Log In Sign up
The largest database of trusted experimental protocols
> Chemicals & Drugs > Organic Chemical > Estrogens

Estrogens

Estrogens are a group of steroid hormones that play a crucial role in the development and regulation of the female reproductive system.
These hormones, produced primarily by the ovaries, are essential for maintaining the health and function of the uterus, vagina, and breasts.
Estrogens also have important effects on other bodily systems, including the cardiovascular, skeletal, and nervous systems.
Researchers use a variety of methods to study the structure, function, and clinical applications of estrogens, including in-vitro experiments, animal studies, and human trials.
By optimizing research protocols and leveraging the latest advancements in AI-powered comparisons, scientists can enhance the reproducibilty and accuracy of their estrogens research, leading to more effective discoveries and treatments.
Streamlline your estrogens research with PubCompare.ai - the ulltimate tool for enhancing your discoveries.

Most cited protocols related to «Estrogens»

1
ChIA-PET: Mapping Chromatin Interactions
Cited 65 times
In ChIA-PET, long-range chromatin interactions are captured by formaldehyde cross-linking. Sonicated DNA-protein complexes are enriched by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Tethered DNA fragments in each of the chromatin complexes are connected with DNA linkers via proximity ligation, and Paired-End Tags (PETs) are extracted for sequencing. The resulting ChIA-PET sequences are mapped to reference genomes to reveal relationships between remote chromosomal regions brought together in close spatial proximity by protein factors (Fig. 1a; Supplementary Fig. 1).
ChIA-PET proximity ligation generates two types of ligation products: self-ligation of the same DNA fragments and inter-ligation between different DNA fragments. PET sequences derived from self-ligation products are mapped in the reference genome within a 3 Kb span, demarcating ChIP DNA fragments, similar to the standard ChIP-sequencing method3 (link),8 (link). Tethered DNA fragments in individual chromatin complexes can also ligate with each other, and the mapping results of such inter-ligation PET sequences would reveal if they are intrachromosomal (both tags of each PET are from the same chromosome) or interchromosomal (the tags are from different chromosomes). Singleton PETs are presumed experimental noise, and overlapping PET clusters are considered enriched putative binding sites or interaction events (Supplementary Fig. 2).
To test the ChIA-PET strategy, we constructed two ChIA-PET libraries from independent ERα ChIP-enriched oestrogen-treated MCF-7 chromatin preparations, and generated two replicate pilot datasets (IHM001H and IHM001N) using Roche/454 pyrosequencing. Our analysis showed that both ChIA-PET libraries produced comparable putative binding sites and interactions. To assess levels of false positive chromatin interactions, we created a negative control ChIP-PET library (IHM043) from the same ChIP sample, wherein the DNA was reverse cross-linked before proximity ligation. We also analyzed a previously reported cloning-based ChIP-PET library (SHC007)8 (link). Both libraries generated abundant binding sites but no interactions. As an additional control, we used IgG, which binds to chromatin nonspecifically, to perform a mock ChIA-PET analysis (IHM062), and only a few binding sites and interactions were identified (Table 1; Supplementary Figs. 2-3; Supplementary Text I).
In proximity ligation-based analyses including 3C, the level of non-specific chimeric DNA ligations between different chromatin complexes can be high and thus may confound data analysis. To address this, we designed linker nucleotide barcodes in the ChIA-PET method to specifically identify such chimeric ligation PETs in another ERα ChIA-PET replicate. Linker barcoding analysis suggests that chimeric ligations are random and do not overlap with each other to form false positive interactions (Table 1, Supplementary Fig. 4, and Supplementary Text II). A possible complication is that ChIP-enriched loci with more DNA fragments would result in proportionally higher chances of inter-ligations, leading to false positive interactions comprising randomly overlapping inter-ligation PETs among highly-enriched ChIP DNA fragments. Hence, we devised a statistical scheme to calculate such probabilities and neutralize the potential ChIP-enrichment bias (Supplementary Materials and Methods; validations in Supplementary Fig. 5).
Together, these libraries indicate that the prevalent chromatin interactions (Supplementary Figs. 2d-g) identified by ERα ChIA-PET data depend on proximity ligations of chromatin complexes, and not technical artifacts of ligations between random DNA fragments, nor mapping errors.
Fullwood M.J., Liu M.H., Pan Y.F., Liu J., Han X., Mohamed Y.B., Orlov Y.L., Velkov S., Ho A., Mei P.H., Chew E.G., Huang P.Y., Welboren W.J., Han Y., Ooi H.S., Ariyaratne P.N., Vega V.B., Luo Y., Tan P.Y., Choy P.Y., Wansa K.D., Zhao B., Lim K.S., Leow S.C., Yow J.S., Joseph R., Li H., Desai K.V., Thomsen J.S., Lee Y.K., Karuturi R.K., Herve T., Bourque G., Stunnenberg H.G., Ruan X., Cacheux-Rataboul V., Sung W.K., Liu E.T., Wei C.L., Cheung E, & Ruan Y. (2009). An Oestrogen Receptor α-bound Human Chromatin Interactome. Nature, 462(7269), 58-64.
Publication 2009
Binding Sites Chimera ChIP-PET Chromatin Chromosomes DNA Library DNA Replication Estrogens Figs Formaldehyde Genome Immunoprecipitation, Chromatin Ligation Nucleotides Proteins Selfish DNA
2
Xenograft Model of Breast Cancer
Cited 56 times
Six weeks old female NMRI (Naval Medical Research Institute) nude mice were acquired from Taconic Europe (Lille Skensved, Denmark) and allowed to acclimate one week in the animal facility before any intervention was initiated. All experimental procedures were conducted with the guidelines set forth by the Danish Ministry of Justice. Estrogen pellets, 0.72 mg 17-β-Estradiol, 60-day release (Innovative Research of America, Sarasota, FL, USA), were implanted s.c. during anesthesia with 1:1 v/v mixture of Hypnorm® (Janssen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Belgium) and Dormicum® (Roche, Basel, Switzerland). One week after implantation of pellets, MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) tumor cells (107 cells in 100 μL medium mixed with 100 μL Matrixgel™ Basement Membrane Matrix (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA)) were injected subcutaneous into the left and right flank respectively. Cells were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum and 1% penicillin-streptomycin in 5% CO2 at 37°C.
Jensen M.M., Jørgensen J.T., Binderup T, & Kjær A. (2008). Tumor volume in subcutaneous mouse xenografts measured by microCT is more accurate and reproducible than determined by 18F-FDG-microPET or external caliper. BMC Medical Imaging, 8, 16.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2008
Adenocarcinoma Anesthesia Animals Breast Cells Culture Media Dormicum Eagle Estradiol Estrogens Females Fetal Bovine Serum Homo sapiens Hypnorm Magnetic Resonance Imaging Membrane, Basement Mice, Nude Neoplasms Ovum Implantation Pellets, Drug Penicillins Streptomycin
3
Mapping R-loops Genome-wide via DRIP-seq
Cited 55 times
The protocol presented here can easily be applied to perform DRIP-seq instead
of the higher resolution, strand-specific, DRIPc-seq. DRIP-seq is technically less
demanding, requires less starting material, and is less time-consuming, but still
provides useful and robust information on R-loop distribution in a genome. We
typically recommend that users first successfully perform DRIP-seq before attempting
the DRIPc-seq protocol. The major difference between both methods pertains to the
construction of high-throughput sequencing libraries. An alternate library
construction step is provided for DRIP-seq. Other DRIP protocols have been published
recently and could be useful references for users 25 (link),26 (link).
R-loop mapping by DRIP-seq and DRIPc-seq enables users to measure the
steady-state distribution of R-loop structures in any genome of interest. More
importantly, these methods allow understanding global changes in R-loop distribution
or dynamics caused by genetic perturbations (gene knockouts or knockdowns) or by
chemical treatments (drugs, hormones). Published examples include the response of
human breast cancer cells to transcription induction by estrogen 27 or the consequences of silencing
DNA topoisomerase 1 in human HEK293 cells 28 (link). These techniques can be applied to any cell type for which
sufficient starting material can be obtained. R-loop profiles have been successfully
generated using DRIP-seq and or DRIPc-seq in murine cells 23 (link) and in Schizzosaccharomyces
pombe29 (link). DRIP methods, when followed by
quantitative PCR (qPCR) instead of high-throughput sequencing, are useful to
estimate the quantity of R-loops at specific loci in a cell population. This is best
expressed as the fraction of the input DNA that was immunoprecipitated (% input),
with no further normalization, as is commonly used in chromatin immunoprecipitation
(ChIP) assays (see Box 1). In all
cases, and in particular when changes in R-loop patterns under perturbed conditions
are of interest, it is essential to profile gene expression globally in parallel to
performing DRIP analysis. Since R-loops form co-transcriptionally, true changes in
R-loop formation or resolution must be disentangled from simple changes caused by
transcriptional effects.
Sanz L.A, & Chédin F. (2019). High-resolution, strand-specific R-loop mapping via S9.6-based DNA:RNA ImmunoPrecipitation and high-throughput sequencing.. Nature protocols, 14(6), 1734-1755.
Publication 2019
Breast Carcinoma Cells DNA Topoisomerases, Type I Estrogens Gene Expression Profiling Gene Knockout Techniques Genome HEK293 Cells Homo sapiens Hormones Immunoprecipitation, Chromatin Mus Pharmaceutical Preparations R-Loop Structures Reproduction Transcription, Genetic
4
Cohort Studies on Pubertal Height
Cited 24 times
Two data sets are used as examples, both of height in puberty. The first, the Christ’s Hospital School (CHS) cohort, consisted of a sample of 3245 boys, who attended the school at some stage between 1939 and 1968 and were measured twice a term between the ages of 9 and 19 years [median 42 measurements per boy, inter-quartile (IQR) range 35–47, range 1–63], a total of 129 508 heights. These were linked to follow-up data on 1520 adults, some 50 years later, when inter alia height and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels were measured. The cohort has been described in detail previously,7–9 and an inverse association between age at peak height velocity (APHV) and later IGF-1 has been reported.9 (link) This was based on estimates of APHV for each child derived from spline curves fitted to each child’s data.
The second data set came from a randomized clinical trial of oxandrolone to increase final height in girls with Turner syndrome (TS). This is a chromosomal disorder where the second X chromosome is missing or malformed, leading to short stature and primary ovarian failure. A total of 106 girls with TS already on a standard dose of growth hormone were randomized to receive either oxandrolone or placebo from the age of 9 years (or the age at recruitment if later) until final height was reached. One girl dropped out immediately and 13 more later on, whereas 92 girls remained in the study and 82 had reached final height before the time of analysis. A total of 1321 heights were included in the analysis (median 12 per child, IQR 9–17, range 1–23). The trial, which also included a second randomization to early or late oestrogen for induction of puberty, is reported in detail elsewhere (EJ Gault et al., submitted for publication).
Cole T.J., Donaldson M.D, & Ben-Shlomo Y. (2010). SITAR—a useful instrument for growth curve analysis. International Journal of Epidemiology, 39(6), 1558-1566.
Publication 2010
Adult Child Disorder, Chromosomal Dwarfism Estrogens IGF1 protein, human Ovarian Failure, Premature Oxandrolone Placebos Puberty Turner Syndrome Woman X Chromosome Young Syndrome
5
Integrative Analysis of Cistrome and Transcriptome Data
Cited 21 times
In some systems such as ESR1 activation in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7, multiple cistrome and transcriptome data are available from different studies using the same or different platforms. We first used Stouffer’s p-value combination method (12 (link)) to combine different transcriptome datasets, giving each gene a consensus differential expression z-score. We also utilized MM-chip (13 (link)) to combine redundant cistrome datasets to create a consensus peak list. Based on the characterization of higher order chromatin interactions and our preliminary analysis, we calculated the regulatory potential for a given gene, Sg, as the sum of the nearby binding sites weighted by the distance from each site to the TSS of the gene:
Sg=∑i=1ke-(0.5+4Δi) , where k is the number of binding sites within 100 kb of gene g and Δi is the distance between site i and the TSS of gene g normalized to 100 kb (e.g., 0.5 for a 50 kb distance). This equation models the influence of each binding site on gene regulation as a function that decreases monotonically with increasing distance from the TSS. The shape of this function approximates empirical observations of the distance between binding sites and differentially expressed genes in multiple ChIP-seq experiments. The constant in the equation enables the exponential function to adopt more flexible shapes, and 0.5 was derived to better fit ChIA-PET and Hi-C data. As rank product was finally used to predict targets, the exact value of this constant would not change the regulatory potential ranking of genes. Incorporating binding affinity into the model does not significantly improve the prediction power, therefore were excluded from the model. We represented each gene using two parameters: the differential gene expression z-score (if multiple transcriptome data are available) or t-value (if single transcriptome data is available) and the regulatory potential. For target prediction, we only considered genes with at least one binding site within 100 kb from its TSS and a differential expression z-score or t-value above the 75th percentile. We applied the Breitlings rank product method (14 (link),15 (link)) to combine transcription factor binding potentials with differential expression values (shown in Fig. 3a is an example of the rank product result from integration of one ER ChIP-chip dataset and one differential expression dataset of estrogen 12hr treatment). The FDR of each predicted target is estimated by a permutation method proposed in (14 (link)).
Tang Q., Chen Y., Meyer C., Geistlinger T., Lupien M., Wang Q., Liu T., Zhang Y., Brown M, & Liu X.S. (2011). A Comprehensive View of Nuclear Receptor Cancer Cistromes. Cancer research, 71(22), 6940-6947.
Publication 2011
Binding Sites ChIP-Chip ChIP-PET Chromatin Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing DNA Chips Estrogens Gene Expression Gene Expression Regulation Genes Genes, Regulator MCF-7 Cells Transcription Factor Transcriptome

Most recents protocols related to «Estrogens»

1
Hormonal Assessment for Fertility and Menopause
Not available on PMC !

Example 20

Fertility—Progesterone is one of the most important hormones for pregnancy with myriad functions from ensuring implantation of the egg into a healthy uterine wall, to ensuring embryo survival and prevention of immune rejection of the developing baby. Many other hormones act in concert with progesterone, like Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and can be used to assess optimal fertility windows on a monthly basis. And in fact an over dominant production of estrogen can lead to progesterone deficiency and thus difficulty getting or staying pregnant. It is important that women not only monitor FSH and LH to determine optimal fertility for getting pregnant, but ensure that sufficient levels or progesterone are being produced to ensure pregnancy and viability of the fetus. A study from the British Medical Journal, 2012, demonstrated that a single progesterone level test can help discriminate between viable and nonviable pregnancies. Among women who had an ultrasound, 73 percent had nonviable pregnancies. But among women with progesterone levels below 3 to 6 nanograms per milliliter, the probability of a nonviable pregnancy rose to more than 99 percent (Gallos L et al. British Medical J, 2012).

Perimenopause—Monitoring hormone levels during the menopausal transition may help women better understand important changes in their body and allow them to make more informed decisions about health, diet, and lifestyle. According to Hale G E (Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 2009), data from endocrine studies on women throughout the menopausal transition show changes in levels of steroid hormones and gonadotropins (Progesterone, Estrodiol, LH, FSH and AMH) and follicle-stimulating hormone undergoes the first detectable change while menstrual cycles remain regular. Erratic and less predictable changes in steroid hormones follow, especially with the onset of irregular cycles. Later serum hormone studies on the inhibins and anti-Mullerian hormone established that diminishing ovarian follicle number contributes to the endocrine changes with advancing reproductive age.

Many fertility issues revolve around genetic, anatomical or other disorders that may either prevent a woman from becoming pregnant and/or staying pregnant. Some of these disorders include hormonal imbalances, diabetes, a short or insufficient cervix, and acute or chronic infections. A cascade of genes has been implicated in the occurrence of getting and staying pregnant. These genes have been studied using genotyping, gene expression, and proteomic analysis to assess a woman's ability to stay pregnant.

In some embodiments the disclosed device focuses on detecting levels of Progesterone, LH, FSH, Estrodiol, AMH, genotyping, gene expression through RNA and methylome sequencing, qPCR and proteomic analysis for fertility and menopause management from menstrual blood or cervicovaginal fluid.

US11864740B2. Sample collection and preservation devices, systems and methods (2024-01-09). NextGen Jane, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Ridhi Tariyal [US], Stephen K. Gire [US].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
BLOOD Cervix Uteri Chronic Infection Diabetes Mellitus Diet Embryo Endocrine System Diseases Epigenome Estrogens Fertility Fetal Viability Follicle-stimulating hormone Gene Expression Genes Genes, vif Gonadotropins Hormones Human Body Human Follicle Stimulating Hormone Infant Inhibin Luteinizing hormone Medical Devices Menopause Menstrual Cycle Menstruation Mullerian-Inhibiting Hormone Ovarian Follicle Ovum Implantation Perimenopause Pregnancy Progesterone Reproduction Steroids System, Endocrine Transcription, Genetic Ultrasonography Uterus Woman
2
Vaginal Dryness and Pain Alleviation
Not available on PMC !

Example 5

10 women were surveyed using The Yale Visual Analogue Scale before and after using the vaginal care composition. The women rated their experience on dryness and pain from 0-10 (0 being no dryness/no pain; 10 being most dry/most painful).

The following inclusion and exclusion criteria were used in selecting the subjects: Perimenopausal and menopausal women, women showing symptoms of vulvovaginal dryness, women showing symptoms of painful sex due to dryness or atrophy, women with no treatments of symptoms for the past year, women with no use of estrogen based devices, and women with no use of vaginal Hyaluronic acid (HA), collagen, platelet-rich plasma (prp), carboxytherapy in the past year were included in the study. In contrast, women who received treatments for vaginal dryness or pain symptoms for past year, women who used estrogens locally, women who used vaginal HA, collagen, prp, or carboxytherapy in the past year were excluded from the study.

The subjects intra-vaginally applied intra-vaginal capsules comprising 5 mg exosomes, mg L-carnosine, and 75 mg magnesium citrate twice a week for 60 days.

Results: Women included in the study reported a significant decrease in vaginal dryness (FIG. 3A) and vaginal pain (FIG. 3B) when they used the vaginal care composition for 60 days.

US11878036B2. Vaginal care compositions and methods of improving vaginal health (2024-01-23). Neuvian LLC [US]. Inventors: Spencer Bouhadir [US], Jacob Miguel [US].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
Administration, Intravaginal Atrophy Capsule Carnosine Collagen Day Care, Medical Estrogens Exosomes Hyaluronic acid Magnesium magnesium citrate Medical Devices Menopause Pain Platelet-Rich Plasma Vagina Visual Analog Pain Scale Woman
3
Prevalence of Potentially Inappropriate Medications in Finnish Older Adults
Since the Meds75+ database is intended to be used for older people aged 75 years or older this age limit was applied in the study population. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the study population was drawn from the entire population of older people aged 75 years or older in Finland in 2017–2019. We obtained data on purchased prescription medicines, which reflects PIM use better than prescriptions only. The Prescription Centre of Finland is a national register held by the SII and contains all human medicine prescriptions and their medicine purchases delivered from pharmacies in Finland since 2017 [29 , 30 ]. The database covers all Finnish citizens except persons living permanently in institutions (< 1% of persons aged ≥75 years) and medicines given in hospitals. The study cohort consisted of older people who had purchased at least one prescription medicine, reimbursed by National Health Insurance (tax-supported public social security coverage) or not, considered as a PIM (see Additional file 1) in 2017–2019 and were aged 75 years or over at the time of purchase. In order to calculate the total number of PIMs purchased by an individual, we used a pseudonymized identification number for every person.
Altogether the data consisted of 523,263 older person and their 14,488,277 medicine purchases from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2019. To allow comparison between study years, the data was split into three cohorts, one for each year. After exclusion of prescription purchases with incorrect age criteria, missing gender, ATC code not included in the PIM summary table or invalid pharmaceutical form (e.g. topical estrogen), the final data used to assess the prevalence of PIMs in Finland consisted of 497,663 older people and their 11,685,648 medicine purchases.
The population characteristics were presented as mean values with standard deviations. The prevalence of PIM use was calculated based on census data obtained from Statistics Finland (mean population aged 75 years or older in 2017: N = 500,820.5; 2018: N = 506,884.5; and 2019: N = 518,276.0) [31 ]. The annual prevalence was calculated by dividing the number of older persons with at least one PIM purchase by the average population of each year. The prevalence of PIM use was presented as annual percentages per criteria. The number of PIMs per person was calculated as each individual ATC code regardless of the number of purchases. We also reported the most commonly used PIM classes and their prevalence per criteria during the three-year observation period. In addition, the most commonly used PIMs per criteria were presented. For numerical values, relevant descriptive statistics were presented (mean, standard deviation, median). The statistical analyses were performed using the IBM© SPSS© Statistics software, version 26.
Paulamäki J., Jyrkkä J., Hyttinen V, & Jämsen E. (2023). Prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication use in older population: comparison of the Finnish Meds75+ database with eight published criteria. BMC Geriatrics, 23, 139.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
ARID1A protein, human Estrogens Homo sapiens National Health Insurance Pharmaceutical Preparations Prescription Drugs
4
Selecting Optimal FET Regimen for Patients
The selection of FET regimen is performed based on patients’ conditions, including menstrual regularity, ovulation regularity, doctors’ preference, endometrial development, and the prevalence of endometriosis and adenomyosis. For instance, patients with regular menstrual cycles and ovulation mainly undergo NC-FET. Patients with ovulation disorders or impaired endometrium development often undergo HRT-FET, because these patients have trouble in preparing the endometrium with natural ovulation. Meanwhile, HRT-FET is also selected due to the convenience of scheduling the date of FET. Patients with endometriosis, adenomyosis or recurrent implantation failure mainly undergo combination of GnRH-a and HRT-FET.
In this study, patients in the NC-FET group underwent transvaginal ultrasound on days 8 to 10 of the menstrual cycle. Follicular growth was monitored through transvaginal ultrasound and measurement of serum luteinizing hormone (LH). When the leading follicle had reached a mean diameter of >17 mm and the serum LH level was 20 IU/L, the transvaginal ultrasound was performed every day until ovulation. The day of ovulation was confirmed by transvaginal ultrasound. Cleavage-stage embryo and blastocyst-stage embryo were thawed and transferred on 3 and 5 days after ovulation, respectively.
For patients in the HRT-FET group, endometrial preparation was initiated with oral estradiol valerate (Progynova; Bayer, Berlin, Germany) at a daily dose of 4 mg from day 5 of menstrual cycle. For patients with impaired endometrial development, a daily maximum dose of 6 mg oral estradiol valerate and 3 mg transdermal 17-β estradiol (Besins Healthcare, Paris, France) were given. The serum progesterone level was measured and the transvaginal ultrasound was performed 10-12 days after the usage of exogenous estrogen. When the endometrial thickness reached 7 mm or more and the serum progesterone level was <1.5 ng/mL, exogenous progesterone was added. The FET was scheduled for 5 days for cleavage-stage embryos and for 7 days for blastocyst-stage embryos.
Fan L., Li N., Liu X., Li X., Cai H., Pan D., Wang T., Shi W., Qu P, & Shi J. (2023). Hormone replacement treatment regimen is associated with a higher risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in women undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14, 1133978.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Adenomyosis Blastocyst Cytokinesis Embryo Endometriosis Endometrium Estradiol Estradiol Valerate Estrogens Gonadorelin Luteinizing hormone Menstrual Cycle Menstruation Ovarian Follicle Ovulation Ovum Implantation Patients Physicians Progesterone Progynova Serum Treatment Protocols Ultrasonography
5
Luteal Support Strategies in FET
Three methods of luteal support are implemented in our center. I. Vaginal progesterone gel (90 mg q.d; Crinone, Serono, Hertfordshire, UK); II. Vaginal progesterone soft capsules (0.2 g t.i.d; Utrogestan, Besins, France); III. Intramuscular progesterone (60 mg q.d; Xianju, Zhejiang, China). Patients from both groups could select one of these three luteal support methods and receive oral progesterone (10 mg t.i.d; Dydrogesterone, Abbott Biologicals B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands) simultaneously. For patients who underwent HRT-FET, exogenous estrogen would be reduced after the confirmation of clinical pregnancy. The luteal support was maintained until week 10 of gestation.
Fan L., Li N., Liu X., Li X., Cai H., Pan D., Wang T., Shi W., Qu P, & Shi J. (2023). Hormone replacement treatment regimen is associated with a higher risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in women undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14, 1133978.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Biological Factors Capsule Corpus Luteum Crinone Dydrogesterone Estrogens Patients Pregnancy Progesterone Utrogestan Vagina Vaginal Gel

Top products related to «Estrogens»

1
Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Japan, Canada, Italy, France, Switzerland, New Zealand, Brazil, Belgium, India, Spain, Israel, Austria, Poland, Ireland, Sweden, Macao, Netherlands, Denmark, Cameroon, Singapore, Portugal, Argentina, Holy See (Vatican City State), Morocco, Uruguay, Mexico, Thailand, Sao Tome and Principe, Hungary, Panama, Hong Kong, Norway, United Arab Emirates, Czechia, Russian Federation, Chile, Moldova, Republic of, Gabon, Palestine, State of, Saudi Arabia, Senegal
Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
2
Mcf 7 by American Type Culture Collection
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, China, Germany, France, Japan, Italy, Switzerland, Sweden, India, Canada, Egypt, Australia, Holy See (Vatican City State), Brazil
MCF-7 is a cell line derived from human breast adenocarcinoma. It is an adherent epithelial cell line that can be used for in vitro studies.
3
Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Australia, Canada, Japan, Italy, Switzerland, Belgium, Austria, Spain, Israel, New Zealand, Ireland, Denmark, India, Poland, Sweden, Argentina, Netherlands, Brazil, Macao, Singapore, Sao Tome and Principe, Cameroon, Hong Kong, Portugal, Morocco, Hungary, Finland, Puerto Rico, Holy See (Vatican City State), Gabon, Bulgaria, Norway, Jamaica
DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) is a cell culture medium formulated to support the growth and maintenance of a variety of cell types, including mammalian cells. It provides essential nutrients, amino acids, vitamins, and other components necessary for cell proliferation and survival in an in vitro environment.
4
17β estradiol by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, Sao Tome and Principe, China, France, Macao, Switzerland, Israel, Belgium, Hungary, Canada, Italy
17β-estradiol is a natural estrogen hormone produced by the ovaries, adrenal glands, and other tissues in the body. It is a key component in various laboratory and research applications, serving as a substrate, reference standard, or analytical tool for the study of estrogen-related processes and pathways.
5
Penicillin streptomycin by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Canada, France, Japan, Australia, Switzerland, Israel, Italy, Belgium, Austria, Spain, Gabon, Ireland, New Zealand, Sweden, Netherlands, Denmark, Brazil, Macao, India, Singapore, Poland, Argentina, Cameroon, Uruguay, Morocco, Panama, Colombia, Holy See (Vatican City State), Hungary, Norway, Portugal, Mexico, Thailand, Palestine, State of, Finland, Moldova, Republic of, Jamaica, Czechia
Penicillin/streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic solution for cell culture applications. It contains a combination of penicillin and streptomycin, which are broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
6
Estrogen by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, China, Germany
Estrogen is a lab equipment product used for the quantitative analysis of estrogen levels in biological samples. It is a sensitive and specific tool for researchers and clinicians to measure estrogen concentrations, which is crucial for various applications in the fields of reproductive biology, endocrinology, and clinical diagnostics.
7
Dual luciferase reporter assay system by Promega
Sourced in United States, China, Germany, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Japan, France, Italy, Spain, Austria, Australia, Hong Kong, Finland
The Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System is a laboratory tool designed to measure and compare the activity of two different luciferase reporter genes simultaneously. The system provides a quantitative method for analyzing gene expression and regulation in transfected or transduced cells.
8
Mda mb 231 by American Type Culture Collection
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, China, Japan, France, Australia, Italy, India, Switzerland, Brazil, Canada, Holy See (Vatican City State)
MDA-MB-231 is a cell line derived from a human breast adenocarcinoma. This cell line is commonly used in cancer research and is known for its aggressive and metastatic properties.
9
Rpmi 1640 medium by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, China, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, France, Canada, Australia, Italy, Switzerland, Belgium, New Zealand, Spain, Israel, Sweden, Denmark, Macao, Brazil, Ireland, India, Austria, Netherlands, Holy See (Vatican City State), Poland, Norway, Cameroon, Hong Kong, Morocco, Singapore, Thailand, Argentina, Taiwan, Province of China, Palestine, State of, Finland, Colombia, United Arab Emirates
RPMI 1640 medium is a commonly used cell culture medium developed at Roswell Park Memorial Institute. It is a balanced salt solution that provides essential nutrients, vitamins, and amino acids to support the growth and maintenance of a variety of cell types in vitro.
10
17β estradiol e2 by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Italy, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Canada, China, Switzerland, Sao Tome and Principe
17β-estradiol (E2) is a steroid hormone that serves as the primary female sex hormone. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of the menstrual cycle and the development and maintenance of female reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics.

More about "Estrogens"

Estrogens are a group of steroid hormones that play a crucial role in the development and regulation of the female reproductive system.
These hormones, produced primarily by the ovaries, are essential for maintaining the health and function of the uterus, vagina, and breasts.
Estrogens also have important effects on other bodily systems, including the cardiovascular, skeletal, and nervous systems.
Researchers utilize a variety of methods to study the structure, function, and clinical applications of estrogens, including in-vitro experiments using cell lines like MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, animal studies, and human trials.
Common cell culture media used for estrogen research include DMEM and RPMI 1640, often supplemented with 17β-estradiol (E2), penicillin/streptomycin, and serum like FBS.
One popular technique for evaluating estrogen activity is the Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System, which measures the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptors.
By optimizing research protocols and leveraging the latest advancements in AI-powered comparisons, scientists can enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of their estrogens research, leading to more effective discoveries and treatments.
Streamline your estrogens research with PubCompare.ai - the ultimate tool for enhancing your discoveries.
Our AI-driven comparisons help you locate the best protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, ensuring you find the most effective methods and products.