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Ethambutol

Ethambutol is a first-line antituberculosis drug used to treat tuberculosis infections.
It works by inhibiting the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall, thereby preventing the growth and spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Ethambutol is typically administered in combination with other antitubercular agents to enhance efficacy and prevent the development of drug resistance.
Clinical studies have demonstrated its effcacy in both pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, making it a crucial component of standard tuberculosis treatment regimens.
Researchers can leverage PubCompare.ai's AI-powered platform to optimzie their Ethambutol research, locating the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, while driving accurate comparisons to enhance reproducibility and accuracy.

Most cited protocols related to «Ethambutol»

1
Comparative Analysis of Whole Genome Sequencing
Cited 46 times
To examine the potential analytical advantage of whole genome sequencing comparison was made with three commercial tests: (1) the Xpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid Inc., USA) which targets the rpoB gene for RMP resistance; (2) the LPA MTBDRplus for MDR-TB (Hain Lifescience, Germany) which targets rpoB, katG and inhA for resistance to RMP and INH; and (3) the LPA MTBDRsl (Hain Lifescience, Germany) which targets gyrA, rrs and embB for resistance to the fluoroquinolones (FLQ), aminoglycosides and ethambutol, respectively. In silico versions were developed based on the polymorphisms used by these assays and their performance compared to the whole genome mutation library. In particular, in silico analysis of the six datasets was performed and analytical sensitivities and specificities of the inferred resistance relative to the reported phenotype were compared (Figure 2, Additional file 1: Figures S3 and S4). KvarQ [35 (link)], a new tool that directly scans fastq files of bacterial genome sequences for known genetic polymorphisms, was run across all 792 samples using the MTBC test suite and default parameters. Sensitivity and specificity achieved by this method using phenotypic DST results as the reference standard were calculated.

Inferred analytical accuracies of the whole genome mutation library and three commercial molecular tests for resistance. In silico analysis of published sequence data using mutation libraries derived from XpertMTB/RIF (Cepheid Inc., USA) (purple), MTBDRsl (red) and MTBDRplus (orange) (Hain Life Sciences, Germany), and the curated whole genome library (blue). For each library in silico inferred resistance phenotypes were compared to reported phenotypes obtained from conventional drug susceptibility testing. Errors bars correspond to 95% confidence intervals. Abbreviations: AMK, amikacin; CAP, capreomycin; EMB, ethambutol; ETH, ethionamide; INH, Isoniazid; KAN, kanamycin; MDR, multi-drug resistance; MOX, moxifloxacin; OFX, ofloxacin; PZA, pyrazinamide; RMP, rifampicin; STR, streptomycin; XDR, extensive drug resistance.

Coll F., McNerney R., Preston M.D., Guerra-Assunção J.A., Warry A., Hill-Cawthorne G., Mallard K., Nair M., Miranda A., Alves A., Perdigão J., Viveiros M., Portugal I., Hasan Z., Hasan R., Glynn J.R., Martin N., Pain A, & Clark T.G. (2015). Rapid determination of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance from whole-genome sequences. Genome Medicine, 7(1), 51.
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Publication 2015
ADRB2 protein, human Amikacin Aminoglycosides Biological Assay Capreomycin DNA Library Ethambutol Ethionamide Fluoroquinolones Genes Genetic Polymorphism Genome, Bacterial Genomic Library INHA protein, human Isoniazid Kanamycin Moxifloxacin Multi-Drug Resistance Mutation Ofloxacin Phenotype Pyrazinamide Radionuclide Imaging Resistance, Drug Rifampin Sequence Analysis Streptomycin Susceptibility, Disease
2
Genomic Epidemiology of MDR-TB in China
Cited 30 times

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Publication 2016
Biological Assay Diagnosis DNA Ethambutol Genes Genome Genotype Isoniazid Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Mutation Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Resistance, Drug Rifampin Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Sputum Strains Streptomycin Susceptibility, Disease Tandem Repeat Sequences Tempeh Transmission, Communicable Disease Tuberculosis
3
Comprehensive Genomic Analysis of Global M. tuberculosis
Cited 28 times

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Publication 2015
Amikacin Capreomycin Cetrimonium Bromide Ciprofloxacin Communicable Diseases Cortex, Cerebral Ethambutol Gene Deletion Genome Insertion Mutation Isoniazid Kanamycin Moxifloxacin Mycobacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ofloxacin Pharmaceutical Preparations Phenotype Pyrazinamide Reconstructive Surgical Procedures Rifampin Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Streptomycin Susceptibility, Disease
4
Timing of ART Initiation in HIV-TB Co-infection
Cited 16 times
This was a prospective, open-label, randomized trial in South Africa. A total of 642 ambulatory patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV co-infection, aged 18 years or older, were enrolled after obtaining written informed consent.
Pulmonary tuberculosis was confirmed by acid fast bacilli smear positivity. HIV-infection was confirmed by two rapid HIV tests. All patients had a screening CD4+ count < 500 cells/mm3 and were initiated on a standard tuberculosis treatment regimen7 (link). All first episode tuberculosis patients were treated a fixed drug combination of rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol and pyrazinamide dosed according to pre-treatment weight for 2 months (intensive phase) with subsequent fixed-drug combination of isoniazid and rifampicin for 4 months (continuation phase) for all first episodes of tuberculosis. Patients with re-treatment tuberculosis received a 60 day intensive phase which includes streptomycin, followed by a 100 day continuation phase.
Details of the study methods have been previously reported 1 (link). The once daily antiretroviral therapy regimen contained enteric-coated didanosine (250mg if weight <60kg and 400mg if weight ≥60kg), lamivudine (300mg) and efavirenz (600mg). Antiretroviral therapy adherence was assessed monthly by pill counts. Notwithstanding their study group assignment, patients could be initiated on antiretroviral therapy at any time at the discretion of the study clinicians or their personal physicians.
The outcome of the sequential therapy group has been previously reported1 (link). This analysis comprises complete follow-up data on the 214 patients in the early integrated-therapy group (antiretroviral therapy to be initiated within 4 weeks of starting tuberculosis treatment) and the 215 patients in the late integrated-therapy group (antiretroviral therapy to be initiated within 4 weeks of completing the intensive phase of tuberculosis treatment). The details of the study methods and data on 18 months follow-up of all three study groups are provided in the supplementary appendix (Supplementary Tables 1–3).
All analyses were by intention-to-treat. The trial’s primary outcome, AIDS or death rate, was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curves. The duration of time in the study was calculated as the time from randomization to death or AIDS-defining illness, withdrawal from the study, or 18 months post randomization, whichever occurred first. Poisson approximations were used to calculate confidence intervals for the incidence rate ratios. Proportional-hazards regression was used to adjust for confounding variables. Fisher’s exact test was used for the analysis of categorical data, and unpaired t-tests or the Wilcoxon two-sample test for the analysis of continuous data. Interactions between therapy group and CD4+ count were evaluated by fitting a proportional hazards model with therapy group, CD4+ count and their interaction.
The trial (NCT00398996) was approved by the University of KwaZulu-Natal’s Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (E 107/05) and the Medicines Control Council (MCC ref: 20060157). Study data were reviewed periodically by a Safety Monitoring Committee.
Abdool Karim S.S., Naidoo K., Grobler A., Padayatchi N., Baxter C., Gray A.L., Gengiah T., Gengiah S., Naidoo A., Jithoo N., Nair G., El-Sadr W.M., Friedland G, & Abdool Karim Q. (2011). Integration of Antiretroviral Therapy with Tuberculosis Treatment. The New England journal of medicine, 365(16), 1492-1501.
Publication 2011
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Bacillus acidicola CD4+ Cell Counts Cells Contraceptives, Oral Didanosine Drug Combinations efavirenz Ethambutol Ethics Committees, Research Group Therapy HIV Infections Isoniazid Lamivudine Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Physicians Pyrazinamide Rifampin Safety Streptomycin Testing, AIDS Therapeutics Treatment Protocols Tuberculosis Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
5
Genotypic and Phenotypic Tuberculosis Drug Resistance
Cited 15 times
Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing was performed locally using MGIT 960
(Becton Dickinson, New Jersey, USA), 7H10 or Löwenstein-Jensen agar, or by
microscopic-observation drug- susceptibility (MODS), with method-specific
critical concentrations for isoniazid (MGIT 0.1-0.2μg/mL; Agar 0.2μg/mL;
MODS 0.4μg/mL), rifampicin (MGIT 1.0μg/mL; 40μg/mL Agar), ethambutol
(MGIT 5.0μg/mL; Agar 0.2μg/mL), and pyrazinamide (100μg/mL). Not all
laboratories routinely tested all agents (S1). Genotypic predictions were based
on mutations in, or upstream of, genes associated with resistance to isoniazid
(ahpC, inhA, fabG1, katG), rifampicin
(rpoB), ethambutol (embA, embB, embC), and
pyrazinamide (pncA).6 A
knowledgebase of mutations predicting antimicrobial resistance, or not, was
informed by (i) the molecular targets of WHO-recommended line-probe assays
(MTBDRplus, MTBDRsl v1.0, HAIN
Lifesciences, Germany), (ii) a systematic literature review,12 (iii) the CDC, Atlanta, USA, panel and
(iv) two recent studies, with no isolates in common with this study (S2),6,13 of which one became available after this study
commenced.13
Isolates containing resistance-mutations were predicted phenotypically resistant,
whereas isolates containing only wild-type sequence, phylogenetic
mutations,6 or mutations considered
consistent with susceptibility, were predicted susceptible. Predictions were
withheld for isolates containing mutations affecting target genes but of unknown
association, or where no nucleotide-call could be determined at a
resistance-associated site. In these circumstances, the genotype was reported
‘unknown’ or ‘failed’, respectively. Using phenotypic results as a
gold-standard, sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive value
were calculated for the correct assignment of susceptibility or resistance.
Primary analyses excluded phenotypes without a prediction.
Laboratory error was assumed where three or more phenotypes were discordant with
an isolate’s genotype, or where susceptible phenotypes were recorded despite the
presence of high-level resistance katG S315T mutations for
isoniazid, or rpoB S450L mutations for rifampicin.14 Such isolates were excluded from further
analysis.
Analysis was performed using STATA (Texas, USA, v13.1). No institutional review
board approval was required except in Thailand, it was granted through Mahidol
University (Si029/2557).
The study was first designed by TMW,TEAP,DWC, with subsequent contributions from
others (supplement). Data were gathered at participating centres. Initial
analysis was performed by TMW,TEAP,ASW,ZI,MH,SL,DW,PF,PM with later input from
others (supplement). TMW wrote the first draft. TMW vouches for the analysis and
had full access to the data; all authors agreed to publication.
DNA Sequencing Predicts 1st-Line Tuberculosis Drug Susceptibility Profiles. (2018). The New England Journal of Medicine, 379(15), 1403-1415.
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Publication 2018
Agar Biological Assay Dietary Supplements Ethambutol Genes Genotype Hypersensitivity INHA protein, human Isoniazid Microbicides Molecular Probes Multiple Organ Failure Mutation Nucleotides Pharmaceutical Preparations Phenotype Pyrazinamide Rifampin Susceptibility, Disease

Most recents protocols related to «Ethambutol»

1
Drug Susceptibility Testing for Tuberculosis
Clinical specimens from suspected TB patients were collected for preparing an acid-fast bacillus smear, and culture.[8 ] Species identification was performed using p-nitrobenzoic acid, and 2-thiophene carboxylic acid hydrazide testing. Patients with Nontuberculosis mycobacteria infection were excluded. DST for TB strains was performed using the proportion method on Löwenstein–Jensen medium, with the following concentrations of anti-TB drugs: rifampicin (RFP), 40 μg/mL; isoniazid (INH), 0.2 μg/mL; streptomycin, 4.0 μg/mL; ethambutol, 2.0 μg/mL; levofloxacin, 2.0 μg/mL; amikacin, 30.0 μg/mL; capreomycin, 40.0 μg/mL. TB strains were deemed to be resistant to a specific drug when the growth rate was ≥1% of that of the control. The standard strain H37Rv was used as an internal quality control and included for each batch of culture.
Zhang H., Yang J., Zhang Z., Hu K., Wu P., Zhang H., Li J., Li M, & Wang X. (2023). Patterns and trends of primary drug-resistant tuberculosis in Chongqing, China, from 2012 to 2020. Medicine, 102(10), e33230.
Publication 2023
2-thiophene carboxylic acid 4-nitrobenzoic acid Acids Amikacin Bacillus Batch Cell Culture Techniques Capreomycin Ethambutol Hydrazide Levofloxacin Mycobacterium Infections Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Rifampin Strains Streptomycin
2
Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiling Protocol
Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using Middlebrook 7H11 agar media. The critical concentrations of each drug were listed below: Rifampicin (RFP) 1 μg/mL, Isoniazid (INH) 0.1 μg/mL, Ethambutol (EMB) 7.5 μg/mL, Streptomycin (SM) 2 μg/mL, Fluoroquinolone (FQ) 1 μg/mL. The positive culture was diluted to 103 CFU/mL with Middlebrook 7H11 agar media and added to the drug plate. The results were reported after incubation at 37°C for 10–21 days.
Yang H., Li A., Dang L., Kang T., Ren F., Ma J., Zhou Y., Yang Y., Lei J, & Zhang T. (2023). A rapid, accurate, and low-cost method for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its drug-resistant genes in pulmonary tuberculosis: Applications of MassARRAY DNA mass spectrometry. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, 1093745.
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Publication 2023
Agar Antibiotics Ethambutol Fluoroquinolones Pharmaceutical Preparations Rifampin Streptomycin Susceptibility, Disease
3
Prevalence of Active Tuberculosis in People Living with HIV
On enrollment and at subsequent visits every 6 months, PLWH completed a physical examination, medical history, sociodemographic questionnaire, TB symptom screening, and phlebotomy. Participants were classified as having a history of TB if they had a TB diagnostic WHO code abstracted from their medical records before enrollment. Demographic variables collected include sex, age, marital status, education, employment status, number of residents in household, year of enrollment (dichotomized into before vs after 2017 to reflect the time of PEPFAR program wide scale-up of isoniazid preventive therapy), and clinical site. HIV-specific variables included antiretroviral therapy (ART) use (yes, no) and regimen abstracted from medical records, self-reported ART adherence in the past month (no missed ART doses, missed ≥ 1 doses), duration on ART, length of time in HIV clinical care, length of time since HIV diagnosis, CD4 count (<200 cells/mm3, ≥ 200 cells/mm3), VL (on ART for less than 6 months, on ART for 6 or more months and VL <1000 copies/mL and on ART for 6 or more months and VL ≥1000 copies/mL), TB diagnosis method (bacteriological, clinical), hyperglycemia, and body mass index (BMI). Additional variables included in the analysis were substance use and incarceration status. Definitions and categorizations of analytic variables not specified here have been previously described and summarized in Table S1, Supplemental Digital Content, http://links.lww.com/QAI/C13.13 (link)Active TB was defined as meeting one of the following criteria: (1) bacteriologically confirmed through smear microscopy, culture, or WHO-approved rapid diagnostics (including GeneXpert MTB/RIF), (2) clinically indicated and having initiated combination therapy for active TB in the absence of bacteriological confirmation, or (3) identified by medical record abstraction within 3 months of enrollment. Participants were considered to be on combination therapy for active TB at enrollment if they were receiving (1) rifampicin (RIF), isoniazid (INH), ethambutol, and pyrazinamide or (2) INH and RIF for the final 4 months of treatment for active TB. Participants solely prescribed INH-based TB regimens were considered to be on preventative therapy.
We determined TB prevalence at entry or within 3 months of enrollment into AFRICOS, counting (1) previous diagnoses (those receiving continued combination TB therapy); (2) diagnoses made because of initial testing on entry into the cohort and within 3 months of enrollment; and (3) diagnosis based on WHO or ICD-10 codes in medical records at entry or within 3 months of enrollment.
Ganesan K., Mwesigwa R., Dear N., Esber A.L., Reed D., Kibuuka H., Iroezindu M., Bahemana E., Owuoth J., Singoei V., Maswai J., Parikh A.P., Crowell T.A., Ake J.A., Polyak C.S., Shah N, & Cavanaugh J.S. (2023). Epidemiology of Tuberculosis Among People Living With HIV in the African Cohort Study From 2013 to 2021. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999), 92(5), 359-369.
Publication 2023
CD4+ Cell Counts Cells Combined Modality Therapy Diagnosis dioctadecylamidospermine Ethambutol Households Hyperglycemia Index, Body Mass Isoniazid Microscopy Phlebotomy Physical Examination Pyrazinamide Rapid Diagnostic Tests Rifampin Substance Use Therapeutics Treatment Protocols
4
Diagnosis and Treatment of Adrenal Disorders
The diagnosis of autoimmune PAI was made on the basis of normal, atrophic adrenal glands without calcification and an absence of evidence of current or previous tuberculosis. 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) antibodies were measured in all suspected patients. AH was diagnosed by findings of enlarged adrenal glands on radiology and demonstration of Histoplasma by staining and/or culture of adrenal tissue. Diagnosis of AT was made by the findings of enlarged adrenal glands, granulomas on histology and positive culture or genetic testing for M tuberculosis. Where adrenal biopsy or FNA was not feasible (n = 3) or non-diagnostic (n = 3), AT was diagnosed by a response to anti-tuberculous drugs with resolution of fever and toxemia or documentary evidence of current or previous tuberculosis at other sites. Four patients (4.5%) with enlarged glands could not be classified.
Patients with AH were treated with oral itraconazole (600 mg/day for 3 days, followed by 400 mg/day), with or without parenteral amphotericin B, according to guidelines (20 (link)). Itraconazole was continued for a period of 12–18 months. Patients with AT were treated with four drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol) for 2 months followed by isoniazid and rifampicin for a further 4 months. All patients received physiological doses of glucocorticoids (prednisolone (82 patients, dose 2.5–5 mg/day in two divided doses) and hydrocortisone (7 patients,15–25 mg/day in three divided doses)) and fludrocortisone (50–125 µg/day). The dose of prednisolone or hydrocortisone was doubled for the duration of rifampicin use, which is known to induce acceleration of cortisol metabolism. Advice on stress dosing was provided at every visit.
Gunna S., Singh M., Pandey R., Marak R.S., Aggarwal A., Mohanta B., Yu L, & Bhatia E. (2023). Etiology, clinical characteristics and mortality among Indian patients with Addison’s disease. Endocrine Connections, 12(3), e220439.
Publication 2023
Acceleration Adrenal Glands Amphotericin B Antibodies Atrophy Biopsy Calcinosis Drug Fever Ethambutol Fludrocortisone Glucocorticoids Granuloma Histoplasma Hydrocortisone Isoniazid Itraconazole Metabolism Mycobacterium tuberculosis Parenteral Nutrition Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations physiology Prednisolone Pyrazinamide Rifampin Steroid 21-Monooxygenase Tissues Toxemia Tuberculosis X-Rays, Diagnostic
5
Tuberculosis Recurrence Definitions
TB recurrence was defined as a patient who was cured or completed treatment during the most recent course of treatment and then was re-diagnosed with a new TB episode [World Health Organization (WHO), 2013 ]. Reinfection was defined as a recurrent disease episode caused by a new TB strain with a genetic distance of more than 12 SNPs compared with the strain that caused the original episode. Relapse was defined as a genetic distance of 12 or fewer SNPs between paired strains isolated from two episodes in TB recurrence (Li et al., 2022 (link)). The recurrent interval was defined as the time interval between the recorded end date of the initial TB treatment and the date of the re-diagnosis of active TB (Ruan et al., 2022 (link)). Based on the phenotypic drug susceptibility testing, Pan-Susceptible was defined as MTB strains that were susceptible to all anti-TB drugs tested in this study (including rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, streptomycin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, kanamycin and amikacin), whereas Drug-resistant was defined as MTB strains that were resistant to at least one of these anti-TB drugs but not include the concurrent resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid. MDR-TB was defined as MTB resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin. Pre-XDR-TB was defined as MDR-TB with additional resistance to any fluoroquinolones (moxifloxacin or ofloxacin) or any second-line injectable drugs (amikacin or kanamycin), but not both. XDR-TB was defined as MDR-TB with additional resistance to any fluoroquinolones and any second-line injectable drugs.
He W., Tan Y., Song Z., Liu B., Wang Y., He P., Xia H., Huang F., Liu C., Zheng H., Pei S., Liu D., Ma A., Cao X., Zhao B., Ou X., Wang S, & Zhao Y. (2023). Endogenous relapse and exogenous reinfection in recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis: A retrospective study revealed by whole genome sequencing. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, 1115295.
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Publication 2023
Amikacin Diagnosis Ethambutol Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Fluoroquinolones Isoniazid Kanamycin Moxifloxacin Ofloxacin Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Phenotype Reinfection Relapse Reproduction Rifampin Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Strains Streptomycin Susceptibility, Disease

Top products related to «Ethambutol»

1
Ethambutol by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Japan
Ethambutol is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a chemical compound with the formula C10H24N2O2. Ethambutol is used in laboratory settings for various research and analytical applications.
2
Isoniazid by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Poland, Sao Tome and Principe, India
Isoniazid is a chemical compound used as a laboratory reagent. It functions as an analytical standard for the identification and quantification of isoniazid in various samples. The compound is widely utilized in analytical chemistry and pharmaceutical research applications.
3
Rifampicin by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, France, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Macao, Sao Tome and Principe, Ireland, India, Australia, Sweden, China, Italy, Spain, Czechia, Netherlands
Rifampicin is a lab equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications and research purposes.
4
Streptomycin by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, France, China, Macao, Poland, Switzerland, Spain, Sao Tome and Principe, Japan, Brazil, Canada, Australia, Belgium, Austria, Netherlands, Israel, India, Sweden, Denmark, Ireland, Czechia, Norway, Gabon, Argentina, Portugal, Hungary, Holy See (Vatican City State), Mexico, Ukraine, Slovakia
Streptomycin is a laboratory product manufactured by Merck Group. It is an antibiotic used in research applications.
5
Mgit 960 system by BD
Sourced in United States
The MGIT 960 system is a fully automated, high-throughput diagnostic instrument designed for the detection and identification of mycobacteria from clinical specimens. The system utilizes fluorescent technology to monitor the growth of mycobacteria in liquid culture, providing a rapid and efficient method for the diagnosis of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections.
6
Bactec mgit 960 system by BD
Sourced in United States, Cameroon, China, Germany
The BACTEC MGIT 960 system is a fully automated mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) system designed for the detection and identification of mycobacteria in clinical specimens. The system utilizes fluorescent technology to continuously monitor for bacterial growth in liquid culture media.
7
Bactec mgit 960 by BD
Sourced in United States, Germany
The BACTEC MGIT 960 is a fully automated mycobacterial detection system that utilizes liquid culture technology to facilitate the rapid detection of mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in clinical specimens. The system employs fluorescence-based technology to continuously monitor the growth of mycobacteria in culture tubes, providing timely and accurate results.
8
Pyrazinamide by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom
Pyrazinamide is a chemical compound used in laboratory settings. It functions as an antibiotic agent.
9
Mgit 960 by BD
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Spain
The MGIT 960 is a laboratory instrument designed for the automated detection and identification of mycobacteria in clinical samples. It utilizes liquid culture technology to rapidly detect the presence of mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in a controlled and efficient manner.
10
Xpert mtb rif by Cepheid
Sourced in United States, Germany
The Xpert MTB/RIF is a molecular diagnostic test developed by Cepheid. It is designed to detect the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and identify resistance to the antibiotic rifampicin (RIF) directly from sputum samples. The test utilizes real-time PCR technology to provide rapid and accurate results.

More about "Ethambutol"

Ethambutol is a critical first-line antituberculosis medication used to treat tuberculosis (TB) infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
It works by inhibiting the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall, preventing the growth and spread of the tuberculosis pathogen.
Ethambutol is typically administered in combination with other antitubercular agents like Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Streptomycin, and Pyrazinamide to enhance efficacy and prevent the development of drug resistance.
This combination therapy is known as HRZE (Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol) and is the standard treatment regimen for TB.
Clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of Ethambutol in treating both pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, making it a crucial component of standard TB treatment protocols.
Researchers can leverage PubCompare.ai's AI-powered platform to optimize their Ethambutol research, locating the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, while driving accurate comparisons to enhance reproducibility and accuracy.
This can help drive breakthroughs in TB treatment and control.
The BACTEC MGIT 960 system is a widely used automated mycobacterial culture system that can detect the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and determine drug susceptibility, including to Ethambutol.
The Xpert MTB/RIF assay is another rapid molecular test that can simultaneously detect TB and rifampicin resistance, aiding in the timely diagnosis and management of TB cases.
By harnessing the power of PubCompare.ai's tools, researchers can take their Ethambutol studies to the next level, unlocking new insights and driving progress in the fight against this deadly infectious disease.