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Glucuronides

Glucuronides are conjugates formed by the attachment of glucuronic acid to endogenous or exogenous compounds.
This conjugation process, known as glucuronidation, is a major pathway for the metabolism and elimination of many substances, including hormones, drugs, and environmental toxins.
Glucuronides can be found in various biological fluids and tissues, and their measurement can provide valuable insights into physiological and pathological processes.
Researchers interested in studying glucuronides can leverage PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven tool that helps identify the most reproducible and accurate methods from the literature, preprints, and patents.
This platform enables users to find the optimal protocols and products for their glucuronide research, delivering precise, data-driven results to support their investigations.

Most cited protocols related to «Glucuronides»

1
Comprehensive Metabolite Extraction and Derivatization
Cited 10 times
The following reagents and authentic standard compounds were obtained
from (suppliers): water, isopropanol, and acetonitrile (Fisher Optima); pyridine
(Acros Organics); C8 – C30 fatty acid methyl esters
[FAMEs], methoxyamine hydrochloride [MeOX],
ethoxyamine hydrochloride [EtOX],
N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide
[MSTFA],
N-methyl-N-(trimethyl-d9-silyl)-trifluoroacetamide
[MSTFA-d9], ammonium formate, formic acid, and
N-methyl-L-alanine (Sigma-Aldrich);
2′-O-methyluridine-5′-triphosphate,
3′-O-methyluridine-5′-triphosphate,
5-methyluridine-5′-triphosphate (TriLink BioTechnologies);
4-hydroxypropofol-1-O-β-D-glucuronide, and
4-hydroxypropofol-4-O-β-D-glucuronide (Toronto
Research Chemicals).
All metabolites extraction procedures are kept on ice, the quantities
for sample aliquots were 25 μL for blood plasma,
5×106 for cells, 5 mg for tissues, 2 mL for algae
cultures. Metabolites were extracted with 1,000 μL degassed
acetonitrile:isopropanol:water (3:3:2, v/v/v), and then homogenized,
centrifuged, decanted, and evaporated. Extracts were cleaned by 500 μL
degassed acetonitrile:water (1:1, v/v) to remove triglycerides and membrane
lipids, and evaporated again. For GC-MS analysis, internal standards C8
– C30 FAMEs were added to determine the retention index. The dried
samples were derivatized with 10 μL MeOX (or EtOX) in pyridine and
subsequently by 90 μL MSTFA (or MSTFA-d9) for trimethylsilylation of
acidic protons. For LC-MS analysis, the extracted samples were resuspended in 50
μL acetonitrile:water (4:1, v/v) and submitted to instrument.
Lai Z., Tsugawa H., Wohlgemuth G., Mehta S., Mueller M., Zheng Y., Ogiwara A., Meissen J., Showalter M., Takeuchi K., Kind T., Beal P., Arita M, & Fiehn O. (2017). Identifying epimetabolites by integrating metabolome databases with mass spectrometry cheminformatics. Nature methods, 15(1), 53-56.
Publication 2017
2'-O-methyluridine 3-methyluridine acetonitrile Alanine Cells Esters Fatty Acids formic acid formic acid, ammonium salt Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Glucuronides Isopropyl Alcohol methoxyamine hydrochloride N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide Plasma Protons pyridine Retention (Psychology) ribothymidine Tissues trifluoroacetamide Triglycerides triphosphate
2
Nicotine Metabolism, Smoking Behavior, and NNAL
Cited 10 times
To test this hypothesis, 109 smokers of ≥10 cigarettes per day and ages 18–65 years were recruited from participants in a nicotine replacement therapy trial (for exclusion criteria see 15). The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Pennsylvania and all other analytical sites.
Participants were recruited from April 2005 to February 2006. Following informed consent and prior to initiating treatment, they completed measures of demographics, smoking history, current cigarette brand, and nicotine dependence level (Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence; FTND;16). They provided a 15ml blood sample for analysis of nicotine metabolites, assayed at the University of California, San Francisco via liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (9 (link)). Genotyping for CYP2A6 variants was performed at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Toronto, Canada) as previously described (17 ). A 30ml urine sample was provided and assayed for total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), the sum of NNAL and its glucuronides, at the University of Minnesota per standard procedures (18 ).
In a smoking-approved ventilated room, participants smoked one of their own brand cigarettes under ad libitum conditions, using a smoking topography device (Clinical Research Support System; Borgwaldt, Richmond VA) validated in prior research (19 , 20 (link)). Participants were asked to refrain from smoking for one hour prior to their laboratory smoking session, and were generally compliant (mean 64.3 minutes; SD=35.4, range 42–190). Total puff volume, defined as the sum of all puffs taken, was a priori selected as the outcome measure for analysis (21 (link), 22 ).
NMR values were positively skewed (+1.8) and have positive kurtosis (+4.8) consistent with previously results, and was therefore log-transformed (15 , 17 ). NMR quartiles were created (15 , 23 (link)) and CYP2A6 genotypes were coded as described previously (17 ). NMR quartiles, previously determined from Received Operator Characteristic analyses, have been used to characterize smokers' response to transdermal nicotine treatment and bupropion (15 ; 17 ; 24 (link)), and therefore were used in this study to assist comparisons to previous research that utilized NMR. Hypotheses were tested using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) where total puff volume and total NNAL were the outcome measures and NMR quartile was the between group factor. Fisher's post-hoc analyses were used to identify quartile differences. Regression analysis was used to examine the association between log-transformed NMR and total puff volume, as well as with NNAL. Stepwise regression analysis was used to examine the association between smoking behavior (daily cigarette consumption, total puff volume, and their product as an index of daily puff volume) and total NNAL levels, retaining covariates at p<.2.
Strasser A.A., Benowitz N.L., Pinto A.G., Tang K.Z., Hecht S.S., Carmella S.G., Tyndale R.F, & Lerman C.E. (2011). Nicotine metabolite ratio predicts smoking topography and carcinogen biomarker level. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 20(2), 234-238.
Publication 2010
Addictive Behavior Bupropion Butyl Alcohol CYP2A6 protein, human Ethics Committees, Research Genotype Glucuronides Hematologic Tests Liquid Chromatography Mental Health Nicotine Nicotine Dependence Tandem Mass Spectrometry Therapy, Hormone Replacement Urine
3
Prenatal BPA Exposure Metabolomics Analysis
Cited 9 times
Statistical analysis was performed using STATA version 12 [49 ]. Samples with analyte concentrations below the LOD were imputed with LOD/√2. For analyses that compared concentrations of BPA, BPA glucuronide and BPA sulfate within samples, we converted the concentrations of BPA glucuronide and BPA sulfate to the concentrations of BPA in glucuronide and sulfate forms, respectively. Specifically, we multiplied the concentrations of BPA glucuronide by the ratio of the molecular weight of BPA to that of BPA glucuronide (0.5645), and the concentrations of BPA sulfate by the ratio of the molecular weight of BPA to that of BPA sulfate (0.7404). We also summed BPA, BPA in glucuronide form and BPA in sulfate form to calculate Total BPA and the percent of Total BPA in original, glucuronide and sulfate form. In addition to permitting a comparison of the relative levels of the analytes within a sample, BPA in glucuronide form, BPA in sulfate form and Total BPA are the best metrics for comparing concentrations in this study to all previous studies of BPA exposure in umbilical cord serum, which made indirect measurements of conjugated BPA.
We log-transformed analyte concentrations due to their right-skewed distributions; only BPA sulfate and Total BPA levels were approximately normal after transformation and therefore we used non-parametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman’s, Wilcoxon signed rank) for univariate analyses. To compare concentrations of analytes within samples, we defined three groups based on the dominant analyte in the sample, compared levels of Total BPA between these groups and, using Pearson’s χ2 test, evaluated the association between these groups and having Total BPA levels above the median. Sex differences in BPA metabolic pathways have been reported in the literature on adult humans; therefore we examined sex differences in analyte levels and in dominant BPA analyte using Fisher’s Exact test. Lastly, we evaluated the association between gestational age and analyte levels through correlation and regression models, adjusting for sex. Due to the frequencies of non-detect BPA and BPA glucuronide, for these outcomes we used tobit regression [50 -51 ], which treats
Gerona R.R., Woodruff T.J., Dickenson C.A., Pan J., Schwartz J.M., Sen S., Friesen M.M., Fujimoto V.Y, & Hunt P.A. (2013). Bisphenol-A (BPA), BPA glucuronide, and BPA sulfate in mid-gestation umbilical cord serum in a Northern and Central California population. Environmental science & technology, 47(21), 10.1021/es402764d.
Publication 2013
Adult Gestational Age Glucuronides Serum Sulfates, Inorganic Umbilical Cord
4
Quantifying Nicotine and Metabolites
Cited 8 times
Concentrations of nicotine, cotinine and trans-3′ hydroxycotinine in plasma and urine samples were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, as described in detail previously.(7 (link)) Urine samples were assayed before and after deconjugation with a glucuronidase enzyme, as described previously.(3 (link)) The concentration before deconjugation represents the free (unconjugated) concentration, while the concentration after deconjugation represents the total (sum of free and conjugated) metabolite. In addition to nicotine, cotinine and 3HC and their glucuronides, we also measured nicotine N-oxide, cotinine N-oxide, nornicotine and its glucuronide and norcotinine and its glucuronide. Abbreviations used for nicotine and metabolites are as follows: nicotine = Nic; nicotine glucuronide = Nic-G; cotinine = Cot; cotinine glucuronide = Cot-G; trans 3′ hydroxycotinine = 3HC; trans 3′ hydroxycotinine glucuronide = 3HC-G
Benowitz N.L., Dains K.M., Dempsey D., Yu L, & Jacob P I.I.I. (2010). Estimation of Nicotine Dose after Low Level Exposure Using Plasma and Urine Nicotine Metabolites. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 19(5), 1160-1166.
Publication 2010
beta-Glucuronidase Cotinine cotinine-N-oxide Enzymes Glucuronides hydroxycotinine Liquid Chromatography Nicotine nicotine N-glucuronide norcotinine nornicotine Oxides Plasma Tandem Mass Spectrometry Urine
5
Detecting Fentanyl Exposure Among Drug Users
Cited 7 times

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Publication 2017
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult Amphetamines Benzodiazepines benzoylecgonine Buprenorphine Cannabis Chromatography Cocaine delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid Dextroamphetamine Dronabinol Eligibility Determination Fentanyl Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Glucuronides Heroin HIV Seropositivity Illicit Drugs Immunoassay Metabolism Methadone Methamphetamine Morphine norfentanyl Oxazepam Oxycodone Pharmaceutical Preparations Prescription Drugs Street Youth Substance Abuse Detection Substance Use Urine Youth

Most recents protocols related to «Glucuronides»

1
Enzyme Activity Assays in Fabry Mice
GLA activities were determined in Fabry mouse tissues using previously described methods (Desnick et al., 1973 (link)). In brief, tissue samples were homogenized in chilled reporter lysis buffer (Promega) and protease inhibitor (Pierce) was added to the lysates. Protein concentrations were determined using the Bio-Rad Colorimetric Protein Assay Kit. 10 μL of tissue lysate was added to an equal volume of 10 mM 4-methylumbelliferyl-α-D-galactopyranoside (Sigma-Aldrich), dissolved in assay buffer (0.2 M citrate, 0.4 M phosphate buffer, pH 4.4), and 0.1 M N-acetylgalactosamine (Sigma Aldrich), the latter to inhibit α-galactosidase B activity (Mayes et al., 1981 (link)). Following a 30 min incubation at 37°C, reactions were terminated by the addition of 480 μL of 0.1 M ethylenediamine, pH 10.3. The amount of 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) produced was determined by measuring fluorescence using a Synergy H1 fluorometer (BioTek). Tissue α-Gal A activities were expressed as nmol of 4-MU produced per h per mg of total protein (nmol/h/mg). Measurement of plasma GLA activities in wildtype mice for PK studies was performed as described above with the following modifications: lysates were incubated with 5 mM 4-methylumbelliferyl α-D-galactopyranoside in assay buffer [20 mM citrate, 30 mM sodium phosphate (pH 4.4), 0.1 M N-acetylgalactosamine, and 4 mg/mL BSA], and the reaction was stopped by addition of stop buffer (0.1 M Glycine, 0.1 N NaOH], as previously described (Shen et al., 2016 (link)).
AGA activity was measured with 1 mM L-aspartic acid β-(7- amido-4-methylcoumarin) in 10% SuperBlock and 90% 50 mM Tris-HC (pH 7.5) for 60 min at 37°C, and then adding 100 µL of stop buffer [0.2 M glycine, 0.175 M NaOH (pH 10.6)], as previously described (Mononen et al., 1993 (link)). GUSB enzyme assay was performed using 10 mM 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronide (Merck) in 0.1 M sodium acetate (pH 4.6) at 37°C for 30 min, and reactions were stopped by 0.1 M sodium carbonate (Grubb et al., 2008 (link)). GAA activity assay was performed with 3 mM 4-methylumbelliferyl-a-D-glucopyranoside (Merck) in assay buffer (30 mM sodium citrate, 40 mM sodium phosphate dibasic, pH 4.0) at 37°C for 3 h (Flanagan et al., 2009 (link)). Reactions were stopped by the addition of an equal volume of 0.4 M glycine, pH 10.8. IDS activity assay was performed with 2.5 mM 4-Methylumbelliferyl sulfate potassium salt (Merck) in 50 mM sodium acetate, at 37°C for 4 h (Dean et al., 2006 (link)). Reactions were stopped with glycine carbonate buffer (pH 10.7). Fluorescence was measured by microplate reader with 360/40 nm excitation and 440/30 nm emission filters.
Chen Y.H., Tian W., Yasuda M., Ye Z., Song M., Mandel U., Kristensen C., Povolo L., Marques A.R., Čaval T., Heck A.J., Sampaio J.L., Johannes L., Tsukimura T., Desnick R., Vakhrushev S.Y., Yang Z, & Clausen H. (2023). A universal GlycoDesign for lysosomal replacement enzymes to improve circulation time and biodistribution. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 11, 1128371.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
4-benzaldehydesulfonic acid 4-methylumbelliferyl sulfate, potassium salt 7-methylcoumarin Acetylgalactosamine Aspartic Acid Biological Assay Buffers Carbonates Cardiac Arrest Citrates Colorimetry Enzyme Assays Ethylenediamines Exhaling Fluorescence Galactose Galactosidase Glucuronides Glycine Hymecromone Mice, House Phosphates Plasma Promega Protease Inhibitors Proteins RRAD protein, human Sodium Acetate sodium carbonate Sodium Citrate sodium phosphate Tissues Tromethamine
2
Histochemical GUS activity assay
Detection of GUS activity was performed using 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoyl-β-D-glucuronide (X-Gluc) as described in67 (link), with modifications68 (link). Briefly, 4, 7 or 12 dps seedlings were infiltrated into fresh GUS substrate for 5 min (30,000 Pa) and then incubated for 72 h at 37 °C. Seedlings were, washed twice with water and preserved in 1x PBS-50% glycerol at 4 °C until observation under an Axioskop2 plus microscope (Zeiss) or a MZ9.5 stereomicroscope (Leica).
Vergara Z., Gomez M.S., Desvoyes B., Sequeira-Mendes J., Masoud K., Costas C., Noir S., Caro E., Mora-Gil V., Genschik P, & Gutierrez C. (2023). Distinct roles of Arabidopsis ORC1 proteins in DNA replication and heterochromatic H3K27me1 deposition. Nature Communications, 14, 1270.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Glucuronides Glycerin Microscopy Seedlings
3
Biparental LsAPRR2 Promoter GUS Assay
The first 2000 bp of the biparental LsAPRR2 promoter were cloned (Supplementary Table S1) and subsequently ligated into an expression vector (pBI121) containing a β-Glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene (Li et al., 2022 (link)). The Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 strain was transformed with the fusion reporter vectors as well as the empty vector. Transformed Agrobacterium cell suspension was injected into tobacco leaves and samples were immersed in X-Gluc buffer 7 days after injection (12 mM potassium ferricyanide, 0.3% (v/v) Triton X-100, 12 mM potassium ferrocyanide and 1 mg/ml 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-glucuronide). The buffer was allowed to penetrate the samples under vacuum, stained overnight at 37°C, decolorized by several washes in 75% (v/v) ethanol, and photographed after complete decolorization of the chlorophyll (Koo et al., 2007 (link)).
Huo Y., Zhang G., Yu W., Liu Z., Shen M., Zhao R., Hu S., Zheng X., Wang P, & Yang Y. (2023). Forward genetic studies reveal LsAPRR2 as a key gene in regulating the green color of pericarp in bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria). Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1130669.
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Publication 2023
Agrobacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens beta-Glucuronidase Buffers Cells Chlorophyll Cloning Vectors Ethanol Genes, vif Glucuronides Nicotiana potassium ferricyanide potassium ferrocyanide Strains Triton X-100 Vacuum
4
GUS Staining and Fluorometric Assay
For GUS staining, 2-week-old seedlings were immersed in staining solution [containing 1 mM X-Gluc, 100 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.0; 1 mM potassium ferricyanide (K3Fe(CN)6), 1 mM potassium ferrocyanide (K4Fe(CN)6), 10 mM EDTA, pH 8.0; 0.1% Triton X-100] (prepared just before use and stored in the dark). Samples were treated in the dark in a shaker at 100 rpm at 37ºC overnight. After washed in ddH2O for 2–3 times, seedlings were boiled in de-staining solution (containing glacial acetic acid: anhydrous ethanol = 3:1) for 10 min till became completely transparent, then photographed. Fluorometric GUS activity was detected using 4-methyl-umbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronide (4-MUG) as the substrate. Samples (0.1 g) were harvested and homogenized in extraction buffer (Cat. SL7161, Coolaber, Beijing), after being centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 10 min, aliquots of supernatant were incubated for 10, 20 min at 37ºC in extraction buffer containing 1 mM 4-MUG. The reaction was terminated by addition of 0.2 M Na2CO3. Fluorescence was then measured on a fluorescent spectrophotometer (F97pro, Shanghai) with 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) as standard. Protein concentration was measured using Bradford Kit (Cat. SK1060, Coolaber, Beijing) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as standard.
Zhou Z., Wang J., Yu Q, & Lan H. (2023). Promoter activity and transcriptome analyses decipher functions of CgbHLH001 gene (Chenopodium glaucum L.) in response to abiotic stress. BMC Plant Biology, 23, 116.
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Publication 2023
4-methylumbelliferyl glucuronide Absolute Alcohol Acetic Acid Buffers Edetic Acid Exhaling Fluorescence Fluorometry Glucuronides Hymecromone potassium ferricyanide potassium ferrocyanide Proteins Seedlings Serum Albumin, Bovine sodium phosphate Triton X-100
5
Glucuronidation Assay Using Recombinant UGTs
Microsomes from baculovirus insect
cells expressing human UGT isoforms (Supersomes) were obtained from
Corning GmbH, Germany. These included microsomes from baculovirus-infected
insect cells expressing UGT 1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A6, 1A9, 2B7, and 2B15
Supersomes (total protein content 5 mg/mL) prepared from cells without
the human liver UGT cDNA insert. Microsomes were stored at −80
°C until used for experiments. Microsomal preparations were diluted
in 0.1 M TRIS pH 7.4 buffer to a final protein concentration of 1
mg/mL. Compound solutions with a final concentration of 10 μM
were prepared from 1 mM DMSO stock solution in double-distilled H2O. UDPGA (25 mM) (uridine-diphosphate-glucuronic acid), 50
mM Saccharolacton, and 50 μg/mL Alamethicin stock solutions
were prepared in double-distilled H2O. For the experiment,
10 μL of 1 mg/mL microsomal preparations, 27.5 μL of H2O, 22.5 μL of 400 mM TRIS pH 7.5/40 mM MgCl2 buffer, 10 μL of Saccharolacton stock solution, and 10 μL
of Alamethicin stock solution were mixed and preincubated for 5 min
at 4 °C. Subsequently, 10 μL of 10 μM compound solution
and 10 μL of 25 mM UDPGA solution were added to achieve a total
of 100 μL incubation volume. The reaction was started by heating
to 37 °C and stopped after 15 and 30 min, respectively, by cooling
to 4 °C and adding 50 μL of 33% ACN in H2O.
Samples were centrifuged at 4000 rpm, 4 °C, and supernatants
were transferred to 96-well plates for quantification of parent compound
depletion and glucuronide formation via HPLC-MS/MS.
Thamm S., Willwacher M.K., Aspnes G.E., Bretschneider T., Brown N.F., Buschbom-Helmke S., Fox T., Gargano E.M., Grabowski D., Hoenke C., Matera D., Mueck K., Peters S., Reindl S., Riether D., Schmid M., Tautermann C.S., Teitelbaum A.M., Trünkle C., Veser T., Winter M, & Wortmann L. (2023). Discovery of a Novel Potent and Selective HSD17B13 Inhibitor, BI-3231, a Well-Characterized Chemical Probe Available for Open Science. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 66(4), 2832-2850.
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Publication 2023
Alamethicin Baculoviridae Cells DNA, Complementary Glucuronides Hepatocyte High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Homo sapiens Intestinal Atresia, Multiple Magnesium Chloride Microsomes M protein, multiple myeloma Parent Protein Isoforms Proteins Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Tandem Mass Spectrometry Tromethamine Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid

Top products related to «Glucuronides»

1
Acetonitrile by Merck Group
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Acetonitrile is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid. It is a commonly used solvent in various analytical and chemical applications, including liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and other laboratory procedures. Acetonitrile is known for its high polarity and ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds.
2
Formic acid by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, Italy, United Kingdom, France, Spain, China, Poland, India, Switzerland, Sao Tome and Principe, Belgium, Australia, Canada, Ireland, Macao, Hungary, Czechia, Netherlands, Portugal, Brazil, Singapore, Austria, Mexico, Chile, Sweden, Bulgaria, Denmark, Malaysia, Norway, New Zealand, Japan, Romania, Finland, Indonesia
Formic acid is a colorless, pungent-smelling liquid chemical compound. It is the simplest carboxylic acid, with the chemical formula HCOOH. Formic acid is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications.
3
Alamethicin by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Sao Tome and Principe, Germany, Belgium
Alamethicin is a peptide-based laboratory product manufactured by Merck Group. It functions as an ion channel-forming polypeptide, facilitating the movement of small molecules across lipid bilayers in controlled experimental settings.
4
Acetonitrile by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Acetonitrile is a highly polar, aprotic organic solvent commonly used in analytical and synthetic chemistry applications. It has a low boiling point and is miscible with water and many organic solvents. Acetonitrile is a versatile solvent that can be utilized in various laboratory procedures, such as HPLC, GC, and extraction processes.
5
Formic acid by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Formic acid is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound used in various industrial and laboratory applications. It is the simplest carboxylic acid, with the chemical formula HCOOH. Formic acid has a pungent odor and is highly corrosive. It is commonly used as a preservative, pH adjuster, and analytical reagent in laboratory settings.
6
4 methylumbelliferyl β d glucuronide by Merck Group
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4-methylumbelliferyl-β-d-glucuronide is a chemical compound used as a substrate in laboratory tests. It is a fluorogenic substrate that emits a fluorescent signal upon enzymatic cleavage. The core function of this product is to facilitate the detection and quantification of specific enzymes or enzymatic activities in various research and diagnostic applications.
7
Methanol by Merck Group
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Methanol is a clear, colorless, and flammable liquid that is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications. It serves as a solvent, fuel, and chemical intermediate. Methanol has a simple chemical formula of CH3OH and a boiling point of 64.7°C. It is a versatile compound that is widely used in the production of other chemicals, as well as in the fuel industry.
8
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) by Merck Group
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DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
9
7 hydroxycoumarin by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, China, Germany
7-hydroxycoumarin is a chemical compound used as a laboratory reagent. It is a naturally occurring coumarin derivative that can be utilized in various analytical and research applications.
10
P nitrophenyl β d glucuronide by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
P-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucuronide is a chemical compound used as a substrate for the detection and quantification of β-glucuronidase activity. It is a colorless, crystalline solid that, upon enzymatic hydrolysis, releases p-nitrophenol, a yellow-colored compound that can be measured spectrophotometrically to determine the amount of β-glucuronidase present in a sample.

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