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Ginsenoside Rb1
Ginsenoside Rb1
Ginsenoside Rb1 is a key bioactive compound found in ginseng plants.
It has been extensively studied for its potential therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects.
PubCompare.ai's advanced AI-driven tools can help researchers discover optimized research protocols for Ginsenoside Rb1, locating protocols from literature, preprints, and patents to identify the most reproducible and reliable options.
This resource provides the most up-to-date and authoritative information on this important compound, enabling researchers to design more effective and efficient studies.
It has been extensively studied for its potential therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects.
PubCompare.ai's advanced AI-driven tools can help researchers discover optimized research protocols for Ginsenoside Rb1, locating protocols from literature, preprints, and patents to identify the most reproducible and reliable options.
This resource provides the most up-to-date and authoritative information on this important compound, enabling researchers to design more effective and efficient studies.
Most cited protocols related to «Ginsenoside Rb1»
acetonitrile
Acids
CASP8 protein, human
Chromatography
Ginseng
Ginsenoside
ginsenoside Rg1
Ginsenosides
Hydrolysis
Polypropylenes
Powder
Ultrasonics
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Centrifugation
Cold Temperature
Ethanol
Fermentation
Ginseng
ginsenoside Rb1
Ginsenosides
Radiotherapy Dose Fractionations
Primary cardiomyocytes were isolated from adult mice (8-12 weeks) following a previous method 24 (link). Briefly, the chest cavity of the anaesthetized mouse was opened to expose the still-beating heart. The heart was perfused with EDTA buffer through left ventricular injection. Afterward, the heart was transferred into a dish and serially perfused with EDTA buffer, perfusion buffer, and collagenase buffer. The tissue was then separated and gently pulled into 1 mm3 pieces using forceps. The cell suspension was passed through a filter, and the cells were collected by gravity with serial reintroduction of calcium buffers to gradually restore calcium concentration. The cells were resuspended in plating media for 1 h at 37 °C in 5% atmosphere. After washing off unattached cells, the remaining cells were incubated in fresh culture media. For hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) treatment, cells were subjected to hypoxia (1% O2) for 1 h with or without 10 μM ginsenoside Rb1 (this concentration was chosen based on our previous study 21 (link)), followed by reoxygenation. For succinate treatment, cardiomyocytes were incubated in assay buffer (132 mM NaCl, 10 mM HEPES, 4.2 mM KCl, 1 mM MgCl2, 1 mM CaCl2, 25 μM 2-deoxyglucose, 10 mg/L sodium pyruvate; pH 7.4) and subjected to indicated agents in the presence or absence of dimethyl succinate (5 mM) or oligomycin (4 μM) for 2 h.
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2-Deoxyglucose
Adult
Atmosphere
Biological Assay
Buffers
Calcium
Cells
Collagenase
Culture Media
dimethyl succinate
Edetic Acid
Forceps
ginsenoside Rb1
Gravity
Heart
HEPES
Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal
Hypoxia
Left Ventricles
Magnesium Chloride
Mus
Myocytes, Cardiac
Oligomycins
Perfusion
Pyruvate
Retreatments
Sodium
Sodium Chloride
Succinate
Thoracic Cavity
Tissues
Ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rf, 20(S)-Rh1, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rd, 20(S)-Rg3 and 20(R)-Rg3 standards were purchased from the Chromadex (Irvine, CA, USA) and ginsenoside Ro, 20(S)-Rg2, 20(R)-Rg2, 20(S)-Rh2, 20(R)-Rh2, F1, F2, F4, Ra1, Rg6, Rh4, Rk3, Rg5, Rk1, Rb3, Rk2, Rh3, compound Y, compound K, and notoginsenoside R1 standards were obtained from the Ambo Institute (Seoul, Korea). Ginsenoside Rg6 and F4, Rk3 and Rh4, Rg5 and Rk1, Rk2, and Rh3 are epimer compound mixtures. The concentrations of mixture solutions were calculated using the normalization area percentage in the UPLC chromatogram because the UV spectrum of the epimer molecules is the same.
Phosphoric acid was purchased from the Junsei Chemical (Tokyo, Japan), and HPLC-grade acetonitrile and methanol were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). For method validation, red ginseng powder (lot no. 1019008; Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Korea) and red ginseng concentrate (lot no. 2019119, Korea Ginseng Corporation) were used. Other P. ginseng preparations were obtained from the Korea Ginseng Corporation Research Institute. All distilled water used in this experiment was purified by a Milli-Q gradient system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) and the resistance value was measured as 18 MΩ prior to use.
Phosphoric acid was purchased from the Junsei Chemical (Tokyo, Japan), and HPLC-grade acetonitrile and methanol were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). For method validation, red ginseng powder (lot no. 1019008; Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Korea) and red ginseng concentrate (lot no. 2019119, Korea Ginseng Corporation) were used. Other P. ginseng preparations were obtained from the Korea Ginseng Corporation Research Institute. All distilled water used in this experiment was purified by a Milli-Q gradient system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) and the resistance value was measured as 18 MΩ prior to use.
acetonitrile
Ginseng
ginsenoside M1
ginsenoside Rg1
ginsenoside Rg6
ginsenoside Ro
High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies
Methanol
notoginsenoside R1
Panax ginseng
Phosphoric Acids
Powder
American ginseng extract was purchased from the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, Institute for National Measurement Standards. The American ginseng roots were cultivated by Chai-Na-Ta Farms Ltd (Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada), which is the largest producer of North American ginseng in the world and alone accounts for 20% of global production. The ginseng obtained by NRC and processed by Canadian Phytopharmaceuticals Corporation (Richmond, British Columbia, Canada) was grown on the Harper Ranch, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada, and obtained from the Harper 113 planting. The Harper 113 planting was made in 1999, emerged as seedlings in 2000 and was harvested as 4-year olds in the fall of 2003. Following grinding to pass 80 mesh, 35 kg of the root material was extracted with aqueous ethanol (75% ethanol and 25% water) in a recirculating filter extraction system for 4 h at a temperature of 60°C under vacuum. The ratio of solvent to root was 8:1 (vol/wt). After extraction, the filtrate was partially dried in vacuo to yield a concentrated extract; 2.8 kg of maltodextrin (40% of final weight) was then blended as a support and the resultant slurry was spray dried to yield 7 kg of free flowing powder. Analysis by Canadian Phytopharmaceuticals Corporation by High-performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet against pure standards determined the total ginsenoside content (as the sum of Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2 and Rd) of the finished material to be 10.1% (wt/wt) and confirmed by High-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry at the NRC of Canada. The final powder form of P.quinquefolius (American ginseng) extract supplied by Canadian Phytopharmaceutical Corporation contains (wt/wt) 10.1% ginsenosides (Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2 and Rd), 2% additional ginsenosides made up of F11, Ro, isomers of Rd and traces of malonyl ginsenosides and 40% of maltodextrin derived from hydrolyzed corn starch. The remaining 48% of the powder is made up of ginseng root-derived polysaccharides/oligosaccharides and proteins and up to 5% of moisture. The lot used was screened and found to be free of heavy metals and contaminants.
Proximate analysis of American ginseng conducted at the University of Guelph report a mean carbohydrate content of 73.4% and protein of 11.3%. The majority of the polysaccharide component is reported by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food to be starch. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, the NRC Canada conducted independent evaluation of the American ginseng extract used here, arriving at a marginally higher value of 11.1% total ginsenosides (wt/wt); mass fractions (mg/g) for each of the ginsenosides were found as follows: Rg1 3.0, Re 23.7, Rb1 44.2, Rc 15.9 and Rd 23.5. The NRC Canada values were determined using external standards that were obtained from Chromadex (Irvine, CA). Critically, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry confirmed no detectable ginsenoside Rf characteristic of Asian ginseng and the presence of ginsenoside F11.
It should be noted here, that regular AIN-93M chow fed to mice contains 12.5000% maltodextrin. The addition of 75 p.p.m. American ginseng in the chow equates to 30 mg/kg final concentration of maltodextrin added to 12.5000% already in the chow. Therefore, there is 12.5000% maltodextrin in the AIN-93M chow and 12.5003% of maltodextrin in the AIN-93M chow supplemented with 75 p.p.m. American ginseng extract.
Proximate analysis of American ginseng conducted at the University of Guelph report a mean carbohydrate content of 73.4% and protein of 11.3%. The majority of the polysaccharide component is reported by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food to be starch. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, the NRC Canada conducted independent evaluation of the American ginseng extract used here, arriving at a marginally higher value of 11.1% total ginsenosides (wt/wt); mass fractions (mg/g) for each of the ginsenosides were found as follows: Rg1 3.0, Re 23.7, Rb1 44.2, Rc 15.9 and Rd 23.5. The NRC Canada values were determined using external standards that were obtained from Chromadex (Irvine, CA). Critically, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry confirmed no detectable ginsenoside Rf characteristic of Asian ginseng and the presence of ginsenoside F11.
It should be noted here, that regular AIN-93M chow fed to mice contains 12.5000% maltodextrin. The addition of 75 p.p.m. American ginseng in the chow equates to 30 mg/kg final concentration of maltodextrin added to 12.5000% already in the chow. Therefore, there is 12.5000% maltodextrin in the AIN-93M chow and 12.5003% of maltodextrin in the AIN-93M chow supplemented with 75 p.p.m. American ginseng extract.
Most recents protocols related to «Ginsenoside Rb1»
To assess the iron chelation effect of ginsenoside Rb1 and RBCQDs, the fluorescence quenching degree and UV absorption spectral changes were compared before and after mixing with iron ions (Fe2+ or Fe3+). Specifically, Fe2+ or Fe3+ in the 0–1 mM range was added to the RBCQDs solution (3 mg/ml) and thoroughly mixed. The fluorescence emission spectra were measured using a fluorescence spectrometer at an excitation wavelength of 435 nm. For ginsenoside Rb1 and RBCQDs, solutions with 100, 200, 300, and 400 μg/ml were added to 1 mM Fe2+ or Fe3+ solutions. UV spectra of ginsenoside Rb1 and RBCQDs in the presence of iron ions were recorded using a multifunctional microplate reader, and the changes in the UV spectra were compared.
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Following the manufacturer’s instructions, we used the DPPH free radical scavenging capacity assay kit (BC4755, SOLARBIO) to assess the scavenging capacity of ginsenoside Rb1 and RBCQDs on free radicals. Ginsenoside Rb1 and RBCQDs were briefly mixed with the DPPH solution and then incubated at room temperature for 30 min. The absorbance of the solution was measured at 517 nm (A1). Absorbance values were obtained by replacing the sample with PBS (A0). The DPPH radical scavenging rate (%)=[ (A0-A1)/(A0) ] × 100%.
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Following the manufacturer’s instructions, the liquid sample total antioxidant capacity Assay Kit (E2006, APPLYGEN) was utilized to assess the scavenging capacity of ginsenoside Rb1 and RBCQDs on free radicals. Solutions of ginsenoside Rb1 and RBCQDs with concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 1, 2, and 10 mg/mL were added to the ABTS + solution, thoroughly mixed, and then incubated at room temperature for 5 min. The absorbance of the solution was measured at 734 nm (A1). Absorbance values were obtained by replacing the sample with PBS (A0).
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High resolution transmission electron microscopy (Talos F200S G2, Thermo Scientific) was employed to analyze the morphology and size of RBCQDs with an acceleration voltage set at 200 kV. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (Nicolet iS50, Thermo Scientific) was used to investigate the infrared absorption spectra of ginsenoside Rb1, anhydrous ethylenediamine, and RBCQDs, with samples prepared using a potassium bromide pellet method. X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (Nexsa G2, Thermo Scientific) was utilized to analyze ginsenoside Rb1 and RBCQDs with a 300 W Al K radiation source. The fluorescence spectrometer (F-4700, HITACHI) was employed to evaluate the 3D fluorescence characteristics of RBCQDs. NanoBrook 90Plus PALS (BROOKHAVEN) was used for determining the hydrodynamic diameter and potential of RBCQDs.
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The ginsenoside peak area was integrated into MassLynx software (Waters, USA). The mass chromatogram window was 50 ppm. Integral peak area quantification was performed for malonyl ginsenoside Rb1, malonyl ginsenoside Rb1 isomer, malonyl ginsenoside Rb2/Rb3, malonyl ginsenoside Rb2/Rb3 isomer, ginsenoside R0, ginsenoside R0 isomer, and chikusetsusaponin IV/isomer (1, 2, 3, and 4 + 5) as [M–H]– ions and for vinaginsenoside R1 and ginsenoside Rb1 as [M–H+FA] – ions; calculations were performed based on commercial standards of ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2/Rb3, R0, and pseudoginsenoside F11) of the same chemical group.
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More about "Ginsenoside Rb1"
Ginsenoside Rb1 is a key bioactive compound found in ginseng plants (Panax ginseng).
Also known as 20(S)-protopanaxadiol, it has been extensively studied for its potential therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects.
This compound has been the subject of numerous research studies using various experimental models and techniques.
Researchers often utilize FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum) as a supplement in cell culture media to provide essential nutrients and growth factors for the cells.
TRIzol reagent, a phenol-based solution, is commonly used for the extraction and purification of RNA from biological samples.
Methanol, a common organic solvent, is frequently employed in the preparation and analysis of Ginsenoside Rb1 samples, often in combination with HPLC-grade acetonitrile, another commonly used solvent.
The effects of Ginsenoside Rb1 have been investigated in the context of various disease models, including those involving inflammation and oxidative stress.
LPS (Lipopolysaccharide), a bacterial endotoxin, is often used to induce inflammatory responses in experimental systems, allowing researchers to study the anti-inflammatory properties of Ginsenoside Rb1.
To facilitate the analysis and quantification of Ginsenoside Rb1, researchers often utilize HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) techniques, which may involve the use of HPLC-grade acetonitrile and other solvents.
DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) is a common solvent used to dissolve Ginsenoside Rb1 and other compounds for various experimental applications.
The data generated from these studies is often analyzed using statistical software, such as GraphPad Prism 5, which allows researchers to perform a variety of statistical analyses and visualize their findings.
Microplate readers are also commonly used to measure various biological and biochemical parameters, such as cell viability, enzyme activity, and absorbance, in experiments involving Ginsenoside Rb1.
PubCompare.ai's advanced AI-driven tools can help researchers discover optimized research protocols for Ginsenoside Rb1, locating protocols from literature, preprints, and patents to identify the most reproducible and reliable options.
This resource provides the most up-to-date and authoritative information on this important compound, enabling researchers to design more effective and efficent studies.
Also known as 20(S)-protopanaxadiol, it has been extensively studied for its potential therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects.
This compound has been the subject of numerous research studies using various experimental models and techniques.
Researchers often utilize FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum) as a supplement in cell culture media to provide essential nutrients and growth factors for the cells.
TRIzol reagent, a phenol-based solution, is commonly used for the extraction and purification of RNA from biological samples.
Methanol, a common organic solvent, is frequently employed in the preparation and analysis of Ginsenoside Rb1 samples, often in combination with HPLC-grade acetonitrile, another commonly used solvent.
The effects of Ginsenoside Rb1 have been investigated in the context of various disease models, including those involving inflammation and oxidative stress.
LPS (Lipopolysaccharide), a bacterial endotoxin, is often used to induce inflammatory responses in experimental systems, allowing researchers to study the anti-inflammatory properties of Ginsenoside Rb1.
To facilitate the analysis and quantification of Ginsenoside Rb1, researchers often utilize HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) techniques, which may involve the use of HPLC-grade acetonitrile and other solvents.
DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) is a common solvent used to dissolve Ginsenoside Rb1 and other compounds for various experimental applications.
The data generated from these studies is often analyzed using statistical software, such as GraphPad Prism 5, which allows researchers to perform a variety of statistical analyses and visualize their findings.
Microplate readers are also commonly used to measure various biological and biochemical parameters, such as cell viability, enzyme activity, and absorbance, in experiments involving Ginsenoside Rb1.
PubCompare.ai's advanced AI-driven tools can help researchers discover optimized research protocols for Ginsenoside Rb1, locating protocols from literature, preprints, and patents to identify the most reproducible and reliable options.
This resource provides the most up-to-date and authoritative information on this important compound, enabling researchers to design more effective and efficent studies.