A375-Cas9 cells were infected in four biological replicates. Small molecules were added to puromycin-selected cells 7 days post-infection. Cells either received a media change or were passaged every two or three days over the course of the screen in complete media supplemented with 1% penicillin/streptomycin. Vemurafenib (PLX-4032, Selleckchem, S1267) was screened at a final concentration of 2 μM. Selumetinib (AZD-6244, Selleckchem, S1008) was screened at a final concentration of 200 nM. 6-thioguanine (Sigma A4660) was screened at a final concentration of 2 μg/mL. Etoposide (Sigma E1383) was screened at a final concentration of 1 μg/mL. Surviving cells were harvested after 14 days of small molecule treatment. For analysis, the log2-fold-change of each sgRNA was determined relative to control cells treated with DMSO.
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Etoposide
Etoposide
Etoposide is a semisynthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin that exhibits potent antineoplastic activity.
It acts as a topoisomerase II inhibitor, preventing the religation of DNA strands and inducing apoptosis in rapidly dividing cells.
Etoposide is commonly used in the treatment of a variety of cancers, including lung, testicular, and lymphoid malignancies.
Its pharmacological properties and clinical applications have been extensively studied, making it an important tool for cancer research and therapy.
It acts as a topoisomerase II inhibitor, preventing the religation of DNA strands and inducing apoptosis in rapidly dividing cells.
Etoposide is commonly used in the treatment of a variety of cancers, including lung, testicular, and lymphoid malignancies.
Its pharmacological properties and clinical applications have been extensively studied, making it an important tool for cancer research and therapy.
Most cited protocols related to «Etoposide»
AZD 6244
Biopharmaceuticals
Cells
Etoposide
Infection
Penicillins
PLX4032
Puromycin
selumetinib
Streptomycin
Sulfoxide, Dimethyl
Thioguanine
Vemurafenib
AZD 6244
Biopharmaceuticals
Cells
Etoposide
Infection
Penicillins
PLX4032
Puromycin
selumetinib
Streptomycin
Sulfoxide, Dimethyl
Thioguanine
Vemurafenib
Caffeine
Cell Lines
Cells
Cell Survival
centrinone
Clone Cells
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
Doxycycline
Doxycycline Hyclate
Etoposide
Fluorescence
Genes, Essential
Genetic Heterogeneity
HeLa Cells
Immunofluorescence
Medical Devices
Neomycin
Nocodazole
Okadaic Acid
Pfaundler-Hurler Syndrome
Promega
Puromycin
RNA, Single Guide
VE 821
Cells
Etoposide
Fingers
FRAP1 protein, human
GSK 2126458
HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins
IGF1R protein, human
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf
tanespimycin
Technique, Dilution
MCF10 A-H2B-mCherry and BT-20-H2B-mCherry at 1250 and 2500 cells per well respectively in 384-well plates using the Multidrop Combi Reagent Dispenser (Thermo Scientific) and grown for 24 hours. Cells were treated with a dilution series of the indicated drugs using a D300 Digital Dispenser (Hewlett-Packard) and imaged after drug addition in an Operetta (Perkin Elmer) for high content imaging system equipped with a live-cell chamber over a period of 96 hours. For these experiments, we used the following drugs:
Etoposide, Topiosomerase inhibitor
Linsitinib, IGF1R inhibitor
Omipalisib/GSK2126458, panPI3K/mTOR inhibitor
PLX4720, B-RAF inhibitor
Tanespimycin/17-AAG, HSP90 inhibitor
Cells
Etoposide
Fingers
FRAP1 protein, human
GSK 2126458
HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins
IGF1R protein, human
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf
tanespimycin
Technique, Dilution
Most recents protocols related to «Etoposide»
Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry (BD FACSCanto) using the FITC Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit I (BD Pharmingen™), following the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Briefly, differentiated CAD cells (48 h) were treated with the ACM media or Etoposide 10 µM for 24 h [50 (link)], and then harvested by trypsinization for 1 min at 37 °C. Following two rounds of washes with PBS, cells were resuspended in the binding buffer and incubated with PI and Annexin V-Alexa Fluor 488 for 30 min. Data were processed using the FlowJo v10.8.0 Software [51 (link)].
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alexa fluor 488
Annexin A1
Annexin A5
Apoptosis
Buffers
Cells
Etoposide
Flow Cytometry
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
The chemosensitivity of the cells to a variety of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, small molecule inhibitors, and natural products was determined using an MTT assay. The choice of chemotherapeutic agents was motivated by the desire to compare cell response between two models, 3D cells in the present study and semi-solid Matrigel-embedded cells in our previous study (22 (link)). Standard chemotherapeutic agents that target proliferating cell mechanisms, as well as drugs with multi-targeted actions that do not rely on the proliferative status of the cells, were used. Doxorubicin, etoposide, vinblastine, paclitaxel, 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), emodin, apigenin, resveratrol, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), curcumin, capsaicin, shikonin, and dihydroxybenzaldehyde (DHBZ) were purchased from MilliporeSigma. Cucurbitacin I (CBC-I), AG-490, and BAY 11-7085 were purchased from Calbiochem. Chrysin was kindly provided by Dr Sirivan Athikomkulchai (Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand). Briefly, 100 µl of the cell suspension was seeded into each well of a 96-well plate (1×104 cells), then 100 µl of cytotoxic agents in a range of concentrations or a vehicle (cell culture media) were added. After 48 h of incubation, each well was replaced with 100 µl of 0.5 mg/ml MTT solution (MilliporeSigma) and incubated for another 2 h at 37°C. Absorbance was measured at 550 nm (650 nm was subtracted as the reference wavelength) using a microplate reader. The IC50 value for each cytotoxic drug (the drug concentration exhibiting 50% cell viability) was calculated.
AG-490
Antineoplastic Agents
Apigenin
BAY 11-7085
Biological Assay
caffeic acid phenethyl ester
Capsaicin
Cell Culture Techniques
Cells
Cell Survival
chrysin
cucurbitacin I
Culture Media
Curcumin
Cytotoxin
Doxorubicin
Drug Delivery Systems
Emodin
Etoposide
Faculty, Pharmacy
inhibitors
matrigel
Natural Products
Paclitaxel
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Pharmacotherapy
Resveratrol
shikonin
Vinblastine
We collected data from all patients treated with first-line atezolizumab, etoposide, and carboplatin from the tumor registry at Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (atezolizumab group) from April 2020. Furthermore, we analyzed the data obtained from a cohort of patients with ES-SCLC treated with chemotherapy alone (chemo-only group) between January 2018 and March 2020. Eligible patients included those who had been diagnosed with ES-SCLC in accordance with the Veterans Administration Lung Cancer Study Group. Patients with previous definitive concurrent chemoradiation therapy for limited-stage SCLC were also excluded. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Pusan National University Hospital (IRB no. 2208-016-118). Moreover, the study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The requirement for informed consent was waived by the IRB of Pusan National University Hospital because of the retrospective nature of the study, and the analysis used anonymous clinical data.
atezolizumab
Carboplatin
Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy
Ethics Committees, Research
Etoposide
Lung Cancer
Neoplasms
Patients
Pharmacotherapy
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Therapeutics
As described in our previous studies, induction chemotherapy was started with a modified regimen of fractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone (hyper-CVAD), and alternating high-dose cytarabine and mitoxantrone.22 (link)25 (link, link, link) Patients who failed to achieve CR or relapsed after CR received intensified salvage chemotherapy using an MEC regimen consisting of cytarabine (2 g/m2, every 12 h, days 1–4), mitoxantrone (12 mg/m2, days 1–4), and etoposide (100 mg/m2, days 5–7). Patients with Ph-positive ALL also received tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib or dasatinib).24 (link)28 (link, link, link, link) In patients who revealed minimal residual disease (MRD) at 3 months post-transplant, we applied preemptive tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Since 2016, blinatumomab was used as a monotherapy for all above indications instead of MEC regimen in the same way of our previous study.21 (link) Before application of blinatumomab, all patients received prephase dexamethasone to reduce leukemic burden and cytokine release syndrome (CRS). During the first cycle, blinatumomab was continuously infused for 4 weeks (9 μg/day for the first 7 days and 28 μg/day thereafter). After a 2-week treatment-free interval, a second 4-week cycle was initiated at a dosage of 28 μg/day from day 1 to day 28. Even after 2016, we applied the MEC regimen to some patients who failed to blinatumomab, while some others were treated with inotuzumab ozogamicin (INO) as it became available for R/R Ph-negative ALL since late 2019.29 ,30 (link) Doses of INO were administered at 0.8 mg on day 1 of the first cycle (0.5 mg on the day of the second cycle) and 0.5 mg on days 8 and 15. The interval of the first cycle was 28 days, and up to two cycles were approved.
blinatumomab
Cyclophosphamide
Cytarabine
Cytokine Release Syndrome
Dasatinib
Dexamethasone
Doxorubicin
Etoposide
Grafts
Imatinib
Induction Chemotherapy
Inotuzumab Ozogamicin
MAV protocol
Mitoxantrone
Neoplasm, Residual
Patients
Pharmacotherapy
Treatment Protocols
Vincristine
All cell lines used in this paper were correctly authenticated. SCC011 cell line (RRID:CVCL_5986), previously described64 (link), has been reported having a “damaging” annotation which may lead to either loss-of-function or gain-of-function activities, in our experiments these cells behave as cells with a functional p53, at least for the D2 and p21 regulation, and are then used as a model of cells with a functional p53 protein. SCC011were cultured in RPMI 1640 Medium (HiMedia Leading BioSciences Company, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, cod. AL028) supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (HiMedia Leading BioSciences Company, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, cod. RM10432), 1% L-Glutamine (Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA, cod. 25030024) and 1% Penicillin/Streptomycin (Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA, cod. 15070063). p53 mutant SCC cell line (SCC13, RRID:CVCL_4029) and p53 mutant D2 TET-ON SCC cell line12 (link), derived from a skin SCC65 (link), were cultured in Keratinocyte-SFM (KSFM 1X, Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA, cod. 17005059) medium [+] L-Glu (Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) with Bovine Pituitary Extract (BPE, 30.0 μg/mL, Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA, cod. 11543530) and human recombinant Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF, 0.24 ng/mL, Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA, cod. 11543530). HaCaT cells (RRID:CVCL_0038) were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM, HiMedia Leading Bio Sciences Company, Mubai, India, cod. AL007) supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum, 1% L-Glutamine (Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA, cod. 25030024) and 1% Penicillin/Streptomycin. All cell lines were mycoplasma free and were cultured at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2. In all the experiments in which THs was applied to cells, we used a combination of T3 (30.0 nM/24 h, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, cod. T6397) and T4 (30.0 nM/24 h, Sigma-Aldrich St. Louis, Missouri, USA, cod. T2501), indicated throughout the text as THs, thus resembling physiological exposure of cells to both the active hormone (T3) and its pro-hormone (T4). In experiments in which THs were removed from the serum, THs-deprivation was achieved by FBS Charcoal absorption. For the studies of DNA damage mechanisms, we used etoposide (50.0 µM/30 min, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, cod. E1383) and KuDOS (KU-55933, 100.0 µM/1 h, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, cod. SML1109). UV-A/UV-B radiation was performed by exposing cells to 60 mJ/cm2 UV-A/UV-B light, using six Philips TL12/60W fluorescent lamps (Philips, Eindhoven, The Netherlands). UV-C radiation was performed by exposing cells to 100 µJ/cm2 UV-C light, using UV Stratalinker 2400 (Agilent Genomics/Stratagene Stratalinker 1800 UV Crosslinker, Stock #53267-1).
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Atmosphere
Bos taurus
Cell Lines
Cells
Charcoal
Culture Media
DNA Damage
Eagle
Epidermal growth factor
Etoposide
Glutamine
HaCaT Cells
Homo sapiens
Hormones
Keratinocyte
KU 55933
Mycoplasma
Oncoprotein p53
Penicillins
Physiology, Cell
Serum
Skin
Streptomycin
Top products related to «Etoposide»
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Etoposide is a chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of various types of cancer. It is a topoisomerase inhibitor that disrupts the process of DNA replication, leading to cell death. Etoposide is available as a solution for intravenous administration.
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Doxorubicin is a cytotoxic medication that is commonly used in the treatment of various types of cancer. It functions as an anthracycline antibiotic, which works by interfering with the DNA replication process in cancer cells, leading to their destruction. Doxorubicin is widely used in the management of different malignancies, including leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumors.
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Cisplatin is a platinum-based medication used as a chemotherapeutic agent. It is a crystalline solid that can be dissolved in water or saline solution for administration. Cisplatin functions by interfering with DNA replication, leading to cell death in rapidly dividing cells.
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Etoposide is a laboratory reagent used for research purposes. It is a topoisomerase II inhibitor, which means it interferes with the enzyme responsible for unwinding and repairing DNA during cell division. Etoposide is commonly used in scientific research to study cell biology, apoptosis, and cancer cell mechanisms.
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DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
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Cycloheximide is a laboratory reagent commonly used as a protein synthesis inhibitor. It functions by blocking translational elongation in eukaryotic cells, thereby inhibiting the production of new proteins. This compound is often utilized in research applications to study cellular processes and mechanisms related to protein synthesis.
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Camptothecin is a naturally occurring alkaloid compound isolated from the Camptotheca acuminata tree. It is a biologically active compound with potential applications in research and development. Camptothecin exhibits inhibitory effects on the enzyme topoisomerase I, which is involved in DNA replication and transcription processes. This property makes Camptothecin a valuable tool for studying cellular mechanisms and biological processes.
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DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) is a cell culture medium formulated to support the growth and maintenance of a variety of cell types, including mammalian cells. It provides essential nutrients, amino acids, vitamins, and other components necessary for cell proliferation and survival in an in vitro environment.
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Paclitaxel is a pharmaceutical compound used in the production of various cancer treatment medications. It functions as a microtubule-stabilizing agent, which plays a crucial role in the development and regulation of cells. Paclitaxel is a key ingredient in the manufacture of certain anti-cancer drugs.
More about "Etoposide"
Etoposide is a semisynthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin, a naturally occurring compound found in the mayapple plant.
This potent antineoplastic agent works by inhibiting the enzyme topoisomerase II, which is essential for the proper replication and separation of DNA strands.
By preventing the religation of DNA, etoposide induces apoptosis, or programmed cell death, in rapidly dividing cancer cells.
Etoposide has been extensively studied and is commonly used in the treatment of a variety of cancers, including lung, testicular, and lymphoid malignancies.
Its pharmacological properties, such as its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, have been well-characterized, making it an important tool for cancer research and therapy.
In addition to etoposide, other chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin, cisplatin, camptothecin, and paclitaxel are often used in combination with etoposide to treat different types of cancers.
These drugs may have synergistic effects, targeting multiple cellular pathways and increasing the effectiveness of the treatment.
Researchers in the field of oncology frequently utilize cell culture models to study the mechanisms of action and optimize the use of etoposide and other anti-cancer drugs.
Common cell culture techniques, such as the use of DMSO as a solvent and FBS as a growth supplement in DMEM media, are often employed in these studies.
To enhance the reproducibility and efficiency of etoposide research, AI-driven tools like PubCompare.ai can be used to identify and compare the best published protocols from the literature, pre-prints, and patents.
This can help researchers make more informed decisions and improve the overall quality and impact of their work.
This potent antineoplastic agent works by inhibiting the enzyme topoisomerase II, which is essential for the proper replication and separation of DNA strands.
By preventing the religation of DNA, etoposide induces apoptosis, or programmed cell death, in rapidly dividing cancer cells.
Etoposide has been extensively studied and is commonly used in the treatment of a variety of cancers, including lung, testicular, and lymphoid malignancies.
Its pharmacological properties, such as its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, have been well-characterized, making it an important tool for cancer research and therapy.
In addition to etoposide, other chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin, cisplatin, camptothecin, and paclitaxel are often used in combination with etoposide to treat different types of cancers.
These drugs may have synergistic effects, targeting multiple cellular pathways and increasing the effectiveness of the treatment.
Researchers in the field of oncology frequently utilize cell culture models to study the mechanisms of action and optimize the use of etoposide and other anti-cancer drugs.
Common cell culture techniques, such as the use of DMSO as a solvent and FBS as a growth supplement in DMEM media, are often employed in these studies.
To enhance the reproducibility and efficiency of etoposide research, AI-driven tools like PubCompare.ai can be used to identify and compare the best published protocols from the literature, pre-prints, and patents.
This can help researchers make more informed decisions and improve the overall quality and impact of their work.