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Estradiol

Estradiol is a naturally occurring estrogen hormone that plays a crucial role in the female reproductive system.
It is responsible for the development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics, as well as the regulation of the menstrual cycle.
Estradiol is primarily produced by the ovaries, but small amounts are also synthesized in other tissues, such as the adrenal glands and the brain.
This hormone has a wide range of effects on the body, including the promotion of bone health, the maintenance of cardiovascular function, and the modulation of mood and cognitive processes.
Estradiol research is critical for understanding female physiology and developing therapies for conditions related to estrogen imbalance, such as menopause, infertility, and breast cancer.
Optimzing estrdiol research through AI-driven comparisons of protocols can enhance reproducibility and accuuracy, leading to more reliable and impactful findings.

Most cited protocols related to «Estradiol»

1
Xenograft Model of Breast Cancer
Six weeks old female NMRI (Naval Medical Research Institute) nude mice were acquired from Taconic Europe (Lille Skensved, Denmark) and allowed to acclimate one week in the animal facility before any intervention was initiated. All experimental procedures were conducted with the guidelines set forth by the Danish Ministry of Justice. Estrogen pellets, 0.72 mg 17-β-Estradiol, 60-day release (Innovative Research of America, Sarasota, FL, USA), were implanted s.c. during anesthesia with 1:1 v/v mixture of Hypnorm® (Janssen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Belgium) and Dormicum® (Roche, Basel, Switzerland). One week after implantation of pellets, MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) tumor cells (107 cells in 100 μL medium mixed with 100 μL Matrixgel™ Basement Membrane Matrix (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA)) were injected subcutaneous into the left and right flank respectively. Cells were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum and 1% penicillin-streptomycin in 5% CO2 at 37°C.
Jensen M.M., Jørgensen J.T., Binderup T, & Kjær A. (2008). Tumor volume in subcutaneous mouse xenografts measured by microCT is more accurate and reproducible than determined by 18F-FDG-microPET or external caliper. BMC Medical Imaging, 8, 16.
Publication 2008
Adenocarcinoma Anesthesia Animals Breast Cells Culture Media Dormicum Eagle Estradiol Estrogens Females Fetal Bovine Serum Homo sapiens Hypnorm Magnetic Resonance Imaging Membrane, Basement Mice, Nude Neoplasms Ovum Implantation Pellets, Drug Penicillins Streptomycin
2
Consensus on Reproductive Aging Staging
STRAW+10 involved a 2-day, in-person meeting hosted at the 2011 Annual Meeting of NAMS. On the first day, international experts gave oral presentations reviewing recent data bearing on the goals, as part of a public symposium, followed by comments and discussion from the audience. The first two sessions focused on data from prospective cohort studies of midlife women, clinical findings related to trajectories of change in menstrual, endocrine and ovarian markers of reproductive aging, and data relevant to how these trajectories vary by ethnicity, body size, and smoking status. A particular focus was on patterns of change in AMH, inhibin B, FSH, estradiol and AFC and their inter-relationships. A third session focused on emerging evidence related to staging reproductive aging in the context of cancer treatment, chronic illness including cancer and HIV-AIDS, and endocrine disorders including polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and primary ovarian insufficiency (POI, otherwise known as premature ovarian failure). At the end of day one, a panel reviewed and participants discussed modifications that had been proposed by symposium speakers. STRAW+10 explicitly considered feasibility of applying criteria in low resource countries.
Subsequently, 41 invited scientists convened to develop consensus and propose modifications to the STRAW model. These participants had clinical and/or research experience in female reproductive aging and included scientists from several key research groups in the United States, Canada, Australia, the Netherlands and South Africa, representatives from the NIH funded cohort studies of midlife women that have biological samples60 (link) including SWAN, the Michigan Bone Health and Metabolism Study (MBHMS), SMWHS, Biodemographic Models of Reproductive Aging (BIMORA), and the Penn Ovarian Aging Study (POAS) as well as the Australian MWMHP, as well as junior investigators who submitted qualifying posters.
Three breakout groups were formed based on scientific expertise and interest. Group 1 reviewed criteria for STRAW Stages −4 to −2. Group 2 reviewed criteria for STRAW Stages −1 to +2. Each of these two groups was subdivided into two subgroups and assigned a rapporteur. Each subgroup proposed modifications to the STRAW paradigm separately, considering criteria for the relevant stages in healthy women and the weight of evidence concerning the appropriateness of applying these criteria to smokers and women regardless of body size. Each subgroup of Group 1 and of Group 2 then reviewed the recommendations of their paired subgroup and discussed points of disagreement until consensus was reached. Group 3 discussed staging in the context of endocrine disorders and chronic illness and proposed modifications. This group then integrated with one of the Group 1 or Group 2 subgroups.
On the second day, the 41 scientists convened to review and discuss proposed modifications. First, Group 1 and Group 2 reviewed the other group’s recommendations proposed on the previous day. In this way, all groups reviewed all stages under consideration (Stages −4 to +2) Then, the group at-large met to discuss each proposal and final recommendations were adopted by consensus. Preliminary recommendations of the STRAW+10 Workshop were presented at the NAMS annual meeting on September 22 with comments and requests for clarification considered by the STRAW+10 program committee.
Harlow S.D., Gass M., Hall J.E., Lobo R., Maki P., Rebar R.W., Sherman S., Sluss P.M, & de Villiers T.J. (2012). EXECUTIVE SUMMARY of STRAW+10: Addressing the Unfinished Agenda of Staging Reproductive Aging. Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society, 15(2), 105-114.
Publication 2012
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Biopharmaceuticals Body Size Bones Conferences Disease, Chronic Endocrine System Diseases Estradiol Ethnicity Females inhibin B Malignant Neoplasms Menstruation Metabolism Native American myopathy Ovarian Failure, Premature Ovary Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Reproduction Signs and Symptoms System, Endocrine Woman
3
Developmental Expression and Xenobiotic Exposure in Zebrafish
Wild type adult male and female zebrafish, Danio rerio, were obtained from a commercial supplier (Ekkwill, Gibsonton, FL) and maintained in 30 gal aquaria at 28°C on a 14:10 light-dark cycle. Fertilized eggs were collected after natural spawning, washed, and distributed into 20 × 100 mm culture plates (Fisher Scientific). Embryos (150 embryos/50 ml egg water) were allowed to develop at 28°C on a 14L:10D cycle [36 ]. For developmental expression analysis embryos were collected after timed intervals: 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 120 hours post-fertilization (hpf), quick-frozen on dry ice, and stored at -70°C until analysis (3 independent embryo pools, 50 embryos per pool, per time point from the same spawning group). For treatment expression analysis embryos were left untreated until 24 hpf and then exposed to 17β-estradiol (E2; 0.1 μM), testosterone (T; 1 μM), ICI 182,780 (ICI; 10 μM; Tocris Bioscience, Ellisville, MO), β-napthaflavone (BNF; 10 nM), or 2,3,7,8, tetrachlodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; 1 nM; Ultra Scientific, N. Kingstown, RI) dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). All chemicals were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) unless otherwise noted. Stock solutions of chemicals were added directly to egg water and replaced daily. In addition, embryos were treated with DMSO alone (final concentration, 0.0006%), EtOH alone (final concentration 0.0005%), or left untreated as a control. Embryos were collected at 96 hpf, quick-frozen on dry ice, and stored at -70°C until analysis (3 independent embryo pools per treatment). Treated embryo RNAs were used for both housekeeping gene expression analysis (Table 3) and gene of interest normalization (Figure 2). Tissues (brain, eye, heart, liver, muscle, gonad) were collected from adult male and female zebrafish, pooled by sex (3 pools per tissue type/sex, 5 fish per pool), quick-frozen on dry ice, and stored at -70°C. Adult fish were reproductively active stock from our breeding colony.
McCurley A.T, & Callard G.V. (2008). Characterization of housekeeping genes in zebrafish: male-female differences and effects of tissue type, developmental stage and chemical treatment. BMC Molecular Biology, 9, 102.
Publication 2008
Adult Brain Dioxins Dry Ice Embryo Embryonic Development Estradiol Ethanol Females Fertilization Fishes Freezing Gene Expression Profiling Genes Gonads Heart Histocompatibility Testing ICI 182780 Liver Males Muscle Tissue RNA Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Testosterone Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin Tissues Zebrafish Zygote
4
Establishing Patient-Derived Xenograft Models
The study design is outlined in Supplemental Figure 1. All mice were maintained and treated in accordance with the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Experimental Animals with approval from the Baylor College of Medicine Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. A detailed surgical protocol was published elsewhere [19 ].
Pretreatment biopsy and post-treatment surgical specimens were received within an hour after excision. For fragment transplantation, samples were minced into ~1 mm3 fragments and transplanted directly into epithelium-free “cleared” fat pads [20 (link)] of recipient SCID/Beige (Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA), or NSG mice (Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME) (n=2 per patient). Transplants were performed under the following conditions: Condition 1: unmanipulated host mice, Condition 2: 17β-Estradiol supplementation (60-day release, 0.36 mg/pellet, Innovative Research of America, FL, Cat.#SE-121), or Condition 3: 17β-Estradiol supplementation with inclusion of 5 × 104 immortalized normal human fibroblasts (passages 35-41) (1:1 unirradiated:irradiated cells (4 Gy), as described previously [21 (link)] (fibroblasts generously provided by Dr. Charlotte Kuperwasser). Mice were palpated weekly, and tumor growth measured using calipers. Conditions found to be optimal for SCID/Bg mice were then tested using NSG mice (Condition 4).
We were also able to obtain a few samples from either pleural effusion or metastatic ascites. Fluid was centrifuged, and cells resuspended in a volume of 10-50ul, and injected into the cleared mammary fat pad using a Hamilton syringe. Xenografts derived from such samples were not included in the statistical analyses, but are included here for completeness of the collection.
Regardless of the source of tumor cells, when primary outgrowths reached 10mm in diameter, or if glands were suspected of carrying small primary outgrowths, fragments were re-transplanted into new hosts (n=3-4) as secondary xenografts. If no overt tumor formation was observed by 30 weeks, glands were harvested and processed for histological evaluation. Primary outgrowth take was defined as a surviving tissue fragment >1mm in diameter and demonstrated to be proliferative (Ki67 positivity). A xenograft line was defined as stable upon growth at transplant generation 3 (TG3).
Zhang X., Claerhout S., Pratt A., Dobrolecki L.E., Petrovic I., Lai Q., Landis M.D., Wiechmann L., Schiff R., Giuliano M., Wong H., Fuqua S.W., Contreras A., Gutierrez C., Huang J., Mao S., Pavlick A.C., Froehlich A.M., Wu M.F., Tsimelzon A., Hilsenbeck S.G., Chen E.S., Zuloaga P., Shaw C.A., Rimawi M.F., Perou C.M., Mills G.B., Chang J.C, & Lewis M.T. (2013). A Renewable Tissue Resource of Phenotypically Stable, Biologically and Ethnically Diverse, Patient-derived Human Breast Cancer Xenograft (PDX) Models. Cancer research, 73(15), 4885-4897.
Publication 2013
Ascites Biopsy Breast Cells Epithelium Estradiol Fibroblasts Grafts Heterografts Homo sapiens Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Mus Neoplasms Operative Surgical Procedures Pad, Fat Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Pleural Effusion Rivers SCID Mice Syringes Tissues Transplantation
5
Menstrual Cycle Oxidative Stress Dynamics
The overall objective of this study was to conduct a longitudinal assessment of the association of endogenous hormones with biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status during the menstrual cycle. There were four main objectives. The first was to study the intra-menstrual cycle variation of various measures of oxidative stress. This objective is intended to assess variation in several measures of oxidative stress during different phases of the menstrual cycle, including F2-8-isoprostanes in serum. Assessment of variation across individuals is planned. The second objective was to determine the relationship between specific reproductive hormone levels and oxidative stress during specific times in the menstrual cycle of premenopausal women. The panel of reproductive hormones in the blood that were of primary interest are oestradiol, progesterone, LH, FSH and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). The third objective was to examine the influence of external factors on both oxidative stress and hormone levels, and their interrelation. The study measured various biological factors that might influence oxidative stress, including serum concentration of certain antioxidant vitamin levels (retinoids, tocopherols, carotenoids and ascorbic acid). In addition, the study assessed other factors that might affect oxidative stress such as medication and supplement intake, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary intake, physical activity and levels of stress. Lastly, the study was designed to evaluate the validity and reproducibility of the various biological markers included in the BioCycle study.
Wactawski-Wende J., Schisterman E.F., Hovey K.M., Howards P.P., Browne R.W., Hediger M., Liu A, & Trevisan M. (2009). BioCycle study: design of the longitudinal study of the oxidative stress and hormone variation during the menstrual cycle. Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 23(2), 171-184.
Publication 2009
Antioxidants Ascorbic Acid Biological Factors Biological Markers BLOOD Carotenoids Dietary Supplements Estradiol F2-Isoprostanes Hormones Menstrual Cycle Oxidative Stress Pharmaceutical Preparations Progesterone Reproduction Retinoids Serum Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Tocopherol Vitamins Woman

Most recents protocols related to «Estradiol»

1
Isolation and Culture of Human Decidual Stromal Cells
Primary HDSCs were separated from decidual tissues by means of enzymatic dispersion and mechanical dissociation, as mentioned before (Zhu et al., 2007 (link)). Generally, the samples were washed in cold phosphate-buffered saline (Gibco, Life Technologies, Inc., Carlsbad, CA, United States of America) three times, and then minced and treated with 0.1% collagenase (type IV; Sigma‒Aldrich), 0.1% hyaluronidase (type I-S; Sigma‒Aldrich) and 0.5 mg/ml DNase I (Sigma‒Aldrich) and subsequently digested in a shaking water bath for 60 min at 37°C. The supernatant was neutralized by the addition of phenol red-free DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with 10% FBS before the cells were passed through a 40 m nylon filter (BD Biosciences, Bedford, UK). The undigested tissue fragments were left on the filter, and the stromal cell-containing eluate was transferred into a 50 ml tube. The cells were then pelleted by centrifuging them at 1200 g for 3 min at room temperature. Following that, the cell pellets were washed, resuspended, and seeded in phenol red-free DMEM/F12 media with antibiotics (100 U/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin, Life Technologies, Inc.), 10% FBS, 30 nM 17β estradiol (E2; Sigma Aldrich), and 1 μM progesterone (P4; Sigma Aldrich). All decidual stromal cell cultures were afterwards maintained at 37°C in a humid incubator with 5% CO2, unless otherwise stated, in this culture medium. The purity of the HDSCs was determined by immunofluorescent staining for vimentin and cytokeratin-7 as described previously (Zhu et al., 2007 (link)). HDSCs were cultivated at a density of 5 × 105 cells per plate in 60-mm tissue culture dishes for the time- and concentration-dependent studies, and BMP2 was added in the same manner as HESCs.
Luo J., Wang Y., Chang H.M., Zhu H., Yang J, & Leung P.C. (2023). ID3 mediates BMP2-induced downregulation of ICAM1 expression in human endometiral stromal cells and decidual cells. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 11, 1090593.
Publication 2023
Antibiotics Bath BMP2 protein, human Cells Cold Temperature collagenase 1 Culture Media Decidua Deoxyribonucleases Enzymes Estradiol Human Embryonic Stem Cells Hyaluronidase Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Immunofluorescence Keratin-7 Nylons Pellets, Drug Penicillins Phosphates Progesterone Saline Solution Streptomycin Stromal Cells Tissues Vimentin
2
Selecting Optimal FET Regimen for Patients
The selection of FET regimen is performed based on patients’ conditions, including menstrual regularity, ovulation regularity, doctors’ preference, endometrial development, and the prevalence of endometriosis and adenomyosis. For instance, patients with regular menstrual cycles and ovulation mainly undergo NC-FET. Patients with ovulation disorders or impaired endometrium development often undergo HRT-FET, because these patients have trouble in preparing the endometrium with natural ovulation. Meanwhile, HRT-FET is also selected due to the convenience of scheduling the date of FET. Patients with endometriosis, adenomyosis or recurrent implantation failure mainly undergo combination of GnRH-a and HRT-FET.
In this study, patients in the NC-FET group underwent transvaginal ultrasound on days 8 to 10 of the menstrual cycle. Follicular growth was monitored through transvaginal ultrasound and measurement of serum luteinizing hormone (LH). When the leading follicle had reached a mean diameter of >17 mm and the serum LH level was 20 IU/L, the transvaginal ultrasound was performed every day until ovulation. The day of ovulation was confirmed by transvaginal ultrasound. Cleavage-stage embryo and blastocyst-stage embryo were thawed and transferred on 3 and 5 days after ovulation, respectively.
For patients in the HRT-FET group, endometrial preparation was initiated with oral estradiol valerate (Progynova; Bayer, Berlin, Germany) at a daily dose of 4 mg from day 5 of menstrual cycle. For patients with impaired endometrial development, a daily maximum dose of 6 mg oral estradiol valerate and 3 mg transdermal 17-β estradiol (Besins Healthcare, Paris, France) were given. The serum progesterone level was measured and the transvaginal ultrasound was performed 10-12 days after the usage of exogenous estrogen. When the endometrial thickness reached 7 mm or more and the serum progesterone level was <1.5 ng/mL, exogenous progesterone was added. The FET was scheduled for 5 days for cleavage-stage embryos and for 7 days for blastocyst-stage embryos.
Fan L., Li N., Liu X., Li X., Cai H., Pan D., Wang T., Shi W., Qu P, & Shi J. (2023). Hormone replacement treatment regimen is associated with a higher risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in women undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14, 1133978.
Publication 2023
Adenomyosis Blastocyst Cytokinesis Embryo Endometriosis Endometrium Estradiol Estradiol Valerate Estrogens Gonadorelin Luteinizing hormone Menstrual Cycle Menstruation Ovarian Follicle Ovulation Ovum Implantation Patients Physicians Progesterone Progynova Serum Treatment Protocols Ultrasonography
3
Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation Protocol for IVF
Controlled ovarian hyper-stimulation was performed using a short-acting GnRH agonist long protocol. Recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (Merck Serono) was started at least 14 days after the downregulation of GnRH agonist for complete suppression of estradiol from 75 to 300IU/d. Ovulation was induced with human chorionic gonadotropin, and approximately 36 hours later, oocyte retrieval was performed under transvaginal ultrasonographic guidance. Fertilization was carried out using the standard IVF technique; if male infertility or fertilization failure occurred, oocytes were inseminated by ICSI. Embryo transfer was mostly performed using cleaving stage embryos (day 3). If a patient was at risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, the embryo was vitrified and transferred to a subsequent substituted cycle.
Shen C., Fu W., Fang C., Zhou H, & Wang L. (2023). The impact of weight loss for obese infertile women prior to in vitro fertilization: A retrospective cohort study. Medicine, 102(10), e33009.
Publication 2023
Down-Regulation Embryo Estradiol Fertilization Gonadorelin Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Human Follicle Stimulating Hormone Male Infertility Oocyte Retrieval Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome Ovarian Stimulation Ovulation Ovum Patients Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic Transfers, Embryo
4
Ovarian Function Assessment Protocol
Anthropometric and laboratory measurements were performed in all subjects. Height was measured using a Seca stadiometer with a sensitivity of 0.1 cm. Weight was measured using a Seca scale with a sensitivity of 0.1 kg. Height and weight were obtained with participants in light clothes and without shoes. BMI was calculated by dividing weight (kg) by height squared (m2). All patients and control subjects underwent a detailed suprapubic pelvic ultrasonography examination to evaluate the ovarian volume and ovarian cyst formation.
In all participants fasting, peripheral venous blood samples were taken from an antecubital vein between 08.00 and 10.00 a.m. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), TSH, and fT4 levels were measured on the same day with suprapubic pelvic ultrasonography. Samples were separated by centrifugation and stored protected from light at -80 C until analysis. Competitive electro-chemiluminescence immunoassays on the cobas® 6000 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Rotkreuz, Switzerland) were used to quantify serum LH, FSH, and E2. The lowest limits of detection were 0.1 mIU/mL for LH, 0.1 mIU/mL for FSH, and 18.4 pmol/L for E2. Serum TSH and fT4 levels were analyzed with Beckman Coulter DxI 800 Access® immunoassay system (Beckman Coulter, USA).
Yigit O., Sert T.K., Ekinci D., Kirankaya A, & Kilinc S. (2023). The effect of subclinical hypothyroidism on ovarian volume in prepubertal girls. Northern Clinics of Istanbul, 10(1), 48-52.
Publication 2023
A-A-1 antibiotic Centrifugation Chemiluminescent Assays Diagnosis Estradiol Human Follicle Stimulating Hormone Hypersensitivity Immunoassay Light Luteinizing hormone Ovarian Cysts Ovary Patients Pelvic Examination Pelvis Serum Ultrasonography Veins
5
Ovariectomy-Induced Vaginal Atrophy Model
Female BALB/c mice (8 weeks; n=30) were maintained on a standard diet and then fasted overnight before the experiment. The mice were divided into control and experimental groups, and the experimental group was anesthetized, a midline abdominal incision was made, both ovaries were removed, and the abdomen was sutured. The mice were treated with intramuscular antibiotics for 2 days to prevent infection. Two weeks after the surgery, serum estradiol levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in mice in the control and experimental groups. The experimental group was further divided into an ovariectomy group, an HA-C18 vehicle group, and an HA-C18-RA group. The HA-C18 vehicle group and HA-C18-RA group were administered an emulsion type of HA-C18 vehicle (2.5 µg/mouse) and HA-C18-RA (2.5 µg/mouse) intravaginally once daily for 4 weeks, respectively.
After 4 weeks of treatment, murine vaginal tissue was removed and dissected to make a cryosection for histologic examination, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. Sections of the vagina were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) to evaluate vaginal epithelial layers.
Kim T., Chung H.S., Lee H.S., Uthaman S., Park I.K, & Park K. (2023). Effects of retinoid-loaded hyaluronic acid nanomicelles on vaginal epithelium in a murine menopause model. Investigative and Clinical Urology, 64(2), 182-188.
Publication 2023
Abdomen Abdominal Cavity Aftercare Antibiotics, Antitubercular Cryoultramicrotomy Diet Emulsions Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Eosin Estradiol Immunohistochemistry Infection Mice, House Mice, Inbred BALB C Mus Operative Surgical Procedures Ovariectomy Ovary Serum Tissues Vagina Western Blotting Woman

Top products related to «Estradiol»

1
17β estradiol by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, Sao Tome and Principe, China, France, Macao, Switzerland, Israel, Belgium, Hungary, Canada, Italy
17β-estradiol is a natural estrogen hormone produced by the ovaries, adrenal glands, and other tissues in the body. It is a key component in various laboratory and research applications, serving as a substrate, reference standard, or analytical tool for the study of estrogen-related processes and pathways.
2
β estradiol by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Macao, China, Sao Tome and Principe, United Kingdom, Japan
β-estradiol is a chemical compound that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is the primary female sex hormone and plays a crucial role in the regulation of the reproductive cycle. β-estradiol is a naturally occurring estrogen and is widely used in various research applications, including cell culture studies and experiments related to reproductive biology.
3
17β estradiol e2 by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Italy, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Canada, China, Switzerland, Sao Tome and Principe
17β-estradiol (E2) is a steroid hormone that serves as the primary female sex hormone. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of the menstrual cycle and the development and maintenance of female reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics.
4
Estradiol by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Australia, Sao Tome and Principe, Canada, Czechia, Belgium
Estradiol is a laboratory reagent used for the measurement and detection of the estrogen hormone estradiol in biological samples. It is a commonly used compound in various analytical techniques, such as immunoassays and chromatographic methods, to quantify estradiol levels in research and clinical settings.
5
Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Japan, Canada, Italy, France, Switzerland, New Zealand, Brazil, Belgium, India, Spain, Israel, Austria, Poland, Ireland, Sweden, Macao, Netherlands, Denmark, Cameroon, Singapore, Portugal, Argentina, Holy See (Vatican City State), Morocco, Uruguay, Mexico, Thailand, Sao Tome and Principe, Hungary, Panama, Hong Kong, Norway, United Arab Emirates, Czechia, Russian Federation, Chile, Moldova, Republic of, Gabon, Palestine, State of, Saudi Arabia, Senegal
Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
6
Progesterone by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Canada, France, Sao Tome and Principe, Macao, Japan, Italy, Brazil, China, Netherlands
Progesterone is a steroid hormone that plays a crucial role in the female reproductive system. It is a key component in the regulation of the menstrual cycle and supports the maintenance of pregnancy. Progesterone is commonly used in various lab equipment and scientific research applications.
7
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe, France, Macao, India, Canada, Switzerland, Japan, Australia, Spain, Poland, Belgium, Brazil, Czechia, Portugal, Austria, Denmark, Israel, Sweden, Ireland, Hungary, Mexico, Netherlands, Singapore, Indonesia, Slovakia, Cameroon, Norway, Thailand, Chile, Finland, Malaysia, Latvia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Pakistan, Uruguay, Bangladesh
DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
8
Matrigel by BD
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, China, Canada, Japan, Italy, France, Belgium, Australia, Uruguay, Switzerland, Israel, India, Spain, Denmark, Morocco, Austria, Brazil, Ireland, Netherlands, Montenegro, Poland
Matrigel is a solubilized basement membrane preparation extracted from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) mouse sarcoma, a tumor rich in extracellular matrix proteins. It is widely used as a substrate for the in vitro cultivation of cells, particularly those that require a more physiologically relevant microenvironment for growth and differentiation.
9
Gonal f by Merck Group
Sourced in Switzerland, Germany, Italy, France, United States, Spain, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Australia, Japan, Denmark, Brazil, China
Gonal-F is a recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (r-hFSH) produced by recombinant DNA technology. It is used as a fertility medication to stimulate follicular development and maturation in the ovary as part of an assisted reproductive technology (ART) program.
10
17β estradiol pellet by Innovative Research
Sourced in United States
17β-estradiol pellets are a type of laboratory equipment used for research purposes. They are formulated to release a controlled and consistent amount of the hormone 17β-estradiol over an extended period of time. The core function of these pellets is to provide a reliable source of this hormone for various experimental studies.

More about "Estradiol"

Estradiol, also known as 17β-estradiol or β-estradiol, is a critical female sex hormone that plays a pivotal role in the female reproductive system.
This naturally occurring estrogen is primarily produced by the ovaries, with smaller amounts synthesized in the adrenal glands and the brain.
Estradiol is responsible for the development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics, as well as the regulation of the menstrual cycle.
Beyond its reproductive functions, estradiol has a wide range of effects on the body, including the promotion of bone health, the maintenance of cardiovascular function, and the modulation of mood and cognitive processes.
Estradiol research is crucial for understanding female physiology and developing therapies for conditions related to estrogen imbalance, such as menopause, infertility, and breast cancer.
Researchers often use estradiol in combination with other compounds, such as fetal bovine serum (FBS), progesterone, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), to study its effects in cell culture and animal models.
Matrigel, a gelatinous protein mixture, can also be used as a substrate for estradiol-related studies.
The medication Gonal-F, which contains follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), is sometimes used in conjunction with estradiol to stimulate ovarian follicle development and estrogen production.
Additionally, researchers may utilize 17β-estradiol pellets to provide a controlled and sustained release of the hormone in experimental settings.
Optimizing estradiol research through AI-driven comparisons of protocols from the literature, preprints, and patents can enhance reproducibility and accuracy, leading to more reliable and impactful findings.
PubCompare.ai is a powerful tool that helps researchers identify the best protocols and products for their estradiol studies, ensuring that their research is as robust and informative as possible.