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Hexamethonium

Hexamethonium is a synthetic compound with pharmacological properties as a ganglion-blocking agent.
It is used in medical research to study the effects of autonomic nervous system regulation and can be employed as a therapeutic agent for certain cardiovascular conditions.
Hexamethonium works by inhibiting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, thereby preventing transmission of nerve impulses through the autonomic ganglia.
Researchers utilize Hexamethonium to investigate physiological processes and develop new treatments, though its use requires careful consideration due to potential side effects.
The PubCompare.ai platform can assist scietists in locating high-quality Hexamethonium research protocols and optimizing their experimentatin for enhanced reproducibility and insight.

Most cited protocols related to «Hexamethonium»

1
Adenovirus Titration and Quantification
Cited 15 times
For infectivity assays, virus for titration was serially diluted in DMEM supplemented with 10% FCS and 50 μl of inoculum was added per well of a 96 well plate containing sub-confluent HEK293A cells. After 24 hours a further 50 μl media was added to cells, and after 48 hours infectivity was assessed. For GFP expressing viruses, the GFP positive cells were visualised directly and counted by fluorescent microscopy. For marker-less viruses, an anti-hexon immunostaining assay based on the QuickTiter™ Adenovirus Titer Immunoassay kit (Cell Biolabs Inc) was used [22] (link). Cells were fixed at −20°C in methanol, before the plates were blocked with 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Adenovirus hexon protein was stained by addition of 50 ul per well primary mouse anti-hexon polyclonal antibody (Cell Biolabs Inc.) followed by 50 ul secondary anti mouse horseradish peroxidise (HRP) conjugated antibody. Staining was developed by addition of 3,3′ diaminobenzidine (DAB) substrate, and positive brown stained cells in the wells were counted by light microscopy. For detection of Matrix Protein 1 (M1) antigen an anti-M1 monoclonal antibody (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) was used. Viral particles were measured by spectrophotometry as described previously [23] (link).
Dicks M.D., Spencer A.J., Edwards N.J., Wadell G., Bojang K., Gilbert S.C., Hill A.V, & Cottingham M.G. (2012). A Novel Chimpanzee Adenovirus Vector with Low Human Seroprevalence: Improved Systems for Vector Derivation and Comparative Immunogenicity. PLoS ONE, 7(7), e40385.
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Publication 2012
Adenovirus Vaccine Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic Antigens Biological Assay Cells Hexamethonium hexon capsid protein, Adenovirus Horseradish Immunoassay Immunoglobulins Light Microscopy Methanol Microscopy Mus Phosphates Saline Solution Serum Albumin, Bovine Spectrophotometry Synapsin I Titrimetry Virion Virus
2
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine Development
Cited 6 times
The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 (GenBank accession number YP_009724390.1), the surface glycoprotein responsible for receptor binding and fusion/entry into the host cell, was codon optimised for expression in human cell lines and synthesised with the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) leader sequence at the 5’ end by GeneArt Gene Synthesis (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The sequence, encoding SARS-CoV-2 amino acids 2–1273 and tPA leader, was cloned into a shuttle plasmid using InFusion cloning (Clontech). The shuttle plasmid encodes a modified human cytomegalovirus major immediate early promoter (IE CMV) with tetracycline operator (TetO) sites, poly adenylation signal from bovine growth hormone (BGH), between Gateway® recombination cloning sites. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 was prepared using Gateway® recombination technology (Thermo Fisher Scientific) between the shuttle plasmid described and the ChAdOx1 destination DNA BAC vector described in5 (link) resulting in the insertion of the SARS-CoV-2 expression cassette at the E1 locus. The ChAdOx1 adenovirus genome was excised from the BAC using unique PmeI sites flanking the adenovirus genome sequence. The virus was rescued and propagated in T-Rex 293 HEK cells (Invitrogen) which repress antigen expression during virus propagation. Purification was by CsCl gradient ultracentrifugation. Virus titers were determined by hexon immunostaining assay and viral particles calculated based on spectrophotometry16 ,17 .
van Doremalen N., Lambe T., Spencer A., Belij-Rammerstorfer S., Purushotham J.N., Port J.R., Avanzato V.A., Bushmaker T., Flaxman A., Ulaszewska M., Feldmann F., Allen E.R., Sharpe H., Schulz J., Holbrook M., Okumura A., Meade-White K., Pérez-Pérez L., Edwards N.J., Wright D., Bissett C., Gilbride C., Williamson B.N., Rosenke R., Long D., Ishwarbhai A., Kailath R., Rose L., Morris S., Powers C., Lovaglio J., Hanley P.W., Scott D., Saturday G., de Wit E., Gilbert S.C, & Munster V.J. (2020). ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques. Nature, 586(7830), 578-582.
Publication 2020
Adenovirus Vaccine Amino Acids Antigens Biological Assay Cell Lines cesium chloride ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Cloning Vectors Codon Fusions, Cell Gene Expression Genome growth hormone, bovine HEK293 Cells Hexamethonium Homo sapiens Human Herpesvirus 5 Membrane Glycoproteins Plasmids PLAT protein, human Poly A Recombination, Genetic SARS-CoV-2 Signal Peptides spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 Synthetic Genes Tetracycline Ultracentrifugation Virion Virus
3
Recombinant Adenovirus with Epitope Insertions
Cited 6 times
In order to generate recombinant adenoviruses with the KWAS epitope genetically incorporated within Ad hexon HVR1 as well as His6 incorporated within HVR2 or HVR5, the following was performed: for the HVR1 modification, the DNA sequence corresponding to a seven amino acid region of HIV gp41 was generated by GenScript and subcloned into the HVR1 region (the HIV sequence replaced amino acids 139 to 144) of the HVR2-His6/pH5S or HVR5-His6/pH5S plasmids [24] (link). In order to generate the control plasmid HVR1-His6/pH5S, the DNA sequence corresponding to His6 within the HVR1 (the His6 sequence replaced amino acids 139 to 144) was generated by GenScript and subcloned into the H5/pH5S plasmid [24] (link). The resulting plasmids HVR1-His6/pH5S, HVR1-KWAS-HVR2-His6/pH5S or HVR1-KWAS-HVR5-His6/pH5S were digested with EcoRI and PmeI. These resulting fragments containing the homologous recombination regions and the hexon genes were purified, then recombined with a SwaI-digested Ad5 backbone vector that lacks the hexon gene, pAd5/ΔH5 [25] (link). These recombination reactions were performed in Escherichia coli BJ5183 (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA). The resultant clones were designated as Ad/H5-HVR1-His6, Ad5/H5-HVR1-KWAS-HVR2-His6 and Ad5/H5-HVR1-KWAS-HVR5-His6. The control vector, Ad5/HVR2-MPER-L15ΔE1 was generated and characterized as previously described [5] (link). The Ad5 vector which is E1 deleted and contains green fluorescent protein and luciferase within the E1 region was generated and characterized as previously described [24] (link).
Gu L., Li Z.C., Krendelchtchikov A., Krendelchtchikova V., Wu H, & Matthews Q.L. (2013). Using Multivalent Adenoviral Vectors for HIV Vaccination. PLoS ONE, 8(3), e60347.
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Publication 2013
Adenoviruses Amino Acids Clone Cells Cloning Vectors Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI Epitopes Escherichia coli Genes Green Fluorescent Proteins Hexamethonium Homologous Recombination Luciferases Plasmids Recombination, Genetic Vertebral Column
4
Achieving Higher-Resolution HSV-1 Capsid Structure
Cited 5 times
Because of the large size of the HSV-1 capsid, any overall particle
deformation and the defocus gradient across the particle (that is, the Ewald
sphere effect) (73 (link)) would result in
considerable dampening of the high-resolution information in conventional
icosahedral reconstruction by treating the particle as a whole. Both effects are
the most severe in the capsid vertex region, limiting attainable resolution of
the penton and the CATC. To further improve resolution of the vertex region, we
applied a subparticle refinement and reconstruction procedure considering both
local variations (74 (link)) and defocus
gradient. Specifically, icosahedral orientation and center parameters of each
particle image determined above were used to guide extraction of all vertex
regions as subparticles with their defocus values adjusted according to their
locations on each particle. The orientation and center parameters of these
sub-particles were locally refined with Relion (75 (link)), and, by imposing C5 symmetry, we obtained a final
reconstruction at 3.5-Å resolution on the basis of the gold-standard FSC
= 0.143 criterion (68 (link)). Atomic
models of components in the vertex region (including hexon MCPs P1, P2, and P6;
penton MCP; triplex Ta; and the CATC) were fitted into the refined subparticle
map, manually checked in Coot, and refined with Phenix. Overall, our models
built from the 4.2-Å resolution icosahedral map match well with the
improved subparticle map at 3.5-Å resolution, indicative of good quality
and validity of our original models.
Dai X, & Zhou Z.H. (2018). Structure of the herpes simplex virus 1 capsid with associated tegument protein complexes. Science (New York, N.Y.), 360(6384), eaao7298.
Publication 2018
Capsid Proteins Gold Hexamethonium Human Herpesvirus 1 MAP2 protein, human Reconstructive Surgical Procedures
5
Quantifying TRIM21-Antibody Interactions
Cited 5 times
Recombinant AdV5 hexon (AbD Serotec) (diluted to 1 µg/ml in PBS), a polyclonal anti-human Fc Ab produced in goat (locally produced; diluted to 1 µg/ml in PBS), or AdV5-GFP (Sino Biologicals) (diluted 1:1000 in PBS from a 1.0 × 1010 PFU/ml viral stock) was coated in 96-well plates (Nunc) and incubated overnight at 4°C. Remaining surface area was blocked using PBS/4% skim milk (S) (Acumedia), before washing four times with PBS/0.005% Tween 20 (T). Titrated amounts of h9C12 variants diluted in PBS/T/S were added to the wells and incubated for 1 h at room temperature (RT). Following washing as above, MBP-tagged full-length human TRIM21 or an alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-conjugated polyclonal anti-human Fc Ab from goat (Sigma-Aldrich), each diluted to 1 µg/ml in PBS/S/T, was added and incubated for 1 h at RT. Following washing as above, bound MBP-tagged full-length human TRIM21 was detected by an HRP-conjugated anti-MBP Ab (New England Biolabs). Binding was visualized by addition of tetramethylbenzidine solution (Calbiochem) or ALP substrate (Sigma-Aldrich). The HRP-tetramethylbenzidine reaction was terminated by addition of 100 µl 1 M HCl, and the 450-nm (HRP) or 405-nm (ALP) absorption spectrum was recorded using a Sunrise plate reader (TECAN).
Foss S., Watkinson R.E., Grevys A., McAdam M.B., Bern M., Høydahl L.S., Dalhus B., Michaelsen T.E., Sandlie I., James L.C, & Andersen J.T. (2016). TRIM21 Immune Signaling Is More Sensitive to Antibody Affinity Than Its Neutralization Activity. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 196(8), 3452-3459.
Publication 2016
3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine Alkaline Phosphatase Biological Factors Goat Hexamethonium Homo sapiens isononanoyl oxybenzene sulfonate Milk, Cow's Tween 20

Most recents protocols related to «Hexamethonium»

1
Immunogenicity of AdY25-based Vectors
Not available on PMC !

Example 5

The impact of two different E4 modifications on the immunogenicity of AdY25-based vectors was assessed using the following constructs:

    • (i) AdY25 E4 wildtype (“E4 wt”)
    • (ii) AdY25 E4AdHu5Orf6 (“E4Orf6”); and
    • (iii) AdY25 E4AdHu5Orf4/6/7(“E4Orf4/6/7”).

Balb/c mice (4/group) were immunised intramuscularly with either 106 ifu or 108 ifu of each vector. Responses to Pb9 and PI 5 epitopes were assayed two weeks post immunisation. Titers calculated once again on GFP to remove the effect of hexon production rates on vaccine titer.

The effect of E4 modification on IFN-γ spleen ELISpot responses is shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B. The data indicate that E4 modification has no effect on vector immunogenicity. Therefore, such modifications can be used to enhance the rate of production of the viral vectors, without having a negative impact on the immunogenicity of the vectors.

US11857640B2. Simian adenovirus and hybrid adenoviral vectors (2024-01-02). Oxford University Innovation Limited [GB]. Inventors: Matthew Douglas James Dicks [GB], Matthew Guy Cottingham [GB], Adrian Vivian Sinton Hill [GB], Sarah Gilbert [GB].
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Patent 2024
Antigens Cloning Vectors Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay Epitopes Figs Hexamethonium Immunization Interferon Type II Mice, Inbred BALB C Spleen Vaccines
2
Pharmacological modulation of retinal activity
We blocked gap junctions via application of the gap junction blocker MFA (50 µM, Sigma-Aldrich). We blocked the nicotinic acetylcholine signaling pathway via application of the broad nicotinic receptor antagonists hexamethonium (Hex, 100 µM, Sigma-Aldrich) and epibatidine (EPB, 10 nM, Sigma-Aldrich) as well as the specific antagonist dihydro-ß-erythroidine hydrobromide (DHßE, 8 µM, Sigma-Aldrich).
The following procedure was used for all pharmacology experiments: We recorded baseline activity in ACSF for 8 min before pharmacological agents were applied to the perfusion system. We then waited 15–30 min for the agents to take effect before acquiring another 8 min recording session.
To attempt to assay off-target effects of MFA, we used whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings to compare voltage-gated ion channels on RGCs in E16–18 retina but found inconsistent results (Figure 2—figure supplement 1). We associate this high variance with a rapid changing complement of ion channels during development and the quick washout of these conductances during whole-cell recordings.
Voufo C., Chen A.Q., Smith B.E., Yan R., Feller M.B, & Tiriac A. (2023). Circuit mechanisms underlying embryonic retinal waves. eLife, 12, e81983.
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Publication 2023
Biological Assay Dietary Supplements epibatidine Gap Junctions Hexamethonium Nicotinic Antagonists Perfusion Retina Signal Transduction Pathways
3
Vascular Reactivity Assays with LPS and Drugs
LPS from Escherichia coli O127:B8, PHE, KCl, serotonin, acetylcholine, and hexamethonium were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. LPS was suspended in saline and sonicated in bath for 30 min immediately before use. The other drugs were dissolved in saline without the need for sonication. In the in-vivo experiments, LPS (1 mg/mL), PHE (1–25 µg/mL), or hexamethonium (30 mg/mL) were bolus-injected i.v. at a volume of 1 mL/kg. In the ex-vivo vascular reactivity experiment, a concentrated solution of PHE, KCl, serotonin, or acetylcholine was added to the myograph chamber in a volume that did not exceed 4% of the end chamber volume.
Moretti E.H., Rodrigues A.C., Marques B.V., Totola L.T., Ferreira C.B., Brito C.F., Matos C.M., da Silva F.A., Santos R.A., Lopes L.B., Moreira T.S., Akamine E.H., Baccala L.A., Fujita A, & Steiner A.A. (2023). Autoregulation of blood flow drives early hypotension in a rat model of systemic inflammation induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. PNAS Nexus, 2(2), pgad014.
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Publication 2023
Acetylcholine Bath Blood Vessel Escherichia coli Hexamethonium Myography Pharmaceutical Preparations Saline Solution Serotonin
4
Adenovirus Genotyping Protocol
The total DNA was extracted from the samples using the DNP Nucleic Acid Isolation Kit (CinnaGen Inc., Tehran, Iran) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The extracted DNA was stored at − 70 °C.
In order to detect the prevalent genotypes, were amplified a fragment of the hexon gene using a specific Ad-Hex primer set (Table 1). The primer pairs were designed using the NCBI primer designing tool and evaluated on positive clinical samples as well as available positive controls. The thermal cycling conditions were as follows: initial denaturation at 95 °C for 5 min, followed by 35 cycles: 30 s at 95 °C, 30 s at 55 °C, and another 30 s at 72 °C. In this study, 12 samples from different time points of epidemics were randomly selected to be sent for sequencing. PCR products were purified using the MN gel purification kit (Macherey–Nagel Inc.) before being sent for Sanger sequencing.
All the sequences were retrieved from the files and screened by BLAST online tool to find the similarity with the relative sequence. Next, they underwent multiple sequence alignments with numerous reference adenovirus sequences from different groups by Mega10 software. The confirmed reference/clinical strains included human adenoviruses group A, B, C, D, E, and F. Afterward, a phylogenetic tree was constructed by Clustal-X using the distance-based method, Neighbor-Joining, and then validated following 1000 bootstrap replicates.
Afrasiabi V., Ghojoghi R., Hosseini S.Y., Sarvari J., Nekooei F., Joharinia N., Hadian S., Gholami M, & Nejabat M. (2023). The molecular epidemiology, genotyping, and clinical manifestation of prevalent adenovirus infection during the epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, South of Iran. European Journal of Medical Research, 28, 108.
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Publication 2023
Adenoviruses Epidemics Genes, vif Genotype Hexamethonium Human mastadenovirus A isolation Nucleic Acids Oligonucleotide Primers Sequence Alignment Strains
5
Quantitative analysis of CARD11 gene expression in poultry

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Publication 2023
Biopharmaceuticals Chickens Columbidae Genes Hexamethonium Oligonucleotide Primers Plasmids RNA, Messenger

Top products related to «Hexamethonium»

1
Hexamethonium by Merck Group
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Hexamethonium is a laboratory chemical compound used as a research tool in pharmacological and physiological studies. It is a neuromuscular blocking agent that acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, primarily in the autonomic ganglia. Hexamethonium is commonly utilized in experimental settings to investigate the role of the autonomic nervous system in various biological processes.
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The Vectastain ABC kit is a product by Vector Laboratories that is used for the detection of specific target antigens in tissue or cell samples. The kit includes reagents necessary for the avidin-biotin complex (ABC) method of immunohistochemistry. The core function of the Vectastain ABC kit is to provide a reliable and sensitive tool for the visualization of target molecules within a sample.
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The Adeno-X Rapid Titer Kit is a laboratory tool designed to quantify the titer of adenoviral particles. It provides a rapid and simple method to determine the concentration of adenoviral stocks.
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Nicotine is a chemical compound found in the tobacco plant. It is a colorless, volatile, and alkaline liquid with a distinctive odor. Nicotine is commonly used in laboratory settings for research and analysis purposes.

More about "Hexamethonium"

Hexamethonium is a synthetic compound with pharmacological properties as a ganglion-blocking agent.
It is used in medical research to study the effects of autonomic nervous system regulation and can be employed as a a therapeutic agent for certain cardiovascular conditions.
Hexamethonium works by inhibiting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, thereby preventing transmission of nerve impulses through the autonomic ganglia.
Researchers utilize Hexamethonium to investigate physiological processes and develop new treatments, though its use requires careful consideration due to potential side effects.
The PubCompare.ai platform can assist scientists in locating high-quality Hexamethonium research protocols and optimizing their experimentation for enhanced reproducibility and insight.
Discover the power of PubCompare.ai - your AI-driven platform for enhanced reproducibility and accuracy in Hexamethonium research.
Locate protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, and leverage our AI-driven comparisons to identify the best protocols and products.
Streamline your research and unlock new insights with our intuitive tools.
Experince the difference in your Hexamethonium optimiziation today! Researchers may also use related compounds and kits such as the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit, Autoclave reactor, Vectastain ABC kit, Adeno-X Rapid Titer Kit, QIAquick PCR Purification Kit, Platinum PCR SuperMix, PepTivator AdV5 Hexon, QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit, and Nicotine to further their studies on Hexamethonium and the autonomic nervous system.
The combination of these tools and techniques can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic applications of this important pharmacological agent.