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Ethyl acetate

Ethyl acetate is a commonly used solvent in various chemical and pharmaceutical applications.
It is a colorless, volatile liquid with a characteristic fruity odor.
Ethyl acetate is widely employed as a reagent, solvent, and extraction agent in organic synthesis, analytical chemistry, and numerous industrial processes.
Its versatility stems from its ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds while being relatively non-toxic and environmentally friendly.
Researchers and chemists often rely on optimized protocols and procedures for the use of ethyl acetate to ensure reproducibility and accuracy in their work.
PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven platform, can assist in locating and comparing ethyl acetate protocols from academic literature, preprints, and patents, thereby streamlining the research workflow and helping scientists find the best ethyl acetate protocols for their needs.

Most cited protocols related to «Ethyl acetate»

Phytochemical Profiling of Acacia nilotica Pods

Cited 24 times

Plant collection and identification. Fresh pods of A. nilotica were collected in June 2008 from Potiskum, Yobe State, Nigeria. The pods were identified by a taxonomist in Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria. The pods were air dried for three weeks under the shade and ground into fine powder.
Preparation of aqueous extract. Three hundred and fifty grams (350 g) of the powdered extract sample were exhaustively extracted with distilled water using reflux method. The crude aqueous extract was concentrated in vacuo and a brown colored extract weighing two hundred and sixty three grams (263 g) w/w was obtained. It was thereafter stored in a refrigerator at 4 ˚C until used.⁴Fractionation of the aqueous pod extract. The method used for fractionation of A. nilotica pod powder has already been reported.^{5 (link)}^,⁶ The crude aqueous pod extract was suspended in cold distilled water and then filtered using Whatman filter paper. The filtrate was thereafter subjected to fractionation using, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The fractionation with the organic solvents of different polarity was done until the organic layers were visibly clear to obtain ethyl acetate (58 g), n-butanol (25 g) soluble fractions and the residue (180 g). The product did not dissolve in chloroform, hence no product was obtained as shown in Fig. 1.
Phytochemicalanalysis of theextracts of A.nilotica. The aqueous extract and ethyl acetate, N-butanol and residual fractions of A. nilotica extracts were subjected to qualitative chemical screening for identification of various classes of active chemical constituents.⁷^,⁹Test for tannins (Ferric chloride test). Two millilitres (2 mL) of the aqueous solution of the extract were added to a few drops of 10% Ferric chloride solution (light yellow). The occurrence of blackish blue colour showed the presence of gallic tannins and a green-blackish colour indicated presence of catechol tannins.
Test for saponins (Frothing Test). Three millilitres (3 mL) of the aqueous solution of the extract were mixed with 10 mL of distilled water in a test-tube. The test-tube was stoppered and shaken vigorously for about 5 min, it was allowed to stand for 30 min and observed for honeycomb froth, which was indicative of the presence of saponins.
Test for alkaloids. One gram (1 g) of the extract was dissolved in 5 mL of 10% ammonia solution and extracted with 15 mL of chloroform. The chloroform portion was evaporated to dryness and the resultant residue dissolved in 15 mL of dilute sulphuric acid. One quarter of the solution was used for the general alkaloid test while the remaining solution was used for specific tests.
Mayer’s reagent (Bertrand’s reagent). Drops of Mayer’s reagent was added to a portion of the acidic solution in a test tube and observed for an opalescence or yellowish precipitate indicative of the presence of alkaloids.
Dragendorff’s reagent. Two millilitres (2 mL) of acidic solution in the second test-tube were neutralized with 10% ammonia solution. Dragendorff’s reagent was added and turbidity or precipitate was observed as indicative of presence of alkaloids.
Tests for carbohydrate (Molisch’s test). A few drops of Molischs solution was added to 2 mL of aqueous solution of the extract, thereafter a small volume of concentrated sulphuric acid was allowed to run down the side of the test tube to form a layer without shaking. The interface was observed for a purple colour as indicative of positive for carbohydrates.
Testsforcarbohydrate (Barfoed’stest). One milliliter (1 mL) of aqueous solution of the extract and 1ml of Barfoed’s reagent were added into a test-tube, heated in a water bath for about 2 min. Red precipitate showed the presence of monosaccharaides.
Standard test for combined reducing sugars. One milliliter (1 mL) of the aqueous solution of the extract was hydrolyzed by boiling with 5 mL of dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl). This was neutralized with sodium hydroxide solution. The Fehling’s test was repeated as indicated above and the tube was observed for brick-red precipitate that indicated the presence of combine reducing sugars.
StandardtestforfreereducingSugar (Fehling’stest). Two milliliters (2 mL) of the aqueous solution of the extract in a test tube was added into 5 mL mixture of equal volumes of Fehling’s solutions I and II and boiled in a water bath for about 2 min. The brick-red precipitate was indicative of the presence of reducing sugars.
Test for ketones. Two millilitres (2 mL) of aqueous solution of the extract were added to a few crystals of resorcinol and an equal volume of concentrated HCl, and then heated over a spirit lamp flame and observed for a rose colouration that showed the presence of ketones.
Testforpentoses. Two millilitres (2 mL) of the aqueous solution of the extract were added into an equal volume of concentrated HCl containing little phloroglucinol. This is heated over a spirit lamp flame and observed for red colouration as indicative of the presence of pentoses.
Test for phlobatannins (HCl test). Two millilitres (2 mL) of the aqueous solution of the extract were added into dilute HCl and observed for red precipitate that was indicative the presence of phlobatannins.
Test for cardiac glycosides. Two millilitres (2 mL) of the aqueous solution of the extract was added into 3 drops of strong solution of lead acetate. This was mixed thoroughly and filtered. The filtrate was shaken with 5 mL of chloroform in a separating funnel. The chloroform layer was evaporated to dryness in a small evaporating dish. The residue was dissolved in a glacial acetic acid containing a trace of ferric chloride; this was transferred to the surface of 2 mL concentrated sulphuric acid in a test tube. The upper layer and interface of the two layers were observed for bluish-green and reddish-brown colouration respectively as indicative of the presence of cardiac glycosides.
Test for steroids (Liebermann-Burchard’s test). The amount of 0.5 g of the extract was dissolved in 10 mL anhydrous chloroform and filtered. The solution was divided into two equal portions for the following tests. The first portion of the solution above was mixed with one ml of acetic anhydride followed by the addition of 1 mL of concentrated sulphuric acid down the side of the test tube to form a layer underneath. The test tube was observed for green colouration as indicative of steroids.
Test for steroids (Salkowski’s test). The second portion of solution above was mixed with concentrated sulphuric acid carefully so that the acid formed a lower layer and the interface was observed for a reddish-brown colour indicative of steroid ring.
Test for flavonoids (Shibita’s reaction test). One gram (1 g) of the water extract was dissolved in methanol (50%, 1-2 mL) by heating, then metal magnesium and 5 - 6 drops of concentrated HCl were added. The solution when red was indicative of flavonols and orange for flavones.
Testforflavonoids (pew’stest). Five millilitres (5 mL) of the aqueous solution of the water extract was mixed with 0.1 g of metallic zinc and 8ml of concentrated sulphuric acid. The mixture was observed for red colour as indicative of flavonols.
Test for anthraquinones (Borntrager’s reaction for free anthraquinones). One gram (1 g) of the powdered seed was placed in a dry test tube and 20 mL of chloroform was added. This was heated in steam bath for 5 min. The extract was filtered while hot and allowed to cool. To the filtrate was added with an equal volume of 10% ammonia solution. This was shaken and the upper aqueous layer was observed for bright pink colouration as indicative of the presence of Anthraquinones. Control test were done by adding 10 mL of 10 % ammonia solution in 5ml chloroform in a test tube.
Elemental analysis. The elemental content was determined using the standard calibration curve method.^{10 (link)}^,^{11 (link)} Zero point (0.5 g) of air dried sample in an evaporating dish was placed in an oven at 80 ˚C and dried to a constant weight. The sample was placed in a weighing crucible and ashed at 500 ˚C in a hot spot furnance for three hours. The ashed material was prepared for the determination of trace element. A portion of zero point (0.5 g) of the ashed sample was digested by heating for two min with a mixture of 10 mL each of nitric acid (HNO₃), HCl and a perechloric acid in a 500 mL flask. The aliquot obtained from this mixture by filtration was mixed with a 10 mL of 2M HNO₃ and 30 mL of distilled water in a 100 mL volumetric flask. The volume was made up to zero mark with distilled water. Blank sample and standard solution for the various elements were similarly done. All samples placed in a plastic container and stored in a refrigerator maintained at 4 ˚C prior to analysis. Flame emission spectrometer (Model FGA-330L; Gallenkamp, Weiss, UK) was used to determine sodium (Na) and potassium (K) concentrations. Other elements, magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and arsenic (As) were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry with (Model SPG No. 1; Unicam, Cambridge, UK) at the appropriate wave-length, temperature and lamp current for each element.¹²

Auwal M.S., Saka S., Mairiga I.A., Sanda K.A., Shuaibu A, & Ibrahim A. (2014). Preliminary phytochemical and elemental analysis of aqueous and fractionated pod extracts of Acacia nilotica (Thorn mimosa). Veterinary Research Forum : an International Quarterly Journal, 5(2), 95-100.

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Publication 2014

Synthesis of Chain Transfer Agent ECT

Cited 20 times

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Publication 2008

1H NMR Acids Anabolism Carbon disulfide Chromatography Disulfides ethanethiol ethyl acetate Ethyl Ether Filtration Hexanes Iodine Polymerization Silica Gel Sodium sodium hydride sodium sulfate sodium thiosulfate Solvents trithiocarbonate

Comprehensive Analysis of E-Cigarette Fluids

Cited 20 times

We assumed that meaningful conclusions could be obtained by analysing 30 products. The e-cigarette fluids examined were selected from a vast and rapidly changing array of products. BLU and NJOY, two brands of disposable-cartridge e-cigarettes, were purchased in five flavours: tobacco, menthol, vanilla, cherry and coffee. Also purchased in the same flavours (from online retailers and local ‘vape’ shops in Portland, Oregon) were refill bottles for tank systems. Refill bottles in five other confectionary flavours (chocolate/cocoa, grape, apple, cotton candy and bubble gum) were also purchased. After dilution with methanol, the fluids were analysed by GC/MS. Using internal standard-based calibration procedures similar to those described elsewhere,16 (link) analyses were performed using an Agilent (Santa Clara, California, USA) 7693 autosampler, Agilent 7890A GC and Agilent 5975C MS. The GC column type was Agilent DB-5MS UI, of 30 m length, 0.25 mm id and 0.25 mm film thickness. For each replicate sample, ∼50 mg of each fluid was dissolved in 1 mL of methanol. One microlitre of the methanol solution was then injected on the GC with a 25:1 split. The GC temperature programme for all analyses was: 35°C hold for 5 min; 10°C/min to 300°C; then hold for 3.5 min at 300°C. No analyses of aerosols generated from the fluids were carried out.
Qualitative analyses of the 30 e-cigarette fluids were first carried out here using the NIST 14 MS library,17 and the results were compared with data previously obtained for flavoured tobacco products.16 (link) Quantitative analyses of the 30 fluids were then undertaken, using authentic standards, for a specific list of compounds, which formed the ‘target analyte list’. If reported here, the presence of each target analyte was confirmed by matching GC retention times and MS patterns with results obtained with the authentic standards; the level was determined by comparison with calibration standard runs. The target analyte list included the 70 compounds listed in Brown et al16 (link) plus 20 others, namely aromadendrene, 1,4-cineol, trans-cinnamaldehyde, citronellal, citronellyl propionate, coumarin, decanal, ethyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, fenchol, limonene oxide, trans-linalyl propionate, maltol, 3′-methylacetophenone, neomenthol, 2-nonanone, pentyl propionate, pulegone, γ-terpineol and 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine. The vicinal diketone compounds diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione were not in the target analyte list.

Tierney P.A., Karpinski C.D., Brown J.E., Luo W, & Pankow J.F. (2015). Flavour chemicals in electronic cigarette fluids. Tobacco Control, 25(e1), e10-e15.

Publication 2015

2-nonanone 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-yl propionate Aerosols aromadendrene Cacao Candy cDNA Library cinnamic aldehyde citronellal Coffee coumarin decanal Diacetyl DNA Replication ethyl acetate ethyl caproate Eucalyptol fenchol Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Gossypium Grapes limonene oxide maltol Menthol Methanol Propionate Prunus cerasus pulegone Retention (Psychology) Technique, Dilution tetramethylpyrazine Tobacco Products Vanilla VAPE protocol

Cortisol Extraction and ELISA Protocol

Cited 20 times

Larvae were immobilized in ice-cold water and a group of 30 larvae were collected as one sample. After excess water has been removed, the samples were frozen in ethanol (EtOH)/dry-ice bath. Homogenization of the samples was performed with a pellet mixer (VWR International) for 20 seconds. Ethyl acetate was added to homogenate, the supernatant was collected and vaporized. Cortisol was dissolved in 0.2% Bovine serum albumin (A7030, Sigma) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and frozen.
For cortisol ELISA, the minimum cortisol antibody coating time was first determined by the signal-to-noise ratio calculated from wells coated for 1, 3, 6, 16, 24 or 40 hours. For all the other cortisol ELISA experiments, 96-well plates (VWR International) were coated for 16 hours at 4°C with cortisol antibody (P01-92-94M-P, EastCoast Bio) solution (1.6 g/mL in PBS), washed and blocked with 0.1% BSA in PBS. Cortisol samples and cortisol-HRP (P91-92-91H, EastCoast Bio) were incubated at room temperature for 2 hours and washed extensively with PBS containing 0.05% Tween-20 (Roth). Color reactions were performed using Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB:22166-1, Biomol) and Tetrabutylammonium borohydride (TBABH: 230170-10G, Sigma) and stopped using 1M H₂SO₄. For calculating the pH-dependency of the color reaction, diluted HRP with TMB substrate was incubated for 10 minutes at room temperature at different pH levels and read immediately after ending the reaction. Absorbance at 450 nm was read in ELISA plate reader (Multiskan Ascent Microplate Photometer, Thermo Scientific). Comparisons with commercial kits were carried out using Cortisol ELISA Kit (RE52611, IBL International). A detailed step-by-step protocol (Table S1) as well as recipes for all the solutions and stock reagents for the cortisol extraction and ELISA (Table S2) are provided.

Yeh C.M., Glöck M, & Ryu S. (2013). An Optimized Whole-Body Cortisol Quantification Method for Assessing Stress Levels in Larval Zebrafish. PLoS ONE, 8(11), e79406.

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Publication 2013

3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine Bath Cold Temperature Dry Ice Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Ethanol ethyl acetate Freezing Hydrocortisone Ice Immunoglobulins Larva Neoplasm Metastasis Phosphates Saline Solution Serum Albumin, Bovine tetrabutylammonium borohydride Tween 20

Phytochemical and Biological Evaluation of Echinops wallichii

Cited 19 times

Plant materialThe roots of E. wallichii were collected from Mushkpuri tract, Nathia Gali, N.W.F.P. Pakistan in July 2008. The plant was identified by taxonomist Dr Rizwana Aleem Qureshi, Associate Professor, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan with reference to “Flora of Pakistan” and comparing with already identified herbarium sheets preserved in the herbarium. A voucher specimen (Specimen No. 125755) was deposited in ISL Herbarium, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad Pakistan.
Extraction and fractionationFresh roots of the E. wallichii were washed, sliced and dried under shade and ground. The root extract was prepared in analytical grade methanol (5 kg in 12 L) for 72 h, then methanol was removed and residue was immersed in methanol for further five days. Thereafter, the methanol was decanted and filtered with filter paper. The filtrate was subsequently concentrated under reduced pressure at 45°C in rotary evaporator (Rotavapor R-200 Buchi, Switzerland) and dried to a constant weight (700 gram) in vacuum oven at 45°C (Vacucell, Einrichtungen GmbH). This was called crude methanolic root extract (CME).
The CME was then subjected to fractionation, where 230 g of CME was suspended in 200 mL of distilled water. This aqueous suspension was further subjected to solvent-solvent extraction for five fractions, namely; n-Hexane Fraction (NHF), n-Butanol Fraction (NBF), Chloroform Fraction (CHF), Ethyl acetate Fraction (EAF) and aqueous Fraction (AQF). The overall fractionation procedure is given in flowchart diagram (Figure 4).
Biological activitiesDetermination of antioxidant activityThe free radical scavenging activity was measured by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl free radical (DPPH) assay. DPPH assay was performed according to the procedure described by Kulisic et al. (10 ) modified by Obeid et al. (11 (link)). DPPH solution was prepared by dissolving 3.2 mg DPPH in 100 mL of 82% methanol. 2800 μL of DPPH solution was added to glass vials followed by the addition of 200 μL of CME solution in Methanol; leading to the final concentration of 100 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, 25 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, 5 μg/mL, 2 μg/mL and 1 μg/mL. Mixtures were shaken well and kept in dark at controlled room temperature (25°C-28°C) for one hour. Absorbance was measured at 517 nm by using spectrophotometer (DAD 8453, Agilent). Methanol (82%) was used as blank while mixture of 200 μL of methanol and 2800 μL of DPPH solutions were taken as negative control. Ascorbic acid was used as positive control. Each test was performed in triplicates and percentage inhibition was measured according to formula given below and IC₅₀ values were calculated by graphical method.
Scavenging effect (%) = [(Ac-As)/Ac] x100
Where “Ac” means Absorbance of negative control and “As” means Absorbance of test sample. In order to determine the antioxidant activity of different fractions the same procedure was then repeated with all of the fractions i.e. NBF, NHF, EAF and AQF.
DNA protection assayTo study the effects of CME and its fractions on plasmid DNA the procedure of Tian and Hua (12 ), modified by Nawaz et al. (13 ) was adopted. The reaction was conducted in an Eppendorf tube at a total volume of 15 μL containing following components; 0.5 μg pBR322 DNA suspended in 3 μL of 50mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), 3 μL of 2 mM FeSO₄, 5 μL of tested samples (CME and its fractions) and 4 μL of 30% H₂O₂. Resulting mixture was incubated at 37°C for 1 h and was subjected to 1% agarose gel electrophoresis for 1 h at 100 volts. DNA bands (supercoiled, linear, and open circular) were stained with ethidium bromide and were qualitatively analyzed by scanning with Doc-IT computer program (VWR). Evaluations of antioxidant or prooxidant effects on DNA were based on the increase or loss percentage of supercoiled monomer, compared with the control value. To avoid the effects of photoexcitation of samples, experiments were done in the dark and untreated supercoiled DNA, supercoiled DNA treated with 2 mM FeSO₄, supercoiled DNA treated with 30% H₂O₂ and supercoiled DNA treated with 2 mM FeSO₄ + 30% H₂O₂ were used as control along with the test samples.
Cytotoxic activity by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assayThe human cancer cell lines H157 (lung carcinoma) and HT144 (malignant melanoma) were cultured in RPMI1640 media (Gibco BRL, Life Technologies, Inc) supplemented with 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum in a humidified incubator at 37°C with 5% CO₂. The cells were subcultured approximately once every four days by 98% trypsin EDTA solution (pH 7.2). Growth inhibition of H157 and HT144 cells was determined by using the modified SRB assay as described by Skehan et al. (14 (link)). Briefly, cells were seeded at a density of 5×10³ cells/well in 96-well plates. After 24 h, serial dilutions of samples (CME and fractions) and standard drug (Methotrexate) solutions were added for each concentration. The cells were exposed to test samples and drugs for continuous 72 h. For cell fixation, the culture medium was removed and trichloroacetic acid (50%, 100 μL) was added in each plate. Then the plates were air-dried and 0.4% SRB (sigma) in 1% acetic acid was added for 30 min and unbound dye was washed out with 1% acetic acid. After air-drying, SRB dye within cells were dissolved with 100 μL solution of tris-base 10mM (pH 10.5). The optical density of the extracted SRB dye was measured with a microplate reader (Platos R 496) at 490nm. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of the test drugs was calculated using a Probit analysis program. Chemosensitivity of H157 and HT144 cells transfected with control vector was determined by SRB assay as described above.
Phytochemical analysis The crude methanol extract and its fractions were screened phytochemically for the presence of tannins, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, steriods phlobatannins, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides by standard methods of phytochemical analysis (15 -19 ). For total flavonoid determination ammonium chloride chlorimetric method was used (20 ). The total phenolic contents were determined according to Velioglu et al. (21 ) method and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent was used.

Ul-Haq I., Ullah N., Bibi G., Kanwal S., Sheeraz Ahmad M, & Mirza B. (2012). Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities and Phytochemical Analysis of Euphorbia wallichii Root Extract and its Fractions. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR, 11(1), 241-249.

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Publication 2012

Most recents protocols related to «Ethyl acetate»

Silica Gel Column Chromatography for Psychotria vogeliana

Not available on PMC !

Chromatographic columns, which had an inner diameter of 2.5 cm and a height of 50 cm, was the separation technique employed. To maintain the silica gel inside the column, a layer of glass wool was placed into the base of the column. After that, a gel-like solution was created by combining 70 grammes of silica gel with 150 millilitres of ethyl acetate and stirring. A packed bed column was determined to have a length to diameter ratio larger than 10, which might result in an elevation of up to 30 cm. The length to diameter of our column is 12 with a diameter of 2.5 cm. The ethyl acetate solution was combined with samples of reflux ethanol extracts (Psychotria vogeliana) that

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Oregano Seed Extraction and Fractionation

The ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of oregano seed used in the experiment were prepared in the same manner as in the research method by Lee et al. (2021 (link)). Ethanol (80%) per 100 g of oregano seed (Turkey) was added 15 times and mixed for 6 h. The solid was then filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure, and freeze‐dried to prepare an ethanol extract. The freeze‐dried ethanol extract was fractionated in the order of hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water to prepare the ethyl acetate fraction of the oregano seed.

Lee H., Bae J., Park K.W, & Kim M. (2024). Ethyl acetate fraction of oregano seed protects non‐alcoholic fatty liver in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice through modulation of Srebp‐1c. Food Science & Nutrition, 12(4), 2578-2587.

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Extraction and Fractionation of Z. monophyllum

Not available on PMC !

Dried rhizomes of Z. monophyllum (4.5 kg) were crushed into coarse powder, and extracted with methanol (5 times, 6.0 L each) at room temperature. The combined methanol extracts were concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue that was suspended in water and partitioned successively with hexane and ethyl acetate (EtOAc). The crude extracts were stored in a refrigerator (4 °C) to future analyses.

Giang L.Đ., Tran-Trung H., Thuy P.T., An N.T.G., Nguyen H.T., Nguyen T.H., Nguyen D., Anh N.V., Chen T.V., Ha N.X., & Duc D.X. (2024). Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of Ethyl Acetate Fractionated Extract from Rhizomes of Zingiber monophyllum Gagnep.: In vitro and in silico Screenings. Natural Product Communications, 19(5).

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Ethyl Acetate Extract Separation

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The ethyl acetate extract is dissolved in a mixture of chloroform and water (1:1 v/v) until a layer is formed. The bottom layer was dripped onto the drip plate, and Liebermann-Burchard reagent was added.

Yulianti H., Santoni A., & Efdi M. (2024). Isolation and Characterization of Cholest-5-en-3-ol Compound from the Ethyl Acetate Extract of Stem Bark Ulin Plant (Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijm & Binn). Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A Chemistry.

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The hexane extract was partitioned further with ethyl acetate. The densities of the solvents determined the identities of the layers. The collected ethyl acetate layer was concentrated under vacuum in a rotary evaporator, and the water layer was freeze-dried and carefully packed in a container with parafilm. These samples were kept at 20 °C for the succeeding experiments.

Subebe M.J., Ogaro J.C., Dayon M.L., Manting M.M., Murashima A., Omori A., Guihawan J.Q., Uy M.M., Mazahery A.R, & Villacorte-Tabelin M. (2024). Phytochemical evaluation, embryotoxic, and teratogenic effects of Buwakan (Decalobanthus peltatus (L.) A.R.Simões & Staples) leaf extracts on duck embryo. Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology, 39, e2024004.

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Methanol by Merck Group

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Chloroform is a colorless, volatile liquid with a characteristic sweet odor. It is a commonly used solvent in a variety of laboratory applications, including extraction, purification, and sample preparation processes. Chloroform has a high density and is immiscible with water, making it a useful solvent for a range of organic compounds.

Methanol by Thermo Fisher Scientific

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Methanol is a colorless, volatile, and flammable liquid chemical compound. It is commonly used as a solvent, fuel, and feedstock in various industrial processes.

What are some common applications of ethyl acetate?

Ethyl acetate is a versatile solvent with a wide range of applications. It is commonly used in organic synthesis, analytical chemistry, and numerous industrial processes. Ethyl acetate is a popular choice as a reagent, solvent, and extraction agent due to its ability to dissolve a wide variety of organic compounds while being relatively non-toxic and environmentally friendly.

How can I ensure the best reproducibility and accuracy when using ethyl acetate protocols?

Researchers and chemists often rely on optimized protocols and procedures for the use of ethyl acetate to ensure reproducibility and accuracy in their work. PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven platform, can assist in this process by helping you locate and compare ethyl acetate protocols from academic literature, preprints, and patents. The platform's AI analysis can highlight key differences in protocol effectiveness, enabling you to choose the best option for your specific research goals.

What are some of the challenges associated with using ethyl acetate?

One of the main challenges with using ethyl acetate is its high volatility and flammability. Proper safety precautions must be taken when handling ethyl acetate, such as working in a well-ventilated area and avoiding exposure to ignition sources. Additionally, ethyl acetate can be corrosive to certain materials, so care must be taken when selecting compatible equipment and storage containers.

How can PubCompare.ai help me optimize my ethyl acetate protocols?

PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform allows you to efficiently screen protocol literature and leverage artificial intelligence to pinpoint critical insights. This can help researchers identify the most effective protocols related to ethyl acetate for their specific research goals. The platform's analysis can highlight key differences in protocol effectiveness, enabling you to choose the best option for reproducibility and accuracy in your work.

Are there different types or variations of ethyl acetate?

While ethyl acetate is generally a single chemical compound, there can be some variations in its purity or grade depending on the intended application. For example, reagent-grade ethyl acetate may have stricter purity requirements for use in analytical or synthetic chemistry applications, whereas industrial-grade ethyl acetate may be more cost-effective for certain industrial processes. It's important to select the appropriate type of ethyl acetate based on your specific needs and requirements.

How does the use of ethyl acetate compare to other common solvents in organic chemistry?

Compared to other common organic solvents, ethyl acetate offers some unique advantages. It is less toxic and more environmentally friendly than many halogenated solvents, such as dichloromethane or chloroform. Ethyl acetate also has a lower boiling point than solvents like toluene or xylene, which can be beneficial for certain applications where milder conditions are desirable. However, its high volatility and flammability require additional safety precautions. Researchers must carefully evaluate the tradeoffs between the properties of ethyl acetate and other solvents to determine the best fit for their specific needs.

More about "Ethyl acetate"

Ethyl acetate, also known as acetic acid ethyl ester, is a versatile organic solvent with a wide range of applications in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries.
As a colorless, volatile liquid with a characteristic fruity aroma, ethyl acetate is a popular choice for numerous applications, including organic synthesis, analytical chemistry, and various industrial processes.
Its ability to dissolve a broad spectrum of organic compounds, coupled with its relatively low toxicity and environmentally friendly nature, make it a go-to solvent for researchers and chemists.
Optimized protocols and procedures for the use of ethyl acetate are crucial to ensure reproducibility and accuracy in scientific research.
Tools like PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven platform, can assist scientists in locating and comparing ethyl acetate protocols from academic literature, preprints, and patents.
This streamlines the research workflow and helps researchers find the best ethyl acetate protocols tailored to their specific needs.
In addition to ethyl acetate, other commonly used solvents in chemical and pharmaceutical applications include methanol, acetonitrile, DMSO, formic acid, ethanol, and chloroform.
Each solvent has its own unique properties and applications, and researchers often need to carefully evaluate and compare protocols to determine the most suitable solvent for their experiments.
By leveraging the power of AI-driven platforms like PubCompare.ai, scientists can efficiently navigate the vast landscape of scientific literature and protocols, ultimately enhancing the reproducibility, accuracy, and efficiency of their research involving ethyl acetate and other solvents.