C57BL/6, RAG-1−/−, and AT1a−/− mice were obtained from Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories. The p47phox−/− mice and their appropriate controls were obtained from Taconic. All experimental protocols were approved by the institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Emory University. All mice were on a C57BL/6 background. 490 ng/min/kg angiotensin II was infused and blood pressure was measured both invasively and noninvasively, as previously described (69 (link)). Animals were maintained in a sterile environment and were regularly screened for infections. For adoptive transfer, mice were anesthetized with xylazine/ketamine and cells were injected via tail vein. Angiotensin II infusion and blood pressure monitoring was begun 3 wk after adoptive transfer. In some experiments, 8 mg/kg etanercept (AmGen) or a neutralizing IFNγ antibody (eBioscience; clone R4-6A2; 0.5 mg per injection per 30 g mouse) was administered i.p. 3 d before and every 3 d during angiotensin II infusion. In some mice, DOCA-salt hypertension was created as previously described, and studies were performed after 40 d from the induction of hypertension (14 (link)).
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Desoxycorticosterone Acetate
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate (DOCA) is a synthetic mineralocorticoid hormone that plays a key role in the regulation of sodium, potassium, and water balance in the body.
It is commonly used in research to study the effects of excess mineralocorticoid activity on the cardiovascular system, kidney function, and other physiological processes.
PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven protocol comparison tool, can help optimize your DOCA research by identifying the most reproducible and effective methods from the literature, preprints, and patents.
This cutting-edge platform uses advanced AI comparisons to improve your research outcomes and drive scientific discovery in this important area of study.
It is commonly used in research to study the effects of excess mineralocorticoid activity on the cardiovascular system, kidney function, and other physiological processes.
PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven protocol comparison tool, can help optimize your DOCA research by identifying the most reproducible and effective methods from the literature, preprints, and patents.
This cutting-edge platform uses advanced AI comparisons to improve your research outcomes and drive scientific discovery in this important area of study.
Most cited protocols related to «Desoxycorticosterone Acetate»
Adoptive Transfer
Angiotensin II
Animals
Antibodies, Neutralizing
Blood Pressure
Cells
Clone Cells
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate
Etanercept
High Blood Pressures
Infection
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees
Interferon Type II
Ketamine
Mus
NCF1 protein, human
Sterility, Reproductive
Tail
Veins
Xylazine
Aneurysm
Animals
Arteries
Blood Vessel
Body Weight
Brain
Cerebral Arteries
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate
Dietary Supplements
Forelimb
Gelatins
High Blood Pressures
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees
Intracranial Aneurysm
Males
Mus
Nephrectomy
Neurologic Examination
Neurologic Symptoms
Ovum Implantation
Pancreatic Elastase
Parent
Phosphates
Saline Solution
Sodium Chloride
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Tail
Torso
WT mice (C57BL/6J, male) and CXCR2 knockout mice (CXCR2-/-, B6.129S2(C)-Cxcr2tm1Mwm/J) were purchased from Jackson Laboratory (Sacramento, CA). Mice at 8 to 12 weeks of age were used in an angiotensin II-induced hypertension model by subcutaneous infusion of angiotensin II (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) at a dose of 490 ng/kg/min or saline using osmotic mini-pumps (Alzet MODEL 1007D; DURECT, Cupertino, CA) for 14/28 days as described previously.16 (link) Deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt-induced hypertension was also created as previously described.17 (link) The selective CXCR2 antagonist SB265610 (Axon, Groningen, The Netherlands) was administered intraperitoneally (2 mg/g/d) beginning 1 day before angiotensin II/DOCA infusion and continued during angiotensin II/DOCA-salt treatment. To determine whether SB265610 could reverse established hypertension, SB265610 treatment was initiated 2 weeks after either angiotensin II infusion (for 28 days) or DOCA-salt challenge (for 21 days). All investigations were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Dalian Medical University and conformed to the US National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.
Angiotensin II
Animals
Animals, Laboratory
Axon
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate
High Blood Pressures
Males
Mice, House
Mice, Knockout
Osmosis
Saline Solution
SB 265610
Subcutaneous Infusions
ADAM17 protein, human
AT protocol
Atropine
Baroreflex
Biological Assay
Blepharofacioskeletal Syndrome
Body Weight
Brain
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Chlorisondamine
Chronotropism, Cardiac
Consciousness
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate
Enzyme Assays
Ganglionic Blockers
Hypersensitivity
Immunoprecipitation
Injections, Intraperitoneal
Losartan
Mice, House
Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor
Nervous System, Autonomic
Operative Surgical Procedures
Peptides
Placebos
Plasma
Propranolol
Rate, Heart
RNA, Small Interfering
Silicones
Sodium Chloride
Telemetry
Western Blot
Angiotensin II
Animals
Animals, Transgenic
Aorta
Blood Pressure
Blood Vessel
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate
Endothelium
High Blood Pressures
Homo sapiens
Inhalation
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Mice, Laboratory
MitoTEMPO
Osmosis
Oxide, Nitric
Saline Solution
SOD2 protein, human
Tail
Telemetry
tempol
Vasodilation
Most recents protocols related to «Desoxycorticosterone Acetate»
Juvenile rainbow trout (15.47 g ± 0.88) were obtained from Pisciculture Rio Blanco (Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Valparaíso, Chile). Fish were held under a temperature of 14 ± 1 °C and photoperiod conditions of L/D 12:12. Juvenile fish were fed with Skretting pellets. Fish were sedated with benzocaine (25 mg/L) and intraperitoneally injected with metyrapone (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) (1 mg/kg of fish) for one hour and then divided into different groups. Fish in the first and second groups were treated with vehicle solution (DMSO, PBS 1x) and 11-deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOC, USBiological, Salem, MA, USA), respectively, at physiological concentrations (1 mg/kg). Fish in the third and fourth groups were treated with mifepristone (RU486, Sigma-Aldrich) (1 mg/kg) and mifepristone (1 mg/kg) plus DOC (1 mg/kg), respectively. Finally, fish in the fifth and sixth groups were treated with eplerenone (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) (1 mg/kg) and eplerenone (1 mg/kg) plus DOC (1 mg/kg), respectively. Three hours after treatment, all rainbow trout (n = 24, four fish per group) were euthanized with benzocaine (Veterquimica, RM, San Bernardo, Chile) (300 mg/L). Heparinized obtained blood was centrifugated at 5000× g for 10 min and the plasma was stored at −80 °C. Myotomal skeletal muscle was isolated from the epaxial area, frozen in liquid nitrogen for 6 h, and then stored at −80 °C.
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Aftercare
ARID1A protein, human
Benzocaine
BLOOD
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate
Eplerenone
FILIP1L protein, human
Fishes
Freezing
Metyrapone
Mifepristone
Myotomy
Nitrogen
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Pellets, Drug
physiology
Plasma
R-38486
Skeletal Muscles
Sulfoxide, Dimethyl
Eight-week-old male Prdm6fl/+ SM22-Cr mice and the WT littermates were anesthetized and placed on a heating pad to maintain their temperature at 37.0–38.0°C. The tip of the radiotelemetric device TA11PA-C10 (Data Sciences Int.) was implanted into the common carotid artery toward the heart attached to a SI TA11PA-C10 transmitter placed in a pouch underneath the skin along the mouse’s flank. Mice were fed an 8% salt diet. The rationale for use of a high-salt diet was its higher success rate in causing hypertension in heterozygous loss of function mice in prior studies and the fact that other models such as Deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) salt and angiotensin II (AngII) would have caused RAAS activation downstream from renin. The recordings of the heart rate and beat-by-beat arterial BP started 7 days after surgery for acclimation. Data were analyzed using the Dataquest ART version 2.1 (Data Sciences International).
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Acclimatization
Angiotensin II
Arteries
Common Carotid Artery
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate
Diet
Heart
High Blood Pressures
Loss of Heterozygosity
Males
Medical Devices
Mice, Laboratory
Rate, Heart
Renin
Skin
Sodium Chloride, Dietary
The synthetic routes of AS1411-containing ACSSD are shown in Figure 1 . Briefly, CSSD was synthesized by our previous report with some modifications.16 (link) DOCA (2.0 g) and EDC (2.93 g) were placed into a flask and dissolved in 80 mL ethanol. Cystamine dihydrochloride (2.3 g) in distilled water was slowly dropped into the above solution. After 24 h stirring, the reacted solution was concentrated on a rotary evaporator in vacuo. The resulting solution was deposited at −20 ℃ and rinsed with ice-cold water. Then, DOCA conjugated cystamine (DOCA-Cys) was produced by drying under vacuum conditions. Next, 1.0 g CSA was dissolved in 20 mL of distilled water. EDC (0.165 g) and DOCA-Cys (0.19 g) in 20 mL ethanol were slowly introduced into the CSA solution. After 24 h reaction, the mixture was transferred into dialysis bags for dialysis as stated above. Further, the solution was freeze-dried for 72 h and CSSD was obtained. In the third step, for AS1411 conjugation, the carboxyl units of CSSD were activated. CSSD (50 mg) was dispersed in 5 mL distilled water and 8 mL dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). EDC (10.9 mg) was added. AS1411 (30 OD, oligonucleotide sequence: 5′-NH2-GGTGGTGGTGGTTGTGGTGGTGGTGG-3′) was dissolved in the mixture of DMSO and distilled water and introduced into the above solution under stirring. After 24 h, the reaction solution was dialyzed against water and lyophilized.
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The chemical structures of copolymers were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy (Bruker Tensor II, Germany) and 1H NMR spectroscopy (Bruker DMX 500 spectrometer, Germany). The conjugation ratio of DOCA groups in the conjugate was studied by an elemental analyzer (Vario Micro Cube, Elementar, Germany). The critical micelle concentration (CMC) value of the copolymer was analyzed by using a pyrene fluorescence probe. The fluorescent spectra were measured by a Hitachi F-7000 spectrophotometer.
Synthetic scheme of ACSSD conjugate.
1H NMR
AS 1411
Cold Temperature
Cystamine
Cystamine Dihydrochloride
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate
Dialysis
Ethanol
Fluorescent Probes
Freezing
Ice
Micelles
Oligonucleotides
pyrene
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Spectrum Analysis
Sulfoxide, Dimethyl
Vacuum
Experiments were conducted using adult (12–16 weeks old) wildtype (WT) male C57Bl/6NJ mice purchased from Jackson Laboratory and housed in a humidity- and temperature-controlled facility following a 12-h light/dark cycle. Mice were fed standard mouse chow and water ad libitum. All animal studies were approved by the East Carolina University Animal Care and Use Committee (AUP #W254) and were performed per the National Institutes of Health Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Mice underwent a DOCA-salt hypertension paradigm as described previously [1 (link)]. Mice were briefly anesthetized with isoflurane (2%) and oxygen flow 1 L/min and placed on a heating pad to maintain body temperature. The mice underwent a uninephrectomy in which the right kidney was removed by making an incision to the skin in the retroperitoneal region. Mice were divided randomly into 4 groups (n = 12/group) and were then implanted subcutaneously with a DOCA-silicone sheet (DOCA group, DOCA:silicone = 1:3, DOCA 1 mg/g body weight) or an empty silicone sheet (Sham group). Pre- and post-operative care included buprenorphine injection to relieve pain (0.05 mg/kg, sc). The DOCA group were switched to 1% NaCl in drinking water and the sham group received autoclaved tap water. After the duration of the protocol, mice received heavy anesthesia using 5% isoflurane and were euthanized by decapitation. The brains were collected and stored at −80 °C until further use.
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Adult
Anesthesia
Animals
Animals, Laboratory
Body Temperature
Body Weight
Brain
Buprenorphine
Decapitation
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate
High Blood Pressures
Humidity
Isoflurane
Kidney
Males
Mice, House
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Oxygen
Pain
Postoperative Care
Retroperitoneal Space
Silicones
Skin
Sodium Chloride
Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were identified by dihydroethidium (DHE), which is relatively specific for the measurement of superoxide. DHE will exhibit a blue fluorescence until it is oxidized and interacts with the cell’s DNA to produce a bright fluorescent red staining of the nucleus. Freshly cut brains from DOCA and Sham mice were incubated with 10 μM DHE (Invitrogen) in a light protected humidified chamber at 37 °C for 15 min. Primary neurons that were cultured and treated in 12-well plates on poly-L-lysine glass coverslips were given 10 μM DHE and incubated in a light protected humidified chamber at 37 °C for 15 min. Fluorescent images of the DOCA/Sham brains and the primary neurons were obtained with a fluorescent microscope (Echo Revolve). Mean fluorescence intensity of the image was measured using ImageJ software (NIH) for quantification. To supplement this, production of ROS was also measured by spectrofluorometry using DHE probes. The neurons were cultured in 48-well plates and were briefly treated for their respective group. Following this, 10 μM DHE was added for 15 min. The plate was read via spectrofluorometer (Tecan Infinite m200) and fluorescence was detected at an excitation wavelength of 488 nm and emission wavelength of 610 nm. Data are expressed as total fluorescence (relative fluorescent units, RFU).
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Brain
Cells
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate
Dietary Supplements
dihydroethidium
ECHO protocol
Fluorescence
Light
Lysine
M-200
Mice, Laboratory
Microscopy
Neurons
Poly A
Reactive Oxygen Species
Red Nucleus
Spectrometry, Fluorescence
Superoxides
Top products related to «Desoxycorticosterone Acetate»
Sourced in United States
DOCA pellets are a laboratory product used for research purposes. They are composed of deoxycholic acid, a naturally occurring bile acid. DOCA pellets are used in various research applications, but their core function is to serve as a component in experimental procedures. No further details or interpretations about their intended use can be provided in an unbiased and factual manner.
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DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
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The Tail-cuff method is a non-invasive technique used to measure blood pressure in small laboratory animals, such as mice and rats. The method involves placing a cuff around the animal's tail and using an automated detection system to measure systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Germany, France, Japan, Switzerland, Netherlands, Canada
The ChemiDoc XRS is a compact and versatile imaging system designed for various life science applications. It captures high-quality digital images of gels, blots, and other samples illuminated by different light sources. The system features automated image acquisition and analysis capabilities to support a range of experimental workflows.
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N,N-dimethylformamide is a clear, colorless liquid organic compound with the chemical formula (CH3)2NC(O)H. It is a common laboratory solvent used in various chemical reactions and processes.
Clarity Western ECL substrate is a chemiluminescent substrate used for the detection of proteins in Western blot analysis. It provides a stable, high-intensity signal that can be detected using imaging systems.
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The TA11PA-C10 is a laboratory instrument designed for the measurement and analysis of small animal body temperature. It features a non-invasive temperature sensor and is capable of providing real-time temperature data.
Sourced in Japan, China
The BP-98A is a laboratory instrument designed for measuring blood pressure. It provides accurate readings of systolic and diastolic blood pressure values.
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Ang II is a peptide hormone that is involved in the regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. It is a key component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which plays a central role in the homeostatic control of blood pressure, fluid, and electrolyte balance. Ang II acts on specific receptors to exert its physiological effects.
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PVDF membranes are a type of laboratory equipment used for protein transfer and detection in Western blot analysis. They provide a stable and durable surface for the immobilization of proteins, enabling effective identification and quantification of target proteins in complex biological samples.
More about "Desoxycorticosterone Acetate"
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate (DOCA) is a synthetic mineralocorticoid hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating sodium, potassium, and water balance within the body.
This versatile compound is extensively utilized in research to study the effects of excessive mineralocorticoid activity on the cardiovascular system, kidney function, and other physiological processes.
To optimize your DOCA research, PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven protocol comparison tool, can be a valuable asset.
This cutting-edge platform employs advanced AI comparisons to help you identify the most reproducible and effective methods from the literature, preprints, and patents.
By leveraging this tool, you can improve your research outcomes and drive scientific discovery in this important area of study.
DOCA is often administered in the form of DOCA pellets, which can be implanted subcutaneously to induce a state of mineralocorticoid excess.
The tail-cuff method is a common technique used to monitor blood pressure changes in DOCA-treated animals.
Additionally, DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) is sometimes used as a solvent for DOCA in various experiments.
Key subtopics related to DOCA research include the use of ChemiDoc XRS for Western blot analysis, N,N-dimethylformamide as a solvent, Clarity Western Cl substrate for enhanced chemiluminescence, and various antibodies like TA11PA-C10 and BP-98A for detecting DOCA-related proteins.
The renin-angiotensin system, with Angiotensin II (Ang II) playing a significant role, is another important aspect to consider in DOCA-related studies.
PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride) membranes are often utilized for Western blotting in DOCA research, providing a reliable platform for protein detection and analysis.
By incorporating these relevant terms and techniques, you can optimize your DOCA research and unlock new insights into the complex mechanisms governing fluid and electrolyte homeostasis.
This versatile compound is extensively utilized in research to study the effects of excessive mineralocorticoid activity on the cardiovascular system, kidney function, and other physiological processes.
To optimize your DOCA research, PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven protocol comparison tool, can be a valuable asset.
This cutting-edge platform employs advanced AI comparisons to help you identify the most reproducible and effective methods from the literature, preprints, and patents.
By leveraging this tool, you can improve your research outcomes and drive scientific discovery in this important area of study.
DOCA is often administered in the form of DOCA pellets, which can be implanted subcutaneously to induce a state of mineralocorticoid excess.
The tail-cuff method is a common technique used to monitor blood pressure changes in DOCA-treated animals.
Additionally, DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) is sometimes used as a solvent for DOCA in various experiments.
Key subtopics related to DOCA research include the use of ChemiDoc XRS for Western blot analysis, N,N-dimethylformamide as a solvent, Clarity Western Cl substrate for enhanced chemiluminescence, and various antibodies like TA11PA-C10 and BP-98A for detecting DOCA-related proteins.
The renin-angiotensin system, with Angiotensin II (Ang II) playing a significant role, is another important aspect to consider in DOCA-related studies.
PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride) membranes are often utilized for Western blotting in DOCA research, providing a reliable platform for protein detection and analysis.
By incorporating these relevant terms and techniques, you can optimize your DOCA research and unlock new insights into the complex mechanisms governing fluid and electrolyte homeostasis.