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Graphene oxide

Graphene oxide is a two-dimensional carbon material derived from graphite, characterized by the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups.
This unique structure endows graphene oxide with versatile properties, making it a promising candidate for a wide range of applications, including catalysis, energy storage, water purification, and biomedical applications.
Researchers can explore the latest developments in graphene oxide research using PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform, which can help identify the best protocols and products from the literature, pre-prints, and patents.
Streamline your graphene oxide research and experience the future of scientific discovery today with PubCompare.ai's powerful tools.

Most cited protocols related to «Graphene oxide»

1
Scalable Synthesis of Graphene Oxide
Cited 18 times
Typically, flake graphite (10 g), KMnO4 (6 g) and K2FeO4 (4 g) as the oxidants, and boric acid (0.01 g) as a stabilizer were first dispersed in 100 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid in a vessel and stirred for 1.5 h at less than 5 °C. After the addition of another KMnO4 (5 g), the vessel was transferred into a water bath at about 35 °C and stirred for another 3 h to complete the deep oxidation. Next, as 250 mL of deionized water was slowly added, the temperature was adjusted to 95 °C and held for 15 minutes, when the diluted suspension turned brown, indicating the hydrolysis and absolute exfoliation of intercalated graphite oxide. Finally, this brown suspension was further treated with 12 mL H2O2 (30%) to reduce the residual oxidants and intermediates to soluble sulfate, then centrifuged at 10000 rpm for 20 min to remove the residual graphite, and washed with 1 mol/L HCl and deionized water repeatedly, producing the terminal GO (designated GO2). For comparison, another GO (designated GO1) was synthesized following Kovtyukhova improved Hummers method20 , except two of little modification: (1) the ingredients were adjusted slightly, as shown in Table S1; (2) both preoxidation and oxidation time was set at 4 hours.
Yu H., Zhang B., Bulin C., Li R, & Xing R. (2016). High-efficient Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Based on Improved Hummers Method. Scientific Reports, 6, 36143.
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Publication 2016
ARID1A protein, human Bath Blood Vessel boric acid Graphite Hydrolysis Oxidants Oxides Peroxide, Hydrogen potassium ferrate Sulfates, Inorganic sulfuric acid Tooth Exfoliation
2
Mechanical Exfoliation of 2D Materials
Cited 15 times
Graphene and hBN are cleaved on 100 nm Si oxide thermally grown on standard 4 inch Si wafers. Natural graphite crystals (NaturGrafit GmbH) and hBN bulk crystals (HQgraphene) were mechanically exfoliated with Nitto Denko SWT 20+ die sawing tape. Oxidized silicon is treated in oxygen plasma for 3 min (PlasmaEtch PE-50, 300 mbar O2, 120 W), and the 2D material loaded tape is immediately applied to the silicon oxide surface. The tape is subsequently released from the surface by heating to 85 °C on a hot plate.
Pizzocchero F., Gammelgaard L., Jessen B.S., Caridad J.M., Wang L., Hone J., Bøggild P, & Booth T.J. (2016). The hot pick-up technique for batch assembly of van der Waals heterostructures. Nature Communications, 7, 11894.
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Publication 2016
Dietary Fiber Graphene Graphite Oxides Plasma Silicon Silicon Dioxide
3
Plunge-Freezing of Lysenin Oligomers on Graphene Oxide
Cited 15 times
Specimens were plunge-frozen using a custom fabricated plunger at 4 °C. Lysenin oligomers (3 μl of ∼0.2 mg ml−1) were applied to copper 300 square mesh Quantifoil R1.2/1.3 holey-carbon grids (Quantifoil Micro Tools, GmbH) overlaid with graphene oxide (see below) and left to adhere for 30 s. The grids were then blotted from the specimen side for 10 s before being plunge-frozen in liquid ethane. Specimens were imaged on an FEI Titan Krios transmission electron microscope operating at an accelerating voltage of 300 kV. Micrographs were recorded in super-resolution counting mode using a Gatan K2 Summit direct electron detector at the end of a Gatan Quantum energy filter in zero-loss mode and an energy selecting slit width of 20 eV. The total dose on the specimen was 47 e− per Å2 fractionated over 20 frames with a calibrated pixel size of 0.715 Å for the super-resolution micrographs.
Bokori-Brown M., Martin T.G., Naylor C.E., Basak A.K., Titball R.W, & Savva C.G. (2016). Cryo-EM structure of lysenin pore elucidates membrane insertion by an aerolysin family protein. Nature Communications, 7, 11293.
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Publication 2016
Carbon Copper Electrons Ethane Freezing graphene oxide lysenin Reading Frames Transmission Electron Microscopy
4
Surface Modification of Graphene Oxide for Cryo-EM
Cited 13 times

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Publication 2019
Amines Anabolism Biopharmaceuticals Epoxy Resins Ethanol Ethylenediamines Sulfoxide, Dimethyl
5
Structural Insights into RecBCD-Chi Complex
Cited 12 times
Prior to preparing grids, RecBCD was thawed and desalted into 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 50mM NaCl, 0.5 mM TCEP using Sephadex G25 spintrap columns (GE Healthcare). The protein was mixed with a 1.5 fold excess of DNA substrate for 10 min at room temperature. Final concentrations were 1 μM RecBCD and 1.5 μM DNA substrate. A RecBCD-Chi complex was prepared using a Chi-containing DNA substrate with a Y spacing of 8 and a Z spacing of 4 (see Figure 1). For the Chi-minus dataset, a complex was prepared using the negative control substrate lacking Chi. For the Chi-minus 2 dataset, a complex was prepared using a Chi-containing DNA substrate with a Y spacing of 6 and a Z spacing of 4 (Figure 1). For the Chi-plus 2 dataset, a complex was prepared using a Chi-containing DNA substrate with a Y spacing of 10 and a Z spacing of 4 (Figure 1). Quantifoil R2/2 μm holey carbon film grids (300 mesh) were treated by plasma cleaning for 30 s before being covered with graphene oxide sheets. In order to improve grid preparation reproducibility and hydrophilicity of the graphene oxide, the following method was used: 5μl of graphene oxide solution (Aldrich 763705, 2mg/ml) were mixed with 5μl of 1.5% w/v solution of nonionic detergent n-Dodecyl-β-D-Maltoside. The mixture was diluted 100 times with water and 5ul was applied to the carbon side of the grid. A sharp edge of a piece of filter paper was applied to the centre of the opposite surface of the grid to pull the graphene oxide solution through the grid. Grids were used within 30 minutes of graphene oxide application. Sample (4 μL) was evenly applied to the graphene oxide-coated side of the grid, followed by a 5 s wait time, 1 s blot time, and freezing in liquid ethane using a Vitrobot Mark IV (FEI). The Vitrobot chamber was maintained at close to 100% humidity at 4°C.
The dataset with the Chi substrate was collected using a Titan Krios microscope operated at 300 KV at eBIC, Diamond, UK. Zero loss energy images were collected automatically using EPU (FEI) on a Gatan K2-Summit detector in counting mode with a pixel size of 1.047 Å. A total of 3,721 images were collected with a nominal defocus range of −1.3 to −2.5 μm in 0.3 μm increments. Each image consisted of a movie stack of 40 frames with a total dose of 45 e-/Å2 over 10 s corresponding to a dose rate of 5 e-/pixel/s. The dataset with the Chi-minus control substrate was collected using a similar collection strategy again with a Gatan K2-Summit detector and Titan Krios microscope at eBIC, Diamond, UK. The pixel size was 1.048 Å and a total of 788 images were collected with a similar defocus range to the above. A total dose of 45 e-/Å2 was split into 40 frames over 7 s, corresponding to a dose rate of 7 e-/pixel/s.
The datasets with the Chi-minus 2 and Chi-plus 2 were collected using a Titan Krios microscope operated at 300 KV at eBIC, Diamond, UK. Zero loss energy images were collected automatically using EPU (FEI) on a Falcon3 detector in integrating mode with a pixel size of 1.085 Å. A total of 4,013 images (Chi-minus 2 substrate) and 3,613 images (Chi-plus 2 substrate) were collected with a nominal defocus range of −1.2 to −2.7 μm in 0.3 μm increments. Each image consisted of a movie stack of 39 frames with a total dose of 76 e-/Å2 over 1 s corresponding to a dose rate of 89 e-/pixel/s.
Cheng K., Wilkinson M., Chaban Y, & Wigley D.B. (2020). A conformational switch in response to Chi converts RecBCD from phage destruction to DNA repair. Nature structural & molecular biology, 27(1), 71-77.
Publication 2019
Carbon Detergents Diamond DNA, A-Form Ethane graphene oxide Humidity Microscopy Plasma Proteins Reading Frames sephadex Sodium Chloride Strains tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine Tromethamine

Most recents protocols related to «Graphene oxide»

1
Multilayer Graphene Oxide Characterization
The nanomaterial used in this experiment was multilayer graphene oxide, which was purchased from Suzhou Tanfeng Graphene Technology Co., Ltd. (Suzhou, China). Its appearance was black-brown powder, purity > 95%, and the composition was C content 68.44%, O content 30.92%, and S content 0.63%. Its thickness was 3.4–7 nm, the diameter of the sheet was 10–50 μm, the number of layers was 6–10, and the specific surface area was 100–300 m2·g−1.
Zhou X., Zhang B., Meng Q, & Li L. (2024). Effects of Graphene Oxide on Endophytic Bacteria Population Characteristics in Plants from Soils Contaminated by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Molecules, 29(10), 2342.
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Publication 2024
2
Graphene Oxide Synthesis from Graphite
Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized previously by modifying the Hummers–Hofmann method, starting from Micrograph 99835HP powder graphite (National Graphite Company, São Paulo, Brazil). This process yielded nanosheets consisting of 75% carbon and 21% oxygen.
Cecconello V, & Poletto M. (2024). Effect of Graphene Oxide Surface Deposition Process on Synthetic Macrofibers and Its Results on the Microstructure of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete. Polymers, 16(8), 1168.
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Publication 2024
3
Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Using Hummer's Method
The
most common and widely used method is Hummer’s method for making
graphene oxide. Graphene oxide (GO) is also sometimes called graphitic
acid. For graphene oxide preparation, 3 g of graphite and 18 g of
KMnO4 with a 9:1 ratio of H2SO4 to
H3PO4 was mixed and the final volume was made
up to 400 mL. After 12 h of continuous stirring at a temperature of
50 °C, the reaction mixture was poured into 400 mL of ice by
making an ice bath. After the mixture was cooled while being continuously
stirred by a glass rod, it was treated with H2O2 having a quantity of 3 mL for precipitated GO. The mixture of GO
was washed with hydrochloric acid (HCl) (5%), deionized water, and
ethanol before filtration. Finally, GO solution was obtained and centrifuged
for additional purification and graphene oxide sheets preparation.34 (link)
Shakoor M.H., Shakoor M.B., Jilani A., Ahmed T., Rizwan M., Dustgeer M.R., Iqbal J., Zahid M, & Yong J.W. (2024). Enhancing the Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue with Graphene Oxide-Encapsulated g-C3N4/ZnO Ternary Composites. ACS Omega, 9(14), 16187-16195.
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Publication 2024
4
Solvent-free Synthesis of Graphene Oxide
The graphene oxide nanoparticles were initially synthesized by direct heating solvent-free method based on the literature35 (link). To do this, citric acid was used as an appropriate carbon source. In a typical synthesis, 5.00 g of citric acid (Merk, Germany) was introduced into a beaker, followed by direct heating at 200 °C for about 2.0 h to produce solid black graphene oxide nanoparticles. Notably, after 5.0 min of the reaction, a liquated yellow-colored product was produced. The color was changed to orange within 30.0 min. Finally, after 2 h from the solvent-free heating the orange liquid transferred into the final blackish solid graphene oxide nanoparticles.
Naghshgar N., Hosseinzadeh S., Derakhshandeh A., Shaali R, & Doroodmand M.M. (2024). Introducing a portable electrochemical biosensor for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis detection using graphene oxide and chitosan. Scientific Reports, 14, 34.
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Publication 2024
5
Synthesizing Graphene Oxide from Graphite
To synthesize graphene oxide, a reaction vessel was used to combine graphite flakes (3 g) and sodium nitrate (3 g). The vessel was then placed in an ice bath to create a controlled low-temperature environment. Over, one hour, sulfuric acid (20%, 150 mL) was slowly and thoroughly added to the mixture. Following that, potassium permanganate (9 g) was introduced. The reaction vessel was heated to 40 °C and stirred for 2 h until the mixture obtained a waxy consistency.
Afterward, distilled water (150 mL) was added to the reaction mixture, and the temperature was raised to approximately 90 °C. It was maintained at this level for 30 min during the reaction. While stirring, hydrogen peroxide (20%, 30 mL) was gradually incorporated into the mixture, resulting in a color change to a dark brown hue.
Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was centrifuged to separate the graphene oxide. The separated graphene oxide was washed with deionized water until it reached a neutral pH. Finally, the graphene oxide was dried in an oven at a moderate temperature (60 °C) for 12 h.
Parastar Gharehlar M., Sheshmani S., Nikmaram F.R, & Doroudi Z. (2024). Synergistic potential in spinel ferrite MFe2O4 (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles-mediated graphene oxide: Structural aspects, photocatalytic, and kinetic studies. Scientific Reports, 14, 4625.
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Publication 2024

Top products related to «Graphene oxide»

1
Hydrochloric acid (hcl) by Merck Group
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Hydrochloric acid is a commonly used laboratory reagent. It is a clear, colorless, and highly corrosive liquid with a pungent odor. Hydrochloric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas.
2
Potassium permanganate by Merck Group
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Potassium permanganate is a chemical compound used in laboratory settings. It is a strong oxidizing agent with a deep purple color. Potassium permanganate is commonly used in various analytical and experimental procedures, but its specific applications should be determined by the intended use and relevant safety protocols.
3
Graphite powder by Merck Group
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Graphite powder is a fine, black, crystalline powder made from pure carbon. It is a versatile material with various industrial applications, serving as a crucial component in numerous laboratory equipment and processes.
4
Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
5
Sodium hydroxide (naoh) by Merck Group
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Sodium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white, odorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and is a strong base. It is commonly used in various laboratory applications as a reagent.
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Hydrogen peroxide by Merck Group
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Hydrogen peroxide is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound with the formula H2O2. It is a common laboratory reagent used for its oxidizing properties.
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Kmno4 by Merck Group
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Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is a chemical compound commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is a strong oxidizing agent that can be used in various analytical and purification processes. The core function of KMnO4 is to serve as an oxidizing agent, providing a controlled and consistent source of oxygen for chemical reactions and analyses.
9
Graphene oxide by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, India, Brazil, Malaysia
Graphene oxide is a single-layer material composed of carbon atoms with oxygen-containing functional groups. It exhibits unique physical and chemical properties, such as high specific surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, and good mechanical strength. Graphene oxide is widely used in various applications, including electronics, energy storage, and water purification.
10
S 4800 by Hitachi
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The S-4800 is a high-resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) manufactured by Hitachi. It provides a range of imaging and analytical capabilities for various applications. The S-4800 utilizes a field emission electron gun to generate high-quality, high-resolution images of samples.

More about "Graphene oxide"

Graphene oxide (GO) is a versatile two-dimensional carbon material derived from the exfoliation and oxidation of graphite.
It is characterized by the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups, such as hydroxyl, epoxy, and carboxyl groups, which endow it with unique physical and chemical properties.
This remarkable structure makes GO a promising candidate for a wide range of applications, including catalysis, energy storage, water purification, and biomedical interventions.
Researchers can explore the latest developments in GO research using PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform, which can help identify the best protocols and products from the literature, pre-prints, and patents.
The platform's powerful tools can streamline the research process, enabling scientists to discover and compare the most effective GO-based solutions.
In the context of GO research, related materials and compounds play a crucial role.
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) are commonly used in the oxidation and exfoliation of graphite to produce GO.
Graphite powder serves as the starting material, while sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) may be employed in various purification and functionalization steps.
Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is another important component, as it can be used to stabilize and disperse GO in biological systems, making it suitable for biomedical applications.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can help researchers navigate the vast literature, patents, and pre-prints to identify the most effective protocols and products for their GO-based research, streamlining the discovery process and advancing the field of graphene oxide science.