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Glucosamine

Glucosamine is a naturally occurring amino sugar that is a key component of cartilage and other connective tissues.
It has been studied for its potential to reduce pain and improve function in individuals with osteoarthritis.
PubCompare.ai can help researchers optimize their glucosamine research by locating the best protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents.
Their AI-driven comparisons enhance reproducibility and acuracy, ensuring researchers find the most effective glucosamine products and procedures.
Explore this powerful tool to take your glucosamine research to the next level.

Most cited protocols related to «Glucosamine»

1
Plasmodium falciparum Culture and Synchronization
Cited 38 times
Parasites were cultured according to the method described by Trager and Jensen [5 (link)], with modifications [6 (link)]. Briefly, parasites were maintained in human erythrocytes (O ±, Blood Bank, EFS, Toulouse, France) routinely at 0.5–4% parasitaemia in culture medium (haematocrit: 2–4%). The culture medium consisted of RPMI (Cambrex, Belgium) complemented with 25 mM Hepes (Cambrex) and 2 mM glutamine (Sigma, l'Isle d'Abeau, France) and supplemented with 7.5% human serum (EFS). The knob+ strains (FcB1-Colombia, W2-Indochina and F32-Tanzania) were concentrated by flotation with Plasmion® (Fresenius Kabi France) followed by 5% D-sorbitol (Sigma) lysis [2 (link)]. The knobby-strain (FcM29-Cameroon) was only synchronized by 5% D-sorbitol lysis every 48 hrs [7 (link)].
Gametocyte cultures of strain W2 were initiated as described elsewhere [8 (link)], with minor modifications [9 (link)]. Cultures were then treated with 50 mM N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (Sigma) for 3–5 days to remove most of the asexual stages. Young (stage II, 7-day-old) or old (stage IV–V, 13-day-old) gametocyte cultures were tested for magnetic enrichment.
Ribaut C., Berry A., Chevalley S., Reybier K., Morlais I., Parzy D., Nepveu F., Benoit-Vical F, & Valentin A. (2008). Concentration and purification by magnetic separation of the erythrocytic stages of all human Plasmodium species. Malaria Journal, 7, 45.
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Publication 2008
Culture Media Culture Techniques Erythrocytes Glucosamine Glutamine HEPES Homo sapiens Parasitemia Parasites plasmion Serum Sorbitol Strains Volumes, Packed Erythrocyte
2
Hyphae Peptide Characterization by LC-MS/MS
Cited 10 times
Candida strains were cultured for 18 h in hyphae inducing conditions (YNB medium containing 2% sucrose, 75 mM MOPSO buffer pH 7.2, 5 mM N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, 37°C). Hyphal supernatants were collected by filtering through a 0.2 µm PES filter, and peptides were enriched by Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) using first C4 and subsequently C18 columns on the C4 flowthrough. After drying in a vacuum centrifuge, samples were resolubilised in loading solution (0.2% formic acid in 71:27:2 ACN/H2O/DMSO (v/v/v)) and filtered through a 10 kDa MWCO filter. The filtrate was transferred into HPLC vials and injected into the LC-MS/MS system. LC-MS/MS analysis was carried out on an Ultimate 3000 nano RSLC system coupled to a QExactive Plus mass spectrometer (ThermoFisher Scientific). Peptide separation was performed based on a direct injection setup without peptide trapping using an Accucore C4 column as stationary phase and a column oven temperature of 50°C. The binary mobile phase consisting of A) 0.2% (v/v) formic acid in 95:5 H2O/DMSO (v/v) and B) 0.2% (v/v) formic acid in 85:10:5 ACN/H2O/DMSO (v/v/v) was applied for a 60 min gradient elution: 0-1.5 min at 60% B, 35-45 min at 96% B, 45.1-60 min at 60% B. The Nanospray Flex Ion Source (ThermoFisher Scientific) provided with a stainless steel emitter was used to generate positively charged ions at 2.2 kV spray voltage. Precursor ions were measured in full scan mode within a mass range of m/z 300-1600 at a resolution of 70k FWHM using a maximum injection time of 120 ms and an automatic gain control target of 1e6. For data-dependent acquisition, up to 10 most abundant precursor ions per scan cycle with an assigned charge state of z = 2-6 were selected in the quadrupole for further fragmentation using an isolation width of m/z 2.0. Fragment ions were generated in the HCD cell at a normalised collision energy of 30 V using nitrogen gas. Dynamic exclusion of precursor ions was set to 20 s. Fragment ions were monitored at a resolution of 17.5k (FWHM) using a maximum injection time of 120 ms and an AGC target of 2e5.
Moyes D.L., Wilson D., Richardson J.P., Mogavero S., Tang S.X., Wernecke J., Höfs S., Gratacap R.L., Robbins J., Runglall M., Murciano C., Blagojevic M., Thavaraj S., Förster T.M., Hebecker B., Kasper L., Vizcay G., Iancu S.I., Kichik N., Häder A., Kurzai O., Luo T., Krüger T., Kniemeyer O., Cota E., Bader O., Wheeler R.T., Gutsmann T., Hube B, & Naglik J.R. (2016). Candidalysin is a fungal peptide toxin critical for mucosal infection. Nature, 532(7597), 64-68.
Publication 2016
Buffers Candida Cells formic acid Glucosamine High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Hyphae Ions isolation Nitrogen Peptides Radionuclide Imaging Solid Phase Extraction Stainless Steel Sucrose Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Tandem Mass Spectrometry Vacuum Z 300
3
Deriving Partial Atomic Charges for Glycans
Cited 8 times
Partial atomic charges were derived from the restrained electrostatic potential (RESP) charge fitting methodology.46 The ESPs for the small molecules employed in parameter development were computed from the lowest energy conformational state at the HF/cc-pVTZ level of theory with a RESP weight of 0.0005. For anionic monosaccharides, ESPs were computed with diffuse functions at the HF/6-31++G**//HF/6-31++G** level, whereas for neutral and cationic monosaccharides, calculations were performed at the HF/6-31G*//HF/6-31G* level; in each case, a RESP weight of 0.01 was employed to be compatible with GLYCAM06.
Charge models for N- and O-sulfates, glucosamine, and ΔUA were developed using the standard GLYCAM ensemble-averaged charge method.28 (link) The charges were developed for sulfates using 4-O- and 6-O-sulfated β-d-GalNAc and both anomers of N-sulfated α- and β-d-glucosamine (d-GlcNS) using initial glycan geometries extracted from co-crystallized protein–sugar complexes. For the ensemble-averaged charge calculation, an initial QM-optimized structure was used to derive single-point RESP charges and employed for 10–50 ns of MD simulations, as required, for adequate sampling of exocyclic rotamers. From the simulations, 100 evenly spaced snapshots were extracted as a representative ensemble of the 3D structures. Each of these geometries was subjected to QM optimization with all torsion angles frozen in their MD conformation. RESP charges were calculated for each frame and averaged to get the ensemble-averaged charge set for each particular molecule.
The computed charges for the sulfate moieties (SO3−) in both N- and O-sulfates were within statistical variance of each other, allowing the creation of an interchangeable sulfate residue. Examination of the sulfated sugars revealed similar atomic charges on the sulfated and nonsulfated atoms in GLYCAM06.29 (link) The most significant deviation between them was associated with the oxygen or nitrogen atom at the point of sulfate attachment. Consequently, for transferability, the charge on the linking heteroatom was adjusted as necessary to achieve a net integer charge on each sulfated sugar (Table S4.4).
Charges for protonated α- and β-d-glucosamine (GlcNH3+) were similarly developed and found to significantly vary from the GLYCAM charges for α- and β-glucose and N-acetyl-glucosamine, particularly for the ring carbon atoms (Table S4.4). This variation suggests that such analogs require unique charge sets for each monosaccharide, which is not surprising, as the positively charged site is directly adjacent to the sugar ring.
Charges for the ΔUA monomers were obtained by averaging the charges for each of the low-energy half-chair states 1H2 and 2H1 (Fig. 1a; Table S4.4).
Singh A., Tessier M.B., Pederson K., Wang X., Venot A.P., Boons G.J., Prestegard J.H, & Woods R.J. (2016). Extension and validation of the GLYCAM force field parameters for modeling glycosaminoglycans. Canadian journal of chemistry, 94(11), 927-935.
Publication 2016
Acetylglucosamine Carbohydrates Carbon Cations Electrostatics Freezing Glucosamine Glucose Monosaccharides Nitrogen Oxygen Polysaccharides Proteins Reading Frames Sugars
4
Structural Modeling of SARS-CoV-2 Envelope and Membrane Proteins
Cited 8 times
We first averaged the density of the three heterotetramers with each rhombic region (see Fig. 1c). We used Coot 34 and REMO 35 to build the atomic models for E and M proteins based on this averaged density map. The protein backbone was first traced with the ‘baton’ tool in Coot. The resulting Cα model was converted into a full-atom model with REMO. We used the CNS package 36 (link) to refine the E:M:M:E heterotetramer structure by pseudo-crystallographic methods as previously described 37 (link) with its two-fold symmetry as an non-crystallographic symmetry (NCS) restraint. One half of the tetramer, containing one copy of E and one of M, was fitted into the density of each of the three copies of E and M in an asymmetric unit. The resulting atomic model was further refined by the CNS package 36 (link) against the map of the entire virion, with icosahedral symmetry as an NCS constraint.
We then built atomic models for the glycans at Asn67 and Asn153. Atomic models for a single sugar of N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG) and a disaccharide with two NAGs were built for Asn67 and Asn153, respectively. Densities for additional sugars on these two glycosylation sites exist but are poorly ordered and were therefore not modeled. These additional sugars are more apparent in lower resolution density maps, suggesting their flexibility.
The full model was refined again in CNS as described above (R-factor: 29.3%, see R-factors of individual resolution bins in Supplementary Table 2). We also added sugars to the atomic model for the averaged tetramer and refined that model. The final R-factor for the averaged tetramer is 28.8% at 3.5 Å.
Zhang X., Ge P., Yu X., Brannan J.M., Bi G., Zhang Q., Schein S, & Zhou Z.H. (2012). CryoEM structure of the mature dengue virus at 3.5-Å resolution. Nature structural & molecular biology, 20(1), 105-110.
Publication 2012
Carbohydrates Crystallography Disaccharides Glucosamine Microtubule-Associated Proteins M protein, multiple myeloma Polysaccharides Protein Glycosylation Proteins R Factors Sugars Tetrameres Vertebral Column Virion
5
Structural Modeling of SARS-CoV-2 Envelope and Membrane Proteins
Cited 8 times
We first averaged the density of the three heterotetramers with each rhombic region (see Fig. 1c). We used Coot 34 and REMO 35 to build the atomic models for E and M proteins based on this averaged density map. The protein backbone was first traced with the ‘baton’ tool in Coot. The resulting Cα model was converted into a full-atom model with REMO. We used the CNS package 36 (link) to refine the E:M:M:E heterotetramer structure by pseudo-crystallographic methods as previously described 37 (link) with its two-fold symmetry as an non-crystallographic symmetry (NCS) restraint. One half of the tetramer, containing one copy of E and one of M, was fitted into the density of each of the three copies of E and M in an asymmetric unit. The resulting atomic model was further refined by the CNS package 36 (link) against the map of the entire virion, with icosahedral symmetry as an NCS constraint.
We then built atomic models for the glycans at Asn67 and Asn153. Atomic models for a single sugar of N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG) and a disaccharide with two NAGs were built for Asn67 and Asn153, respectively. Densities for additional sugars on these two glycosylation sites exist but are poorly ordered and were therefore not modeled. These additional sugars are more apparent in lower resolution density maps, suggesting their flexibility.
The full model was refined again in CNS as described above (R-factor: 29.3%, see R-factors of individual resolution bins in Supplementary Table 2). We also added sugars to the atomic model for the averaged tetramer and refined that model. The final R-factor for the averaged tetramer is 28.8% at 3.5 Å.
Zhang X., Ge P., Yu X., Brannan J.M., Bi G., Zhang Q., Schein S, & Zhou Z.H. (2012). CryoEM structure of the mature dengue virus at 3.5-Å resolution. Nature structural & molecular biology, 20(1), 105-110.
Publication 2012
Carbohydrates Crystallography Disaccharides Glucosamine Microtubule-Associated Proteins M protein, multiple myeloma Polysaccharides Protein Glycosylation Proteins R Factors Sugars Tetrameres Vertebral Column Virion

Most recents protocols related to «Glucosamine»

1
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Lanthanide-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots
Not available on PMC !

Example 2

A commercially available microwave oven (Hamilton Beach, model: HB-P90D23AP-ST) was used to perform a microwave-facilitated hydrothermal reaction. In a standard procedure, 0.04M aqueous solution of glucosamine hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich batch #104K0082) and either 0.008M aqueous solution of Nd(NO3)3·6H2O (Neodymium (IM) nitrate hexahydrate 99.9% trace metal basis, Sigma-Aldrich Lot #MKCH8576) or 0.009M aqueous solution of Tm(O2C2H3)3·4H2O (Thulium (III) acetate tetrahydrate, Chem Craft Ltd., CAS:207738-11-2) was processed inside the microwave oven for 60 min at between 1000-2000 W (in this embodiment, 1350 W (power level 3)) in order to produce Nd-GQDs/Tm-GQDs. The samples were further processed in order to remove the non-reactant precursors via a molecular-weight-cutoff (MWCO) 1 KDa bag dialysis for 24 h against D1 water which was changed every 30 min for the first three hours followed by changing the water every seven hours. This purified sample was further filtered using a 022 μm syringe filter in order to remove any big clusters/bundles. In other embodiments, the metal-consisting compound can any form of Lanthanide salts.

US11873433B2. Near-infrared emissive graphene quantum dots method of manufacture and uses thereof (2024-01-16). Texas Christian University [US]. Inventors: Anton V. Naumov [US], Tanvir Hasan [US].
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Patent 2024
Acetate Anabolism BAG1 protein, human Dialysis Glucosamine Graphene Lanthanoid Series Elements Metals Microwaves Neodymium Nitrates Salts Syringes Thulium
2
Molecular Weight Distribution and Monosaccharide Composition of Crude EPS
Molecular weight distributions of lyophilized crude EPS were determined by size exclusion chromatography. In brief, crude EPS powder was suspended in 0.1 M NaNO3 (0.5 mg/mL) and then filtered through a 0.45 μm pore diameter polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (Millipore Corporation, USA). The average molecular weight (MW) was determined by high-performance molecular exclusion chromatography (HPLC-SEC, Agilent 1,100 Series System, Hewlett-Packard, Germany) associated with a refractive index (IR) detector (Ibarburu et al., 2015 (link)). 50 μL of the samples were injected and eluted at a flow rate of 0.95 mL/min (pressure: 120:130 psi) at room temperature using 0.1 M NaNO3 as mobile phase. Dextrans (0.5 mg/mL) with a molecular weight between 103 and 2.106 Da (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) were used as standards.
Once the molecular weight distributions were determined, low and high molecular weight fractions that composed the crude EPS obtained at 20°C were separated. For this purpose, EPS solutions (0.2% w/v) were centrifuged through a Vivaspin™ ultrafiltration spin column 100 KDa MWCO, (Sartorious, Goettingen, Germany) for 20 min at 6000 g, eluting only the low MW fraction. Subsequently, high MW fraction retained in the column was eluted using hot distilled water. The eluted fractions were passed through a Vivaspin column (cut-off 30KDa) in order to separate the middle and low MW fraction of EPS.
Monosaccharide composition of crude EPS and their fractions were determined by gas chromatography as previously described (Notararigo et al., 2013 (link)). Briefly, 1–2 mg of EPS were hydrolyzed in 1 mL of 3 M trifluoroacetic acid (1 h at 120°C). The monosaccharides obtained were converted into alditol acetates by reduction with NaBH4 and subsequent acetylation. The samples were analyzed by gas chromatography in an Agilent 7890A coupled to a 5975C mass detector, using an HP5-MS column with helium as carrier gas at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. For each run, 1 μL of sample was injected (with a Split 1:50) and the following temperature program was performed: the oven was heat to 175°C for 1 min; the temperature was increased to 215°C at a rate of 2.5°C/min and then increased to 225°C at 10°C/min, keeping it constant at this temperature for 1.5 min. Monosaccharides were identified by comparison of retention times with standards (arabinose, xylose, rhamnose, galactose, glucose, mannose, glucosamine and galactosamine) analyzed under the same conditions. Calibration curves were also processed for monosaccharide quantification. Myo-inositol was added to each sample as internal standard.
Bengoa A.A., Dueñas M.T., Prieto A., Garrote G.L, & Abraham A.G. (2023). Exopolysaccharide-producing Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strains isolated from kefir as starter for functional dairy products. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, 1110177.
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Publication 2023
Acetates Acetylation Arabinose Dextrans Division Phase, Cell Galactosamine Galactose Gas Chromatography Gel Chromatography Glucosamine Glucose Helium High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Inositol Mannose Monosaccharides polyvinylidene fluoride Powder Pressure Retention (Psychology) Rhamnose Sugar Alcohols Tissue, Membrane Trifluoroacetic Acid Ultrafiltration Xylose
3
Iron Regulation in Airway Epithelial Cells
BEAS-2B cells were grown in 12-well plates and exposed (3 wells per plate each) to (a) media alone, (b) 200 μM FAC, (c) 1000 μg/mL NAN (the predominant sialic acid in human cells and respiratory secretions), 1000 μg/mL sodium alginate (a polymer composed of mannuronate and guluronate monosaccharides), 1000 μM sodium guluronate (a uronate), or 1000 μM sodium hyaluronate (a polymer of disaccharides composed of glucuronate and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine) and (d) both 200 μM FAC and 1000 μg/mL NAN, 1000 μg/mL sodium alginate, 1000 μM sodium guluronate, or 1000 μM sodium hyaluronate. After 24 h incubation, the cells were gently washed, scraped into 10% trichloroacetic acid dissolved in 1.0 mL of 3 N HCl, digested at 70 °C, and non-heme iron concentrations were determined using ICPOES operated at a wavelength of 238.204 nm. Exposures of the BEAS-2B cells were repeated to (a) media alone, (b) 200 μM FAC, (c) 1000 μg/mL sodium alginate, and (d) both 200 μM FAC and sodium alginate for 24 h, the media was removed, cells were scraped into 0.5 mL DPBS and disrupted, and the ferritin concentrations quantified using an immunoturbidimetric assay.
Ghio A.J., Soukup J.M., Dailey L.A, & Roggli V.L. (2023). Mucus increases cell iron uptake to impact the release of pro-inflammatory mediators after particle exposure. Scientific Reports, 13, 3925.
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Publication 2023
Cells Disaccharides Ferritin Glucosamine Glucuronate Heme Homo sapiens Immunoturbidimetric Assay Iron Monosaccharides N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Polymers Respiratory Rate Secretions, Bodily Sodium Sodium Alginate Sodium Hyaluronate Trichloroacetic Acid
4
Quantifying LpxC Activity by LC-MS
To quantify the activity of LpxC in vitro, the PaLpxC product and substrate were detected by LC–MS on an Agilent Technologies 1200 series HPLC system in line with an Agilent 6520 Q-TOF mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry operating in negative mode. Samples were separated on a Waters Symmetry C18 column (5 µm; 3.9 mm × 150 mm) with a matching column guard using the following method: flow rate = 0.5 ml min−1, 95% solvent A (H2O, 10 mM ammonium formate) and 5% solvent B (acetonitrile) for 5 min followed by a linear gradient of solvent B from 5–80% over 20 min. Agilent MassHunter Workstation Qualitative Analysis software version B.06.00 was used for analysing the MS data. The PaLpxC substrate (UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxydecanoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine) was quantified by monitoring the abundance of 776.21 m/z and resolved as a single peak, which was integrated to infer substrate concentration. The PaLpxC product (UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxydecanoyl)-glucosamine) was quantified by monitoring the abundance of 734.1944 m/z and often resolved as multiple peaks as reported previously43 (link), all of which were integrated to infer product concentration.
PaLpxC substrate and product from the aqueous fraction of methanol–chloroform-extracted whole-cell lysates were analysed by LC–MS/MS using the same settings as the LC–MS analysis described above with the following adaptations. Parent ions with m/z of 776.1986 (corresponding to the PaLpxC substrate) and m/z of 734.1872 (corresponding to the PaLpxC product) were targeted for MS/MS with a collision energy of 40. Fragment ions between 50 and 850 m/z were analysed. The relative abundance of the PaLpxC substrate and product were quantified by integrating the peaks observed for 776.1986 m/z and 734.1872 m/z, respectively. Raw LC–MS/MS data are available at 10.5281/zenodo.7455522 (ref. 42 ).
Hummels K.R., Berry S.P., Li Z., Taguchi A., Min J.K., Walker S., Marks D.S, & Bernhardt T.G. (2023). Coordination of bacterial cell wall and outer membrane biosynthesis. Nature, 615(7951), 300-304.
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Publication 2023
Acclimatization acetonitrile Acetylglucosamine Chloroform formic acid, ammonium salt Glucosamine High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Ions Methanol Parent Solvents Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry
5
Monosaccharide Quantification in EPS via LC-UV
The LC-UV analyses were performed slightly modifying the method proposed by Wang et al. [51 ] on a Jasco HPLC system (Jasco PU-2080 Plus equipped with detector UV-2070 Plus, Pfungstadt, Germany) equipped with an autosampler (Jasco AS-2055 Plus) and a column oven (Jasco CO-2067 Plus) and using a C18 column (Kromasil; 4,6 × 150 mm; 5 µm; 100°A; Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA) termostated at 20 °C. A gradient elution was developed with the mobile phase A (sodium acetate buffer, 100 mM, pH 4.00) and B (acetonitrile). Mobile phase B was increased from 17.0% to 18.5% in 10 min and from 18.5% to 25.0% in following 20 min. The column was equilibrated with the starting condition for 6 min before the next injection. Flow rate was set at 1.2 mL/min and the injection volume was 20 μL. UV detection was performed at 254 nm.
To build calibration curves, the 1.1 mM solution of each derivatized monosaccharides was diluted with sodium acetate buffer 100 mM pH 4.00 to get working solutions ranging from 0.098 to 25 μM for d-Mannose, from 0.098 to 50 μM for d-Glucosamine, from 0.39 to 25 μM for d-Galactosamine and d-Fucose, from 0.20 to 25 μM for d-Rhamnose and d-Galactose, from 0.20 to 50 μM for d-Glucose and 0.098 to 50 μM for -Xylose. Standard solutions were analysed by liquid chromatography-UV (LC–UV) method reported below. Limit of quantitation (LOQ) values were determined by performing LC-UV analysis on incremental dilutions of standard solutions and applying the formula (Eq. 1): LOQ=10σb/a where “a” is the slope and “σb” is the standard deviation of the y-intercept of the regression curves [52 ].
For the quantitation of all monosaccharides except d-Xylose, derivatized EPS were diluted 1:27 with sodium acetate buffer 100 mM, pH 4.00; for quantifying d-Xylose samples were diluted 1:10.
Giordani B., Naldi M., Croatti V., Parolin C., Erdoğan Ü., Bartolini M, & Vitali B. (2023). Exopolysaccharides from vaginal lactobacilli modulate microbial biofilms. Microbial Cell Factories, 22, 45.
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Publication 2023
acetonitrile Buffers Fucose Galactosamine Galactose Glucosamine Glucose High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Liquid Chromatography Mannose Monosaccharides Rhamnose Sodium Acetate Technique, Dilution Xylose

Top products related to «Glucosamine»

1
Glucosamine by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, China, Germany, United Kingdom
Glucosamine is a chemical compound that occurs naturally in the human body and is a key component of cartilage. It is commonly used in laboratory and research settings to study its potential effects on joint health and function.
2
N acetyl d glucosamine by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine is a monosaccharide that is a derivative of glucose. It is a common building block in various biological polymers, such as chitin and hyaluronic acid. This compound is widely used in research and laboratory settings for various applications.
3
D glucosamine hydrochloride by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Spain
D-glucosamine hydrochloride is a chemical compound that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is a crystalline solid that is soluble in water and is typically used in various applications in the field of biochemistry and cell biology.
4
D mannose by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, China, United Kingdom, India, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe, Belgium, Singapore
D-mannose is a type of sugar that can be used as a component in laboratory equipment and processes. It serves as a basic chemical substance for various applications in research and development.
5
D glucose by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Australia, France, Italy, Canada, Sao Tome and Principe, Japan, Macao, Israel, Switzerland, Spain, Belgium, India, Poland, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, Brazil, Singapore, Netherlands
D-glucose is a type of monosaccharide, a simple sugar that serves as the primary source of energy for many organisms. It is a colorless, crystalline solid that is soluble in water and other polar solvents. D-glucose is a naturally occurring compound and is a key component of various biological processes.
6
Bovine serum albumin (bsa) by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Japan, France, Sao Tome and Principe, Canada, Macao, Spain, Switzerland, Australia, India, Israel, Belgium, Poland, Sweden, Denmark, Ireland, Hungary, Netherlands, Czechia, Brazil, Austria, Singapore, Portugal, Panama, Chile, Senegal, Morocco, Slovenia, New Zealand, Finland, Thailand, Uruguay, Argentina, Saudi Arabia, Romania, Greece, Mexico
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a common laboratory reagent derived from bovine blood plasma. It is a protein that serves as a stabilizer and blocking agent in various biochemical and immunological applications. BSA is widely used to maintain the activity and solubility of enzymes, proteins, and other biomolecules in experimental settings.
7
D galactose by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Sao Tome and Principe, China, Poland, Belgium, Japan
D-galactose is a monosaccharide carbohydrate. It is a constituent of many natural polysaccharides, including lactose, cerebrosides, and gangliosides. D-galactose can be used as a laboratory reagent.
8
N acetylglucosamine by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom
N-acetylglucosamine is a naturally occurring amino sugar that is a key building block of chitin and glycoproteins. It is commonly used in various laboratory applications as a reagent or substrate.
9
Galactose by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, China, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Sao Tome and Principe, Italy, France, Canada, Singapore, Japan, Spain, Sweden
Galactose is a monosaccharide that serves as a core component in various laboratory analyses and experiments. It functions as a fundamental building block for complex carbohydrates and is utilized in the study of metabolic processes and cellular structures.

More about "Glucosamine"

Glucosamine is a naturally occurring amino sugar that is a key component of cartilage and other connective tissues.
It has been extensively studied for its potential to reduce pain and improve function in individuals with osteoarthritis.
Glucosamine, along with related compounds like N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucosamine hydrochloride, is believed to play a role in the maintenance and repair of joint and connective tissues.
Beyond its applications in osteoarthritis, glucosamine has also been investigated for its potential benefits in other areas, such as supporting healthy skin, nails, and hair.
Additionally, glucosamine is sometimes used in combination with other supplements like chondroitin, MSM, or collagen, which may provide synergistic effects.
When it comes to sourcing glucosamine, it can be derived from various sources, including shellfish, fermentation, or even synthesized.
D-mannose, D-glucose, and Bovine serum albumin are some of the related compounds that may be involved in the production or processing of glucosamine supplements.
Researchers and clinicians continue to explore the optimal dosage, formulation, and delivery methods for glucosamine to maximize its effectiveness and safety.
PubCompare.ai can be a valuable tool in this process, helping to identify the best protocols and procedures from the scientific literature, pre-prints, and patents.
By leveraging AI-driven comparisons, researchers can enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of their glucosamine studies, ultimately leading to more effective treatments and improved outcomes for patients.