A chemical library of 658-natural compounds was kindly provided by Dr. Sang Jeon Chung of Sungkyunkwan University (Suwon, Korea). Kaempferide (69545), dimethylsulfoxide (D2650), bafilomycin A1 (B1793), rapamycin (553210), tiliroside (79257), chloroquine (C6628), orlistat (O4139), palmitic acid (P5585), oleic acid (O1383), acridine orange (A6014), oil-red-O (O0625), dexamethasone (D8893), insulin (I0516), and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (I5879) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. BODIPY 493/503 (D3922), Hoechst33342 (H3570), lipofectamine LTX (94756), lipofectamine 2000 (52887), Plus reagent (10964), protease and phosphatase inhibitor solution (78441), M-PER kit (89842Y), DMEM, fetal bovine serum (FBS), bovine serum, and antibiotics were purchased from Invitrogen ThermoFisher Scientific. For in vivo experiments, Kaempferide (K0057) was purchased from TCI Chemicals. siRNA targeting TUFM was purchased from Dharmacon. mRFP-GFP-LC3B plasmids were kindly provided by Dr. Jaewhan Song of Yonsei University (Seoul, Korea).
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