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Diglycerides

Diglycerides are a class of lipids composed of two fatty acid molecules esterified to a glycerol backbone.
They play important roles in energy storage, cell membrane structure, and signaling pathways.
Researchers can use PubCompayre.ai's AI-powered platform to easily identify and compare diglyceride research protocols from published literature, preprints, and patents.
This can help improve the reproducibility and accuracy of diglyceride studies, supporting advancements in lipid biochemistry and related fields.

Most cited protocols related to «Diglycerides»

Demonstration of high-resolution precursor ion metabolomics data analysis utilized a previously published study of the lipidomic response of BT474 breast cancer cells to a fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibitor, specifically examining the diacylglycerols.30 (link) Briefly, lipids were extracted from BT474 cell pellets using MeOH/MTBE then analyzed using a reversed-phase nontargeted lipidomics method, including Acquity UPLC with a CSH C18 2.1 x 10 mm column coupled to a Synapt G2 HDMS mass spectrometer (Waters Corporation). Initial data analysis of this nontargeted lipidomics dataset was performed in Progenesis QI (Waters Corporation). Skyline 4.2 was utilized to confirm differential expression for two diacylglycerol (DAG) species, DAG 30:0 and DAG 32:0. Lockmass correction was enabled and performed within Skyline using Leucine-Enkephalin, [M+H]+ at m/z 556.2771. The Skyline document has been uploaded to Panorama Public at https://panoramaweb.org/SkylineForSmallMolecules.url.
Publication 2020
Cells Diacylglycerol Diglycerides Enkephalin, Leucine FASN protein, human Lipids Malignant Neoplasm of Breast methyl tert-butyl ether Pellets, Drug
It was our objective to unravel and to validate laboratory biomarkers significantly associated with disease phenotypes and risks. An extensive panel of laboratory tests covering 83 analytes and biomarkers (clinical chemistry, hematology, immunology, endocrinology and metabolism) was performed on fresh biospecimen directly on the day of sample collection in a highly standardized manner (Table 4). It is a major goal to investigate and to identify novel genetic modifiers of phenotypes and disease risk. To this end, we aimed to genotype all participants using the Affymetrix AXIOM-CEU genome-wide SNP array, addressing a total of 587,352 variants. Genotyping was accompanied by genome-wide gene expression analyses for the whole blood, which was collected in Tempus Blood RNA Tubes (Life Technologies) and transferred to -80 °C prior to further processing. Isolated RNA was processed and hybridised to Illumina HT-12 v4 Expression BeadChips (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) and scanned on the Illumina HiScan. We investigated the association of metabolic biomarkers (quantitiative tandem mass spectrometry: amino acidy, fatty acid oxidation, steroids, sterols, eicosanoids, phospholipids, tri- and diacylglycerols, apolipoproteins and others) with major disease phenotypes, the genome and other biomarkers. For the whole blood analysis of 26 amino acids, free carnitine and 34 acylcarnitines, 40 μl of native EDTA whole blood were spotted on filter paper WS 903 (GE Healthcare, Germany). Dried blood spots were stored at -80 °C after 3 h of drying until batch analysis. Sample pretreatment and measurement are described in detail elsewhere [74 (link), 75 (link)]. Analyses were performed on an API 2000 and API 4000 tandem mass spectrometer (Applied Biosystems, Germany). Quantification was performed using ChemoView™ 1.4.2 software (Applied Biosystems, Germany).
In a subcohort of over 900 participants comprising all age groups, a detailed leukocyte subtype phenotyping with an extensive antibody panel was performed from EDTA whole blood samples using 10 colour flow cytometry (Navios flow cytometer, Beckman Coulter, Pasadena, CA, USA) [76 (link), 77 ].
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Publication 2015
acylcarnitine Age Groups Amino Acids Apolipoproteins Biological Markers BLOOD Carnitine Diglycerides Edetic Acid Eicosanoids Exanthema Fatty Acids Flow Cytometry Gene Expression Profiling Genes, Modifier Genome Hematologic Tests Immunoglobulins Leukocytes Metabolism Phospholipids Radionuclide Imaging Specimen Collection Steroids Sterols System, Endocrine Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Lipid classes are: PE, phosphatidylethanolamines; LPE; lyso-phosphatidylethanolamines; PE-O, 1-alkyl-2-acylglycerophosphoethanolamines; PS, phosphatidylserines; PC, phosphatidylcholines; PC-O, 1-alkyl-2-acylglycerophosphocholines; LPC, lysophosphatidylcholines; SM, sphingomyelins; PA, phosphatidic acids; PG, phosphatidylglycerols; PI, phosphatidylinositols; DAG, diacylglycerols; TAG, triacylglycerols; CL, cardiolipins; LCL, triacyl-lysocardiolipins; Cer, ceramides; Chol, cholesterol; CholEst, cholesterol esters.
Individual molecular species are annotated as follows: :/:. For example, PC 18:0/18:1 stands for a phosphatidylcholine comprising the moieties stearic (18:0) and oleic (18:1) fatty acids. If the exact composition of fatty acid or fatty alcohol moieties is not known, the species are annotated as: :. In this way, PC 36:1 stands for a PC species having 36 carbon atoms and one double bond in both fatty acid moieties.
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Publication 2011
Carbon Cardiolipins Ceramides Cholesterol Cholesterol Esters Diglycerides Fatty Acids Fatty Alcohols Lipids Lysophosphatidylcholines Phosphatidic Acids Phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylethanolamines Phosphatidylglycerols Phosphatidylinositols Phosphatidylserines Sphingomyelins Triglycerides

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Publication 2017
Cardiolipins Cell Extracts Ceramides Diglycerides Head Ions Isotopes Lipid A Lipids Liver Extracts Lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylethanolamine Lysophospholipids Mass Spectrometry Microtubule-Associated Proteins Phosphatidylcholines phosphatidylethanolamine Phosphatidylglycerols Phosphatidylinositols Phosphatidylserines Phospholipids Retention (Psychology) Sphingolipids Sphingomyelins Tandem Mass Spectrometry Triglycerides
The basic fragment rules are based on published results8 ,21 (link). They were adapted and extended by visual inspection of spectra from control experiment 1 and biological data. We determined detectable fragments, identified mandatory fragments, derived intensity rules, and extracted decisive differences for many isobaric/isomeric subclasses/adducts. Further, we determined intensity relationships characteristic for sn-position assignment. Finally, we found novel fragment ion relationships, such as the relative intensity of the sodiated form of a carboxylated chain fragment that allowed for differentiation between 1,2- and 1,3-diacylglycerols at optimal collision energies, and demonstrated the software’s capability to distinguish regio-isomers under certain chromatographic conditions (Supplementary Fig. 4 and Supplementary Table 14).
We defined more than 1,000 decision rule sets for lipid subclasses/adducts for various MS platforms and experimental conditions. These decision rule sets cover the major lipid subclasses and mass spectrometers commonly used today and will serve as a point of entry for investigators unfamiliar with lipid data analysis. The direct visual feedback particularly provides an easy introduction to fragmentation patterns of lipids. Importantly, decision rule sets developed are provided along with software for the algorithm, which can be downloaded from http://genome.tugraz.at/lda2. In addition, raw data, results of detailed analysis, comments about information content that can be derived from the various adduct ions, and suggestions about optimal collision energies for subclasses/adducts are available.
Publication 2017
Biopharmaceuticals Chromatography Diglycerides Genome Ions Isomerism Lipids Visual Feedback

Most recents protocols related to «Diglycerides»

The analysis of lipids was performed by direct flow injection analysis (FIA) using a high-resolution Fourier Transform (FT) hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer (FIA-FTMS) [53 (link)]. TG, diglycerides (DG) and cholesteryl esters (CE) were recorded in positive ion mode as [M + NH4]+ in m/z range 500–1000 and a target resolution of 140,000 (at m/z 200). CE species were corrected for their species-specific response [54 (link)]. Ceramides (Cer), phosphatidylcholines (PC), ether PC (PC O), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), ether PE (PE O), phosphatidylglycerols (PG), phosphatidylinositols (PI), and sphingomyelins (SM) were analyzed in negative ion mode in m/z range 520–960; lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) in m/z range 400–650. Multiplexed acquisition (MSX) was applied for free cholesterol (FC) and the internal standard FC[D7] [54 (link)]. Lipid annotation is based on the latest update of the shorthand notation [55 (link)].
The datasets from liver and plasma lipidomes were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) using the MetaboAnalystR 3.2 package for R version 4.2.1. For the PCA, the relative metabolite composition of individual lipid species within the different lipid classes were used. Prior to the PCA, variables with missing values were either excluded from the analyzes if more than 50% of the samples were missing or the missing values were replaced by the limit of detection (1/5 of the minimum positive value of each variable). After normalization by log transformation and autoscaling the remaining values were used for the PCA.
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Publication 2023
Ceramides Cholesterol Cholesterol Esters Diglycerides Ethyl Ether Flow Injection Analysis Hybrids Lipidome Lipids Liver Lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylethanolamine M-200 Phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylethanolamines Phosphatidylglycerols Phosphatidylinositols Plasma Sphingomyelins

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Publication 2023
Chromatography Diglycerides Endocannabinoids ethanolamine oleoyl ethanolamine Fatty Acids Glycerin Isomerism Oxylipins prisma Sphingolipids Triglycerides Tryptophan vaccenic acid
For targeted lipidomics, a semi-quantitative approach was used. Lipids were extracted from 100 µL serum samples using simple protein precipitation in pre-chilled isopropanol (IPA) at 4 °C. The samples were mixed with lipid internal standard, after which 500 µL of pre-chilled IPA was added, vortexed for 1 min, placed at −20 °C for 10 min, and vortexed again for 10 min. After 2 h at 4 °C, the mixture was centrifuged at 10,300× g for 10 min at 4 °C, and the supernatant was removed. All analyses were performed in electron spray ionization (ESI) mode using a Waters iclass-Xevo TQ-S ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry system (Waters, Milford, MA, USA). The dwell time for each lipid species was 3 ms. The source nitrogen temperature was 120 °C, and the flow rate was 150 L/h. The desolvation gas temperature was 500 °C, and the flow rate was 1000 L/h. The capillary voltage was 2.8 kV in the positive mode and 1.9 kV in the negative mode. The autosampler operated at 4 °C and the column chamber at 45 °C during the analysis.
Lipid species were separated using a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH Amide column (1.7 μm, 2.1 × 100 mm). Solvent A was 95% acetonitrile containing 10 mM ammonium acetate, and solvent B was 50% acetonitrile containing 10 mM ammonium acetate. The mobile-phase gradient was 0.1–20% B for 2 min, followed by 20–80% B for 3 min and 3 min re-equilibration, with a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. Mass spectrometry multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) was established for the identification and quantitative analysis of various lipids. Individual lipids were quantitated relative to their respective internal standards, including d7-phosphatidylcholine (15:0/18:1), d7-phosphatidylethanolamine (15:0/18:1), d7-phosphatidylglycerol (15:0/18:1), d7-phosphatidylinositol (15:0/18:1), d7-lysophosphatidylcholines (15:0/18:1), d7-lysophosphatidylethanolamine (15:0/18:1), d7-diacylglycerols (15:0/18:1), d7- triacylglycerols (15:0/18:1), d9-sphingomyelin (18:1), d7-cholesteryl esters (18:1), and d7-monoacylglycerols (18:1) obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids, and d7-phosphatidic acids (15:0/18:1) from Sigma-Aldrich.
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Publication 2023
acetonitrile Amides ammonium acetate Capillaries Cholesterol Esters Diglycerides Electrons High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Isopropyl Alcohol Lipids Lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylethanolamine Mass Spectrometry Monoglycerides Nitrogen Phosphatidic Acids Phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylethanolamines Phosphatidylglycerols Phosphatidylinositols Proteins Serum Solvents Sphingomyelins Tandem Mass Spectrometry Triglycerides
Propofol (purity 99.9%) was obtained from Incepta Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Dhaka, Bangladesh). Zanthoxylum rhetsa seed oil (ZRO) was collected by a steam distillation process from naturally obtained seeds (no organic solvent was used). Medium-chain triglycerides (carbon chain length 8–12), Miglyol 810 (M810), and corn oil (CO) were purchased from Sasol Germany GmbH (Werk, Witten, Germany). Capmul MCM (C10) mono/diglycerides of capric acid were purchased from Abitec Corp. Janesville, USA. Maisine 35–1 (long-chain monoglycerides) was obtained from Gattefosse SAS, (Saint-Priest, France). Kolliphor ELP and Kolliphor HS15 were purchased from BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany. Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate) was obtained from Sigma Aldrich, USA. HPLC-grade acetonitrile, methanol, formic acid, and phosphoric acid were obtained from BDH Chemicals Ltd., Poole, UK. Milli-Q water was obtained through a Milli-Q Integral Water Purification System (Millipore, Bedford, MA). All other reagents were of analytical grade and used without further purification.
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Publication 2023
acetonitrile Capmul MCM Carbon Corn oil decanoic acid Diglycerides Distillation formic acid High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Methanol miglyol 810 Monoglycerides Pharmaceutical Preparations Phosphoric Acids Plant Embryos Polyethylene Glycols Propofol Solvents sorbitan monooleate Steam Triglycerides Tween 80 Zanthoxylum
Samples were analysed using an Agilent UHPLC 1290 Infinity Series coupled to an Agilent qTOF/MS 6550 Series (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The chromatographic separation consists of an elution with a ternary mobile phase containing water with 10 mM ammonium formate and 0.1% formic acid (solvent A), methanol (solvent B), and 2-propanol (solvent C). The stationary phase was a C18 column (Kinetex EVO C18 Column, 2.6 µm, 2.1 mm × 100 mm) that allows the sequential elution of the more hydrophobic lipids such as lysophospholipids, sphingomyelins, phospholipids, diglycerides, triglycerides, and cholesteryl esters, among others. The flow rate was 0.6 mL/min, the injection volume was 2 µL, and the column temperature was set to 60 °C. The gradient employed was 0–0.5 min, 55–45% A + 10% B; 0.5–1.5 min, 45–42.8% A + 10–9.5% B; 1.5–1.6 min, 42.8–34% A + 9.5–7.5% B; 1.6–5 min, 34–31.8% A + 7.5–7% B; 5–5.1 min, 31.8–18.6% A + 7–4% B; 5.1–7.5 min, 18.6–16.4% A + 4–3.5% B; 7.5–9 min, 16.4% A + 3.5% B; 9–9.5 min, 16.4–0% A + 3.5–0% B; 9.5–11.5 min, 0% A + 0% B; 11.5–11.6 min, 0–45% A + 0–10% B; and 24.75–29.25, 55–45% A + 10% B. The qTOF operated in positive electrospray ionisation mode (ESI+), and mass spectra were recorded between m/z 300–1700 at 3 spectra/s. The source conditions were 35 psi for nebuliser gas, 225 °C for gas temperature, 11 L/min for gas flow, 300 °C for sheath gas temperature, 12 L/min for sheath gas flow, 3500 V for capillary voltage, and 500 V for nozzle voltage.
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Publication 2023
Capillaries Cholesterol Esters Chromatography Diglycerides formic acid formic acid, ammonium salt Isopropyl Alcohol Lipids Lysophospholipids Mass Spectrometry Methanol Nebulizers Phospholipids Solvents Sphingomyelins Triglycerides Z 300

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Cremophor RH40 is a non-ionic solubilizer and emulsifier. It is a polyoxethylene hydrogenated castor oil. Cremophor RH40 is used to solubilize and emulsify various ingredients in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and industrial applications.
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Kolliphor HS 15 is a non-ionic surfactant used in various laboratory applications. It is a polyethylene glycol-based compound that can be utilized as an emulsifier, solubilizer, or wetting agent in formulations. The core function of Kolliphor HS 15 is to facilitate the dispersion and solubilization of hydrophobic substances in aqueous media.
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Curcumin (CUR) is a natural compound extracted from the rhizome of the turmeric plant. It is a yellow-orange crystalline powder used as a laboratory standard and chemical reagent. Curcumin is a widely studied compound due to its various reported biological properties, but this description focuses solely on its core function as a chemical.
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Sphinganine is a long-chain amino alcohol that is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of sphingolipids. It serves as a core structural component for various sphingolipid molecules.
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More about "Diglycerides"

Diglycerides, also known as diacylglycerols, are a class of lipids composed of two fatty acid molecules esterified to a glycerol backbone.
These versatile compounds play crucial roles in energy storage, cell membrane structure, and signaling pathways, making them a topic of great interest in lipid biochemistry and related fields.
Researchers can utilize PubCompare.ai's innovative AI-powered platform to easily identify and compare diglyceride research protocols from published literature, preprints, and patents.
This powerful tool helps improve the reproducibility and accuracy of diglyceride studies by providing researchers with the ability to locate and analyze a wide range of protocols and products, including those related to the Milli-Q Integral Water Purification System, Cremophor RH40, Milli-Q water, Kolliphor HS 15, Curcumin (CUR), SP-2380, Kollisolv MCT 70, Methanol, and Sphinganine.
By leveraging the insights gained from the MeSH term description, researchers can better understand the significance of diglycerides and the importance of using high-quality, reproducible research methods.
The Metadescription further highlights the capabilities of PubCompare.ai's platform in optimizing diglyceride research protocols, supporting advancements in this dynamic field of study.
Whether you're investigating the role of diglycerides in energy storage, cell membrane structure, or signaling pathways, PubCompare.ai's AI-powered tools can help you streamline your research, enhance reproducibility, and drive progress in lipid biochemistry and related disciplines.
Discover the power of PubCompare.ai and unlock new insights into the fascinating world of diglycerides.