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Evans Blue

Evans Blue is a dye used in various biomedical applications, including the assessment of vascular permeability and blood-brain barrier integrity.
This synthetic diazo dye binds to serum albumin and can be detected spectrophotometrically, allowing for quantitative measurements of extravasation in animal models and tissue samples.
Evans Blue assays provide valuable insights into physiological and pathological processes affecting vascular function and tissue perfusion.
Optimizing these assays using AI-powered tools like PubCompare.ai can enhance repruducibility and research accuracy by identifying the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.

Most cited protocols related to «Evans Blue»

Quantification of Evans Blue Extravasation

Cited 46 times

Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions

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Publication 2010

Animals Body Weight Brain Cold Temperature Evans Blue Freezing Jugular Vein Mice, House Nitrogen Normal Saline Stains Tissues Trichloroacetic Acid

Prenatal Hypoxia-Infection Injury Model

Cited 13 times

All procedures were performed in accordance with the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and with the approval of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Boston Children’s Hospital. Under isoflurane anesthesia, a laparotomy was performed on pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats on E18 (Figure 1A). For TSHI, uterine arteries were occluded (Figure 1B) and after 60 minutes the clips were removed (Figure 1C). For the combined injury, following 60 minutes of TSHI, 4 μg sterile LPS (LPS 0111:B4, Sigma, St. Louis, MO) mixed with diluted Evans blue dye (Sigma) was injected into each amniotic sac (Figure 1D). For LPS alone, LPS was injected without transient uterine artery occlusion. For sham controls, the laparotomy was performed and uterine horns were exposed for 60 minutes, without artery occlusion or LPS injection. Thus, all dams experienced an equivalent time of laparotomy under anesthesia. Pups were born at term (E22) and matured with their respective dams. Litter size was recorded. Pups were weaned at P21. Pups were weighed at the ages noted, and gender was recorded. Overall, 12 sham, 16 TSHI, 7 LPS and 18 TSHI + LPS dams were used.

Jantzie L.L., Corbett C.J., Berglass J., Firl D.J., Flores J., Mannix R, & Robinson S. (2014). Complex pattern of interaction between in utero hypoxia-ischemia and intra-amniotic inflammation disrupts brain development and motor function. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 11, 131.

Publication 2014

Amnion Anesthesia Animals, Laboratory Arterial Occlusion Childbirth Clip Dental Occlusion Evans Blue Gender Injuries Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Isoflurane Laparotomy Rats, Sprague-Dawley Sterility, Reproductive Transients Uterine Arteries Uterine Cornua Uterus

Rodent LPS-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption

Cited 13 times

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Publication 2014

Animals Blood-Brain Barrier Bromodeoxyuridine Evans Blue Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Mice, House Rodent

Perivascular Delivery of Heparin-Functionalized Nanoparticles

Cited 13 times

All animal studies conform to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (NIH publication No. 85-23, 1996 revision) and protocols approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Wisconsin. IRB approval has been obtained for use of cells derived from human samples. Carotid artery balloon angioplasty was performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats (Charles River, 250–300g) as previously described^{12 (link)}. HF was then applied to the outside of the injured segment of the carotid artery by using F-127 pluronic gel (Sigma-Aldrich)^{12 (link)}. This perivascular approach proved to be effective in the delivery of small molecule drugs (such as rapamycin) or even nanoparticles into the injured rat carotid arterial wall^{13 (link)}. Prior to administration, 30 μg of HF from a DMSO stock was first dissolved in 30 μl of 10% DMSO and then mixed with 270 μl of 25% pluronic gel that was maintained on ice. We chose a concentration in vivo that was substantially higher than what has been shown to be effective in vitro because of the potential for HF to diffuse away from the arterial wall. In the control group, equal volume of vehicle (30 μl of 20% DMSO) mixed with pluronic gel was applied. Animals were sacrificed at 14 days post angioplasty, a time point at which significant remodeling occurred in our previous study^{12 (link)}. Adaptive remodeling was defined as an increase of external elastic lamina (EEL) area. IH was quantified as a ratio of intima area versus media area. Re-endothelialization was assessed using Evans Blue assay as well as CD31 immunostaining^{5 (link)}.

Guo L.W., Wang B., Goel S.A., Little C., Takayama T., Shi X.D., Roenneburg D., DiRenzo D, & Kent K.C. (2014). Halofuginone Stimulates Adaptive Remodeling and Preserves Re-Endothelialization in Balloon-Injured Rat Carotid Arteries. Circulation. Cardiovascular interventions, 7(4), 594-601.

Publication 2014

Acclimatization Angioplasty Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary Animals Animals, Laboratory Arteries Biological Assay Carotid Arteries Cells Common Carotid Artery Drug Delivery Systems Evans Blue Homo sapiens Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Males Pluronics Rats, Sprague-Dawley Rivers Sirolimus Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Tunica Intima

In Vivo Knockdown of Caveolin and S1P1 Receptor

Cited 12 times

Adult male C57BL/6J mice, 8 to 10 weeks old, with an average weight of 20 to 25 g (The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Me) were bred at the University of Chicago animal care center. All experimental protocols involving the use of animals were approved by the University of Chicago Institutional Animal Care & Use Committee for the humane treatment of experimental animals. Small interfering (si)RNAs from Dharmacon (Lafayette, Colo) had the following sequences: siCaveolin1: 5′-ACGUAGACUCCGAGGGACA-3′; siS1P₁ receptor: 5′-CUUGCUAACUAUUUGGAAA-3′; control siRNA (Luciferase): 5′-UAAGGCUAUGAAGAGAUA-3′. Polyethylenimine-22, which provides preferential RNA targeting to the lung,^{18 (link)} was used as a carrier in the in vivo experiments with siRNA-induced caveolin and S1P₁ receptor knockdown in vivo. Obtained polyethylenimine-22–siRNA polyplexes (400 μL) were injected into the jugular vein of the 8- to 10-week-old C57BL/6 male mice under anesthesia. After 72 hours, the mice were subjected to mechanical ventilation or Evan’s blue dye and euthanized; lungs, livers, and hearts were collected and homogenized as previously described.^{19 (link)}

Singleton P.A., Chatchavalvanich S., Fu P., Xing J., Birukova A.A., Fortune J.A., Klibanov A.M., Garcia J.G, & Birukov K.G. (2009). Akt-Mediated Transactivation of the S1P1 Receptor in Caveolin-Enriched Microdomains Regulates Endothelial Barrier Enhancement by Oxidized Phospholipids. Circulation research, 104(8), 978-986.

Publication 2009

Adult Anesthesia Animal Care Committees Animals Caveolin 1 Evans Blue Heart Jugular Vein Liver Luciferases Lung Males Mechanical Ventilation Mice, Inbred C57BL Mus Polyethyleneimine RNA, Small Interfering Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1 Therapies, Investigational

Most recents protocols related to «Evans Blue»

Evaluating UBX1967 in Diabetic Retinopathy

Not available on PMC !

Example 7

The efficacy of UBX1967 was studied in a mouse model of diabetic retinopathy, by a single administration of streptozotocin (STZ).

C57BL/6J mice of 6- to 7-week were weighted and their baseline glycemia was measured (Accu-Chek, Roche). Mice were injected intraperitoneally with STZ (Sigma-Alderich, St. Lois, Mo.) for 5 consecutive days at 55 mg/Kg. Age-matched controls were injected with buffer only. Glycemia was measured again a week after the last STZ injection and mice were considered diabetic if their non-fasted glycemia was higher than 17 mM (300 mg/dL). STZ treated diabetic C57BL/6J mice were intravitreally injected with 1l of UBX1967 (2 μM or 20 μM, formulated as a suspension in 0.015% polysorbate-80, 0.2% Sodium Phosphate, 0.75% Sodium Chloride, pH 7.2) at 8 and 9 weeks after STZ administration. Retinal Evans blue permeation assay was performed at 10 weeks after STZ treatment.

FIGS. 11A and 11B show preliminary results for this protocol. Retinal and choroidal vascular leakage after intravitreal (IVT) administration UBX1967 improved in vascular permeability at both dose levels.

US11865123B2. Methods of inhibiting pathological angiogenesis (2024-01-09). Unity Biotechnology, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Pam Tsuruda [US], Jill Hopkins [US], Harry Sweigard [US], Yan Poon [US], Jamie Dananberg [US], Daniel Marquess [US], Nathaniel David [US].

Patent 2024

Animal Model Biological Assay Blood Vessel Buffers Choroid Diabetes Mellitus Diabetic Retinopathy Evans Blue Figs Mice, Inbred C57BL Mus Polysorbate 80 Retina Retinal Diseases Sodium Chloride sodium phosphate Streptozocin Vascular Permeability

Evaluating Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity

Cited 1 time

Evans blue (EB) was used to evaluate BBB integrity at 24 h after the drug treatment. The rats were picked by single blinding from each group. EB dye (2% in saline, 4 ml/kg, Solarbio, Beijing, China, n = 4) was injected through the right femoral vein 2 h before the brain was collected (Wang et al., 2020 (link)). Blood and intravascular dyes were removed by perfusing saline via the left ventricle in the rats. The right infarction cerebral hemispheres were separated on ice and then homogenized for 24 h at a temperature of 60°C in 2 mL dimethylformamide. After centrifugation, the absorbance value of the supernatant was measured at 632 nm. The EB content was calculated by its standard curve. The frozen slice of the cerebrum tissue dyed by EB could be observed with blue excitation light (620 nm) under a fluorescence microscope (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany).

Xu S., Li X., Li Y., Li X., Lv E., Zhang X., Shi Y, & Wang Y. (2023). Neuroprotective effect of Dl-3-n-butylphthalide against ischemia–reperfusion injury is mediated by ferroptosis regulation via the SLC7A11/GSH/GPX4 pathway and the attenuation of blood–brain barrier disruption. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 15, 1028178.

Publication 2023

BLOOD Brain Centrifugation Cerebral Hemisphere, Right Cerebral Hemispheres Dimethylformamide Evans Blue Freezing Infarction Left Ventricles Light Microscopy, Fluorescence Pharmaceutical Preparations Rattus Saline Solution Tissues Vein, Femoral

Assessing Wheat Seedling Stress Response

Evans blue staining was employed to determine cell death in wheat seedling leaves [38 (link)]. The in situ generation of superoxide radical (O²⁻.) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in wheat seedling leaves were evaluated by histochemical staining with nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and 3, 3’-diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining, respectively [38 (link)]. Determination of the the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT and a TUNEL assay were carried out as described by Yue et al. (2021) [38 (link)]. The activity of caspase-3 was determined according to Yue et al. (2022) [47 ].

Yue J.Y., Jiao J.L., Wang W.W., Jie X.R, & Wang H.Z. (2023). Silencing of the calcium-dependent protein kinase TaCDPK27 improves wheat resistance to powdery mildew. BMC Plant Biology, 23, 134.

Publication 2023

Biological Assay Caspase 3 Cell Death Evans Blue In Situ Nick-End Labeling Nitroblue Tetrazolium Peroxide, Hydrogen Superoxides Triticum aestivum

Quantifying Brain Tissue Extravasation

Five mice were used in each group in this experiment. Following injection of 2% EB (Evans Blue) into the tail vein of mice at 2 ml/kg for 2 h, mice were sacrificed, and their brains were collected and weighed after perfusion with normal saline. The brain tissue was placed in 5 ml of formamide and bathed at 60 °C for 72 h. Then, the optical density was measured at a wavelength of 620 nm using a microplate reader (BioTek, United States). Standard curves were drawn to distribute EB content in brain tissue. EB content was determined using the following formula: EB content in brain tissue (μg/mg wet brain) = EB concentration (μg/ml) x formamide (ml)/wet weight (mg).

Jia J., Deng J., Jin H., Yang J., Nan D., Yu Z., Yu W., Shen Z., Lu Y., Liu R., Wang Z., Qu X., Qiu D., Yang Z, & Huang Y. (2023). Effect of Dl-3-n-butylphthalide on mitochondrial Cox7c in models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 14, 1084564.

Publication 2023

Brain Brain Edema Evans Blue formamide Mice, House Normal Saline Perfusion Tail Tissues Veins Vision

Cardiac Infarct Size Determination

Blood samples were collected after I/R, and serum was obtained after centrifugation at 2000 × g for 20 min. Cardiac troponin T (TNT) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels were determined using commercial ELISA kits (LunChangshuo Biotech, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Infarct size determination was performed using Evans blue and 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride monohydrate (TTC) (G3005, Solarbio, Beijing, China) double staining. Briefly, following 2 h of reperfusion, the hearts were excised and 2 ml of a 1% solution of Evans Blue dye was retrogradely perfused into the aorta. After perfusion, the heart was frozen at −20°C for 30 min, and sliced into five cross-sections from apex to base. The sections were incubated with 1% TTC at 37°C for 10 min and then fixed in 10% formalin solution for 24 h. The heart sections were analyzed using ImageJ software, the blue area determined the non-ischemic region, and areas were summed and calculations of the White Area (Infarct area, IA)/total red + white area (Area at risk, AAR) for each heart were determined. The myocardial infarction size is a percentage of the area at risk.

Chen W., Zhang Y., Wang Z., Tan M., Lin J., Qian X., Li H, & Jiang T. (2023). Dapagliflozin alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing ferroptosis via MAPK signaling inhibition. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 14, 1078205.

Publication 2023

2-(2-(2-chloro-3-(2-(3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfo-1-(4-sulfo-butyl)-3H-indol-2-yl)-vinyl)-cyclohex-2-enylidene)-ethylidene)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(4-sulfo-butyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-5-carboxylic acid Aorta BLOOD Centrifugation Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Evans Blue Formalin Freezing Heart Infarction Myocardial Infarction Nesiritide Perfusion Reperfusion Serum triphenyltetrazolium chloride Troponin T

Top products related to «Evans Blue»

Evans blue by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, Sao Tome and Principe, China, United Kingdom, Macao, Spain, Japan, Ireland, Italy

Evans blue is a dye used as a laboratory reagent. It is a blue-colored dye that binds to albumin in the blood, allowing for the measurement and visualization of blood volume and albumin distribution. The dye has a strong blue color and is soluble in water.

Evans blue dye by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, Sao Tome and Principe, United Kingdom, Japan, Macao, Brazil

Evans blue dye is a lab equipment product used as a dye for various research applications. It is a blue azo dye with the chemical formula C₃₄H₂₄N₆Na₄O₁₄S₄. The core function of Evans blue dye is to act as a marker or tracer in biological studies and experiments.

Formamide by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Poland, Israel, France, Ireland, Canada, Spain, Japan

Formamide is a colorless, odorless, and hygroscopic liquid. It is a common laboratory solvent used in various chemical and biological applications. Formamide has a high boiling point and is miscible with water and many organic solvents.

Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (ttc) by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, Sao Tome and Principe, Macao, China, Switzerland, Australia, Japan, Spain, Italy, Senegal

The TTC (Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride) is a laboratory reagent used for various analytical and diagnostic applications. It is a colorless compound that is reduced to a red formazan product in the presence of metabolically active cells or tissues. This color change is utilized to assess cell viability, detect active enzymes, and measure cellular respiration in a wide range of biological samples.

E2129 by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany

The E2129 is a laboratory centrifuge. It is designed for general-purpose centrifugation of samples in tubes or microplates. The centrifuge has a maximum speed of 6,000 rpm and can accommodate rotors for various sample volumes.

Evans blue solution by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany

Evans blue solution is a laboratory reagent used for various applications in scientific research and analysis. It is a dye solution that can be used for specific purposes, such as determining blood volume or permeability of blood vessels. The solution provides a blue coloration that can be measured and quantified. This description is concise and factual, without any interpretation or extrapolation of the product's intended use.

N n dimethylformamide (dmf) by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Canada, India, Australia, Japan, Spain, Singapore, Sao Tome and Principe, Poland, France, Switzerland, Macao, Chile, Belgium, Czechia, Hungary, Netherlands

N,N-dimethylformamide is a clear, colorless liquid organic compound with the chemical formula (CH3)2NC(O)H. It is a common laboratory solvent used in various chemical reactions and processes.

Evans blue by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States

Evans blue is a water-soluble diazo dye used as a biological stain and tracer. It has the chemical formula C₃₄H₂₄N₆Na₄O₁₄S₄. Evans blue binds to serum albumin and is commonly used to measure blood plasma volume and vascular permeability.

Trichloroacetic acid by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, India, China, Italy, Poland, Australia, Sao Tome and Principe, Brazil, France, Chile, Japan, Spain, Switzerland, Portugal, Ireland, Canada, Mexico, Indonesia, Croatia

Trichloroacetic acid is a colorless, crystalline chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It serves as a reagent and is commonly employed in analytical chemistry and biochemistry procedures. The compound's primary function is to precipitate proteins, making it a useful tool for sample preparation and analysis.

Image pro plus 6 by Media Cybernetics

Sourced in United States, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Hungary, Singapore, Canada, Switzerland

Image-Pro Plus 6.0 is a comprehensive image analysis software package designed for scientific and industrial applications. It provides a wide range of tools for image capture, enhancement, measurement, analysis, and reporting.

More about "Evans Blue"

Evans Blue, also known as Evan's Blue or E2129, is a synthetic diazo dye commonly used in biomedical research.
This versatile dye is widely employed to assess vascular permeability, blood-brain barrier integrity, and tissue perfusion in animal models and clinical studies.
The dye's ability to bind to serum albumin allows for quantitative measurements of extravasation, providing valuable insights into physiological and pathological processes affecting the vasculature.
Researchers can leverage the dye's spectrophotometric properties to detect and analyze its presence in samples, enabling the study of vascular and tissue function.
Beyond its use as a vascular tracer, Evans Blue has other biomedical applications, such as serving as a counterstain in histological techniques and as a component in the triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) assay for evaluating tissue viability.
Optimizing Evans Blue-based assays is crucial for ensuring reproducible and accurate research outcomes.
To enhance the efficiency and reliability of Evans Blue experiments, researchers can utilize AI-powered tools like PubCompare.ai.
This innovative platform helps identify the best protocols from scientific literature, preprints, and patents, enabling researchers to streamline their experimental processes and improve the quality of their findings.
By taking advantage of the insights and capabilities offered by Evans Blue and complementary tools, researchers can unlock a deeper understanding of vascular function, tissue perfusion, and other critical physiological and pathological mechanisms, ultimately advancing the field of biomedical research.