrial applications. Lactic acid is a colorless, odorless, and water-soluble organic acid.

Vt1000s vibratome by Leica

Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, France

The VT1000S vibratome is a precision instrument used for cutting thin sections of biological samples. It utilizes a vibrating blade to slice through samples with minimal damage, enabling high-quality sectioning for microscopy and analysis.

Choline chloride by Sinopharm

Sourced in China

Choline chloride is a water-soluble compound that serves as a precursor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. It is commonly used as a nutrient and dietary supplement in various applications.

What is Choline Chloride and what are its key functions?

What are the different forms or variations of Choline Chloride, and how do they differ?

Choline Chloride is available in multiple forms, including free-form choline chloride, choline bitartrate, and choline citrate. These variations can have slightly different bioavailability and absorption rates, which may impact their effectiveness for specific applications. It's important to consider the appropriate form of Choline Chloride for your research needs.

What are some common applications of Choline Chloride?

What are some common challenges or considerations when using Choline Chloride?

One of the key challenges with Choline Chloride is ensuring optimal dosing and bioavailability, as individual needs and absorption rates can vary. Additionally, Choline Chloride can interact with certain medications, so it's important to consult with a healthcare professional before using it, especially in a clinical setting. Researchers should also be aware of potential side effects, such as gastrointestinal discomfort, when using Choline Chloride in their studies.

How can PubCompare.ai help researchers optimize their use of Choline Chloride?

PubCompare.ai's AI-powered solution can help researchers optimize their use of Choline Chloride by allowing them to more efficiently screen protocol literature and leverage AI to pinpointt critical insights. The platform's data-driven analysis can help researchers identify the most effective protocols related to Choline Chloride for their specific research goals, enabling them to choose the best option for reproducibility and accuracy. This can be particularly helpful in ensuring the optimal use of Choline Chloride and improving the overall quality and effectiveness of Choline Chloride-related research.

More about "Choline Chloride"

Choline chloride, also known as VT1200S, is an essential nutrient and a precursor to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
It plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism, cell membrane signaling, and other vital biological processes.
Choline chloride is commonly used in dietary supplements and as a food additive.
Researching the optimal protocols and products for choline chloride can be facilitated by PubCompare.ai's AI-powered solution, which helps identify the best approaches from literature, pre-prints, and patents through data-driven analysis and comparison.
Choline chloride is closely related to other important compounds such as glycerol, urea, ethylene glycol, gallic acid, and lactic acid.
Understanding the interplay between these substances can provide valuable insights into the complex biochemical pathways and mechanisms involved in choline chloride's functions.
PubCompare.ai's AI-powered solution, like the VT1000S vibratome, can unlock the power of data-driven insights for your choline chloride research.
By leveraging the latest advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning, the platform can help you identify the optimal protocols and products, improve reproducibility, and ultimately enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of your research efforts.