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Dinitrobenzenes

Dinitrobenzenes are a group of organic compounds containing two nitro groups (-NO2) attached to a benzene ring.
These compounds are used in various industrial and research applications, including as intermediates in the production of dyes, explosives, and pharmaceuticals.
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Most cited protocols related to «Dinitrobenzenes»

1
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Evaluation
Cited 7 times
The superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was evaluated as already described previously [47 ,48 (link)]. SOD activity was evaluated by quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique using a commercial kit (Cusabio, Houston, Texas). The results were expressed as U/mg of protein. For GPx activity, the absorbance was monitored at 340 nm at 37 °C for 10 min, and the results were expressed as μmol of reduced glutathione (GSH)/min/mg of protein. The GR activity was evaluated by measuring the consumption of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) as a cofactor in the reduction of oxidized glutathione to reduce GSH. The results were expressed as U of GR/mg of protein. One U of enzyme activity was defined as the amount of GR that oxidizes 1 μmol of NADPH per min. The GST activity was measured using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as a substrate. The results were expressed as U of GST/mg of protein. One U of enzyme activity was defined as the amount of GST that produces 1 μmol of the conjugate of GSH with CDNB per min. The total protein concentration in the homogenate was measured using the method of Bradford.
Fusco R., Cordaro M., Siracusa R., D’Amico R., Genovese T., Gugliandolo E., Peritore A.F., Crupi R., Impellizzeri D., Cuzzocrea S, & Di Paola R. (2020). Biochemical Evaluation of the Antioxidant Effects of Hydroxytyrosol on Pancreatitis-Associated Gut Injury. Antioxidants, 9(9), 781.
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Publication 2020
Dinitrobenzenes enzyme activity Enzyme Immunoassay Glutathione Disulfide Glutathione Reductase Glutathione S-Transferase NADP Peroxidase, Glutathione Proteins Reduced Glutathione Superoxide Dismutase
2
Quantification of GSH and GST Levels
Cited 7 times
Reported protocols were used to quantify the level of GSH. Previously diluted and homogenized tissue was added with freshly prepared PBS and then with a solution of 5-5ʹ-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid). The 412 nm wavelength was used to check the absorbance of this solution. Similarly, the levels of GSH S-transferase (GST) were assayed using reported protocol with little modifications. Concisely, the same concentrations of GST and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene were mixed and diluted with a 0.1 M solution of PBS (pH 6.5). After serial dilution from tissue homogenate, the absorbance was measured at 340 nm [6 (link)].
Imran M., Al Kury L.T., Nadeem H., Shah F.A., Abbas M., Naz S., Khan A.U, & Li S. (2020). Benzimidazole Containing Acetamide Derivatives Attenuate Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in Ethanol-Induced Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules, 10(1), 108.
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Publication 2020
Dinitrobenzenes Nitrobenzoic Acids Technique, Dilution Tissues Transferase
3
Measuring Mitochondrial Superoxide/H2O2 Production
Cited 7 times

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Publication 2013
Aftercare Dinitrobenzenes Egtazic Acid Glutathione HEPES Horseradish Peroxidase Magnesium Chloride Mitochondria Oligomycins Palmitoylcarnitine Peroxidase Peroxidase, Glutathione Peroxide, Hydrogen potassium phosphate, dibasic Proteins Serum Albumin, Bovine Superoxide Dismutase Superoxides Synapsin I Thioredoxin Peroxidase
4
Quantifying Plant Protein and GST Activity
Cited 6 times
Total plant protein was extracted in native condition as described previously [45 (link)] and quantified using Bradford method [46 (link)]. The glutathione S-transferase (GST, EC 2.5.1.18) enzyme activity was measured spectrophotometrically using reduced glutathione and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) substrates as published earlier [24 (link)]. The specific activity of GST (nmol/min/mg protein) was calculated and compared amongst the samples. This experiment was performed in triplicates and data was represent as the average value ± standard deviation (n = 3).
Islam S., Rahman I.A., Islam T, & Ghosh A. (2017). Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of glutathione S-transferase gene family in tomato: Gaining an insight to their physiological and stress-specific roles. PLoS ONE, 12(11), e0187504.
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Publication 2017
Dinitrobenzenes EC-18 cpd enzyme activity Glutathione S-Transferase Plant Proteins Proteins Reduced Glutathione
5
Antioxidant Enzyme Assays in Leaf Tissue
Cited 6 times
Superoxide dismutase, POX (EC 1.11.1.7), CAT, GSH POX (GPX), APX, GR, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR, EC 1.6.5.4) and DHAR were determined in an homogenate of 100 mg (FW) of leaf tissues, prepared in 1 ml of 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), containing 10% (w/v) polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), 0.25% (v/v) Triton X-100, 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride(PMSF) and 1 mM ASC, by using a MagNA Lyser (Roche, Vilvoorde, Belgium). SOD activity was determined according to Dhindsa et al. (1982) (link) by measuring the inhibition of NBT (nitroblue tetrazolium) reduction at 560 nm. POX activity was determined by the oxidation of pyrogallol (ε430 = 2.47 mM-1 cm-1; Kumar and Khan, 1982 ). CAT activity was assayed according to the Aebi (1984) by monitoring the decomposition of H2O2 at 240 nm. APX, MDHAR, DHAR, and GR activities were measured by the methods of (Murshed et al., 2008 (link)). GST activity was estimated by measuring the conjugation of GSH with excess 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) at 340 nm (ε340 = 0.0096 μM-1 cm-1; Habig et al., 1974 (link)). GPX activity was assayed by measuring the decrease in NADPH absorbance measured at 340 nm (ε340 = 6.22 mM-1cm-1; Drotar et al., 1985 (link)). All activity measurements were scaled down for semi-high throughput using a micro-plate reader (Synergy Mx, Biotek Instruments Inc., Winooski, VT, USA), and optimized to obtain linear time and protein concentration dependence.
AbdElgawad H., Zinta G., Hegab M.M., Pandey R., Asard H, & Abuelsoud W. (2016). High Salinity Induces Different Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Responses in Maize Seedlings Organs. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, 276.
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Publication 2016
AFR reductase Buffers Dinitrobenzenes Glutathione S-Transferase NADP Nitroblue Tetrazolium Peroxide, Hydrogen Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride Phosphates Plant Leaves Potassium-50 potassium phosphate Povidone Proteins Psychological Inhibition Pyrogallol Superoxide Dismutase Tissues Triton X-100

Most recents protocols related to «Dinitrobenzenes»

1
Glutathione S-Transferase Activity Assay
The GST assay reaction mixture contained in 1 ml total volume of 0.1 M K-phosphate buffer, pH 6.5, 1 mM 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), 1 mM GSH, and enzyme solution. The increase in absorbance was monitored at 340 nm for 3 min at 25 °C. The product extinction coefficient was considered as 9.6 mM−1 cm−1. One GST unit is equivalent to the enzyme amount which conjugates 1 μmole CDNB in 1 min [19 (link)].
Masoud H.M., Helmy M.S., Darwish D.A, & Ibrahim M.A. (2023). Purification, characterization, and enzyme kinetics of a glutathione S transferase from larvae of the camel tick Hyalomma dromedarii. Journal of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, 21, 28.
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Publication 2023
Biological Assay Buffers Dinitrobenzenes Enzymes Extinction, Psychological Phosphates
2
Glutathione-Mediated Detoxification Assay
1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione sepharose 4 fast flow, sephacryl S-300, cumene hydroperoxide, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, lithocholic acid, hematin, p-chloromercuribenzoic acid (pCMB), N-p-tosyl-l-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK), iodoacetamide, gel filtration molecular weight markers, and triphenyltin chloride were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. All other chemicals were of analytical grade.
Masoud H.M., Helmy M.S., Darwish D.A, & Ibrahim M.A. (2023). Purification, characterization, and enzyme kinetics of a glutathione S transferase from larvae of the camel tick Hyalomma dromedarii. Journal of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, 21, 28.
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Publication 2023
4-hydroxymercuribenzoate Biological Markers cumene hydroperoxide Dinitrobenzenes Gel Chromatography Glutathione Hematin Iodoacetamide Ketones Lithocholic Acid p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid Phenylalanine Reduced Glutathione Sepharose triphenyltin chloride
3
Antioxidant Enzyme Assays in Chitosan-Sildenafil Formulation
Low molecular weight chitosan (50-190 kDa, 75-85% deacetylated) (SC), sildenafil citrate (SF), 5,5′-dithiobis nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), bovine serum albumin (BSA), reduced glutathione (GSH), 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), epinephrine, acrylamide, bisacrylamide, tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED), cumene hydroperoxide, and tris-HCl were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Germany. Sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) was purchased from Loba Chemie, India. Folin-Cioclateu phenol reagent was purchased from Oxford Lab Chem, India. Tween 80, potassium phosphate, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), sodium phosphate, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium carbonate, magnesium chloride, acetone, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium borate, sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), copper sulfate (CuSO4), Na-K tartrate, sulphosalicylic acid, ammonium persulphate (APS), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were purchased from El-Nasr Pharmaceutical Company, Egypt. Primary anti-mouse antibodies for GPx and GST were obtained from Santa Cruz Co., USA.
Sheweita S.A., Alian D.M., Haroun M., Nounou M.I., Patel A, & El-Khordagui L. (2023). Chitosan Nanoparticles Alleviated the Adverse Effects of Sildenafil on the Oxidative Stress Markers and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Rats. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2023, 9944985.
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Publication 2023
Acetone Acrylamide ammonium peroxydisulfate Anti-Antibodies Chitosan cumene hydroperoxide Dinitrobenzenes Dithionitrobenzoic Acid Epinephrine folin Magnesium Chloride Mice, House NADP Nitrobenzoic Acids Peroxide, Hydrogen Pharmaceutical Preparations Phenol potassium phosphate Reduced Glutathione Serum Albumin, Bovine Sildenafil Citrate sodium borate sodium carbonate Sodium Hydroxide sodium phosphate Sulfate, Copper Sulfate, Sodium Dodecyl sulfosalicylic acid tartrate tetramethylethylenediamine thiobarbituric acid Trichloroacetic Acid triphosphoric acid, sodium salt Tromethamine Tween 80
4
Assay of Antioxidant and Enzymatic Activities
Pyrogallol, Catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH), 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), Acetylthiocholine chloride, and 5,5-dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) were procured from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA); hydrogen peroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium di-hydrogen phosphate, L-ascorbic acid, and sodium carbonate were obtained from Sisco Research Laboratory, Mumbai, India. Sodium Chloride, Magnesium Chloride, and Tris-base were purchased from Himedia Laboratories, Mumbai.
Singh K.D., Koijam A.S., Bharali R, & Rajashekar Y. (2023). Insecticidal and biochemical effects of Dillenia indica L. leaves against three major stored grain insect pests. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1135946.
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Publication 2023
Acetylthiocholine Ascorbic Acid Catalase Chlorides Dinitrobenzenes diphenyl Hydrogen Magnesium Chloride Nitrobenzoic Acids Peroxide, Hydrogen Pyrogallol Reduced Glutathione sodium carbonate Sodium Chloride Sodium Hydroxide sodium phosphate Tromethamine
5
Assay for Amoeba Glutathione S-Transferase
Amoebae (5x 104 cells/mL) were washed in PBS and sonicated on ice using three 10-second bursts at high intensity (Heat Systems Ultrasonic Cell Disruptor) and cooling for 30 seconds on ice between each burst. Protein concentrations were estimated by the method of Bradford using bovine serum albumin as the standard [24 (link)]. DdGSTs activity was determined at 25°C with reduced glutathione (GSH) and 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as substrates, measuring the increase in spectrophotometric absorbance at 340nm for 5 minutes [25 (link)]. CDNB activity assays of purified, recombinant GSTs (rDdGSTA2, rDdGSTA3) were conducted in accordance with protocols previously established in our laboratory [26 (link)]. Data presented as mean enzyme activity (% control) ± SEM. Statistical significance was determined using the one-sample t-test (mean, 100; two-tailed) vs. control, *p < 0.05.
Alsaffar N., Fang Y, & Walters E. (2023). Thymoquinone effect on the Dictyostelium discoideum model correlates with functional roles for glutathione S-transferases in eukaryotic proliferation, chemotaxis, and development. PLOS ONE, 18(3), e0282399.
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Publication 2023
Amoeba Biological Assay Cells Dinitrobenzenes enzyme activity Neoplasm Metastasis O-(glucuronic acid 2-sulfate)-(1--3)-O-(2,5)-andydrotalitol 6-sulfate Proteins Reduced Glutathione Serum Albumin, Bovine Spectrophotometry Ultrasonics

Top products related to «Dinitrobenzenes»

1
1 chloro 2 4 dinitrobenzene by Merck Group
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1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It serves as a versatile intermediate and reagent for organic synthesis. The product has a distinct chemical structure and physical properties that make it a useful tool for researchers and scientists working in the field of organic chemistry.
2
1 chloro 2 4 dinitrobenzene cdnb by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) is a chemical compound that functions as a laboratory reagent. It is used in various analytical and experimental procedures. No further details on its intended use are provided.
3
Reduced glutathione by Merck Group
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Reduced glutathione is a biochemical compound that serves as an antioxidant in biological systems. It plays a key role in maintaining the redox state of cells and protecting them from oxidative stress.
4
Bovine serum albumin (bsa) by Merck Group
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Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a common laboratory reagent derived from bovine blood plasma. It is a protein that serves as a stabilizer and blocking agent in various biochemical and immunological applications. BSA is widely used to maintain the activity and solubility of enzymes, proteins, and other biomolecules in experimental settings.
5
5 5 dithiobis 2 nitrobenzoic acid by Merck Group
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5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It is a solid, crystalline substance with a specific chemical structure and formula. The primary function of this compound is to serve as a reagent in analytical and biochemical procedures, without further interpretation of its intended use.
6
Glutathione (gsh) by Merck Group
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GSH is a high-performance laboratory equipment designed for a variety of applications in research and development. It serves as a versatile tool for general laboratory tasks.
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Thiobarbituric acid by Merck Group
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Thiobarbituric acid is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It is a white to pale yellow crystalline solid that is soluble in water and organic solvents. Thiobarbituric acid is commonly used as a reagent in analytical techniques to detect the presence of certain compounds, particularly those related to lipid peroxidation.
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Hydrogen peroxide by Merck Group
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Hydrogen peroxide is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound with the formula H2O2. It is a common laboratory reagent used for its oxidizing properties.
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Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid by Merck Group
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Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a chemical compound commonly used in scientific and laboratory settings. It functions as a chelating agent, capable of forming stable complexes with metal ions. EDTA is primarily used for the analysis and separation of various metal ions in samples.
10
Hydrogen peroxide h2o2 by Merck Group
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Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound. It is a powerful oxidizing agent with the chemical formula H2O2. Hydrogen peroxide is widely used in various laboratory applications due to its strong oxidizing properties.

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