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Glyoxal

Glyoxal is a highly reactive dialdehyde compound that has a wide range of applications in scientific research and industrial processes.
It is commonly used as a fixative, cross-linking agent, and preservative in various fields, including histology, biochemistry, and material science.
Glyoxal exhibits unique chemical properties that make it useful for modifying the structure and properties of biomolecules, polymers, and other materials.
Despite its widespread use, accurately identifying the best protocols and methods for glyoxal-based experiments can be challenging, as the scientific literature contains a large and diverse body of information.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform helps researchers optimize their glyoxal research by providing intelligent tools to compare and select the most accurate and reproducible protocols from scientific publications, preprints, and patents.
This enhances the quality and reliability of glyoxal experiments, leading to more robust and trustworthy results.

Most cited protocols related to «Glyoxal»

Measuring Cell Penetration by Fixatives

Cited 13 times

Measuring cell penetration by the fixative (Fig 1A and B; Appendix Fig S1) was done using the dyes propidium iodide (Sigma‐Aldrich #P4170) and FM 1‐43 (Biotium #70020). COS‐7 fibroblast cells (obtained from the Leibniz Institute DSMZ—German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Culture), plated on poly‐L‐lysine (PLL)‐coated coverslips and cultured under standard conditions, were washed briefly in pre‐warmed COS‐7 cell Ringer (130 mM NaCl, 4 mM KCl, 5 mM CaCl₂, 1 mM MgCl₂, 48 mM glucose, 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.4). Afterward, the respective fixatives were added to the cells, containing either propidium iodide (5 μM) or FM 1‐43 (1.5 μM). The cells were imaged for 60 min or 10 min, respectively, using an inverted epifluorescence microscope (Nikon Eclipse Ti‐E), as described in the Imaging section, below.
To determine the intensity of the propidium iodide stainings (Fig 3B), COS‐7 cells were fixed in the appropriate fixative for 30 min on ice and for another 30 min at room temperature, followed by 20 min of quenching in 100 mM NH₄Cl and 100 mM glycine. After washing in PBS for 5 min, the cells were incubated in 5 μM propidium iodide in PBS for 10 min at room temperature. After a 15‐min wash‐off in PBS, the cells were imaged using the same microscope as in the previous paragraph.
For the optimization of glyoxal fixation (Appendix Table S1), cultured primary hippocampal neurons were fixed for 30 min on ice and another 30 min at room temperature in the respective fixative, followed by 10‐min quenching in 100 mM NH₄Cl. The neurons were washed two times briefly in PBS and imaged in a 1.5 μM FM 1‐43 solution using an Olympus IX71 inverted epifluorescence microscope described below in the imaging section.

Richter K.N., Revelo N.H., Seitz K.J., Helm M.S., Sarkar D., Saleeb R.S., D'Este E., Eberle J., Wagner E., Vogl C., Lazaro D.F., Richter F., Coy‐Vergara J., Coceano G., Boyden E.S., Duncan R.R., Hell S.W., Lauterbach M.A., Lehnart S.E., Moser T., Outeiro T.F., Rehling P., Schwappach B., Testa I., Zapiec B, & Rizzoli S.O. (2017). Glyoxal as an alternative fixative to formaldehyde in immunostaining and super‐resolution microscopy. The EMBO Journal, 37(1), 139-159.

Publication 2017

Cell Culture Techniques Cells COS-7 Cells Dyes Fibroblasts Fixatives FM1 43 Glucose Glycine Glyoxal HEPES Lysine Magnesium Chloride Microscopy Neurons Poly A Propidium Iodide Sodium Chloride Staining

RNA Extraction and Northern Blot Analysis

Cited 9 times

RNA was extracted from cell pellets using TRI reagent (Sigma-Aldrich) and analyzed by glyoxal-agarose gel or urea-PAGE and transferred to nylon membrane. For Northern blot analysis, oligonucleotides (Table S4) were 5′ labeled with γ-[³²P]ATP using T4 polynucleotide kinase and used as probes. Random prime-labeled probes hybridizing immediately upstream and downstream of the A’ cleavage in the 5′ETS (ETS1 and ETS2, respectively) were produced from PCR products (Turner et al., 2009 (link)). Random prime-labeled probes against the full-length RNase MRP RNA and the S domain of 7SL were also generated.
For metabolic labeling experiments using ³H methyl-methionine, the cells were incubated in methionine-free media (15 min) and then in methionine-free media containing 50 µCi/ml ³H-labeled methyl-methionine (30 min). The cells were then incubated in normal media containing 10× the normal concentration of methionine and harvested at the required time points (0, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min). For metabolic labeling experiments using ³²P orthophosphate, cells were grown in phosphate-free media (1 h) followed by phosphate-free media containing 15 µCi/ml ³²P-labeled inorganic phosphate (1 h). Cells were then incubated in normal media and harvested at the required time points (0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min). RNA was extracted using TRI reagent and analyzed by agarose-glyoxal or urea-PAGE as appropriate. Results were visualized using a phosphorimager (Typhoon FLA9000; GE Healthcare). All quantitation was normalized to the levels of mature 18S or 28S rRNA, as appropriate.

Sloan K.E., Mattijssen S., Lebaron S., Tollervey D., Pruijn G.J, & Watkins N.J. (2013). Both endonucleolytic and exonucleolytic cleavage mediate ITS1 removal during human ribosomal RNA processing. The Journal of Cell Biology, 200(5), 577-588.

Publication 2013

Cells Cytokinesis Glyoxal Methionine methionine methyl ester Northern Blotting Nylons Oligonucleotides Orthophosphate Pellets, Drug Phosphates Polynucleotide 5'-Hydroxyl-Kinase RNA, Ribosomal, 28S RNA Probes RNAse MRP Sepharose Tissue, Membrane Typhoons Urea

Rat Hippocampal Neuron Culture and Immunostaining

Cited 6 times

Rat primary hippocampal neuron cultures (Fig 4 and Appendix Figs S12–S14) were prepared as described before (Opazo et al, 2010; Beaudoin et al, 2012) and were cultured either under standard conditions, or in Banker arrangements, locally separated from the astrocyte feeder layer (as described in Kaech & Banker, 2006). The neurons, plated on poly‐L‐lysine coated cover slips, were fixed in PFA (pH 7, pH 4/5 or with Et‐OH) or glyoxal for 60 min and were subsequently quenched for 30 min in 100 mM NH₄Cl. The pH of the glyoxal solution used for fixation is presented in Table 1. For each antibody, we used the pH that provided a brighter immunostaining. Permeabilization and background epitope blocking were achieved by incubating the neurons for 15 min in blocking solution, containing 2.5% BSA and 0.1% Triton X‐100 in PBS. The samples were incubated with primary antibodies diluted in blocking solution, for 60 min at room temperature. Table 2 presents the antibodies and their dilutions from 1 mg/ml stocks. After washing another 15 min in blocking solution, secondary antibodies were applied for 60 min, at room temperature. Subsequent washing in high‐salt PBS (500 mM NaCl) and PBS was followed by embedding in Mowiol. The samples were imaged with a STED TCS SP5 microscope (Leica).

Publication 2017

Antibodies Astrocytes Cardiac Arrest Epitopes Feeder Cell Layers Figs Glyoxal Immunoglobulins Lysine Microscopy Neurons Poly A Sodium Chloride Technique, Dilution Triton X-100

Optimized Fixation Protocol for Proteomics

Cited 4 times

For all experiments, a 4% w/v paraformaldehyde (Sigma‐Aldrich #P6148) solution and a 3% v/v glyoxal (Sigma‐Aldrich #128465) solution were used. Paraformaldehyde was dissolved in PBS (137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 10 mM Na₂HPO₄, 2 mM KH₂PO₄, pH 7.4). The glyoxal solution was prepared according to the following protocol:
For ~4 ml glyoxal solution mix:

2.835 ml ddH₂O

0.789 ml ethanol (absolute, for analysis)

0.313 ml glyoxal (40% stock solution from Sigma‐Aldrich, #128465)

0.03 ml acetic acid

Vortex the solution and bring the pH to 4 or 5 by adding drops of 1 M NaOH until respective pH is reached. Check pH with pH indicator paper. The solution should be kept cool and used within a few days, otherwise glyoxal might precipitate. If the stock solution shows precipitation, glyoxal can be redissolved by heating the solution to ~50°C (see also information provided by Sigma‐Aldrich).
Results obtained with glyoxal at pH 5 are shown in all figures, unless noted otherwise (Appendix Fig S2 shows data obtained from glyoxal pH 4). For several control experiments (as noted in the figure legends), the same amount of ethanol was added to the PFA solution.
The fixatives for the SDS–PAGE experiments (Fig 3A, Appendix Fig S7) were prepared so that the final amount of PFA and glyoxal (mixed with the cytosol samples) were 4% and 3%, respectively. As a control for the SDS–PAGE experiments, 0.2% glutaraldehyde (AppliChem #A3166) was added to a 4% PFA solution, as noted in the respective figure legend.

Publication 2017

Cytosol Ethanol Fixatives Glutaral Glyoxal paraform SDS-PAGE Sodium Chloride Vinegar

Chitosan/Collagen Composite Gel Formation

Cited 4 times

Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions

Open the protocol to access the free full text link

Publication 2011

Acetic Acid Bos taurus Cell-Matrix Junction Chitosan Collagen Collagen Type I Glyoxal Solon

Most recents protocols related to «Glyoxal»

Synthesis of Pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine Derivative

Not available on PMC !

Example 11

[Figure (not displayed)]

Step a: To a stirred suspension of 2,4-dichloro-6-methyl-3-nitropyridine (2.5 g, 12 mmol) in 24 mL of THE was added a solution of 7N NH₃in MeOH (14 mL, 98 mmol). After stirring for 3 h, the volatiles were removed in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give 2-chloro-6-methyl-3-nitropyridin-4-amine. C₆H₇CN₃O₂[M+H]⁺ 188.0, found 188.0.

Step b: To a stirred mixture of 2-chloro-6-methyl-3-nitropyridin-4-amine (760 mg, 4.1 mmol) and Fe (1.1 g, 20 mmol) in a 5:1 solution of EtOH/H₂O (24 mL) was added 4.4 mL of conc. HCl. The contents were refluxed for 30 min, then cooled to room temperature and quenched with 100 mL of sat. NaHCO₃(aq). The mixture was extracted with EtOAc and the combined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to yield 2-chloro-6-methylpyridine-3,4-diamine. MS: (ES) m/z calculated for C₆H₉ClN₃[M+H]⁺ 158.0, found 158.0.

Step c: To a stirred solution of 2-chloro-6-methylpyridine-3,4-diamine (0.49 g, 3.1 mmol) in 3 mL of EtOH was added a 40% w/w aqueous solution of glyoxal (2.0 mL, 12 mmol). After refluxing for 16 h, the mixture was diluted with H₂O and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layers were combined, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give 5-chloro-7-methylpyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine. MS: (ES) m/z calculated for C₈H₇ClN₃[M+H]⁺ 180.0, found 180.1.

Step d: To a stirred solution of 5-chloro-7-methylpyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine (200 mg, 1.0 mmol) and 2′-chloro-2-methyl-3′-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-amine (350 mg, 1.0 mmol) in 2 mL of MeCN was added AcOH (0.18 mL, 3.1 mmol). After 30 min, the volatiles were concentrated in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give N-(2′-chloro-2-methyl-3′-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-7-methylpyrido[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-amine. MS: (ES) m/z calculated for C₂₇H₂₉BClN₄O₂[M+H]⁺ 487.2, found 487.2.

Step e: To a stirred solution of N-(2′-chloro-2-methyl-3′-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-7-methylpyrido[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-amine (390 mg, 0.66 mmol), 6-chloro-2-methoxynicotinaldehyde (240 mg, 1.4 mmol), and K₃PO₄(490 mg, 2.3 mmol) in a 1:1 solution of 1,4-dioxane/H₂O (3.3 mL) under N₂(g) was added Pd(PPh₃)₄(76 mg, 0.066 mmol). The mixture was stirred under N₂(g) at 90° C. for 3 h. The mixture was diluted with H₂O and then extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The crude residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give 6-(2-chloro-2′-methyl-3′-((7-methylpyrido[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl)amino)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-2-methoxynicotinaldehyde. MS: (ES) m/z calculated for C₂₈H₂₃ClN₅O₂[M+H]⁺ 496.2, found 496.2.

Step f: To a stirred mixture of 6-(2-chloro-2′-methyl-3′-((7-methylpyrido[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl)amino)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-2-methoxynicotinaldehyde (120 mg, 0.25 mmol), (S)-5-(aminomethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one hydrochloride (150 mg, 0.99 mmol), and trimethylamine (0.14 mL, 0.99 mmol) in a 4:1 solution of DCM/MeOH (5 mL) was added NaBH(OAc)₃(530 mg, 2.5 mmol). After stirring for 30 min, the mixture was filtered through Celite, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The product was purified by preparative HPLC to give the product (S)-5-((((6-(2-chloro-2′-methyl-3′-((7-methylpyrido[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl)amino)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-2-hydroxypyridin-3-yl)methyl)amino)methyl)pyrrolidin-2-one. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.59 (s, 1H), 9.32 (s, 1H), 9.07 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.86 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.23 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.50-7.43 (m, 1H), 7.35 (dd, J=7.9, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (s, 1H), 6.96 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.55 (s, 2H), 6.43 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 4.07 (s, 3H), 3.95-3.84 (m, 1H), 2.48 (s, 4H), 2.26-2.15 (m, 3H), 2.11 (s, 3H), 1.86-1.70 (m, 1H). MS: (ES) m/z calculated for C₃₂H₃₁ClN₇O₂[M+H]⁺ 580.2, found 580.1.

US11866429B2. Heteroaryl-biphenyl amines for the treatment of PD-L1 diseases (2024-01-09). CHEMOCENTRYX, INC. [US]. Inventors: Pingchen Fan [US], Christopher W. Lange [US], Rebecca M. Lui [US], Darren J. McMurtrie [US], Ryan J. Scamp [US], Ju Yang [US], Yibin Zeng [US], Penglie Zhang [US].

Patent 2024

1H NMR 2-picoline 4-nitropyridine Amines Bicarbonate, Sodium Celite Chromatography Diamines Dioxanes diphenyl Ethanol Gel Chromatography Glyoxal High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Pyrazines Silica Gel Silicon Dioxide Sulfate, Magnesium Sulfoxide, Dimethyl trimethylamine

Synthesis of 1-(4,5-Diamino-10-aza-tricyclo)Derivative

Not available on PMC !

Example 10

The mixture of 1-(4,5-Diamino-10-aza-tricyclo[6.3.1.02,7]dodeca-2(7),3,5-trien-(73.0 g, 0.256 mole), methanol (146 mL) and water (146 mL) were treated with 40% aqueous glyoxal (40.88 g, 0.2816 mole) and aqueous solution of sodium bisulfite (58.58 g, 0.563 mole in 117.5 mL of water) at 55-60° C. for 3 hours. Thereafter, cooled the mass to 20-30° C., water (730 mL, 10.0 volume) was added and stirred at 20-30° C. for 2 hours. The obtained solid was filtered and slurry washed with water. The semi-dried crude product was crystallized from methanol. Yield: 58.0 g.

US11872234B2. Vareniciline compound and process of manufacture thereof (2024-01-16). Par Pharmaceutical, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Joseph Prabahar Koilpillai [IN], Sayuj Nath [IN], Satish Patil [IN], Somasundaram Muthuramalingam [IN], Selvakumar Viruthagiri [IN], Mohankumar Lakshmanan [IN].

Patent 2024

Azacitidine Glyoxal Methanol Moles sodium bisulfite Trientine

Glyoxal-Fixed Chromosome FISH Analysis

Young-adult males (ten per slide) were dissected in 10 µl sperm salt solution on 0.01% poly-L-lysine coated glass slides. Gonads were incubated for 2 min with 0.06% Triton/sperm salt solution. We added the same amount of glyoxal fixative mix (8% glyoxal solution (#128465, Sigma Aldrich), 20% ethanol, 0.75% acetic acid, 71% H₂O, pH = 4–5) to the solution and incubated for 4 min. Gonads were fixed on the glass slides by freezing in liquid nitrogen, immersed in methanol and stored at −20 °C. Gonads were twice washed with 2× SSCT (saline sodium citrate (SSC) with 0.1% Tween-20) for 5 min, denatured with 50% formamide/1× SSCT for 6 h, mounted with 10 µl FISH probe mix (1 µM probe oligo, 1.275 mg Dextran, 1.7 µl 20× SSC, 5.8 µl Formamid, 1.23 µl H₂O), denatured again at 93 °C for 2 min and hybridized at 37 °C overnight. After hybridization, slides were washed with 2× SSCT for 5 min three times. Gonads were mounted with 1/100 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole/Vectashield and observed on the fluorescent microscope (Imager.Z1, Zeiss).
For the FISH analysis of Prophase I cells of BC1 female, BC1 female animals were prepared as described for the QTL analysis that follows. Adult BC1 females (eight per slide) were dissected in 10 µl sperm salt solution on Superfrost Plus Gold adhesion microscope slides (#K5800AMNZ, Epredia). Gonads were fixed on glass slides by freezing in liquid nitrogen, immersed in methanol and stored at −20 °C. The hybridization steps were the same as described for male gonads.

Yoshida K., Rödelsperger C., Röseler W., Riebesell M., Sun S., Kikuchi T, & Sommer R.J. (2023). Chromosome fusions repatterned recombination rate and facilitated reproductive isolation during Pristionchus nematode speciation. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 7(3), 424-439.

Publication 2023

Acetic Acid Acid Hybridizations, Nucleic Animals Cells Dextran Ethanol Females Fishes Fixatives formamide Glyoxal Gold Gonads Lysine Males Meiotic Prophase I Methanol Microscopy Nitrogen Oligonucleotides Poly A Saline Solution Sodium Chloride Sodium Citrate Sperm Testis Tween 20 Woman Young Adult

Analysis of Building Materials and Chemicals

Some building materials such as pieces of deteriorated plastic carpets were also analysed as such. Chemicals such as emodin, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and 1-octen-3-ol were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and diluted into ethanol as indicated. The surfactants included the anionic detergent SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate, Sigma–Aldrich), the cationic detergent DDDAC (didecyldimethylammonium chloride; Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and three nonionic detergents, Genapol X-080 (polyethyleneglycol monoalkyl ether), Triton X-100 (polyethyleneglycol-p-is-octylphenyl ether) and Tween 80 (polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate), all from Sigma–Aldrich. DDDAC was diluted into methanol and other surfactants into water.

Paavanen-Huhtala S., Kalichamy K., Pessi A.M., Häkkilä S., Saarto A., Tuomela M., Andersson M.A, & Koskinen P.J. (2023). Biomonitoring of Indoor Air Fungal or Chemical Toxins with Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes. Pathogens, 12(2), 161.

Publication 2023

1-octen-3-ol 2-ethylhexanol Cations Detergents didecyldimethylammonium chloride Emodin Ethanol Ethyl Ether genapol X 080 Glyoxal Methanol Polyethylene Glycols Pyruvaldehyde sorbitan monooleate Sulfate, Sodium Dodecyl Surfactants Triton X-100 Tween 80

Rat Brain Tissue Preservation

Twenty-four hours following MCAO, rats were perfused with a glyoxal solution consisting of 3% glyoxal (Sigma Aldrich #128465, St. Louis, MO, USA), 20% ethanol, and 0.75% acetic acid, pH 4.5. Brains were removed and post-fixed overnight at 4 °C. The brains were then cryoprotected in 20% and 30% sucrose solutions in PBS and snap-frozen at −75 °C in isopentane on dry ice. Tissue sectioning was performed in a cryostat (Leica Biosystems) and 10 μm sections were mounted onto charged glass slides and stored at −80 °C until immunofluorescence analysis was performed.

Lochhead J.J., Williams E.I., Reddell E.S., Dorn E., Ronaldson P.T, & Davis T.P. (2023). High Resolution Multiplex Confocal Imaging of the Neurovascular Unit in Health and Experimental Ischemic Stroke. Cells, 12(4), 645.

Publication 2023

Acetic Acid Brain Dry Ice Ethanol Freezing Glyoxal Immunofluorescence isopentane Rattus Sucrose Tissues

Top products related to «Glyoxal»

Glyoxal by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Sao Tome and Principe

Glyoxal is a chemical compound with the formula C2H2O2. It is a colorless, crystalline solid that is soluble in water and other polar solvents. Glyoxal is commonly used as a crosslinking agent, preservative, and in various industrial applications.

Methylglyoxal by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Sao Tome and Principe

Methylglyoxal is a chemical compound used in laboratory and research settings. It is a colorless, volatile liquid with a pungent odor. Methylglyoxal is commonly used as a precursor and intermediate in various chemical reactions and synthetic processes.

Northern max gly kit by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States

The Northern Max-Gly Kit is a laboratory product designed for the extraction and purification of RNA from various sample types. It provides a rapid and effective method for isolating high-quality RNA suitable for downstream applications such as Northern blotting.

Bovine serum albumin (bsa) by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Japan, France, Sao Tome and Principe, Canada, Macao, Spain, Switzerland, Australia, India, Israel, Belgium, Poland, Sweden, Denmark, Ireland, Hungary, Netherlands, Czechia, Brazil, Austria, Singapore, Portugal, Panama, Chile, Senegal, Morocco, Slovenia, New Zealand, Finland, Thailand, Uruguay, Argentina, Saudi Arabia, Romania, Greece, Mexico

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a common laboratory reagent derived from bovine blood plasma. It is a protein that serves as a stabilizer and blocking agent in various biochemical and immunological applications. BSA is widely used to maintain the activity and solubility of enzymes, proteins, and other biomolecules in experimental settings.

Tri reagent by Merck Group

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TRI Reagent is a single-step liquid extraction reagent used for the isolation of total RNA, DNA, and proteins from a wide range of biological samples. It is a mixture of phenol and guanidine isothiocyanate in a monophasic solution.

D glucose by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Australia, France, Italy, Canada, Sao Tome and Principe, Japan, Macao, Israel, Switzerland, Spain, Belgium, India, Poland, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, Brazil, Singapore, Netherlands

D-glucose is a type of monosaccharide, a simple sugar that serves as the primary source of energy for many organisms. It is a colorless, crystalline solid that is soluble in water and other polar solvents. D-glucose is a naturally occurring compound and is a key component of various biological processes.

Rneasy mini kit by Qiagen

Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Spain, Japan, Canada, France, China, Australia, Italy, Switzerland, Sweden, Belgium, Denmark, India, Jamaica, Singapore, Poland, Lithuania, Brazil, New Zealand, Austria, Hong Kong, Portugal, Romania, Cameroon, Norway

The RNeasy Mini Kit is a laboratory equipment designed for the purification of total RNA from a variety of sample types, including animal cells, tissues, and other biological materials. The kit utilizes a silica-based membrane technology to selectively bind and isolate RNA molecules, allowing for efficient extraction and recovery of high-quality RNA.

Trizol reagent by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, China, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, Canada, France, Italy, Australia, Spain, Switzerland, Netherlands, Belgium, Lithuania, Denmark, Singapore, New Zealand, India, Brazil, Argentina, Sweden, Norway, Austria, Poland, Finland, Israel, Hong Kong, Cameroon, Sao Tome and Principe, Macao, Taiwan, Province of China, Thailand

TRIzol reagent is a monophasic solution of phenol, guanidine isothiocyanate, and other proprietary components designed for the isolation of total RNA, DNA, and proteins from a variety of biological samples. The reagent maintains the integrity of the RNA while disrupting cells and dissolving cell components.

Penicillin streptomycin by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Canada, France, Japan, Australia, Switzerland, Israel, Italy, Belgium, Austria, Spain, Gabon, Ireland, New Zealand, Sweden, Netherlands, Denmark, Brazil, Macao, India, Singapore, Poland, Argentina, Cameroon, Uruguay, Morocco, Panama, Colombia, Holy See (Vatican City State), Hungary, Norway, Portugal, Mexico, Thailand, Palestine, State of, Finland, Moldova, Republic of, Jamaica, Czechia

Penicillin/streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic solution for cell culture applications. It contains a combination of penicillin and streptomycin, which are broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Sodium hydroxide (naoh) by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany, United States, India, United Kingdom, Italy, China, Spain, France, Australia, Canada, Poland, Switzerland, Singapore, Belgium, Sao Tome and Principe, Ireland, Sweden, Brazil, Israel, Mexico, Macao, Chile, Japan, Hungary, Malaysia, Denmark, Portugal, Indonesia, Netherlands, Czechia, Finland, Austria, Romania, Pakistan, Cameroon, Egypt, Greece, Bulgaria, Norway, Colombia, New Zealand, Lithuania

Sodium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white, odorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and is a strong base. It is commonly used in various laboratory applications as a reagent.

What are the common applications of Glyoxal?

Glyoxal is a versatile dialdehyde compound with a wide range of applications. It is commonly used as a fixative, cross-linking agent, and preservative in fields such as histology, biochemistry, and material science. Glyoxal is particularly useful for modifying the structure and properties of biomolecules, polymers, and other materials, making it an essential tool for researchers and industrial processes.

What are some of the challenges in working with Glyoxal?

One of the main challenges in working with Glyoxal is accurately identifying the best protocols and methods for your specific experiments. The scientific literature contains a large and diverse body of information on Glyoxal, which can make it difficult to select the most effective and reproducible protocols. Typcially, researchers need to spend a significant amount of time reviewing and comparing different studies to determine the optimal approach for their research goals.

How can PubCompare.ai help with Glyoxal research?

PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can significantly streamline the process of finding the most accurate and reproducible protocols for Glyoxal-based experiments. The platform allows researchers to efficiently screen protocol literature and leverage AI to pinpoint critical insights. By comparing protocols from scientific publications, preprints, and patents, PubCompare.ai can help you identify the most effective methods for your specific research goals, enhancing the quality and reliability of your Glyoxal experiments.

More about "Glyoxal"

Glyoxal, a highly reactive dialdehyde compound, has a wide range of applications in scientific research and industrial processes.
It is commonly used as a fixative, cross-linking agent, and preservative in various fields, including histology, biochemistry, and material science.
Glyoxal's unique chemical properties make it useful for modifying the structure and properties of biomolecules, polymers, and other materials.
Methylglyoxal, a related compound, is also employed in scientific research and has been studied for its potential therapeutic applications.
The Northern Max-Gly Kit, for example, utilizes methylglyoxal-based technology for the detection and quantification of glyoxal and methylglyoxal in biological samples.
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a commonly used protein in glyoxal-based experiments, often serving as a blocking agent or standard.
TRI Reagent and TRIzol reagent, on the other hand, are used for the extraction and purification of RNA, which can be important in glyoxal-related studies involving gene expression or RNA modifications.
D-glucose, a common sugar, can also play a role in glyoxal research, as it can undergo reactions with glyoxal to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs).
The RNeasy Mini Kit is another tool that may be utilized in glyoxal-related studies for the isolation and purification of RNA.
Penicillin and streptomycin are antibiotics that are frequently used in cell culture experiments, including those involving glyoxal, to prevent microbial contamination.
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a chemical that can be used to adjust the pH of solutions, which may be important in optimizing glyoxal-based protocols.
Despite the widespread use of glyoxal, accurately identifying the best protocols and methods for glyoxal-based experiments can be challenging, as the scientific literature contains a large and diverse body of information.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform helps researchers optimize their glyoxal research by providing intelligent tools to compare and select the most accurate and reproducible protocols from scientific publications, preprints, and patents.
This enhances the quality and reliability of glyoxal experiments, leading to more robust and trustworthy results.