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Durcupan

Durcupan is a resin-based embedding medium widely used in electron microscopy and histological sample preparation.
It provides excellent structural preservation and sectioning properties, enabling high-quality ultrastructural imaging.
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Most cited protocols related to «Durcupan»

Samples were embedded using a protocol adapted from the NCMIR protocol (Deerinck et al., 2010 ). Briefly, after fixation, the samples were post-fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide and 1.5% potassium ferricyanide (v/v) for 1 h on ice, incubated in 1% thiocarbohydrazide in dH2O (w/v) for 20 min, followed by 2% osmium tetroxide in dH2O (w/v) for 30 min, and then washed in dH2O and incubated overnight in 1% aqueous uranyl acetate at 4°C. Cells were then stained with Walton's lead aspartate for 30 min at 60°C. The coverslips were removed from the dishes after submerging the bottom in methanol for 20 min to soften the glue. The cells were then dehydrated stepwise through an ethanol series on ice, incubated in a tin foil container in a 1:1 propylene oxide and Durcupan resin mixture, and embedded in Durcupan ACM® resin according to the manufacturer's instructions (Sigma-Aldrich).
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Publication 2017
Aspartate Cells Durcupan Durcupan ACM Ethanol Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Methanol Osmium Tetroxide potassium ferricyanide propylene oxide Resins, Plant thiocarbohydrazide uranyl acetate
To examine the ultrastucture of the developing dLGN, a total of eight C57/BL6 mice, at ages P7 (n = 2), P14 (n = 2), P21 (n = 2), and adult (9 months, n = 2) were used. Mice were first deeply anesthetized with isoflurane, then given an intraperitoneal injection of avertin (2.5%, 0.5–1 ml), and perfused through the heart with 2% paraformaldehyde and 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1Mphosphate buffer. The brains were cut into 50–100-µm-thick coronal sections by using a Vibratome (Leica VT100E). Selected sections were postfixed in 2% osmium tetroxide and then dehydrated in an ethyl alcohol series and embedded in Durcupan resin. Because the mouse dLGN is less than 1 mm2 in coronal sections, we mounted the entire dLGN (at its largest extent, approximately 2.3 mm posterior to Bregma in the adult) on resin blocks for ultrastructural analysis. Ultrathin sections (on average 70 nm in thickness) were cut and every fifth section was collected on Formvar-coated nickel slot grids. Every fourth section in the series was stained to reveal the presence of GABA, by using previously published postembedding immunocytochemical techniques (Li et al., 2003 (link); Bickford et al., 2008 (link)) and a polyclonal, affinity-purified rabbit anti-GABA primary antibody (cat. no. A2052, Sigma, St. Louis, MO) diluted 1:2,000, and a goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody conjugated to 15-nm colloidal gold particles diluted 1:25 (British BioCell International, Cardiff, UK).
The immunogen used to produce the GABA antibody was GABA-bound to bovine serum albumin (BSA). The GABA antibody shows positive binding with GABA and GABA-keyhole limpet hemocyanin, but not BSA, in dot blot assays (Sigma product information). In mouse tissue, the GABA antibody stains neurons in the thalamic reticular nucleus and a subset of neurons in the dorsal thalamus. This labeling pattern is consistent with other GABAergic markers used in a variety of species to visualize interneurons. (Houser et al., 1980 (link); Hendrickson et al., 1983 (link); Oertel et al., 1983 (link); Fitzpatrick et al., 1984 (link); Montero and Singer, 1985 (link); Montero and Zempel, 1986 (link); Rinvik et al., 1987 (link); De Biasi et al., 1997 (link); Arcelli et al., 1997 (link); Wang et al., 2001 (link)).
The sections were subsequently stained with uranyl acetate and examined by using a Philips CM10 electron microscope. Images of each synaptic contact (identified by an accumulation of vesicles adjacent to a synaptic cleft) encountered within the examined sections were collected by using a digitizing camera (SIA-7C; SIA, Duluth, GA), or photographic plates that were subsequently scanned and digitized (SprintScan 45i; Polaroid, Waltham, MA). As described in detail in the Results section, each presynaptic and postsynaptic profile was categorized based on a variety of ultrastructural features, as well as the density of gold particles overlying them. Profile areas were measured from digital images of single sections by using Sigma Scan Software (SPSS, Chicago, IL). Images were imported into Adobe Photoshop software (San Jose, CA), where the brightness and contrast could be adjusted.
Publication 2010
Adult anti-IgG Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic Antigens Biological Assay Brain Buffers Dot Immunoblotting Durcupan Electron Microscopy Ethanol Formvar gamma Aminobutyric Acid Glutaral Goat Gold Gold Colloid Heart Immunoglobulins Injections, Intraperitoneal Interneurons Isoflurane keyhole-limpet hemocyanin Mice, House Neurons Nickel Osmium Tetroxide paraform Rabbits Radionuclide Imaging Resins, Plant Serum Albumin, Bovine Singer Staining Thalamic Nuclei Thalamus Tissues tribromoethanol uranyl acetate
Two different methods were used to prepare Drosophila brain tissue imaged by FIB-SEM. For one approach, the head of a 5-day-old adult female CantonS G1xw1118 Drosophila was cut into 200 μm slices with a Leica VT1000 microtome in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 2.5% paraformaldehyde, in 0.1 M cacodylate at pH 7.3. The vibratome slice was fixed for a total of 10–15 min, transferred to 25% aqueous bovine serum albumin for a few minutes, and then loaded into a 220 μm deep specimen carrier and high-pressure frozen in a Wohlwend HPF Compact 01 High-Pressure Freezing Machine (Wohlwend Gmbh). The brain was then freeze-substituted in a Leica EM AFS2 system in 1% osmium tetroxide, 0.2% uranyl acetate and 5% water in acetone with 1% methanol, for three more days (Takemura et al., 2015 (link)). At the end of freeze-substitution, the temperature was raised to 22°C and tissues was rinsed in pure acetone, then infiltrated, and embedded in Durcupan epoxy resin (Fluka).
Alternatively, whole Drosophila brains were fixed in 2.5% formaldehyde and 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 for 2 hr at 22°C. After washing, the tissues were post-fixed in 0.5% osmium tetroxide in ddH2O for 30 min at 4°C. After washing and en bloc staining with 0.5% aqueous uranyl acetate for 30 min, a Progressive Lowering Temperature (PLT) procedure started from 1°C when the tissues were transferred into 10% acetone. The temperature was progressively decreased to −25°C, while the acetone concentration was gradually increased to 97%. The tissue was fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide and 0.2% uranyl acetate in acetone for 32 hr at −25°C. After PLT and low-temperature incubation, the temperature was increased to 22°C, and tissues were rinsed in pure acetone, then infiltrated, and embedded in Poly/Bed 812 (Luft formulation).
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Publication 2017
Acetone Brain Buffers Cacodylate Cold Temperature Drosophila Durcupan Epoxy Resins Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy Formaldehyde Freeze Substitution Freezing Glutaral Head Methanol Microtomy Osmium Tetroxide paraform Phosphates Polybed 812 Pressure Serum Albumin, Bovine Tissues uranyl acetate Woman
Mice were deeply anesthetized and the adrenal glands were perfusion fixed through the left ventricle. Mice were flushed with a pre-warmed (37 °C) calcium and magnesium free buffer, which is composed of DPBS (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA), 10 mM HEPES, 0.2 mM EGTA, 0.2 % bovine serum albumin, 5 mM glucose and 10 mM KCl (flush buffer osmolarity=354.34 mOsmol/l) for 2 min followed by perfusion with freshly prepared pre-warmed (37 °C) fixative containing 2.5 % glutaraldehyde, 2 % paraformaldehyde in 0.15 M cacodylate buffer (fixative osmolarity=1,350 mOsmol/l) for 3 min using a peristaltic pump (Langer Instruments, Boonton, NJ, USA) set at 40 rpm. Adrenal glands were dissected out and put in the same fixative overnight (2 h at room temperature and 12 h at 4 °C) and postfixed in 1% OsO4 in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer for 1 h on ice. The tissues were stained en bloc with 2–3 % uranyl acetate for 1 h on ice. The tissues were dehydrated in graded series of ethanol (20– 100 %) on ice followed by one wash with 100 % ethanol and two washes with acetone (15 min each) and embedded with Durcupan. Sections were cut at 50–60 nm on a Leica UCT ultramicrotome and picked up on Formvar and carbon-coated copper grids. Sections were stained with 2 % uranyl acetate for 5 min and Sato’s lead stain for 1 min. Grids were viewed using a JEOL 1200EX II (JEOL, Peabody, MA, USA) TEM and photographed using a Gatan digital camera (Gatan, Pleasanton, CA, USA). Toluidine blue stained semi-thin (1 µm) sections were photographed using an Axio Observer Stand Mot microscope (Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Thornwood, NY, USA). Micrographs were randomly taken from 3 adrenal glands each from WT and Chga-KO mice, which were fixed and processed in two different days.
Publication 2015
Acetone Adrenal Glands Buffers Cacodylate Calcium, Dietary Carbon Copper Durcupan Egtazic Acid Ethanol Fingers Fixatives Flushing Formvar Glucose Glutaral HEPES Left Ventricles Magnesium Mice, House Microscopy Osmolarity paraform Perfusion Peristalsis Serum Albumin, Bovine Tissues Tolonium Chloride Ultramicrotomy uranyl acetate
Transverse sections of the brain (50 µm thick) were cut in ice-cooled PBS (0.9% NaCl in 50 mM phosphate buffer [pH 7.4]) with a vibratome. Sections were immersed in 0.1% sodium borohydride for 30 min at room temperature (RT), washed in PBS, and processed freely floating following a pre-embedding immunoperoxidase protocol previously described [14] (link),[61] (link),[64] (link),[65] .
Briefly, sections were rinsed in PBS, followed by a 2-h pre-incubation at RT in a blocking solution of PBS containing 5% normal goat serum and 0.5% gelatin. They were incubated for 48 h at RT in rabbit anti-IBA1 antibody (1∶1,000 in blocking solution; Wako Pure Chemical Industries) and rinsed in PBS. After incubation for 2 h at RT in goat anti-rabbit IgGs conjugated to biotin (Jackson Immunoresearch) and with streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase (Jackson Immunoresearch) for 1 h at RT in blocking solution, labeling was revealed with diaminobenzidine (0.05 mg/ml) and hydrogen peroxide (0.03%) in buffer solution (DAB Peroxidase Substrate Kit; Vector Laboratories).
Sections for light microscopy were mounted onto microscope slides, dehydrated in ascending concentrations of ethanol, cleared in xylene, and coverslipped with DPX (Electron Microscopy Sciences). Sections for EM were post-fixed flat in 1% osmium tetroxide and dehydrated in ascending concentrations of ethanol. They were treated with propylene oxide, impregnated in Durcupan (Electron Microscopy Sciences) overnight at RT, mounted between ACLAR embedding films (Electron Microscopy Sciences), and cured at 55°C for 48 h. Areas of V1, at a level approximating the transverse planes A +0.16 to A +0.72 [63] , were excised from the embedding films and re-embedded at the tip of resin blocks. Ultrathin (65–80 nm) sections were cut with an ultramicrotome (Reichert Ultracut E), collected on bare square-mesh grids, stained with lead citrate, and examined with a Hitachi 7650 electron microscope.
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Publication 2010
anti-IgG Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic Biotin Brain Buffers Citrates Cloning Vectors Durcupan Electron Microscopy Ethanol Gelatins Goat Horseradish Peroxidase Immunoperoxidase Techniques Light Microscopy Microscopy Normal Saline Osmium Tetroxide Peroxidase Peroxide, Hydrogen Phosphates propylene oxide Rabbits Resins, Plant Serum sodium borohydride Streptavidin Striate Cortex Ultramicrotomy Xylene

Most recents protocols related to «Durcupan»

Lizards received intraperitoneal injections of [3H]-thymidine (Amersham; specific activity 5 Ci/mmol). Depending on their survival time, the final dose was different. For survival times of 1.5 h to 3 days, the animals received a single injection with a dose of 5 μCi/g body weight (b. wt.), while for longer survival times (1–12 months) animals received daily injections (5 μCi/g b. wt.) during three consecutive days, up to a total dose of 15 μCi/g b. wt.
For short survival times, we injected four lizards (n = 4) for each survival time (6, 12, 24, and 72 h), except for the 1.5 h survival time, for which we injected five (n = 5). For long survival times (1, 3, 6, and 12 months) we injected 3 animals for each time (n = 3).
Following their corresponding survival time, the animals were deeply anesthetized with Ketolar (ketamine hydrochloride, 0.6 mg/g b. wt.) and perfused with saline (0.9% NaCl), followed by a fixative consisting of 4% PFA and 2% GA. The complete bodies of the lizards were postfixed in the same fixative during 24 h. The brains were removed from the skull, sectioned frontally or longitudinally on a vibratome at 200 μm, postfixed in 2% osmium tetroxide for 2 h, rinsed, dehydrated, and embedded in epoxy resin (Durcupan, Sigma, San Luis, MO, USA). Semithin sections were cut at 1.5 μm with an ultramicrotome (UC6 Ultracut, Leica, Wetzlar, Germany) and mounted on gelatin-coated glass-slides, which were dipped in LM-1 hypercoat emulsion (Amersham), dried in the dark, and stored at 4°C for 30 days. The autoradiographs were developed using standard methods and counterstained with 1% toluidine blue.
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Publication 2023
Animals Autoradiography Body Weight Brain Cranium Desiccation Durcupan Emulsions Epoxy Resins Fixatives Gelatins Human Body Injections, Intraperitoneal Ketamine Hydrochloride Lizards Normal Saline Osmium Tetroxide Saline Solution Thymidine Tolonium Chloride Ultramicrotomy
Cells filled with biocytin from whole-cell patch-clamp recording were visualized using either Alexa 488–conjugated streptavidin (1:1,000) or Cy3-conjugated streptavidin (1:1,000) (both from Jackson ImmunoResearch). After recording, slices were immediately fixed in a solution containing 4% paraformaldehyde and 15% picric acid in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (PB; pH = 7.4) at 4°C for at least 12 h and then stored at 4°C in 0.1 M PB containing 0.05% sodium azide as a preservative. All slices were embedded in 20% gelatin and further cut into 60-μm thick sections in ice-cold PB using a vibratome (VT1000S, Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany). After sectioning, they were rinsed in 0.1 M PB (3 × 10 min), cryoprotected in 10% to 20% sucrose solution in 0.1 M PB, flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen, and thawed in 0.1 M PB. Slice sections were then incubated in 0.1 M Tris-buffered saline (TBS; pH 7.4) containing fluorophore-conjugated streptavidin for 2.5 h at 22°C to 24°C. After washing with 0.1 M PB (3 × 10 min), the sections were covered in Vectashield mounting medium (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA), placed under coverslips, and examined under an epifluorescence microscope at 20 to 60× magnification (Leica DM 5000 B).
Sections (60-μm thick) used for single-cell reconstruction were further incubated in a solution of conjugated avidin-biotin horseradish peroxidase (ABC; 1:300; Vector Labs) in TBS (pH = 7.4) at 4°C overnight. The enzyme reaction was visualized by the glucose oxidase-DAB-nickel method using 3′3-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (0.05%) as the chromogen and 0.01% H2O2 as the oxidant. Sections were further treated with 1% OsO4 in 0.1 M PB. After several washes in distilled water, sections were stained with 1% uranyl acetate, dehydrated in an ascending series of ethanol concentrations, infiltrated with epoxy resin (Durcupan) overnight, and embedded on glass slides. Light microscopic reconstructions were conducted using the Neurolucida system with a 100× objective (Olympus BX51, Olympus UPlanFI). Images were collapsed in the z-axis for illustration.
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Publication 2023
Avidin azo rubin S biocytin Biotin Buffers Cells Cloning Vectors Cold Temperature Durcupan Enzymes Epistropheus Epoxy Resins Ethanol Freezing Gelatins Horseradish Peroxidase Light Microscopy Microscopy Nickel Nitrogen Oxidants Oxidase, Glucose paraform Peroxide, Hydrogen Pharmaceutical Preservatives Phosphates picric acid Reconstructive Surgical Procedures Saline Solution Sodium Azide Streptavidin Sucrose uranyl acetate
RPE1 cells were processed for conventional TEM as follows: cells were grown on 35 mm glass bottom dishes (MatTec Cooperation), serum-starved for 48 h, and fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde (EM grade, EMS) in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer (CB, EMS) pH 7.4 for 1 h on ice. Cells were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide (EMS) in CB, incubated with 1% low molecular weight tannic acid (EMS) in CB for 30 min at room temperature, and stained en bloc with 2% uranyl acetate in distilled water overnight. Specimen were dehydrated using a graded ethanol series and embedded in Durcupan resin (Sigma-Aldrich). Cells were sectioned parallel to the substratum using a diamond knife. 70–80 nm semithin sections were picked up on formvar- and carbon-coated EM slot grids and imaged on a TecnaiT12 TEM (Thermo Fisher Scientific) operated at 120 kV equipped with a 4k × 4k Eagle camera (Thermo Fisher Scientific). APEX labeling on the CAVIN1-APEX2-eGFP RPE1 cell line was performed as described previously (Ludwig 2020 (link)).
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Publication 2023
APEX2 protein, human Buffers Cacodylate Carbon Cell Lines Cells Diamond Durcupan Eagle Ethanol Formvar Glutaral Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Osmium Tetroxide Resins, Plant Serum Tannins uranyl acetate
Muscle samples were collected from the legs of 26 domestic ducks purchased from a rural market located in Shuangtu, Yunyang county, Chongqing municipality, China, in January 2021. These free-range ducks were raised by local farmers. Twenty 3-mm-long pieces were obtained from each muscle sample, and these were pressed and squeezed between two glass slides for observation of sarcocysts under a stereomicroscope. The sarcocysts were then isolated from the muscle fibers using dissection needles and used for light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and DNA studies.
For TEM, a total of four sarcocysts isolated from two domestic ducks were fixed first in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in cacodylate buffer (0.1 M, pH 7.4) and then in 1.0% osmium tetroxide, followed by dehydration through an increasing concentration of ethanol and embedding in Durcupan. Ultrathin sections were stained first with uranyl acetate (35 mg/ml) and then with lead citrate (35 mg/ml), followed by examination under a JEM100-CX transmission electron microscope (JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) at 80 kV. For DNA extraction, individual cysts were stored in sterile water at − 20 °C prior to processing.
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Publication 2023
Buffers Cacodylate Citrates Cyst Dehydration Dissection Ducks Durcupan Ethanol Farmers Glutaral Leg Light Microscopy Muscle Tissue Needles Osmium Tetroxide Sterility, Reproductive Transmission Electron Microscopy uranyl acetate
For SBF-SEM an image stack of a bovine placenta sample was used. The sample was collected from a placentome of a pregnant Holstein Friesian cow (gd 278 days), terminated by cesarean section, which was performed after rupture of fetal membranes. Preservation in Karnovsky’s fixative was followed by embedding in Durcupan’s resin, as previously described [56 ]. These were recorded with a section thickness of 60 nm. SBF-SEM images were used for further processing in 3D reconstruction and modeling of the target cell type.
ROIs with well-preserved areas of maternal stroma were selected on single SEM surface scans of the block. The selected image field, showing the target cells, was utilized for the creation of an image stack with 970 images. 3D reconstruction was performed on a defined stack of 180 images (Voxel size = 15 × 15 × 60 nm), which included a complete myofibroblast. Herewith, a manual segmentation of the nucleus, the stress fibers and the cytoplasm, was conducted, using the ImageJ software (ImageJ 1.53q, bundled with 64-bit Java, version 1.8.0_172) plugin TrakEM2 [57 (link)]. For visualization, segmented images were merged and resulting channels were used to create a 3D model (Imaris ×64, version 9.9.1, Bitplane AG).
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Publication 2023
Cattle Cell Nucleus Cells Cesarean Section Cytoplasm Durcupan Fetal Membranes Fixatives Holstein Cow Myofibroblasts Placenta Radionuclide Imaging Reconstructive Surgical Procedures Resins, Plant Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy Stress Fibers

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Durcupan resin is a high-quality epoxy resin designed for embedding and sectioning of biological specimens for electron microscopy. It provides a stable and durable medium for supporting and preserving the structural integrity of the sample during the sectioning process.
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