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Citrates

Citrates are a class of organic compounds containing the carboxylate anion (C3H5O(COO)3^3−).
They play a vital role in the citric acid cycle, a key metabolic pathway involved in cellular energy production.
Citrates also have numerous industrial and commercial applications, such as in food preservation, pharmaceuticals, and cleaning products.
This MeSH term provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse functions and uses of citrates in scientific research and real-world applications.
Discover the power of PubCompare.ai to optimize your citrate reseach and elevate your scientific discovery.

Most cited protocols related to «Citrates»

Immunostaining for viral antigen detection

Cited 865 times

The streptavidin alkaline phosphatase method was adapted to detect the viral antigen using a polyclonal anti-ZIKV antibody produced at the Evandro Chagas Institute^{2 (link)}. The biotin-streptavidin peroxidase method was used for immunostaining of tissues with antibodies specific for each marker studied. First, the tissue samples were deparaffinized in xylene and hydrated in a decreasing ethanol series (90%, 80%, and 70%). Endogenous peroxidase was blocked by incubating the sections in 3% hydrogen peroxide for 45 min. Antigen retrieval was performed by incubation in citrate buffer, pH 6.0, or EDTA, pH 9.0, for 20 min at 90 °C. Nonspecific proteins were blocked by incubating the sections in 10% skim milk for 30 min. The histological sections were then incubated overnight with the primary antibodies diluted in 1% bovine serum albumin (Supplementary Table S1). After this period, the slides were immersed in 1 × PBS and incubated with the secondary biotinylated antibody (LSAB, DakoCytomation) in an oven for 30 min at 37 °C. The slides were again immersed in 1X PBS and incubated with streptavidin peroxidase (LSAB, DakoCytomation) for 30 min at 37 °C. The reactions were developed with 0.03% diaminobenzidine and 3% hydrogen peroxide as the chromogen solution. After this step, the slides were washed in distilled water and counterstained with Harris hematoxylin for 1 min. Finally, the sections were dehydrated in an increasing ethanol series and cleared in xylene.

Azevedo R.S., de Sousa J.R., Araujo M.T., Martins Filho A.J., de Alcantara B.N., Araujo F.M., Queiroz M.G., Cruz A.C., Vasconcelos B.H., Chiang J.O., Martins L.C., Casseb L.M., da Silva E.V., Carvalho V.L., Vasconcelos B.C., Rodrigues S.G., Oliveira C.S., Quaresma J.A, & Vasconcelos P.F. (2018). In situ immune response and mechanisms of cell damage in central nervous system of fatal cases microcephaly by Zika virus. Scientific Reports, 8, 1.

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Publication 2018

Alkaline Phosphatase Antibodies Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic Antigens Antigens, Viral azo rubin S Biotin Buffers Citrates Edetic Acid Ethanol Hematoxylin Immunoglobulins Milk, Cow's Peroxidase Peroxide, Hydrogen Peroxides Proteins Serum Albumin, Bovine Streptavidin Tissues Tritium Xylene Zika Virus

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Molecular Markers

Cited 40 times

Thirty-four patients had pre-treatment tissues available for this analysis. For immunohistochemistry, 5-μm tissue sections were prepared from each block. Tissue sections were deparaffinized, rehydrated and rinsed in distilled water. Antigen retrieval was done by using pressure cooker with 10 nM citrate buffer (pH 6.0) for 25 minutes. The endogenous peroxidase activity was then blocked by incubating the slides in 3% hydrogen peroxide in methanol for 10 min. The primary antibodies used in this study were STMN1 (1:50), pS6 (Ser235/236, 1:100), pMTOR (Ser2448, 1:50) and p-AKT (Ser473, clone D9E, 1:25) from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers MA). The primary antibodies were incubated at 4°C overnight and chromogen development was performed using the DAKO EnVision System (Glostrup, Denmark) except for p-AKT, which was detected using the OptiView DAB IHC Detection Kit (Ventana Medical Systems).
An intensity score of 0 to 3 was assigned for the intensity of tumour cells (0, none; 1, weak; 2, intermediate; 3, strong). A proportional score was given by the estimated proportion of positive tumour cells in percentage. To assess the average degree of staining within a tumour, multiple regions were analyzed, and at least 100 tumour cells were assessed. The cytoplasmic expression was assessed by H-score system [22 (link)]. The formula for the H-score is: Histoscore = ∑(I × Pi), where I = intensity of staining and Pi = percentage of stained tumour cells, producing a cytoplasmic score ranging from 0 to 300. The scoring was independently assessed by two assessors (AWHC and JHMT) who were not aware of the clinical outcomes.

Yeo W., Chan S.L., Mo F.K., Chu C.M., Hui J.W., Tong J.H., Chan A.W., Koh J., Hui E.P., Loong H., Lee K., Li L., Ma B., To K.F, & Yu S.C. (2015). Phase I/II study of temsirolimus for patients with unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)- a correlative study to explore potential biomarkers for response. BMC Cancer, 15, 395.

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Publication 2015

Antibodies Antigens azo rubin S Buffers Cells Citrates Clone Cells Cytoplasm Debility Immunohistochemistry Methanol Neoplasms Patients Peroxidase Peroxide, Hydrogen Pressure Tissues

Multimodal Analysis of Visual Cortex Circuitry

Cited 31 times

We performed two-photon imaging in the mouse visual cortex as described previously27 (link),30 (link) by recording calcium responses to visual stimuli consisting of drifting gratings in each of 16 directions. We then acquired an in vivo fluorescent anatomical volume after injecting the tail vein with SR101 (100 mM) to label vasculature. The animal was perfused transcardially (2% paraformaldehyde/2.5% glutaraldehyde) and the brain was processed for serial-section TEM. Serial thin (<50 nm) sections were cut, picked up on pioloform-coated slot grids, and then post-stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. 1,215 serial sections were imaged at 120 kV on a JEOL 1200 EX with a custom scintillator atop optical-quality leaded vacuum glass at the end of a custom-built vacuum chamber extension. Custom software controlled automated x–y stage motion and image acquisition with a 2x2 array of CCD cameras (Imperx IPX-11M5) and Zeiss lenses. Images suitable for circuit reconstruction were acquired at a net rate of 5–8 MPix/s. Camera images were aligned in 2–D by registering adjacent camera images and dewarping, followed by histogram equalization and stitching. Then adjacent sections were registered and 3-D deformations were equalized in aligning the EM volume. Axonal and dendritic arbours of the functionally characterized neurons were manually reconstructed using TrakEM2 and objects were classified using classical criteria33 . Neurons or dendritic fragments receiving synapses from multiple functionally characterized cells were included in analysis of convergence. For each synapse participating in a convergence, a second individual (blind to the original reconstruction) traced the pre- and the post-synaptic processes, starting from the synapse. Segmentation that diverged between the two tracers was excluded from further analysis. Cumulative synaptic proximity (CSP) of pairs of axons was calculated by centring a 3-D Gaussian density function at each synaptic bouton and taking the sum of their dot products over all pairs of synapses.

Bock D.D., Lee W.C., Kerlin A.M., Andermann M.L., Hood G., Wetzel A.W., Yurgenson S., Soucy E.R., Kim H.S, & Reid R.C. (2011). Network anatomy and in vivo physiology of visual cortical neurons. Nature, 471(7337), 177-182.

Publication 2011

Animals Axon Brain Calcium Cells Citrates Dendrites Glutaral Lens, Crystalline Mus Neurons paraform pioloform Presynaptic Terminals Reconstructive Surgical Procedures Synapses Tail uranyl acetate Vacuum Veins Vision Visual Cortex Visually Impaired Persons

Extracellular Protein and Enzyme Assays

Cited 29 times

Total extracellular protein contents in the culture supernatants were measured using a Bio-Rad DC protein assay kit (Bio-Rad) based on absorbance at 595 nm, with bovine serum albumin used as the standard. For protein gel electrophoresis, 30-µL aliquots of concentrated culture supernatants were subjected to sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on Novex NuPAGE pre-cast protein gels (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Endoglucanase activity in the culture supernatants was determined using an azo-cm-cellulose assay kit (Megazyme, Wicklow, Ireland) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Endo-1,4-β-xylanase activities were assayed with an azo-xylan kit (Megazyme) following the method specified by the manufacturer. FPA activities were assayed with Whatman No.1 filter paper as the substrate. The enzyme reactions were performed in 50 mM citrate buffer (pH 4.8) at 50 °C for 60 min, using the DNS method to quantify the released reducing sugar. Exoglucanase activity was assayed according to the method described by Zou et al. [60 (link)] and measured at 50 °C using 1.0 mg mL⁻¹p-nitrophenyl-β-D-cellobioside (Sigma-Aldrich) as the substrate in 50 mM citrate buffer (pH 4.8) containing 1 mg mL⁻¹d-glucono-1,5-σ-lactone. Each reaction mixture containing 250 µL of properly diluted enzyme and 250 µL of 1.0 mg mL⁻¹ substrate in 50 mM citrate buffer (pH 4.8) was incubated for 10 min at 50 °C, and the reaction was terminated by adding 500 µL of 1 M Na₂CO₃. Released p-nitrophenol (pNP) was measured at an absorbance of 420 nm. Inactive enzyme, which was boiled at 100 °C for 10 min, was used as a control. pNP was used for the standard curve. In the exoglucanase activity analyses, one unit (U) of enzymatic activity was defined as the amount of 1 μmol glucose or pNP released by 1 mL of enzyme from the substrate per minute under the standard assay conditions. All estimates were performed in three repeated assays. The statistical significance of differences among WT and mutant strains was assessed by one-way analysis of variance.

Liu Q., Gao R., Li J., Lin L., Zhao J., Sun W, & Tian C. (2017). Development of a genome-editing CRISPR/Cas9 system in thermophilic fungal Myceliophthora species and its application to hyper-cellulase production strain engineering. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 10, 1.

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Publication 2017

4-nitrophenol Biological Assay Buffers Carbohydrates CD3EAP protein, human Cellulase Cellulose Citrates Electrophoresis endometriosis protein-1 enzyme activity Enzymes Gels Glucose Lactones Nitrophenols Proteins SDS-PAGE Serum Albumin, Bovine Strains Xylans

Developing Diabetic Rat Model using STZ

Cited 29 times

60 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3
groups: control group (CON2), model
group 5 (DM5), and model group 6 (DM6); control group was fed with regular
chow, and other two groups were given high-fat diet for 4 weeks; two model
groups were
injected IP with a low dose of STZ (STZ was injected twice, DM5: 25 mg/kg; DM6: 30 mg/kg). After one
week, FBG was measured, the rats with FBG < 7.8 mmol/L were injected with STZ again (DM5: 25 mg/kg;
DM6: 30 mg/kg), while the control rats were given vehicle citrate buffer (pH
4.4) in a dose volume of 0.25 mL/kg, IP, respectively. The body weight and food
intake were recorded every week. After 8 weeks of STZ injection, all the rats
were fasted for 12 hours, FBG was carried out. The successful rate was calculated. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test
(IPGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were carried out in control and
highest successful rate model group.

Zhang M., Lv X.Y., Li J., Xu Z.G, & Chen L. (2009). The Characterization of High-Fat Diet and Multiple Low-Dose Streptozotocin Induced Type 2 Diabetes Rat Model. Experimental Diabetes Research, 2008, 704045.

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Publication 2008

Body Weight Buffers Citrates Diet, High-Fat Glucose Tolerance Test Immune Tolerance Insulin Rats, Wistar Rattus norvegicus

Most recents protocols related to «Citrates»

Antibody-Drug Conjugate Synthesis

Not available on PMC !

Example 8

The free cysteine on hu4D5Fabv8-(V110C) ThioFab was modified by the bis-maleimido reagent BM(PEO)3 (Pierce Chemical), leaving an unreacted maleimido group on the surface of the antibody. This was accomplished by dissolving BM(PEO)4 in a 50% ethanol/water mixture to a concentration of 10 mM and adding a tenfold molar excess of BM(PEO)3 to a solution containing hu4D5Fabv8-(V110C) ThioFab in phosphate buffered saline at a concentration of approximately 1.6 mg/ml (10 micromolar) and allowing it to react for 1 hour. Excess BM(PEO)3 was removed by gel filtration (HiTrap column, Pharmacia) in 30 mM citrate, pH 6 with 150 mM NaCl buffer. An approximate 10 fold molar excess DM1 dissolved in dimethyl acetamide (DMA) was added to the hu4D5Fabv8-(LC V110C) ThioFab-BMPEO intermediate. Dimethylformamide (DMF) may also be employed to dissolve the drug moiety reagent. The reaction mixture was allowed to react overnight before gel filtration or dialysis into PBS to remove unreacted drug. Gel filtration on 5200 columns in PBS was used to remove high molecular weight aggregates and furnish purified hu4D5Fabv8-(LC V110C) ThioFab-BMPEO-DM1.

By the same protocol, hu4D5Fabv8 (HC A121C) ThioFab-BMPEO-DM1 was prepared.

US11873330B2. Cysteine engineered antibodies and conjugates (2024-01-16). Genentech, Inc. [None]. Inventors: Sunil Bhakta [US], Jagath R. Junutula [US].

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Patent 2024

Buffers Citrates Cysteine Dialysis dimethylacetamide Dimethylformamide Ethanol Gel Chromatography Molar Pharmaceutical Preparations Phosphates Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell Saline Solution Sodium Chloride

Plasma Separation from Whole Blood

Not available on PMC !

Example 1

Whole blood were collected from volunteer donors must be performed by personal trained in phlebotomy/venipuncture using a double blood bag system (about 50 ml) (TerumoBCT, Japan) with anticoagulant (1 ml of Anticoagulant Citrate Dextrose (ACD) Solution Formula/per 10 ml of blood). After blood collection, gently mix the blood by inverting the tube several times to ensure thorough mixing with anticoagulant. For thorough mixing of blood collected into citrate tubes, it is recommended to invert the tube 3-4 times, while ACD tubes should be inverted eight times. Blood samples should be maintained at temperate conditions (20-24° C.) and centrifuged within 4 hours of blood collection. To separate the plasma, centrifuge the blood samples at 1200×g for 10 minutes at 22° C. If needed, RCF for a centrifuge can be calculated. After centrifugation, the plasma layer will be the upper layer of the separated blood and appear a clear, straw-yellow colored fluid.

US11872315B2. Method for blood plasma protein activity preservation (2024-01-16). None [TW]. Inventors: Cheng-Yao Su [TW], Chung Chin Sun [TW], Shan Shue Wang [TW].

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Patent 2024

Anticoagulants BLOOD Centrifugation Citrates Donors Glucose Hemic System isolation Phlebotomy Plasma Voluntary Workers

Thermal Unfolding Analysis by DSF

Not available on PMC !

Example 4

The midpoint of transition for the thermal unfolding of the tested constructs was determined by Differential Scanning Fluorimetry (DSF), essentially as described by Niesen (Niesen et al., Nat Protoc. 2 (2007) 2212-21). The DSF assay is performed in a qPCR machine (e.g. MX3005p, Agilent Technologies). The samples were diluted in buffer (citrate-phosphate pH 6.4, 0.25 M NaCl) containing a final concentration of 5×SYPRO orange in a total volume of 25 μL. Samples were measured in triplicates and a temperature ramp from 25-96° C. programmed. The fluorescence signal was acquired and the raw data was analyzed with the GraphPad Prism (GraphPad Software Inc.).

US11879005B2. Hetero-dimeric multi-specific antibody format (2024-01-23). Numab Therapeutics AG [CH]. Inventors: Sebastian Meyer [CH], David Urech [CH].

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Patent 2024

Biological Assay Buffers Citrates Fluorescence Fluorometry NAT2 protein, human Phosphates prisma Sodium Chloride

In Vitro Expression of Human OTC in HeLa Cells

Not available on PMC !

Example 14

To measure in vitro expression of human OTC in HeLa cells, those cells were seeded on 12-well plates (BD Biosciences, San Jose, USA) one day prior to transfection. mRNA formulations comprising human OTC or a GFP control was transfected using 800 ng mRNA and 2 μL Lipofectamin 2000 in 60 μL OPTI-MEM per well and incubated.

After 24 hours, the cells in each well were lysed using a consistent amount of lysis buffer. Appropriate controls were used, including citrate synthesase, a mitochondrial marker. Protein concentrations of each were determined using a BCA assay according to manufacturer's instructions. To analyze OTC expression, equal loads of each lysate (24 μg) were prepared in a loading buffer and subjected to standard Western blot analysis. For detection of OTC, a commercial anti-OTC antibody was used according to the manufacturer's instructions. The mRNA expressed OTC was compared to loaded recombinant human OTC protein (10, 5, and 2.5 ng).

FIG. 1A shows the expression level of human OTC (construct ahOTC; SEQ ID NO: 61) and the citrate synthesase mitochondrial protein control. FIG. 1B shows that the expressed human OTC (construct ahOTC; SEQ ID NO: 61) co-localizes with the mitotracker mitochondrial marker, and is therefore present in the mitochondria of cells.

US11859215B2. Polynucleotides encoding ornithine transcarbamylase for the treatment of urea cycle disorders (2024-01-02). ModernaTX, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Zhijian Zhuo [US], Andrea Lea Frassetto [US], Paolo G. V. Martini [US], Vladimir Presnyak [US], Patrick Finn [US].

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Patent 2024

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic Biological Assay Buffers Cells Citrates HeLa Cells Homo sapiens Mitochondria Mitochondrial Proteins OTC protein, human Proteins RNA, Messenger Transfection Western Blot

Ultrastructural Analysis of Asian Vine Snake Skin

All specimens used for sequencing and experimentation were collected from Yunnan Province, China. All vouchers are stored in the Herpetological Museum of the Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
For the TEM experiments, two fresh skin samples (1cm×1cm) per color morph from the Asian vine snake were collected. The samples were then cut into small pieces (1 mm³) in fixative. The tissue blocks were transferred to an Eppendorf tube with fresh TEM fixative for further fixation, then washed using 0.1 M PB (pH 7.4) three times (15 min each). The samples were dehydrated in an increasing ethanol series at room temperature, followed by two changes of acetone and transfer to resin for embedding. The resin blocks were cut to 60–80-nm slices on an ultra-microtome (Leica, UC7), and the ultra-thin sections were put onto the 150-mesh cuprum grids. The cuprum grids were then stained with 2% uranium acetate-saturated alcohol solution and 2.6% lead citrate, respectively. Finally, the cuprum grids were observed under a TEM (Hitachi, HT7800/HT7700) and imaged.

Tang C.Y., Zhang X., Xu X., Sun S., Peng C., Song M.H., Yan C., Sun H., Liu M., Xie L., Luo S.J, & Li J.T. (2023). Genetic mapping and molecular mechanism behind color variation in the Asian vine snake. Genome Biology, 24, 46.

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Publication 2023

Acetone Asian Persons Chinese Citrates Copper Ethanol Fixatives Microtomy Morphine Resins, Plant Skin Snakes Tissues uranyl acetate

Top products related to «Citrates»

Streptozotocin (stz) by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, China, Sao Tome and Principe, United Kingdom, India, Japan, Macao, Canada, France, Italy, Switzerland, Egypt, Poland, Hungary, Denmark, Indonesia, Singapore, Sweden, Belgium, Malaysia, Israel, Spain, Czechia

STZ is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is designed for use in scientific research and experiments. The core function of STZ is to serve as a tool for carrying out specific tasks or procedures in a laboratory setting. No further details or interpretation of its intended use are provided.

H 7650 by Hitachi

Sourced in Japan, United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, France

The Hitachi H-7650 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) designed for high-resolution imaging of materials. It provides a core function of nanoscale imaging and analysis of a wide range of samples.

Em uc7 by Leica

Sourced in Germany, Austria, United States, Japan, Switzerland, China, France

The Leica EM UC7 is an ultramicrotome designed for cutting ultrathin sections of samples for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. It features a precision-engineered cutting mechanism that allows for the preparation of high-quality ultrathin sections with thicknesses ranging from 15 to 500 nanometers.

Ht7700 by Hitachi

Sourced in Japan, United States, Germany, China, United Kingdom

The HT7700 is a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM) designed for materials analysis and characterization. It provides advanced imaging and analytical capabilities for a wide range of applications in materials science, nanotechnology, and life sciences. The core function of the HT7700 is to enable high-resolution, high-contrast imaging and elemental analysis of nanoscale structures and materials.

Em uc7 ultramicrotome by Leica

Sourced in Germany, United States, Austria, Japan, Switzerland, United Kingdom, China

The EM UC7 ultramicrotome is a precision instrument used for cutting ultra-thin sections of biological samples or materials for examination under an electron microscope. It is designed to produce consistent and uniform sections with thicknesses ranging from 50 to 500 nanometers.

Ultramicrotome by Leica

Sourced in Germany, United States, Austria, Japan, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Canada

The Ultramicrotome is a precision instrument designed for the preparation of ultrathin sections of materials for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. It employs a diamond knife to slice samples into extremely thin sections, typically less than 100 nanometers thick, enabling the detailed examination of the internal structure and composition of a wide range of materials.

Jem 1400 by JEOL

Sourced in Japan, United States, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Spain

The JEM-1400 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) produced by JEOL. It is designed to provide high-quality imaging and analysis of a wide range of materials at the nanoscale level. The JEM-1400 offers a maximum accelerating voltage of 120 kV and features advanced optics and detectors to enable detailed examination of samples.

Glutaraldehyde by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Switzerland, India, China, Sao Tome and Principe, France, Canada, Japan, Spain, Belgium, Poland, Ireland, Israel, Singapore, Macao, Brazil, Sweden, Czechia, Australia

Glutaraldehyde is a chemical compound used as a fixative and disinfectant in various laboratory applications. It serves as a cross-linking agent, primarily used to preserve biological samples for analysis.

Em uc6 ultramicrotome by Leica

Sourced in Germany, Austria, Japan, United States, Switzerland

The EM UC6 is an ultramicrotome manufactured by Leica Microsystems. It is a precision instrument used for cutting ultra-thin sections of biological or material samples for examination under an electron microscope.

Bovine serum albumin (bsa) by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Japan, France, Sao Tome and Principe, Canada, Macao, Spain, Switzerland, Australia, India, Israel, Belgium, Poland, Sweden, Denmark, Ireland, Hungary, Netherlands, Czechia, Brazil, Austria, Singapore, Portugal, Panama, Chile, Senegal, Morocco, Slovenia, New Zealand, Finland, Thailand, Uruguay, Argentina, Saudi Arabia, Romania, Greece, Mexico

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a common laboratory reagent derived from bovine blood plasma. It is a protein that serves as a stabilizer and blocking agent in various biochemical and immunological applications. BSA is widely used to maintain the activity and solubility of enzymes, proteins, and other biomolecules in experimental settings.

More about "Citrates"

Citrates: Unraveling the Secrets of Cellular Energy and Beyond Citrates, a class of organic compounds containing the carboxylate anion (C3H5O(COO)3^3−), play a vital role in the citric acid cycle, a key metabolic pathway involved in cellular energy production.
These versatile molecules have a diverse range of applications, from food preservation and pharmaceuticals to cleaning products.
Synonyms for citrates include tricarballylate, tricarballylic acid, and citric acid salts.
Related terms include the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle), tricarboxylic acids, and tricarboxylic acid anions.
The abbreviation for citrates is often 'cit.' Subtopics within the realm of citrates include their involvement in cellular respiration and ATP synthesis, their use as pH buffers and chelating agents, and their applications in the food industry (e.g., as preservatives, flavoring agents, and emulsifiers) and the pharmaceutical industry (e.g., as drug formulation excipients).
To expand on the related terms, STZ (streptozotocin) is a compound used to induce diabetes in animal models, while H-7650 is a specific citrate-based buffer solution.
EM UC7 and HT7700 are ultramicrotomes used for sample preparation in electron microscopy, and the EM UC6 ultramicrotome is another instrument in this category.
JEM-1400 is a transmission electron microscope, and glutaraldehyde is a common fixative used in electron microscopy.
Bovine serum albumin is a protein often used in biological experiments.
By understanding the diverse functions and applications of citrates, researchers can optimize their citrate-related studies and unlock new discoveries.
Harness the power of PubCompare.ai to elevate your citrate research and stay at the forefront of scientific innovation.
OtherTerms: tricarballylate, tricarballylic acid, citric acid salts, citric acid cycle, Krebs cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle, tricarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acid anions, cit, cellular respiration, ATP synthesis, pH buffers, chelating agents, food preservation, pharmaceuticals, electron microscopy, streptozotocin, H-7650, EM UC7, HT7700, EM UC6, JEM-1400, glutaraldehyde, bovine serum albumin