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Dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol

Dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol is a synthetically produced glycerophospholipid with two myristoyl (tetradecanoyl) fatty acid chains.
It is commonly used as a model lipid system for studying biological membrane properties and interactions.
This amphiphilic molecule has applications in areas such as drug delivery, biophysical research, and membrane protein studies.
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Most cited protocols related to «Dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol»

Liposomes were prepared using dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG), cholesterol and DNP‐cap‐PE, purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). Lipid films were composed of DMPC–DMPG–cholesterol–DNP‐cap‐PE (45 : 5 : 49 : 1 mol%). Components were dissolved in chloroform–methanol (9 : 1 v/v) before drying under nitrogen gas and desiccation overnight. Films were rehydrated at 37°C for 30 min with a self‐quenching concentration of sulforhodamine B (20 mM; S1402 from Sigma Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) in PBS to a final lipid concentration of 0·8 mg/ml. The sulforhododamine B‐liposome mixture was sonicated for 5 min at 37°C in a water bath. Purification of liposomes was performed through size‐exclusion chromatography using a prepacked NAP‐25 column (17‐0852‐01; GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, UK).
To analyze complement activity via membrane attack pore membrane attack complex (MAC)‐mediated dye leakage, purified liposomes were diluted ×10 in PBS and mixed with NHS (10% v/v final concentration) from Complement Technologies (Tyler, TX, USA). Sulforhodamine B fluorescence was measured with an excitation wavelength of 565 nm and emission wavelength of 585 nm using a CLARIOstar microplate reader (BMG Labtech, Offenburg, Germany). Fluorescence was measured at 21°C for 100 s before different antibodies (IgG1‐DNP and IgG1‐DNP‐RGY, both non‐modified and carbamylated) were added to final concentrations of 4·35 μg/ml/ml before assaying for a further 10 min. Total lysis was performed by adding 70% ethanol after assay. Experiments were performed in triplicate.
Publication 2020
Alabaster Antibodies Bath Biological Assay Chloroform Cholesterol Complement Membrane Attack Complex Desiccation Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol Ethanol Fluorescence Gel Chromatography IgG1 Lipid A Lipids Liposomes lissamine rhodamine B Methanol Nitrogen
DMPC (Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine) and DMPG (Dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol) were purchased from Avanti (Avanti Polar Lipids, AL, USA). Peptides are identified by their publication names, by their UniProtKB or genebank (gb|) accession number followed by the indication of the first and last aminoacid residues in brackets. Penetratin, B4FGE3(22–37), A3KLW0(117–136), Q7YRI0(9–28) were purchased from ImmunoKontact (AMS Biotechnology, UK); gb|ACU24018.1|(73–101), gb|AAD22970.1|(120–148) and Q9XEY7(120–148) were purchased from JPT Peptide Technologies GmbH, Germany. The IAPs Q8KG25(327–351), P94692(929–955), P61458(35–60), B0CZJ3(104–130), A4HW34(187–217), Q8RW88(70–95), Q6TV81(25–52), O43312(33–62), A5LDU0(184–211), P83637(1–12) as well as DS 01 (P83637), DS 01(1–12), Nattererin-1 (P86913), Syphaxin (P85279), Phes (HQ012497) HSP-4 (JF916646), Pseudin B (P86915), PS-2 (P84567), Magainin-2 amide (P11006), Hyposin HA-6 (P86921) were synthesized in-house by solid-phase chemistry. Peptides were purified, mass analyzed using an Ultraflex III (Bruker Daltonics, Germany) and quantified by their corresponding molar absorptivities or by the method of Wadell [47] (link).
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Publication 2012
Amides Amino Acids Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol Intracisternal A-Particle Elements Lipids Magainins Molar penetratin Peptides Phenylalanine
Total lipid extracts were analyzed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) Ultimate 3000 Dionex (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen, Germany) with an autosampler coupled online to a Q-Exactive hybrid quadrupole mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher, Scientific, Bremen, Germany). The solvent system and instrumental settings were set as described previously [28 (link)]. To perform the HILIC-LC-MS analyses, 10 µg of total lipid extract, 2 µL of phospholipid standards mix (0.01 µg dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (dMPC), 0.01 µg dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (dMPE), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) 0.01 µg, 0.04 µg dipalmitoylphosphatidylinositol (dPPI), 0.006 µg dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (dMPG), 0.02 µg dimyristoylphosphatidylserine (dMPS), 0.04 µg tetramyristoylcardiolipin (tMCL), 0.01 µg sphingomyelin (SM(17:0/d18:1)), 0.04 µg dimyristoylphosphatidic acid (dMPA)) and 88 µL of eluent (40% of mobile phase A and 60% of mobile phase B) were mixed and injected into the Ascentis Si column HPLC Pore column (15 cm × 1 mm, 3 µm, Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, USA), with a flow rate of 40 µL minutes−1 at 30 °C. Acquisition in the Orbitrap® mass spectrometer was performed in both positive (electrospray voltage 3.0 kV, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, USA) and negative (electrospray voltage −2.7 kV) modes. For lipidomic analysis, phospholipid peak integration and assignments were performed using MZmine version 2.32 (Boston, USA) [29 (link)]. For all assignments, ions within 5 ppm of the lipid exact mass were considered. Analysis of the MS/MS spectra acquired in the positive ion mode was performed to confirm the identity of the molecular species belonging to the MGMG, DGMG, MGDG, DGDG, DGTS, PC and LPC classes. The MS/MS spectra acquired in the negative ion mode were used to confirm the identity of SQDG, SQMG, LPE, PE, LPG, PG, LPI, PI, lysophosphatidic acids (LPA) and phosphatidic acids (PA). Negative ion mode MS/MS data were used to identify the fatty acid carboxylate anion fragments RCOO, which allowed the assignment of the fatty acyl chains esterified to the PL precursor. All the ions detected and MS/MS fragmentation patterns characteristic of the lipid classes detected and analyzed in the present study, acquired both in positive and negative ion modes, are available online as Supplementary Information (Supplementary Table S1 and Supplementary Figure S1). Normalization of the data was performed by dividing the peak areas of the extracted ion chromatograms (XICs) of the polar lipid precursors of each class (listed in Supplementary Table S1) by the peak area of the internal standard selected for the class.
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Publication 2020
Anions dimyristoylphosphatidic acid Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol dimyristoylphosphatidylserine Fatty Acids High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Hybrids Hydrophilic Interactions Lipids Liquid Chromatography Lysophosphatidylcholines Lysophospholipids Phosphatidic Acids Phospholipids Solvents Spectrum Analysis Sphingomyelins Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Liposomal cytochalasin B was prepared by suspending 2.0 mg cytochalasin B in 2.0 ml chloroform containing 200 mg of egg phosphatidylcholine (Sigma-Aldrich Corp.). The solution was pipetted into a round bottom flask and dried to a thin film. The film was then resuspended in 5 ml phosphate buffered saline (Sigma-Aldrich Corp). The resulting suspension was left to sit for 1 h before being extruded five times through a 5.0 μm polycarbonate filter in accordance to LUVET (large unilamellar vesicles made by an extrusion technique), forming large, unilamellar vesicles. The above mentioned protocol was then repeated using 200 mg total of a 70:30 mixture of egg phosphatidylcholine: dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol.
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Publication 2015
Chloroform Cytochalasin B dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol Liposomes Phosphates Phosphatidylcholines polycarbonate Saline Solution Unilamellar Vesicles
Human integrin αIIbβ3 was purchased from Enzyme Research Laboratories (South Bend, USA). Unless otherwise stated, all mentioned antibodies were bought from Biolegend (San Diego, USA). Dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG; 14:0 PG), dimyristolphosphatidylcholine (DMPC; 14:0 PC) and dioleoyl-glycero-phosphoethanolamine-N-carboxyfluorescein (PE CF) were obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids Inc. (Alabaster, USA). SM-2 biobeads were supplied by Bio-Rad (Munich, Germany). Unfractionated heparin (UFH), fondaparinux and quinine sulfate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Protein concentration was determined by bicinchonic acid assay (BCA) kit with included protein microstandard (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany). Tris-Base, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), bovine serum albumin and NaCl were bought from Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany). CaCl2, MnCl2, Triton X-100 and methanol were purchased from Carl Roth GmbH (Karlsruhe, Germany). Sucrose and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were obtained from Merck KgaA (Darmstadt, Germany).
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Publication 2019
Acids Alabaster Antibodies Biobeads Biological Assay carboxyfluorescein Decompression Sickness Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol dioleoyl cephalin Edetic Acid Enzymes Fondaparinux Heparin Homo sapiens Lipids manganese chloride Methanol Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex Proteins Serum Albumin, Bovine Sodium Chloride Sucrose Sulfate, Quinine Sulfate, Sodium Dodecyl Triton X-100 Tromethamine

Most recents protocols related to «Dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol»

Liposomes decorated with two antigens, mCD52 (peptide with the amino acid sequence TSSPSAD, which is a CD52 mimotope; synthesized by Aimee Boyle, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands) and DNP, encapsulating sulforhodamine B (20 mM; Sigma-Aldrich, S1402) in PBS were produced. Lipid films were composed of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG), cholesterol, DNP-cap-PE and mCD52-cholesterol (44:5:49:1:1 mol%). Liposomes were prepared as described previously (24 (link)–26 (link)). All lipids, except mCD52-cholestrol, were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids.
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Publication 2024
Not available on PMC !
For all experiments except membrane patch experiments, DMPC (dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine) and DMPG (dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol) were purchased from Larodan Fine Chemicals AB (Malmö, Sweden). Lipid stocks were prepared by dissolving dry lipids in chloroform or chloroform:methanol (75:25) to a final concentration of 10 mg/ml. The solvent was evaporated under a stream of nitrogen gas before freeze-drying overnight at -52 °C under vacuum. The dried lipid mixture was stored air-tight at -20 °C until use.
For preparation of either liposomes or bicelles, the dried lipids were hydrated with either water or HBS (20 mM HEPES, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.5) at a final concentration of 5-10 mg/ml, inverting at room temperature overnight to ensure that no unsuspended lipids remained in the glass vial. The formed multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) were subjected to freeze-thawing using liquid N2 and a warm water bath with 30 s of strong vortexing. The cycle was repeated 7 times. Small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) were prepared by sonicating fresh MLVs using a probe tip sonicator (Branson Model 450, Sonics & Materials Inc. Vibra-cell VC-130) until the lipid suspension was clear, while avoiding overheating. Bicelles were made by adding n-dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) to the MLVs to a q-ratio of 2.84, while pipetting up and down until the solution became clear. The SUVs and bicelles were left at room temperature for at least a couple of hours before use.
For membrane patch experiments, DOPC (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and DOPS (1,2dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, Alabama, USA). Lipid stocks containing DOPC and DOPS were prepared by dissolving dry lipids in methanol (hypergrade for LC-MS, Merck) to a final concentration of 10 mM with a DOPC:DOPS ratio of 9:1. When the lipids were completely dissolved, 0.05% DiD-C18 probe (Thermo-Invitrogen) was added. The lipid mixture was immediately used to make the lipid films for the patch experiments.
Publication 2024
We constructed models of the channel based on the crystal structure with code 3UKM, which was prepared at a pH >7.4 and is believed to represent an open conformation. These models were protonated to simulate either pH6.0 or pH7.4 and were embedded in a double bilayer system, following a previously established method11 (link). It’s important to note that this system was different from the one used for the pKas calculations. In each extracellular-facing leaflet of the bilayer, there were 105 molecules of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and 10 of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (POPE). To partially recreate the negative charge inside biological membranes, the cytoplasmic-facing leaflet contained 10 negatively charged dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) molecules and 105 POPC molecules only. We show in SI-2 section that this membrane modification is unlikely to significantly affect the pKas of the membrane inserted protein. The numbers of lipids were chosen to ensure that both leaflets had a comparable surface area, considering the structure of the channel. After solubilisation in 150 mmol L-1 KCl and neutralisation, a typical simulation box contained ~ 243’000 atoms. For the wild-type (WT) sequence, we performed a total of 18 trajectories at each pH, resulting in a cumulative simulation time of 5.8 μs at pH 7.4 and 4.8 μs at pH6.0. A similar procedure was followed for the H122N mutant, except that in this case, we conducted four simulations, each lasting 300 ns, at each pH value. Therefore, the total trajectory time dedicated to the H122N mutant was 2.4 μs. The all-atom MD simulations were performed with the CHARMM36 force field31 (link) using the GROMACS package version 2021.524 (link). The TIP3P water model was used28 (link). Bond and angle lengths involving hydrogen atoms were constrained using the LINCS algorithm allowing an integration time step of 2 fs. Short-range electrostatics were cut off at 1.2 nm. Van der Waals interactions were calculated explicitly up to 10 Å, beyond which a switch function was used to smoothly switch off the interactions to reach zero at 12 Å. Long-range electrostatic interactions were calculated by the PME algorithm32 (link). The protein, lipids, and water/ions were coupled separately to a temperature bath at 310 K with the Nose-Hoover method with a time constant of 1.0 ps33 (link),34 (link). The system pressure was kept constant by semi-isotropic Parrinello-Rahman coupling to a reference value of 1 bar as implemented in the GROMACS suite. GROMACS and in-house Python scripts were used to analyse the data. Time series analyses reveal that the Cα RMSD approached values close to 3 Å over the course of the simulations, but without achieving prefect convergence. More precisely, the interactions studied in this article converged significantly and rapidly, enabling us to incorporate all values after 50 ns of stabilisation in our calculations. Some distances involving contact losses required more time to converge (Fig. S1). To determine the orientation of residue 122 with respect to the main axis of the channel, the structures were aligned along their main axis. The vertical red arrow in Fig. 4C shows this orientation. A second vector links the Cα atom of residue 122 with the center of mass of the selected side chain pairs, which are ND1 and NE2 in the case of histidine and OD1 and ND2 in the case of asparagine. The angle between these two vectors determines the orientation of the residue.
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Publication 2024
All lipids were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabama, USA). Liposomes displaying 1 mol% DNP and encapsulating 20 mM sulforhodamine B (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA), composed of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG), cholesterol and dinitrophenyl-cap-dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DNP-cap-PE) (44:5:50:1 mol%) in PBS were generated as previously described27 (link).
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Publication 2023
1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine Cholesterol Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol Lipids Liposomes lissamine rhodamine B
Lanosterol (>=93% pure) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). 5α-Cholesta-8,24-dien-3β-ol (zymosterol), 14-demethyl-14-dehydroLanosterol (FF-MAS), 4,4-dimethylcholesta-8,24-dien-3β-ol (T-MAS), and cholesterol-d7 were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids Inc (Alabaster, AL). 4α,14α-Dimethylzymosterol (4,14-DMZ) was isolated from the sterol extract of L. tarentolae [16 (link)]. Dilaurylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC), dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), and dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) were a gift from Dr. Philip Gao at the Protein Production Group, University of Kansas. Emulgen 911 was purchased from Desert Biologicals (Phoenix, AZ). Reagents used in Leishmania work were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA) or VWR (Radnor, PA) unless otherwise specified.
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Publication Preprint 2023
4,4-dimethylcholesta-8,14,24-trienol 4,4-dimethylcholesta-8,14-dien-3-ol Alabaster Biological Factors Cholesterol dilauroyl lecithin Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol Emulgen 911 Lanosterol Leishmania Lipids NADP Proteins Sterols zymosterol

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Sulforhodamine B is a fluorescent dye commonly used in biochemical and cell-based assays. It is a bright pink dye that exhibits strong fluorescence when bound to proteins. The dye can be used to quantify cellular proteins, assess cell proliferation, and evaluate cytotoxicity.
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Tris base is a chemical compound used as a buffer in various laboratory applications. It is a white crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. Tris base is commonly used to maintain a specific pH range in biological and biochemical experiments, such as in the preparation of buffers for gel electrophoresis, protein purification, and molecular biology techniques.
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More about "Dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol"

Dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) is a synthetically produced glycerophospholipid with two myristoyl (tetradecanoyl) fatty acid chains.
This amphiphilic molecule is commonly used as a model lipid system for studying biological membrane properties and interactions, with applications in areas such as drug delivery, biophysical research, and membrane protein studies.
Closely related to DMPG is cholesterol (Chol), another important lipid component of cell membranes.
Cholesterol-d7, a deuterated variant, is often used as an internal standard in lipid research.
Sulforhodamine B is a fluorescent dye that can be used to label DMPG and other lipids for visualization and quantification purposes.
Tris base is a common buffer compound used in experiments involving DMPG and other lipids, while PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) provides a physiologically relevant medium.
Detergents like Triton X-100 are sometimes used to solubilize and study DMPG and membrane proteins.
Clodronate liposomes, which incorporate DMPG and other lipids, are used to selectively deplete macrophages in biological systems.
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a protein that can interact with lipids and be used to study DMPG-protein interactions.
MnCl2 (manganese chloride) and quinine sulfate are sometimes used as fluorescence quenchers or probes in DMPG-related experiments.
Optimizing your DMPG research can be greatly enhanced by utilizing the PubCompare.ai platform, which leverages AI-driven insights to help you locate the best protocols, products, and techniques from literature, preprints, and patents.
This can improve the reproducibility and accuracy of your experiments, leading to more robust and reliable results.